Chapter CCXX: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (41)

Defn: That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.

HYGIENIC Hy`gi*en"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygiénique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to health or hygiene; sanitary.

HYGIENICS Hy`gi*en"ics, n.

Defn: The science of health; hygiene.

HYGIENISM Hy"gi*en*ism, n.

Defn: Hygiene.

HYGIENIST Hy"gi*en*ist, n.

Defn: One versed in hygiene.

HYGIOLOGY Hy`gi*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health. [R.]

HYGRINE Hy"grine, n. Etym: [From Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves (Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.

HYGRODEIK Hy"gro*deik, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.

HYGROGRAPH Hy"gro*graph, n. Etym: [Gr. -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.

HYGROLOGY Hy*grol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.)

Defn: The science which treats of the fluids of the body.

HYGROMETER Hy*grom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter: cf. F. hygromètre.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere. Daniell's hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity.

HYGROMETRIC; HYGROMETRICAL Hy`gro*met"ric, Hy`gro*met"ric*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygrométrique.]

1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as, hygrometric observations.

2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as, hygrometric substances, like potash.

HYGROMETRY Hy*grom"e*try, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hygrométrie.] (Physics)

Defn: That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.

HYGROPHANOUS Hy*groph"a*nous, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.

HYGROPHTHALMIC Hy`groph*thal"mic, a. Etym: [Gr. ophthalmic.] (Anat.)

Defn: Serving to moisten the eye; -- sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.

HYGROPLASM Hy"gro*plasm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.

HYGROSCOPE Hy"gro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.

HYGROSCOPIC Hy`gro*scop"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hygroscopique.]

1. Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as, glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture.

2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.

HYGROSCOPICITY Hy`gro*sco*pic"i*ty, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.

HYGROSTATICS Hy`gro*stat"ics, n. Etym: [Gr. Statics.]

Defn: The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture. Evelyn.

HYKE Hyke, n.

Defn: See Haik, and Huke.

HYKSOS Hyk"sos, n. [Gr. , fr. Egypt. hikshasu chiefs of the Bedouins, shepherds.]

Defn: A dynasty of Egyptian kings, often called the Shepherd kings, of foreign origin, who, according to the narrative of Manetho, ruled for about 500 years, forming the XVth and XVIth dynasties. It is now considered that the XVIth is merely a double of the XVth dynasty, and that the total period of the six Hyksos kings was little more than 100 years. It is supposed that they were Asiatic Semites.

HYLAEOSAUR; HYLAEOSAURUS Hy"læ*o*saur`, Hy`læ*o*sau"rus, n. Etym: [NL. hylaeosaurus, fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A large Wealden dinosaur from the Tilgate Forest, England. It was about twenty feet long, protected by bony plates in the skin, and armed with spines.

HYLARCHICAL Hy*lar"chi*cal, a. Etym: [Gr. hylarchique. See Archical.]

Defn: Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell.

HYLEOSAUR Hy"le*o*saur", n.

Defn: Same as Hylæosaur.

HYLIC Hyl"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to matter; material; corporeal; as, hylic influences.

HYLICIST Hy"li*cist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.

HYLISM Hy"lism, n. Etym: [Gr. (Metaph.)

Defn: A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil.

HYLOBATE Hy"lo*bate, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See Gibbon.

HYLODES Hy*lo"des, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The piping frog (Hyla Pickeringii), a small American tree frog, which in early spring, while breeding in swamps and ditches, sings with high, shrill, but musical, notes.

HYLOISM Hy"lo*ism, n.

Defn: Same as Hylotheism.

HYLOIST Hy"lo*ist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Same as Hylotheist.

HYLOPATHISM Hy*lop"a*thism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The doctrine that matter is sentient. Krauth-Fleming.

HYLOPATHIST Hy*lop"a*thist, n.

Defn: One who believes in hylopathism.

HYLOPHAGOUS Hy*loph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating green shoots, as certain insects do.

HYLOTHEISM Hy"lo*the*ism, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See Materialism.

HYLOTHEIST Hy"lo*the*ist, n.

Defn: One who believes in hylotheism.

HYLOZOIC Hy`lo*zo"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hylozoism.

HYLOZOISM Hy`lo*zo"ism, n. Etym: [Gr. hylozoïsme.]

Defn: The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable. [R.] Cudworth.

HYLOZOIST Hy`lo*zo"ist, n.

Defn: A believer in hylozoism. A. Tucker.

HYMAR Hy*mar", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild ass of Persia.

HYMEN Hy"men, n. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.

HYMEN Hy"men, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class Myth.)

Defn: A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities. Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in Eden's rosy bower. Campbell.

2. Marriage; union as if by marriage. Hymen of element and race. Emerson.

HYMENEAL; HYMENEAN Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, a. Etym: [L. hymeneius, a., also Hymenaeus, n., Hymen, Gr. hyménéal, hyménéen.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites. Pope.

HYMENEAL; HYMENEAN Hy`me*ne"al, Hy`me*ne"an, n.

Defn: A marriage song. Milton.

HYMENIUM Hy*me"ni*um, n.; pl. L. Hymenia, E. Hymeniums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.

HYMENOGENY Hy`me*nog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former.

HYMENOMYCETES Hy`me*no*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed. M. J. Berkley.

HYMENOPHORE Hy*men"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.

HYMENOPTER Hy`me*nop"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hyménoptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Hymenoptera.

HYMENOPTERA Hy`me*nop"te*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc.

Note: They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division (Aculeata), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor.

HYMENOPTERAL; HYMENOPTEROUS Hy`me*nop"ter*al, Hy`me*nop"ter*ous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.

HYMENOPTERAN Hy`me*nop"ter*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Hymenoptera.

HYMN Hymn, n. Etym: [OE. hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF. also ymne, L. hymnus, Gr. weave.]

Defn: An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thankgiving intended to be used in religious service; as, the Homeric hymns; Watts' hymns. Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16. Where angels first should practice hymns, and string Their tuneful harps. Dryden. Hymn book, a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.

HYMN Hymn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hymned; p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning.] Etym: [Cf. L. hymnire, Gr.

Defn: To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing. To hymn the bright of the Lord. Keble. Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than mine. Byron.

HYMN Hymn, v. i.

Defn: To sing in praise or adoration. Milton.

HYMNAL Hym"nal, n.

Defn: A collection of hymns; a hymn book.

HYMNIC Hym"nic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hymnique.]

Defn: Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics. Donne.

HYMNING Hymn"ing, a.

Defn: Praising with hymns; singing. "The hymning choir." G. West.

HYMNING Hymn"ing, n.

Defn: The singing of hymns. Milton.

HYMNIST Hym"nist, n.

Defn: A writer of hymns.

HYMNODY Hym"no*dy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology.

HYMNOGRAPHER Hym*nog"ra*pher, n.

1. One who writes on the subject of hymns.

2. A writer or composed of hymns.

HYMNOGRAPHY Hym*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. graphy.]

Defn: The art or act of composing hymns.

HYMNOLOGIST Hym*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology. Busby.

HYMNOLOGY Hym*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.]

1. The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; as, the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also, the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as, the Anglican hymnology.

2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.

HYMPNE Hymp"ne, n.

Defn: A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HYNDRESTE Hynd"reste, a.

Defn: See Hinderest. [Obs.]

HYNE Hyne, n.

Defn: A servant. See Hine. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HYO- Hy"o-. Etym: [See Hyod.]

Defn: A prexif used in anatomy, and generally denoting connection with the hyoid bone or arch; as, hyoglossal, hyomandibular, hyomental, etc.

HYOGANOIDEI Hy`o*ga*noi"de*i, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hyo-, and Canoidei.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ganoid fishes, including the gar pikes and bowfins. -- Hy`o*ga"noid, a.

HYOGLOSSAL Hy`o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to or connecting the tongue and hyodean arch; as, the hyoglossal membrane. (b) Of or pertaining to the hyoglossus muscle.

HYOGLOSSUS Hy`o*glos"sus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.

HYOID Hy"oid, a. Etym: [Gr. hyoïde.]

1. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself. Hyoid arch (Anat.), the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull. -- Hyoid bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.

HYOID Hy"oid, n.

Defn: The hyoid bone.

HYOIDEAL; HYOIDEAN Hy*oid"e*al, Hy*oid"e*an, a.

Defn: Same as Hyoid, a.

HYOMANDIBULAR Hy`o*man*dib"u*lar, a. Etym: [Hyo- + mandibular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining both to the hyoidean arch and the mandible or lower jaw; as, the hyomandibular bone or cartilage, a segment of the hyoid arch which connects the lower jaw with the skull in fishes. -- n.

Defn: The hyomandibular bone or cartilage.

HYOMENTAL Hy`o*men"tal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + mental of the chin.] (Anat.)

Defn: Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as, the hyomental region of the front of the neck.

HYOPASTRON Hy`o*pas"tron, n. Etym: [Hyo- + plastron.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyosternum.

HYOSCINE Hy*os"cine, n. Etym: [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.

HYOSCYAMINE Hy`os*cy"a*mine, n. Etym: [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid found in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), and regarded as its active principle. It is also found with other alkaloids in the thorn apple and deadly nightshade. It is extracted as a white crystalline substance, with a sharp, offensive taste. Hyoscyamine is isomeric with atropine, is very poisonous, and is used as a medicine for neuralgia, like belladonna. Called also hyoscyamia, duboisine, etc.

HYOSCYAMUS Hy`os*cy"a*mus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of poisonous plants of the Nightshade family; henbane.

2. (Med.)

Defn: The leaves of the black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in neuralgic and pectorial troubles.

HYOSTERNAL Hy`o*ster"nal, a. Etym: [Hyo- + ternal.] (Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as, the hyosternal region of the neck. (b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.

HYOSTERNUM Hy`o*ster"num, n. Etym: [Hyo- + sternum.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Hyoplastron.

HYOSTYLIC Hy`o*styl"ic, a. Etym: [Hyo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Having the mandible suspended by the hyomandibular, or upper part of the hyoid arch, as in fishes, instead of directly articulated with the skull as in mammals; -- said of the skull.

HYP Hyp, n.

Defn: An abbreviation of hypochonaria; -- usually in plural. [Colloq.] Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps. Swift.

HYP Hyp, v. t.

Defn: To make melancholy. [Colloq.] W. Irving.

HYPAETHRAL; HYPETHRAL Hy*pæ"thral, Hy*pe"thral, a. Etym: [L. hypaethrus in the open air, uncovered, Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; -- applied to a building or part of a building. Gwilt.

HYPALLAGE Hy*pal"la*ge, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to other. Thus Virgil says, "dare classibus austros," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris, to give the fleets to the winds. The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is much the gravest fault in language. Landor.

HYPALLELOMORPH Hyp`al*le"lo*morph, n.

Defn: See Allelomorph.

HYPANTHIUM Hy*pan"thi*um, n.; pl. L. Hypanthia, E. Hypanthiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fruit consisting in large part of a receptacle, enlarged below the calyx, as in the alycanthus, the rose hip, and the pear.

HYPAPOPHYSIS Hy`pa*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Hypapophyles. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as hæmal spines, and chevron bones. -- Hy`pa*po*phys"i*al, a.

HYPARTERIAL Hy`par*te"ri*al, a. Etym: [Hypo- + arterial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Situated below an artery; applied esp. to the branches of the bronchi given off below the point where the pulmonary artery crosses the bronchus.

HYPASPIST Hy*pas"pist, n. Etym: [Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: A shield-bearer or armor-bearer. Mitford.

HYPAXIAL Hy*pax"i*al, a. Etym: [Hypo- + axial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.

HYPE hype n.

Defn: Intense publicity for a future event, performed in a showy or excessively dramatic manner suggesting an importance not justified by the event; as, the hype surrounding the superbowl is usually ludicrous. [PJC]

HYPE hype v. t.

1. to publicize [e.g. a product or a future event] insistently, in a manner exaggerating the importance of; to promote flamboyantly. [wns=1] [WordNet 1.5]

2. To stimulate or excite (a person); --usually used with up, and often in the passive form; as, she was all hyped up over her upcoming wedding. [PJC]

HYPER- Hy"per-. Etym: [Gr. super, E. over. See Over, and cf. Super-.]

1. A prefix signifying over, above; as, hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also, above measure, abnormally great, excessive; as, hyperæmia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or peroxide. [Obs.] See Per-.

HYPERAEMIA Hy`per*æ"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A superabundance or congestion of blood in an organ or part of the body. Active hyperæmia, cognestion d%ue to increased flow of blood to a part. -- Passive hyperæmia, interchange due to obstruction in the return of blood from a part. -- Hy`per*æ"mic, a.

HYPERAESTHESIA Hy`per*æs*the"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Physiol.)

Defn: A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. -- Hy`per*æs*thet"ic, a.

HYPERAPOPHYSIS Hy`per*a*poph"y*sis, n.; pl. Hyperapophyses. Etym: [NL. See Hyper-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.)

Defn: A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra. -- Hy`per*ap`o*phys"i*al, a.

HYPERASPIST Hy`per*as"pist, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who holds a shield over another; hence, a defender. [Obs.] Chillingworth.

HYPERBATIC Hy`per*bat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.

HYPERBATON Hy*per"ba*ton, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Gram.)

Defn: A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; as, "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed." With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text. Milton.

HYPERBOLA Hy*per"bo*la, n. Etym: [Gr. i. e., of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See Hyperbole.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal to a given distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See Illust. of Conic section, and Focus.

HYPERBOLE Hy*per"bo*le, n. Etym: [L., fr. GrHyper-, Parable, and cf. Hyperbola.] (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure of speech in which the expression is an evident exaggeration of the meaning intended to be conveyed, or by which things are represented as much greater or less, better or worse, than they really are; a statement exaggerated fancifully, through excitement, or for effect. Our common forms of compliment are almost all of them extravagant hyperboles. Blair. Somebody has said of the boldest figure in rhetoric, the hyperbole, that it lies without deceiving. Macaulay.

HYPERBOLIC; HYPERBOLICAL Hy`per*bol"ic, Hy`per*bol"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hyperbolicus, Gr. hyperbolique.]

1. (Math.)

Defn: Belonging to the hyperbola; having the nature of the hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: Relating to, containing, or of the nature of, hyperbole; exaggerating or diminishing beyond the fact; exceeding the truth; as, an hyperbolical expression. "This hyperbolical epitaph." Fuller. Hyperbolic functions (Math.), certain functions which have relations to the hyperbola corresponding to those which sines, cosines, tangents, etc., have to the circle; and hence, called hyperbolic sines, hyperbolic cosines, etc. -- Hyperbolic logarithm. See Logarithm. -- Hyperbolic spiral (Math.), a spiral curve, the law of which is, that the distance from the pole to the generating point varies inversely as the angle swept over by the radius vector.

HYPERBOLICALLY Hy`per*bol"ic*al*ly, adv.

1. (Math.)

Defn: In the form of an hyperbola.

2. (Rhet.)

Defn: With exaggeration; in a manner to express more or less than the truth. Sir W. Raleigh.

HYPERBOLIFORM Hy`per*bol"i*form, a. Etym: [Hyperbola + -form.]

Defn: Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.

HYPERBOLISM Hy*per"bo*lism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hyperbolisme.]

Defn: The use of hyperbole. Jefferson.

HYPERBOLIST Hy*per"bo*list, n.

Defn: One who uses hyperboles.

HYPERBOLIZE Hy*per"bo*lize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized; p. pr. & vb. n. Hyperbolizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. hyperboliser.]

Defn: To speak or write with exaggeration. Bp. Montagu.

HYPERBOLIZE Hy*per"bo*lize, v. t.

Defn: To state or represent hyperbolically. Fotherby.

HYPERBOLOID Hy*per"bo*loid, n. Etym: [Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F. hyperboloïde.] (Geom.)

Defn: A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also, the solid, bounded in part by such a surface. Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.

HYPERBOLOID Hy*per"bo*loid, a. (Geom.)

Defn: Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.

HYPERBOREAN Hy`per*bo"re*an, a. Etym: [L. hyperboreus, Gr. Boreas.]

1. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.

2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as, a hyperborean coast or atmosphere. The hyperborean or frozen sea. C. Butler (1633).

HYPERBOREAN Hy`per*bo"re*an, n.

1. (Greek Myth.)

Defn: One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.

2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions.

HYPERCARBURETED Hy`per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; -- said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written also hypercarburetted.]

HYPERCATALECTIC Hy`per*cat`a*lec"tic, a. Etym: [L. hypercatalecticus, hypercatalectus, Gr. hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and Catalectic.] (Pros.)

Defn: Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as, a hypercatalectic verse.

HYPERCHLORIC Hy`per*chlo"ric, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Perchloric.

HYPERCHROMATISM Hy`per*chro"ma*tism, n.

Defn: The condition of having an unusual intensity of color.

HYPERCRITIC Hy`per*crit"ic, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + critic: cf. F. hypercritique.]

Defn: One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor. "Hypercritics in English poetry." Dryden.

HYPERCRITIC Hy`per*crit"ic, a.

Defn: Hypercritical.

HYPERCRITICAL Hy`per*crit"ic*al, a.

1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious. "Hypercritical readers." Swift.

2. Excessively nice or exact. Evelyn.

HYPERCRITICALLY Hy`per*crit"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hypercritical manner.

HYPERCRITICISE Hy`per*crit"i*cise, v. t.

Defn: To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.

HYPERCRITICISM Hy`per*crit"i*cism, n.

Defn: Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.

HYPERDICROTIC Hy`per*di*crot"ic, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Excessive dicrotic; as, a hyperdicrotic pulse.

HYPERDICROTISM Hy`per*di"cro*tism, n. (Physiol.)

Defn: A hyperdicrotic condition.

HYPERDICROTOUS Hy`per*di"cro*tous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Hyperdicrotic.

HYPERDULIA Hy`per*du*li"a, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F. hyperdulie.] (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia. Addis & Arnold.

HYPERDULY Hy"per*du`ly, n.

Defn: Hyperdulia. [Obs.]

HYPERESTHESIA Hy`per*es*the"si*a, n.

Defn: Same as Hyperæsthesia.

HYPERICUM Hy*per"i*cum, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants, generally with dotted leaves and yellow flowers; -- called also St. John's-wort.

HYPERINOSIS Hy`per*i*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.

HYPERION Hy*pe"ri*on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Class Myth.)

Defn: The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty. So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr. Shak.

HYPERKINESIS Hy`per*ki*ne"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.

HYPERKINETIC Hy`per*ki*net"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.

HYPERMETAMORPHOSIS Hy`per*met`a*mor"pho*sis, n. Etym: [Hyper- + metamorphosis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.

HYPERMETER Hy*per"me*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. hypermètre.]

1. (Pros.)

Defn: A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.

2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard. When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter. Addison.

HYPERMETRICAL Hy`per*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure. Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.), a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure.

HYPERMETROPIA; HYPERMETROPY Hy`per*me*tro"pi*a, Hy`per*met"ro*py, n. Etym: [NL. hypermetropia, fr. Gr. Hypermeter.]

Defn: A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; -- called also hyperopia. Cf. Emmetropia.

Note: In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses. -- Hy`per*me*trop"ic, a.

HYPERMYRIORAMA Hy`per*myr`i*o*ra"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A show or exhibition having a great number of scenes or views.

HYPERNOEA Hy`per*noe"a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; -- in distinction from eupnoea. See Eupnoea, and Dispnoea.

HYPEROARTIA Hy`per*o*ar"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See Cyclostoma, and Lamprey.

HYPEROPIA Hy`per*o"pi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Hypermetropia. -- Hy`per*op"tic, a.

HYPERORGANIC Hy`per*or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + organic.]

Defn: Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic. Sir W. Hamilton.

HYPERORTHODOXY Hy`per*or"tho*dox`y, n.

Defn: Orthodoxy pushed to excess.

HYPEROTRETA Hy`per*o*tre"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See Hagfish. [Written also Hyperotreti.]

HYPEROXIDE Hy`per*ox"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A compound having a relatively large percentage of oxygen; a peroxide. [Obs.]

HYPEROXYGENATED; HYPEROXYGENIZED Hy`per*ox"y*gen*a`ted, Hy`per*ox"y*gen*ized, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Combined with a relatively large amount of oxygen; -- said of higher oxides. [Obs.]

HYPEROXYMURIATE Hy`per*ox`y*mu"ri*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A perchlorate. [Obs.]

HYPEROXYMURIATIC Hy`per*ox`y*mu`ri*at"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Perchloric; as, hyperoxymuriatic acid. [Obs.]

HYPERPHYSICAL Hy`per*phys"ic*al, a.

Defn: Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural. Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical hypothesis. Sir W. Hamilton.

HYPERPLASIA Hy`per*pla"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part.

Note: Hyperplasia relates to the formation of new elements, hypertrophy being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements. Dunglison.

HYPERPLASTIC Hy`per*plas"tic, a.

1. Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: Tending to excess of formative action.

HYPERPYREXIA Hy`per*py*rex"i*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Hyper-, and Pyrexia.] (Med.)

Defn: A condition of excessive fever; an elevation of temperature in a disease, in excess of the limit usually observed in that disease.

HYPERSECRETION Hy`per*se*cre"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Morbid or excessive secretion, as in catarrh.

HYPERSENSIBILITY Hy`per*sen`si*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: See Hyperæsthesia.

HYPERSPACE Hy"per*space, n. Etym: [Pref. hyper- + space.] (Geom.)

Defn: An imagined space having more than three dimensions.

HYPERSTHENE Hy"per*sthene, n. Etym: [Gr. hyperstène.] (Min.)

Defn: An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface.

HYPERSTHENIC Hy`per*sthen"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Composed of, or containing, hypersthene.

HYPERTHETICAL Hy`per*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical. [Obs.] Hyperthetical or superlative . . . expression. Chapman.

HYPERTHYRION Hy`per*thyr"i*on, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: That part of the architrave which is over a door or window.

HYPERTROPHIC; HYPERTROPHICAL Hy`per*troph"ic, Hy`per*troph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hypertrophique.] (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy.

HYPERTROPHIED Hy*per"tro*phied, a. (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: Excessively developed; characterized by hypertrophy.

HYPERTROPHY Hy*per"tro*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.)

Defn: A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; -- the opposite of atrophy.

HYPHAE Hy"phæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "yfh` a web.] (Bot.)

Defn: The long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure.

HYPHEN Hy"phen, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-.] (Print.)

Defn: A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in fine-leaved, clear-headed. It is also sometimes used to separate the syllables of words.

HYPHEN Hy"phen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hyphened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hyphening.]

Defn: To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a word.

HYPHENATED Hy"phen*a`ted, a.

Defn: United by hyphens; hyphened; as, a hyphenated or hyphened word.

HYPHOMYCETES Hy`pho*my*ce"tes, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the great division of fungi, containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads. M. J. Berkley.

HYPIDIOMORPHIC Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + idiomorphic.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Partly idiomorphic; -- said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline form. -- Hy*pid`i*o*mor"phic*al*ly, adv.

HYPINOSIS Hyp`i*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the blood.

HYPNAGOGIC Hyp`na*gog"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Leading to sleep; -- applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.

HYPNOBATE Hyp"no*bate, n. Etym: [F., fr. Gr.

Defn: A somnambulist. [R.]

HYPNOCYST Hyp"no*cyst, n. Etym: [Gr. cyst.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.

HYPNOGENIC Hyp`no*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as, the so-called hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep. De Watteville.

HYPNOLOGIST Hyp*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One who is versed in hypnology.

HYPNOLOGY Hyp*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A treatise on sleep; the doctrine of sleep.

HYPNOSCOPE Hyp"no*scope, n. [Gr. + -scope.] (Physiol.)

Defn: An instrument for ascertaining the susceptibility of a person to hypnotic influences.

HYPNOSIS Hyp*no"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Supervention of sleep.

HYPNOTIC Hyp*not"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. somnus, and E. somnolent: cf. F. hypnotique.]

1. Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific.

2. Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; as, a hypnotic condition.

HYPNOTIC Hyp*not"ic, n.

1. Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic.

2. A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism.

HYPNOTISM Hyp"no*tism, n. Etym: [Gr. hypnotisme.]

Defn: A form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the body.

HYPNOTIZATION Hyp`no*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act or process of producing hypnotism.

HYPNOTIZE Hyp"no*tize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypnotized; p. pr. & vb. n. Hypnotizing.]

Defn: To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism.

HYPNOTIZER Hyp"no*ti`zer, n.

Defn: One who hypnotizes.

HYPNUM Hyp"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The largest genus of true mosses; feather moss.

HYPO- Hy"po-. Etym: [Gr. sub. See Sub-.]

1. A prefix signifying a less quantity, or a low state or degree, of that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position under or beneath.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a low valence, or in a low state of oxidization, usually the lowest, into the compounds indicated; as, hyposulphurous acid.

HYPO Hy"po, n.

Defn: Hypochondria. [Colloq.]

HYPO Hy"po, n. Etym: [Abbrev. from hyposulphite.] (Photog.)

Defn: Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture. [Colloq.]

HYPOARIAN Hy`po*a"ri*an, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hypoarion.

HYPOARION Hy`po*a"ri*on, n.; pl. Hypoaria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes. Owen.

HYPOBLAST Hy"po*blast, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -blast.] (Biol.)

Defn: The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; -- called also endoderm, entoderm, and sometimes hypoderm. See Illust. of Blastoderm, Delamination, and Ectoderm.

HYPOBLASTIC Hy`po*blas"tic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to, or connected with, the hypoblast; as, the hypoic sac.

HYPOBOLE Hy*pob"o*le, n. Etym: [Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.

HYPOBRANCHIAL Hy`po*bran"chi*al, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + branchial.] (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch. -- n.

Defn: A hypobranchial bone or cartilage.

HYPOCARP; HYPOCARPIUM Hy"po*carp, Hy`po*car"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. hypocarpium, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew. See Illust. of Cashew.

HYPOCARPOGEAN Hy`po*car`po*ge"an, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Producing fruit below the ground.

HYPOCAUST Hyp"o*caust, n. Etym: [L. hypocaustum, Gr. hypocauste.] (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: A furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.

HYPOCHLORITE Hy`po*chlo"rite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hypochlorous acid; as, a calcium hypochloride.

HYPOCHLOROUS Hy`po*chlo"rous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + chlorous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds. Hypochlorous acid (Chem.), an acid derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming various salts, called hypochlorites.

HYPOCHONDRES Hy`po*chon"dres, n. pl. Etym: [F. hypocondres, formerly spely hypochondres.]

Defn: The hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondrium.

HYPOCHONDRIA Hy`po*chon"dri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Med.)

Defn: Hypochondriasis; melancholy; the blues.

HYPOCHONDRIAC Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, a. Etym: [Gr. hypocondriaque, formerly spelt hypochondriaque.]

1. Of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.

2. Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis. Hypochondriac region (Anat.), a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar, region.

HYPOCHONDRIAC Hy`po*chon"dri*ac, n.

Defn: A person affected with hypochondriasis. He had become an incurable hypochondriac. Macaulay.

HYPOCHONDRIACAL Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal, a.

Defn: Same as Hypochondriac, 2. -- Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cal*ly, adv.

HYPOCHONDRIACISM Hy`po*chon"dri*a*cism, n. (Med.)

Defn: Hypochondriasis. [R.]

HYPOCHONDRIASIS Hy`po*chon"dri*a*sis, n. Etym: [NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondriac, Hypochondrium, and cf. Hyp, 1st Hypo.] (Med.)

Defn: A mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning his own health.

HYPOCHONDRIASM Hy`po*chon"dri*asm, n. (Med.)

Defn: Hypochondriasis. [R.]

HYPOCHONDRIUM Hy`po*chon"dri*um, n.; pl. L. Hypochondria, E. Hypochondriums. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Either of the hypochondriac regions.

HYPOCHONDRY Hy`po*chon"dry, n.

Defn: Hypochondriasis.

HYPOCIST Hyp"o*cist, n. Etym: [Gr. Cistus.]

Defn: An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a plant (Cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of the Cistus, a small European shrub.

HYPOCLEIDIUM Hy`po*clei"di*um, n.; pl. L. Hypocleida, E. Hypocleidiums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: A median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is connected with the sternum.

HYPOCORISTIC Hyp`o*co*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Endearing; diminutive; as, the hypocoristic form of a name. The hypocoristic or pet form of William. Dr. Murray.

HYPOCRATERIFORM Hyp`o*cra*ter"i*form, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped. Wood.

HYPOCRATERIMORPHOUS Hyp`o*cra*ter`i*mor"phous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.

HYPOCRISY Hy*poc"ri*sy, n.; pl. Hypocrisies. Etym: [OE. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, OF. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, F. hypocrisie, L. hypocrisis, fr. Gr. Hypo-, and Critic.]

Defn: The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one's real character, disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness. Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy. Rambler. Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue. La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).

HYPOCRITE Hyp"o*crite, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. hypocrita, Gr. Hypocrisy.]

Defn: One who plays a part; especially, one who, for the purpose of winning approbation of favor, puts on a fair outside seeming; one who feigns to be other and better than he is; a false pretender to virtue or piety; one who simulates virtue or piety. The hypocrite's hope shall perish. Job viii. 13. I dare swear he is no hypocrite, but prays from his heart. Shak.

Syn. -- Deceiver; pretender; cheat. See Dissembler.

HYPOCRITELY Hyp"o*crite*ly, adv.

Defn: Hypocritically. [R.] Sylvester.

HYPOCRITIC Hyp`o*crit"ic, a.

Defn: See Hypocritical. Swift.

HYPOCRITICAL Hyp`o*crit"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. hypocritique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hypocrite, or to hypocrisy; as, a hypocriticalperson; a hypocritical look; a hypocritical action. Hypocritical professions of friendship and of pacific intentions were not spared. Macaulay. -- Hyp`o*crit"ic*al*ly, adv.

HYPOCRYSTALLINE Hyp`o*crys"tal*line, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + crystalline.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: Partly crystalline; -- said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground mass.

HYPOCYCLOID Hy`po*cy"cloid, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + cycloid: cf. F. hypocycloïde.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. Epicycloid, and Trochoid.

HYPODACTYLUM Hyp`o*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. -tyla. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The under side of the toes.

HYPODERM Hyp"o*derm, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + -derm.] (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Hypoblast.

HYPODERMA Hyp`o*der"ma, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo, and derma.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A layer of tissue beneath the epidermis in plants, and performing the physiological function of strengthening the epidermal tissue. In phanerogamous plants it is developed as collenchyma.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An inner cellular layer which lies beneath the chitinous cuticle of arthropods, annelids, and some other invertebrates.

HYPODERMATIC Hyp`o*der*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Hypodermic. -- Hyp`o*der*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

HYPODERMIC Hyp`o*der"mic, a. Etym: [See Hypoderma.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the parts under the skin. Hypodermic medication, the application of remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe. -- Hyp`o*der"mic*al*ly, adv.

HYPODERMIS Hyp`o*der"mis, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Derma.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Hypoblast.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hypoderma, 2.

HYPODICROTIC; HYPODICROTOUS Hyp`o*di*crot"ic, Hyp`o*di"cro*tous, a. (Physiol.)

Defn: Exhibiting retarded dicrotism; as, a hypodicrotic pulse curve.

HYPOGAEIC Hyp`o*gæ"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. gai^a, gh^, earth.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, the peanut, or earthnut (Arachis hypogæa). Hypogæic acid (Chem.), an acid in the oil of the earthnut, in which it exists as a glyceride, and from which it is extracted as a white, crystalline substance.

HYPOGASTRIC Hyp`o*gas"tric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hypogastrique. See Hypogastrium.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region. Hypogastric region. (a) The lower part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions.

HYPOGASTRIUM Hyp`o*gas"tri*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The lower part of the abdomen.

HYPOGEAN Hyp`o*ge"an, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Hypogeous. [Written also hypogæan.]

HYPOGENE Hyp"o*gene, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + the root of Gr. hypogène.] (Geol.)

Defn: Formed or crystallized at depths the earth's surface; -- said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks. Opposed to epigene.

HYPOGEOUS Hyp`o*ge"ous, a. Etym: [See Hypogean.] (Bot.)

Defn: Growing under ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under ground. [Written also hypogæous.]

HYPOGEUM Hyp`o*ge"um, n.; pl. Hypogea. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: The subterraneous portion of a building, as in amphitheaters, for the service of the games; also, subterranean galleries, as the catacombs.

HYPOGLOSSAL Hyp`o*glos"sal, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Under the tongue; -- applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue. -- n.

Defn: One of the hypoglossal nerves.

HYPOGNATOUS Hy*pog"na*tous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer.

HYPOGYN Hyp"o*gyn, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An hypogynous plant.

HYPOGYNOUS Hy*pog"y*nous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. hypogyne.] (Bot.)

Defn: Inserted below the pistil or pistils; -- said of sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil; -- said of a flower or a plant. Gray.

HYPOHYAL Hy`po*hy"al, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Greek letter (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal. -- n.

Defn: One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.

HYPONASTIC Hy`po*nas"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf. Epinastic.

HYPONASTY Hy`po*nas"ty, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Downward convexity, or convexity of the inferior surface.

HYPONITRITE Hy`po*ni"trite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hyponitrous acid.

HYPONITROUS Hy`po*ni"trous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds. Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; -- called also nitrosylic acid.

HYPOPHARYNX Hy`po*phar"ynx, n. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Pharynx.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects.

HYPOPHOSPHATE Hy`po*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hypophosphoric acid.

HYPOPHOSPHITE Hy`po*phos"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hypophosphorous acid.

HYPOPHOSPHORIC Hy`po*phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + phosphoric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric acid. Hypophosphoric acid (Chem.), an acid, P2H4O6, produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration.

HYPOPHOSPHOROUS Hy`po*phos"phor*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + phosphorous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid. Hypophosphorous acid (Chem.) , an acid, H3PO2, whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.

HYPOPHYLLOUS Hy*poph"yl*lous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.

HYPOPHYSIAL Hy`po*phys"i*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary.

HYPOPHYSIS Hy*poph"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

1. (Anat.)

Defn: See Pituitary body, under Pituitary.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Cataract.

HYPOPLASTRON Hy`po*plas"tron, n.; pl. Hypoplastra. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + plastron.] (Anat.)

Defn: The third lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; -- called also hyposternum.

HYPOPTILUM Hy*pop"ti*lum, n.; pl. L. Hypoptila, E. Hypoptilums. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; -- called also aftershaft. See Illust. of Feather.

HYPORADIUS Hy`po*ra"di*us, n.; pl. Hyporadii. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + radius.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. See Feather.

HYPORHACHIS Hy`po*rha"chis, n.; pl. Hyporhachides. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum. [Written also hyporachis.]

HYPOSKELETAL Hy`po*skel"e*tal, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + skeletal.] (Anat.)

Defn: Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as, the hyposkeletal muscles; -- opposed to episkeletal.

HYPOSPADIAS Hy`po*spa"di*as, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface.

HYPOSTASIS Hy*pos"ta*sis, n.; pl. Hypostases. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypo-, and Stand.]

1. That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.

2. (Theol.)

Defn: Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; -- used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Note: The Council of Alexandria (a.d. 362) defined hypostasis as synonymous with person. Schaff-Herzog.

3. Principle; an element; -- used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies.

4. (Med.)

Defn: That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.

HYPOSTASIZE Hy*pos"ta*size, v. t.

Defn: To make into a distinct substance; to conceive or treat as an existing being; to hypostatize. [R.] The pressed Newtonians . . . refused to hypostasize the law of gravitation into an ether. Coleridge.

HYPOSTATIC; HYPOSTATICAL Hy`po*stat"ic, Hy`po*stat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr. hypostatique.]

1. Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary. The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles. Boyle.

2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances. Bp. Pearson.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as, hypostatic cognestion, cognestion due to setting of blood by gravitation. Hypostatic union (Theol.), the union of the divine with the human nature of Christ. Tillotson.

HYPOSTATICALLY Hy`po*stat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a hypostatic manner.

HYPOSTATIZE Hy*pos"ta*tize, v. t.

1. To make into, or regarded as, a separate and distinct substance. Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized universals. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

2. To attribute actual or personal existence to. Sir W. Hamilton.

HYPOSTERNUM Hy`po*ster"num, n.; pl. L. Hyposterna, E. Hyposternums. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + sternum.] (Anat.)

Defn: See Hypoplastron.

HYPOSTOME; HYPOSTOMA Hy"po*stome, Hy*pos"to*ma, n. Etym: [NL. hypostoma, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc.

HYPOSTROPHE Hy*pos"tro*phe, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) (a) The act of a patient turning himself. (b) A relapse, or return of a disease.

HYPOSTYLE Hy"po*style, a. Etym: [Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; -- especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.

HYPOSULPHATE Hy`po*sul"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of hyposulphuric acid.

HYPOSULPHITE Hy`po*sul"phite, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate. [Obs.] (b) A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.

HYPOSULPHURIC Hy`po*sul*phur"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid. Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts; -- called also dithionic acid. See Dithionic.

HYPOSULPHUROUS Hy`po*sul"phur*ous, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + sulphurous.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation. Hyposulphurous acid. (a) Thiosulphuric acid. [Obs.] (b) An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent. Called also hydrosulphurous acid.

HYPOTARSUS Hy`po*tar"sus, n.; pl. Hypotarsi. Etym: [NL. See Hypo-, and Tarsus.] (Anat.)

Defn: A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process. -- Hy`po*tar"sal, a.

HYPOTENUSE; HYPOTHENUSE Hy*pot"e*nuse, Hy*poth"e*nuse, n. Etym: [L. hypotenusa, Gr. Subtend.] (Geom.)

Defn: The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.

HYPOTHEC Hy*poth"ec, n. Etym: [F. hypothèque. See Hypotheca.] (Scot. Law)

Defn: A landlord's right, independently of stipulation, over the stocking (cattle, implements, etc.), and crops of his tenant, as security for payment of rent.

HYPOTHECA Hy`po*the"ca, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. Hypothesis.] (Rom. Law)

Defn: An obligation by which property of a debtor was made over to his creditor in security of his debt.

Note: It differed from pledge in regard to possession of the property subject to the obligation; pledge requiring, simple hypotheca not requiring, possession of it by the creditor. The modern mortgage corresponds very closely with it. Kent.

HYPOTHECATE Hy*poth"e*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hypothecated; p. pr. & vb. n. Hypothecating.] Etym: [LL. hypothecatus, p.p. of hypothecare to pledge, fr. L. hypotheca pledge, security. See Hypotheca.] (Law)

Defn: To subject, as property, to liability for a debt or engagement without delivery of possession or transfer of title; to pledge without delivery of possession; to mortgage, as ships, or other personal property; to make a contract by bottomry. See Hypothecation, Bottomry. He had found the treasury empty and the pay of the navy in arrear. He had no power to hypothecate any part of the public revenue. Those who lent him money lent it on no security but his bare word. Macaulay.

HYPOTHECATION Hy*poth`e*ca"tion, n. Etym: [LL. hypothecatio.]

1. (Civ. Law)

Defn: The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or jus in re. Pothier. B. R. Curtis. There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an hypothecation, in the strict sense of the Roman law, exists; that is a pledge without possession by the pledgee. Story.

Note: In the modern civil law, this contract has no application to movable property, not even to ships, to which and their cargoes it is most frequently applied in England and America. See Hypothecate. B. R. Curtis. Domat.

2. (Law of Shipping)

Defn: A contract whereby, in consideration of money advanced for the necessities of the ship, the vessel, freight, or cargo is made liable for its repayment, provided the ship arrives in safety. It is usually effected by a bottomry bond. See Bottomry.

Note: This term is often applied to mortgages of ships.

HYPOTHECATOR Hy*poth"e*ca`tor, n. (Law)

Defn: One who hypothecates or pledges anything as security for the repayment of money borrowed.

HYPOTHENAL; HYPOTHENAR Hy*poth"e*nal, Hy*poth"e*nar, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + thenar.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the prominent part of the palm of the hand above the base of the little finger, or a corresponding part in the forefoot of an animal; as, the hypothenar eminence.

HYPOTHENAR Hy*poth"e*nar, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The hypothenar eminence.

HYPOTHENUSAL Hy*poth`e*nu"sal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hypothenuse. [R.]

HYPOTHENUSE Hy*poth"e*nuse, n.

Defn: Same as Hypotenuse.

HYPOTHESIS Hy*poth"e*sis, n.; pl. Hypotheses. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Hypo-, Thesis.]

1. A supposition; a proposition or principle which is supposed or taken for granted, in order to draw a conclusion or inference for proof of the point in question; something not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument, or to account for a fact or an occurrence; as, the hypothesis that head winds detain an overdue steamer. An hypothesis being a mere supposition, there are no other limits to hypotheses than those of the human imagination. J. S. Mill.

2. (Natural Science)

Defn: A tentative theory or supposition provisionally adopted to explain certain facts, and to guide in the investigation of others; hence, frequently called a working hypothesis.

Syn. -- Supposition; assumption. See Theory. Nebular hypothesis. See under Nebular.

HYPOTHETIC; HYPOTHETICAL Hy`po*thet"ic, Hy`po*thet"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. hypotheticus, Gr. hypothétique.]

Defn: Characterized by, or of the nature of, an hypothesis; conditional; assumed without proof, for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof, or of accounting for some fact or phenomenon. Causes hypothetical at least, if not real, for the various phenomena of the existence of which our experience informs us. Sir W. Hamilton. Hypothetical baptism (Ch. of Eng.), baptism administered to persons in respect to whom it is doubtful whether they have or have not been baptized before. Hook. -- Hy`po*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. South.

HYPOTHETIST Hy*poth"e*tist, n.

Defn: One who proposes or supports an hypothesis. [R.]

HYPOTRACHELIUM Hy`po*tra*che"li*um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Gorgerin.

HYPOTRICHA Hy*pot"ri*cha, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of ciliated Infusoria in which the cilia cover only the under side of the body.

HYPOTROCHOID Hy`po*tro"choid, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + trochoid.] (Geom.)

Defn: A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See Hypocycloid, Epicycloid, and Trochoid.

HYPOTYPOSIS Hy`po*ty*po"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Rhet.)

Defn: A vivid, picturesque description of scenes or events.

HYPOXANTHIN Hy`po*xan"thin, n. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; -- called also sarcin, sarkin.

HYPOZOIC Hy`po*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Geol.)

Defn: Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic remains. Lyell.

HYPPISH Hyp"pish, a. Etym: [From Hyp.]

Defn: Affected with hypochondria; hypped. [Written also hyppish.]

HYPPOGRIFF Hyp"po*griff, n.

Defn: See Hyppogriff.

HYPSILOID Hyp"si*loid, a. Etym: [From -oid.] (Anat.)

Defn: Resembling the Greek letter

HYPSOMETER Hyp*som"e*ter, n. Etym: [Gr. -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition.

HYPSOMETRIC; HYPSOMETRICAL Hyp`so*met"ric, Hyp`so*met"ric*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to hypsometry.

HYPSOMETRY Hyp*som"e*try, n.

Defn: That branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea level, or relatively.

HYPURAL Hy*pu"ral, a. Etym: [Pref. hypo- + Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Under the tail; -- applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most fishes.

HYRACOID Hy"ra*coid, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea. -- n.

Defn: One of the Hyracoidea.

HYRACOIDEA Hyr`a*coi"de*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Hyrax, and oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus Hyrax.

HYRAX Hy"rax, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)