Chapter CLXXXV: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (6)

3. Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a full face; the full moon. It came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh dreamed. Gen. xii. 1. The man commands Like a full soldier. Shak. I can not Request a fuller satisfaction Than you have freely granted. Ford.

4. Sated; surfeited. I am full of the burnt offerings of rams. Is. i. 11.

5. Having the mind filled with ideas; stocked with knowledge; stored with information. Reading maketh a full man. Bacon.

6. Having the attention, thoughts, etc., absorbed in any matter, and the feelings more or less excited by it, as, to be full of some project. Every one is full of the miracles done by cold baths on decayed and weak constitutions. Locke.

7. Filled with emotions. The heart is so full that a drop overfills it. Lowell.

8. Impregnated; made pregnant. [Obs.] Ilia, the fair, . . . full of Mars. Dryden. At full, when full or complete. Shak. -- Full age (Law) the age at which one attains full personal rights; majority; -- in England and the United States the age of 21 years. Abbott. -- Full and by (Naut.), sailing closehauled, having all the sails full, and lying as near the wind as poesible. -- Full band (Mus.), a band in which all the instruments are employed. -- Full binding, the binding of a book when made wholly of leather, as distinguished from half binding. -- Full bottom, a kind of wig full and large at the bottom. -- Full brother or sister, a brother or sister having the same parents as another. -- Full cry (Hunting), eager chase; -- said of hounds that have caught the scent, and give tongue together. -- Full dress, the dress prescribed by authority or by etiquette to be worn on occasions of ceremony. -- Full hand (Poker), three of a kind and a pair. -- Full moon. (a) The moon with its whole disk illuminated, as when opposite to the sun. (b) The time when the moon is full. -- Full organ (Mus.), the organ when all or most stops are out. -- Full score (Mus.), a score in which all the parts for voices and instruments are given. -- Full sea, high water. -- Full swing, free course; unrestrained liberty; "Leaving corrupt nature to . . . the full swing and freedom of its own extravagant actings." South (Colloq.) -- In full, at length; uncontracted; unabridged; written out in words, and not indicated by figures. -- In full blast. See under Blast.

FULL Full, n.

Defn: Complete measure; utmost extent; the highest state or degree. The swan's-down feather, That stands upon the swell at full of tide. Shak. Full of the moon, the time of full moon.

FULL Full, adv.

Defn: Quite; to the same degree; without abatement or diminution; with the whole force or effect; thoroughly; completely; exactly; entirely. The pawn I proffer shall be full as good. Dryden. The diapason closing full in man. Dryden. Full in the center of the sacred wood. Addison.

Note: Full is placed before adjectives and adverbs to heighten or strengthen their signification. "Full sad." Milton. "Master of a full poor cell." Shak. "Full many a gem of purest ray serene." T. Gray. Full is also prefixed to participles to express utmost extent or degree; as, full-bloomed, full-blown, full-crammed full-grown, full- laden, full-stuffed, etc. Such compounds, for the most part, are self-defining.

FULL Full, v. i.

Defn: To become full or wholly illuminated; as, the moon fulls at midnight.

FULL Full, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fulled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulling.] Etym: [OE. fullen, OF. fuler, fouler, F. fouler, LL. fullare, fr. L. fullo fuller, cloth fuller, cf. Gr. fullian to whiten as a fuller, to baptize, fullere a fuller. Cf. Defile to foul, Foil to frustrate, Fuller. n. ]

Defn: To thicken by moistening, heating, and pressing, as cloth; to mill; to make compact; to scour, cleanse, and thicken in a mill.

FULL Full, v. i.

Defn: To become fulled or thickened; as, this material fulls well.

FULLAGE Full"age, n.

Defn: The money or price paid for fulling or cleansing cloth. Johnson.

FULLAM Ful"lam, n.

Defn: A false die. See Fulham.

FULL-BLOODED Full"-blood`ed, a.

1. Having a full supply of blood.

2. Of pure blood; thoroughbred; as, a full-blooded horse.

FULL-BLOOMED Full"-bloomed`, a.

Defn: Like a perfect blossom. "Full-bloomed lips." Crashaw.

FULL-BLOWN Full"-blown`, a.

1. Fully expanded, as a blossom; as, a full-bloun rose. Denham.

2. Fully distended with wind, as a sail. Dryden.

FULL-BOTTOMED Full"-bot"tomed, a.

1. Full and large at the bottom, as wigs worn by certain civil officers in Great Britain.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: Of great capacity below the water line.

FULL-BUTT Full"-butt", adv.

Defn: With direct and violentop position; with sudden collision. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

FULL-DRIVE Full`-drive", adv.

Defn: With full speed. [Colloq.]

FULLER Full"er, n. Etym: [AS. fullere, fr. L. fullo. See Full, v. t.]

Defn: One whose occupation is to full cloth. Fuller's earth, a variety of clay, used in scouring and cleansing cloth, to imbibe grease. -- Fuller's herb (Bot.), the soapwort (Saponaria officinalis), formerly used to remove stains from cloth. -- Fuller's thistle or weed (Bot.), the teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs are used by fullers in dressing cloth. See Teasel.

FULLER Full"er, n. Etym: [From Full, a.] (Blacksmith's Work)

Defn: A die; a half-round set hammer, used for forming grooves and spreading iron; -- called also a creaser.

FULLER Full"er, v. t.

Defn: To form a groove or channel in, by a fuller or set hammer; as, to fuller a bayonet.

FULLERY Full"er*y, n.; pl. Fulleries (.

Defn: The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on.

FULL-FORMED Full"-formed`, a.

Defn: Full in form or shape; rounded out with flesh. The full-formed maids of Afric. Thomson.

FULL-GROWN Full"-grown`, a.

Defn: Having reached the limits of growth; mature. "Full-grown wings." Lowell.

FULL-HEARTED Full"-heart`ed, a.

Defn: Full of courage or confidence. Shak.

FULL-HOT Full"-hot`, a.

Defn: Very fiery. Shak.

FULL HOUSE Full house. (Poker)

Defn: A hand containing three of a kind and a pair, as three kings and two tens. It ranks above a flush and below four of a kind.

FULLING Full"ing, n.

Defn: The process of cleansing, shrinking, and thickening cloth by moisture, heat, and pressure. Fulling mill, a mill for fulling cloth as by means of pesties or stampers, which alternately fall into and rise from troughs where the cloth is placed with hot water and fuller's earth, or other cleansing materials.

FULL-MANNED Full"-manned`, a.

Defn: Completely furnished wiith men, as a ship.

FULLMART Full"mart", n.

Defn: See Foumart. B. Jonson.

FULLNESS Full"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being full, or of abounding; abundance; completeness. [Written also fulness.] "In thy presence is fullness of joy." Ps. xvi. 11.

FULLONICAL Ful*lon"i*cal, a. Etym: [L. fullonicus, from fullo a cloth fuller.]

Defn: Pertaining to a fuller of cloth. [Obs.] Blount.

FULL-ORBED Full"-orbed` (, a.

Defn: Having the orb or disk complete or fully illuminated; like the full moon.

FULL-SAILED Full"-sailed`, a.

Defn: Having all its sails set,; hence, without restriction or reservation. Massinger.

FULL-WINGED Full"-winged`, a.

1. Having large and strong or complete wings. Shak.

2. Beady for flight; eager. [Archaic] Beau. & Fl.

FULLY Ful"ly, adv.

Defn: In a full manner or degree; completely; entirely; without lack or defect; adequately; satisfactorily; as, to be fully persuaded of the truth of a proposition. Fully committed (Law), committed to prison for trial, in distinction from being detained for examination.

Syn. -- Completely; entirely; maturely; plentifuly; abundantly; plenteously; copiously; largely; amply; sufficiently; perfectly.

FULMAR Ful"mar (fûlmär), n. Etym: [Icel. fulmar. See foul, and Man a gull.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species of sea birds, of the family procellariidæ, allied to the albatrosses and petrels. Among the well- known species are the arctic fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) (called also fulmar petrel, malduck, and mollemock), and the giant fulmar (Ossifraga gigantea).

FULMINANT Ful"mi*nant, a. Etym: [L. fulminans, p. pr. of fulminare to lighten: cf. F. fulminant.]

Defn: Thundering; fulminating. [R.] Bailey.

FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fulminated; p. pr. & vb. n. Fulminating.] Etym: [L. fulminatus, p. p. of fulminare to lighten, strike with lightning, fr. fulmen thunderbolt, fr. fulgere to shine. See Fulgent, and cf. Fulmine.]

1. To thunder; hence, to make a loud, sudden noise; to detonate; to explode with a violent report.

2. To issue or send forth decrees or censures with the assumption of supreme authority; to thunder forth menaces.

FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, v. t.

1. To cause to explode. Sprat.

2. To utter or send out with denunciations or censures; -- said especially of menaces or censures uttered by ecclesiastical authority. They fulminated the most hostile of all decrees. De Quincey.

FULMINATE Ful"mi*nate, n. Etym: [Cf. P. fulminate. See Fulminate, v. i.] (Chem.) (a) A salt of fulminic acid. See under Fulminic. (b) A fulminating powder. Fulminate of gold, an explosive compound of gold; -- called also fulminating gold, and aurum fulminans.

FULMINATING Ful"mi*na"ting, a.

1. Thundering; exploding in a peculiarly sudden or violent manner.

2. Hurling denunciations, menaces, or censures. Fulminating oil, nitroglycerin. -- Fulminating powder (Chem.) any violently explosive powder, but especially one of the fulminates, as mercuric fulminate.

FULMINATION Ful"mi*na`tion, n. Etym: [L. fulminatio a darting of lightning: cf. F. fulmination.]

1. The act of fulminating or exploding; detonation.

2. The act of thundering forth threats or censures, as with authority.

3. That which is fulminated or thundered forth; vehement menace or censure. The fulminations from the Vatican were turned into ridicule. Ayliffe.

FULMINATORY Ful"mi*na*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fulminatoire.]

Defn: Thundering; striking terror. Cotgrave.

FULMINE Ful"mine, v. i. Etym: [F. fulminer. See Fulminate, v.]

Defn: To thunder. [Obs.] Spenser. Milton.

FULMINE Ful"mine, v. t.

Defn: To shoot; to dart like lightning; to fulminate; to utter with authority or vehemence. She fulmined out her scorn of laws Salique. Tennyson.

FULMINEOUS Ful*min"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. fulmen thunder.]

Defn: Of, or concerning thunder.

FULMINIC Ful*min"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fulminique.]

Defn: Pertaining to fulmination; detonating; specifically (Chem.), pertaining to, derived from, or denoting, an acid, so called; as, fulminic acid. Fulminic acid (Chem.), a complex acid, H2C2N2O2, isomeric with cyanic and cyanuric acids, and not known in the free state, but forming a large class of highly explosive salts, the fulminates. Of these, mercuric fulminate, the most common, is used, mixed with niter, to fill percussion caps, charge cartridges, etc. -- Fulminic acid is made by the action of nitric acid on alcohol.

FULMINURIC Ful"mi*nu"ric, a. Etym: [Fulminic + cyanuric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to fulminic and cyanuric acids, and designating an acid so called. Fulminuric acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, explosive subatance, H3C3N3O3, forming well known salts, and obtained from the fulnunates. It is isomeric with cyanuric acid, and hence is also called isocyanuric acid.

FULNESS Ful"ness, n.

Defn: See Fullness.

FULNESS Ful"ness, n.

Defn: See Fullness.

FULSAMIC Ful*sam"ic, a. Etym: [See Fulsome.]

Defn: Fulsome. [Obs.]

FULSOME Ful"some, a. Etym: [Full, a. + -some.]

1. Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Obs.] His lean, pale, hoar, and withered corpse grew fulsome, fair, and fresh. Golding.

2. Offending or disgusting by overfullness, excess, or grossness; cloying; gross; nauseous; esp., offensive from excess of praise; as, fulsome flattery. And lest the fulsome artifice should fail Themselves will hide its coarseness with a veil. Cowper.

3. Lustful; wanton; obscene; also, tending to obscenity. [Obs.] "Fulsome ewes." Shak. -- Ful"some*ly, adv. -- Ful"some*ness, n. Dryden.

FULVID Ful"vid, a. Etym: [LL. fulvidus, fr. L. fulvus.]

Defn: Fulvous. [R.] Dr. H. More.

FULVOUS Ful"vous, a. Etym: [L. fulvus.]

Defn: Tawny; dull yellow, with a mixture of gray and brown. Lindley.

FUM Fum, v. i.

Defn: To play upon a fiddle. [Obs.] Follow me, and fum as you go. B. Jonson.

FUMACIOUS Fu*ma"cious, a. Etym: [From Fume.]

Defn: Smoky; hence, fond of smoking; addicted to smoking tobacco.

FUMADE; FUMADO Fu*made", Fu*ma"do (, n.; pl. Fumades, Fumadoes. Etym: [Sp. fumodo smoked, p. p. of fumar to smoke, fr. L. fumare. See Fume, v. i.]

Defn: A salted and smoked fish, as the pilchard.

FUMAGE Fu"mage, n. Etym: [OF. fumage, fumaige, fr. L. fumus smoke.]

Defn: Hearth money. Fumage, or fuage, vulgarly called smoke farthings. Blackstone.

FUMARATE Fu"ma*rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of fumaric acid.

FUMARIC Fu*mar"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, fumitory (Fumaria officinalis). Fumaric acid (Chem.), a widely occurring organic acid, exttracted from fumitory as a white crystallline substance, C2H2(CO2H)2, and produced artificially in many ways, as by the distillation of malic acid; boletic acid. It is found also in the lichen, Iceland moss, and hence was also called lichenic acid.

FUMARINE Fu"ma*rine, n. Etym: [L. fumus smoke, fume.] (Chem.)

Defn: An alkaloid extracted from fumitory, as a white crystalline substance.

FUMAROLE Fu"ma*role, n. Etym: [It. fumaruola, fr. fumo smoke, L. fumus: cf. F. fumerolle, fumarolle.]

Defn: A hole or spot in a volcanic or other region, from which fumes issue.

FUMATORIUM Fu`ma*to"ri*um, n.; L. pl. -ria (#). [NL., fr. L. fumare, fumatum, to smoke.]

Defn: An air-tight compartment in which vapor may be generated to destroy germs or insects; esp., the apparatus used to destroy San José scale on nursery stock, with hydrocyanic acid vapor.

FUMATORY Fu"ma*to*ry, n.

Defn: See Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMBLE Fum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Fumbling.] Etym: [Akin to D. fommelen to crumple, fumble, Sw. fumla to fusuble, famla to grope, Dan. famle to grope, fumble, Icel. falme, AS. folm palm of the hand. See Feel, and cf. Fanble, Palm.]

1. To feel or grope about; to make awkward attempts to do or find something. Adams now began to fumble in his pockets. Fielding.

2. To grope about in perplexity; to seek awkwardly; as, to fumble for an excuse. Dryden. My understanding flutters and my memory fumbles. Chesterfield. Alas! how he fumbles about the domains. Wordsworth.

3. To handle much; to play childishly; to turn over and over. I saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers. Shak.

FUMBLE Fum"ble, v. t.

Defn: To handle or manage awkwardly; to crowd or tumble together. Shak.

FUMBLER Fum"bler, n.

Defn: One who fumbles.

FUMBLINGLY Fum"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of one who fumbles.

FUME Fume, n. Etym: [L. fumus; akin to Skr. dh smoke, dh to shake, fan a flame, cf. Gr. fum smoke, F. fumée. Cf. Dust, n., Femerell, Thyme.]

1. Exhalation; volatile matter (esp. noxious vapor or smoke) ascending in a dense body; smoke; vapor; reek; as, the fumes of tobacco. The fumes of new shorn hay. T. Warton. The fumes of undigested wine. Dryden.

2. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control; as, the fumes of passion. South.

3. Anything vaporlike, unsubstantial, or' airy; idle conceit; vain imagination. A show of fumes and fancies. Bacon.

4. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery. To smother him with fumes and eulogies. Burton. In a fume, in ill temper, esp. from impatience.

FUME Fume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Fumed; p. pr. & vb. n. Fuming.] Etym: [Cf. F. fumer, L. fumare to smoke. See Fume, n.]

1. To smoke; to throw off fumes, as in combustion or chemical action; to rise up, as vapor. Where the golden altar fumed. Milton. Silenus lay, Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain. Roscommon.

2. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied. Keep his brain fuming. Shak.

3. To pass off in fumes or vapors. Their parts pre kept from fuming away by their fixity. Cheyne.

4. To be in a rage; to be hot with anger. He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground. Dryden. While her mother did fret, and her father did fume. Sir W. Scott. To tame away, to give way to excitement and displeasure; to storm; also, to pass off in fumes.

FUME Fume, e. t.

1. To expose to the action of fumes; to treat with vapors, smoke, etc.; as, to bleach straw by fuming it with sulphur; to fill with fumes, vapors, odors, etc., as a room. She fumed the temple with an odorous flame. Dryden.

2. To praise inordinately; to flatter. They demi-deify and fume him so. Cowper.

3. To throw off in vapor, or as in the form of vapor. The heat will fume away most of the scent. Montimer. How vicious hearts fume frenzy to the brain! Young.

FUMED OAK Fumed oak. (Cabinetwork)

Defn: Oak given a weathered appearance by exposure in an air-tight compartment to fumes of ammonia from uncorked cans, being first given a coat of filler.

FUMELESS Fume"less, a.

Defn: Free from fumes.

FUMER Fum"er, n.

1. One that fumes.

2. One who makes or uses perfumes. [Obs.] Embroiderers, feather makers, fumers. Beau. & Fl.

FUMERELL Fu"mer*ell, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See Femerell.

FUMET Fu"met, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fumier dung, OF. femier, fr. L. fimus dung.]

Defn: The dung of deer. B. Jonson.

FUMET; FUMETTE Fu"met Fu*mette", n. Etym: [F. fumet odor, fume of wine or meat, fr. L. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]

Defn: The stench or high flavor of game or other meat when kept long. Swift.

FUMETERE Fu"me*tere", n.

Defn: Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMID Fu"mid, a. Etym: [L. fumidus, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.]

Defn: Smoky; vaporous. Sir T. Broune.

FUMIDITY; FUMIDNESS Fu*mid"i*ty, Fu"mid*ness n.

Defn: The state of being fumid; smokiness.

FUMIFEROUS Fu*mif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. fumifer; fumus smoke + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Producing smoke.

FUMIFUGIST Fu*mif"u*gist, n. Etym: [L. fumus smoke + fugare to put to flight, fugere to flee.]

Defn: One who, or that which, drives away smoke or fumes.

FUMIFY Fu"mi*fy, v. t. Etym: [Fume + -fy.]

Defn: To subject to the action of smoke. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FUMIGANT Fu"mi*gant, a. Etym: [L. fumigans, p. pr. of fumigare. See Fumigate.]

Defn: Fuming. [R.]

FUMIGATE Fu"mi*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Fumigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Fumigating.] Etym: [L. fumigate, p. p. of fumigare to fumigate, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume, n.]

1. To apply smoke to; to expose to smoke or vapor; to purify, or free from infection, by the use of smoke or vapors.

2. To smoke; to perfume. Dryden.

FUMIGATION Fum`iga"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fumigation.]

1. The act of fumigating, or applying smoke or vapor, as for disinfection.

2. Vapor raised in the process of fumigating.

FUMIGATOR Fu"mi*ga`tor, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, fumigates; an apparattus for fumigating.

FUMIGATORY Fu"mi*ga*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fumigatoire.]

Defn: Having the quality of purifying by smoke. [R.]

FUMILY Fum"i*ly, adv.

Defn: Smokily; with fume.

FUMING Fum"ing, a.

Defn: Producing fumes, or vapors. Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin. -- Fuming liquor of Libsvius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called butter of tin. -- Fuming sulphuric acid. (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder Disulphuric.

FUMINGLY Fum"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a fuming manner; angrily. "They answer fumingly." Hooker.

FUMISH Fum"ish, a.

Defn: Smoky; hot; choleric.

FUMISH Fum"ish, a.

Defn: Smoky; hot; choleric.

FUMISHNESS Fum"ish*ness, n.

Defn: Choler; fretfulness; passion.

FUMITER Fu"mi*ter`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Fumitory. [Obs.]

FUMITORY Fu"mi*to*ry, n. Etym: [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See Fume, and Terrace.] (Bot.)

Defn: The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic. Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.

FUMMEL Fum"mel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A hinny.

FUMOSITY Fu*mos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. fumosité.]

Defn: The fumes of drink. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FUMOUS Fum"ous, a. Etym: [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.]

1. Producing smoke; smoky.

2. Producing fumes; full of fumes. Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things. Barough (1625).

FUMY Fum"y, a.

Defn: Producing fumes; fumous. "Drowned in fumy wine." H. Brooke.

FUN Fun, n. Etym: [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.]

Defn: Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. "Oddity, frolic, and fun." Goldsmith. To make fan of, to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.

FUNAMBULATE Fu*nam"bu*late, v. i. Etym: [See Funambulo.]

Defn: To walk or to dance on a rope.

FUNAMBULATION Fu*nam"bu*la`tion, n.

Defn: Ropedancing.

FUNAMBULATORY Fu*nam"bu*la`to*ry, a.

1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.

2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer. This funambulatory track. Sir T. Browne.

FUNAMBULIST Fu*nam"bu*list, n.

Defn: A ropewalker or ropedancer.

FUNAMBULO; FUNAMBULUS Fu*nam"bu*lo, Fu*nam"bu*lus n. Etym: [Sp. funambulo, or It. funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) + ambulare to walk. See Amble, and cf. Funambulist.]

Defn: A ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.

FUNCTION Func"tion, n. Etym: [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf. Defunct.]

1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; per formance. "In the function of his public calling." Swift.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.

3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind. As the mind opens, and its functions spread. Pope.

4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession. Tradesmen . . . going about their functions. Shak. The malady which made him incapable of performing his regal functions. Macaulay.

5. (Math.)

Defn: A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x. Algebraic function, a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental function. -- Arbitrary function. See under Arbitrary. -- Calculus of functions. See under Calculus. -- Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. -- Circular functions. See Inverse trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits. -- Discontinuous function. See under Discontinuous. -- Elliptic functions, a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith. -- Explicit function, a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y = 10 -x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x. -- Implicit function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2 = 100 is an implicit function of x. -- Inverse trigonometrical functions, or Circular function, the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin - 1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc. -- One-valued function, a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. -- Transcendental functions, a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function (above). -- Trigonometrical function, a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.

FUNCTION; FUNCTIONATE Func"tion, Func"tion*ate, v. i.

Defn: To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.

FUNCTIONAL Func"tion*al, a.

1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general. Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.

FUNCTIONALIZE Func"tion*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To assign to some function or office. [R.]

FUNCTIONALLY Func"tion*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity. The organ is said to be functionally disordered. Lawrence.

FUNCTIONARY Func"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Functionaries. Etym: [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.]

Defn: One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.

FUNCTIONLESS Func"tion*less, a.

Defn: Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.

FUND Fund, n. Etym: [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See Found to establish.]

1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.

2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.

3. pl.

Defn: The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.

4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.

5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense. An inexhaustible fund of stories. Macaulay. Sinking fund, the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.

FUND Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.]

1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.

2. To place in a fund, as money.

3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.

FUNDABLE Fund"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.

FUNDAMENT Fun"da*ment, n. Etym: [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF. fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation, fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See Fund.]

1. Foundation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically (Anat.), the anus. Hume.

FUNDAMENTAL Fun`da*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. fondamental.]

Defn: Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; as, a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom. The fundamental reasons of this war. Shak. Some fundamental antithesis in nature. Whewell. Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones of the chords. -- Fundamental chord (Mus.), a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root. -- Fundamental colors, red, green, and violet-blue. See Primary colors, under Color.

FUNDAMENTAL Fun"da*men`tal, n.

Defn: A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, as, the fundamentals of the Christian faith.

FUNDAMENTALLY Fun`da*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin or constituents. "Fundamentally defective." Burke.

FUNDED Fund"ed, a.

1. Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; as, funded debt.

2. Invested in public funds; as, funded money.

FUNDHOLDER Fund"hold"er, a.

Defn: One who has money invested in the public funds. J. S. Mill.

FUNDING Fund"ing, a.

1. Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a debt.

2. Investing in the public funds. Funding system, a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public debt.

FUNDLESS Fund"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of funds.

FUNDUS Fun"dus, n. Etym: [L., bottom.] (Anat.)

Defn: The bottom or base of any hollow organ; as, the fundus of the bladder; the fundus of the eye.

FUNEBRIAL Fu*ne"bri*al, a. Etym: [L. funebris belonging to a funeral, fr. funus funeral.]

Defn: Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal. [Obs.] [Written also funebral.] Sir T. Browne.

FUNEBRIOUS Fu*ne"bri*ous, a.

Defn: Funebrial. [Obs.]

FUNERAL Fu"ner*al, n. Etym: [LL. funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of a funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral: cf. F. funérailles.]

1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural. King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the collegiate church at Westminster. Euller.

2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment. "The long funerals." Pope.

3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.] Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals. South.

FUNERAL Fu"ner*al, a. Etym: [LL. funeralis. See Funeral, n.]

Defn: Per. taining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak. Funeral pile, a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre. -- Fu"ner*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

FUNERATE Fu"ner*ate, v. t. Etym: [L. funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate, fr. funus. See Funeral.]

Defn: To bury with funeral rites. [Obs.] Cockeram.

FUNERATION Fu`ner*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. funeratio.]

Defn: The act of burying with funeral rites. [Obs.] Knatchbull.

FUNEREAL Fu*ne"re*al, a. Etym: [L. funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.]

Defn: Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful. Jer. Taylor. What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant lamps. Longfellow. -- Fu*ne"re*al*ly, adv.

FUNEST Fu*nest", a. Etym: [L. funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction: cf. F. funeste.]

Defn: Lamentable; doleful. [R.] "Funest and direful deaths." Coleridge. A forerunner of something very funest. Evelyn.

FUNGAL Fun"gal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to fungi.

FUNGATE Fun"gate, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fongate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of fungic acid. [Formerly written also fungiate.]

FUNGE Funge, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom, dolt.]

Defn: A blockhead; a dolt; a fool. [Obs.] Burton.

FUNGI Fun"gi, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: See Fungus.

FUNGIA Fun"gi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.

FUNGIAN Fun"gi*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Fungidæ, a family of stony corals. -- n.

Defn: One of the Fungidæ.

FUNGIBLES Fun"gi*bles, n. pl. Etym: [LL. (res) fungibiles, probably fr. L. fungi to discharge. "A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of the words functionem recipere in the Digeste." Bouvier. "Called fungibiles, quia una alterius vice fungitur." John Taylor (1755). Cf. Function.]

1. (Civ. Law)

Defn: Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as distinguished from specific things; -- called also fungible things. Burrill.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually. Jamieson.

FUNGIC Fun"gic, a. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique, fongique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.

FUNGICIDE Fun"gi*cide`, n. Etym: [Fungi + -cide, fr. L. caedere to kill.]

Defn: Anything that kills fungi. -- Fun`gi*ci"dal, n.

FUNGIFORM Fun"gi*form, a. Etym: [Eungus + -form: cf. F. fongiforme.]

Defn: Shaped like a fungus or mushroom. Fungiform papillæ (Anat.), numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.

FUNGI IMPERFECTI Fun"gi Im`per*fec"ti, pl. [L. imperfecti imperfect.] (Bot.)

Defn: A heterogenous group of fungi of which the complete life history is not known. Some undoubtedly represent the conidium stages of various Ascomycetes. The group is divided into the orders Sphæropsidales, Melanconiales, and Moniliales.

FUNGILLIFORM Fun*gil"li*form, a.

Defn: Shaped like a small fungus.

FUNGIN Fun"gin, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine, fungine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and mushrooms.

FUNGITE Fun"gite, n. Etym: [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil coral resembling Fungia.

FUNGIVOROUS Fun*giv"o*rous, a. Etym: [L. fungus + vorare to eat freedily: cf. F. fangivore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.

FUNGOID Fun"goid, a. Etym: [Fungus + -oil: cf. F. fongoïde.]

Defn: Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.

FUNGOLOGIST Fun*gol"o*gist, n.

Defn: A mycologist.

FUNGOLOGY Fun*gol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Fungus + --logy.]

Defn: Mycology.

FUNGOSITY Fun*gos"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fungosité, fongosité.]

Defn: The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence. Dunglison.

FUNGOUS Fun"gous, a. Etym: [L. fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.]

1. Of the nature of fungi; spongy.

2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable.

FUNGUS Fun"gus, n.; pl. L. Fungi, E. Funguses. Etym: [L., a mushroom; perh. akin to a doubtful Gr. sponge.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any one of the Fungi, a large and very complex group of thallophytes of low organization, -- the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each.

Note: The fungi are all destitute of chorophyll, and, therefore, to be supplied with elaborated nourishment, must live as saprophytes or parasites. They range in size from single microscopic cells to systems of entangled threads many feet in extent, which develop reproductive bodies as large as a man's head. The vegetative system consists of septate or rarely unseptate filaments called hyphæ; the aggregation of hyphæ into structures of more or less definite form is known as the mycelium. See Fungi, in the Supplement.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A spongy, morbid growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of wounds. Hoblyn.

FUNIC Fu"nic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Funicular.

FUNICLE Fu"ni*cle, n. Etym: [L. funiculus, dim. of funis cord, rope: cf. F. funicule funicle (in sense 2). Cf. Funambulo.] (Bot.)

1. A small cord, ligature, or fiber.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The little stalk that attaches a seed to the placenta.

FUNICULAR Fu*nic"u*lar, a. Etym: [Cf. F. funiculaire.]

1. Consisting of a small cord or fiber.

2. Dependent on the tension of a cord.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a funiculus; made up of, or resembling, a funiculus, or funiculi; as, a funicular ligament. Funicular action (Mech.), the force or action exerted by a rope in drawing together the supports to which its ends are Fastened, when acted upon by forces applied in a direction transverse to the rope, as in the archer's bow. -- Funicular curve. Same as Catenary. -- Funicular machine (Mech.), an apparatus for illustrating certain principles in statics, consisting of a cord or chain attached at one end to a fixed point, and having the other passed over a pulley and sustaining a weight, while one or more other weights are suspended from the cord at points between the fixed support and the pulley. -- Funicular polygon (Mech.), the polygonal figure assumed by a cord fastened at its extremities, and sustaining weights at different points.

FUNICULATE Fu*nic"u*late, a.

Defn: Forming a narrow ridge.

FUNICULUS Fu*nic"u*lus, n.; pl. Funiculi. Etym: [L., a little cord. See Funicle.]

1. (Anat.) A cord, baud, or bundle of fibers; esp., one of the small bundles of fibers, of which large nerves are made up; applied also to different bands of white matter in the brain and spinal cord.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A short cord which connects the embryo of some myriapods with the amnion. (b) In Bryozoa, an organ extending back from the stomach. See Bryozoa, and Phylactolema.

FUNILIFORM Fu*nil"i*form, a. Etym: [L. funis rope + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Resembling a cord in toughness and flexibility, as the roots of some endogenous trees.

FUNIS Fu"nis, n. Etym: [L., a rope. ]

Defn: A cord; specifically, the umbilical cord or navel string.

FUNK Funk, n. Etym: [OE. funke a little fire; akin to Prov. E. funk touchwood, G. funke spark, and perh. to Goth. f fire.]

Defn: An offensive smell; a stench. [Low]

FUNK Funk, v. t.

Defn: To envelop with an offensive smell or smoke. [Obs.] King.

FUNK Funk, v. i.

1. To emit an offensive smell; to stink.

2. To be frightened, and shrink back; to flinch; as, to funk at the edge of a precipice. [Colloq.] C. Kingsley. To funk out, to back out in a cowardly fashion. [Colloq.] To funk right out o' political strife. Lowell (Biglow Papers).

FUNK; FUNKING Funk, Funk"ing, n.

Defn: A shrinking back through fear. [Colloq.] "The horrid panic, or funk (as the men of Eton call it)." De Quincey.

FUNKY Funk"y, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, great fear, or funking. [Colloq. Eng.]

FUNNEL Fun"nel, n. Etym: [OE. funel, fonel, prob. through OF. fr, L. fundibulum, infundibulum, funnel, fr. infundere to pour in; in in + fundere to pour; cf. Armor. founil funnel, W. ffynel air hole, chimney. See Fuse, v. t.]

1. A vessel of the shape of an inverted hollow cone, terminating below in a pipe, and used for conveying liquids into a close vessel; a tunnel.

2. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance; specifically, a smoke flue or pipe; the iron chimney of a steamship or the like. Funnel box (Mining), an apparatus for collecting finely crushed ore from water. Knight. -- Funnel stay (Naut.), one of the ropes or rods steadying a steamer's funnel.

FUNNELFORM Fun"nel*form`, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Having the form of a funnel, or tunnel; that is, expanding gradually from the bottom upward, as the corolla of some flowers; infundibuliform.

FUNNY Fun"ny, a. [Compar. Funnier; superl. Funniest.] Etym: [From Fun.]

Defn: Droll; comical; amusing; laughable. Funny bone. See crazy bone, under Crazy.

FUNNY Fun"ny, n.; pl. Funnies (.

Defn: A clinkerbuit, narrow boat for sculling. [Eng.]

FUR Fur, n. Etym: [OE. furre, OF. forre, fuerre, sheatth, case, of German origin; cf. OHG. fuotar lining, case, G. futter; akin to Icel. f lining, Goth. f, scabbard; cf. Skr. p vessel, dish. The German and Icel. words also have the sense, fodder, but this was probably a different word originally. Cf. Fodder food, Fother, v. t., Forel, n.]

1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distinguished from the hair, which is longer and coarser.

2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur; peltry; as, a cargo of furs.

3. Strips of dressed skins with fur, used on garments for warmth or for ornament.

4. pl.

Defn: Articles of clothing made of fur; as, a set of furs for a lady (a collar, tippet, or cape, muff, etc.). Wrapped up in my furs. Lady M. W. Montagu.

5. Any coating considered as resembling fur; as: (a) A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever. (b) The soft, downy covering on the skin of a peach. (c) The deposit formed on the interior of boilers and other vessels by hard water.

6. (Her.)

Defn: One of several patterns or diapers used as tinctures. There are nine in all, or, according to some writers, only six. See Tincture.

FUR Fur, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to furs; bearing or made of fur; as, a fur cap; the fur trade. Fur seal (Zoöl.) one of several species of seals of the genera Callorhinus and Arclocephalus, inhabiting the North Pacific and the Antarctic oceans. They have a coat of fine and soft fur which is highly prized. The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) breeds in vast numbers on the Prybilov Islands, off the coast of Alaska; -- called also sea bear.

FUR Fur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furred; p. pr. & vb. n. Furring.]

1. To line, face, or cover with fur; as, furred robes. "You fur your gloves with reason." Shak.

2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue.

3. (Arch.) To nail small strips of board or larger scantling upon, in order to make a level surface for lathing or boarding, or to provide for a space or interval back of the plastered or boarded surface, as inside an outer wall, by way of protection against damp. Gwill.

FURACIOUS Fu*ra"cious, a. Etym: [L. furax, -racis thievish, from fur thief.]

Defn: Given to theft; thievish. [Obs.]

FURACITY Fu*rac"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. furacitas.]

Defn: Addictedness to theft; thievishness. [Obs.]

FURBELOW Fur"be*low, n. Etym: [Prov. F. farbala, equiv. to F. falbala, It. falbalà.]

Defn: A plaited or gathered flounce on a woman's garment.

FURBELOW Fur"be*low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbelowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Furbelowing.]

Defn: To put a furbelow on; to ornament.

FURBISH Fur"bish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furbished; p. pr. & vb. n. Furbishing.] Etym: [OE. forbischen, OF. forbir, furbir, fourbir, F. fourbir, fr. OHG. furban to clean. See -ish.]

Defn: To rub or scour to brightness; to clean; to burnish; as, to furbish a sword or spear. Shak. Furbish new the name of John a Gaunt. Shak.

FURBISHABLE Fur"bish*a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being furbished.

FURBISHER Fur"bish*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourbisseur.]

Defn: One who furbishes; esp., a sword cutler, who finishes sword blades and similar weapons.

FURCATE; FURCATED Fur"cate, Fur"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. furca fork. See Fork.]

Defn: Forked; branching like a fork; as, furcate twigs.

FURCATION Fur*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A branching like a. fork.

FURCIFEROUS Fur*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. furcifer yoke bearer, scoundrel; furca fork, yoke, fork-shaped instrument of punishment + ferre to bear.]

Defn: Rascally; scandalous. [R.] "Furciferous knaves." De Quincey.

FURCULA Fur"cu*la, n. Etym: [L., a forked prop, dim. of furca a fork.] (Anat.)

Defn: A forked process; the wishbone or furculum.

FURCULAR Fur"cu*lar, a.

Defn: Shaped like a fork; furcate.

FURCULUM Fur"cu*lum, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. furca a fork.] (Anat.)

Defn: The wishbone or merrythought of birds, formed by the united clavicles.

FURDLE Fur"dle, v. t. Etym: [See Fardel, and cf. Furl.]

Defn: To draw up into a bundle; to roll up. [Ods.]

FURFUR Fur"fur, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Scurf; dandruff.

FURFURACEOUS Fur"fu*ra"ceous, a. Etym: [L. furfuraceus.]

Defn: Made of bran; like bran; scurfy.

FURFURAN Fur"fu*ran, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, oily substance, C4H4O, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also tetraphenol.

FURFURATION Fur"fu*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran, scurf.]

Defn: Falling of scurf from the head; desquamation.

FURFURINE Fur"fu*rine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white, crystalline base, obtained indirectly from furfurol.

FURFUROL Fur"fu*rol, n. Etym: [L. furfur bran + oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless oily liquid, C4H3O.CHO, of a pleasant odor, obtained by the distillation of bran, sugar, etc., and regarded as an aldehyde derivative of furfuran; -- called also furfural.

FURFUROUS Fur"fu*rous, a.

Defn: Made of bran; furfuraceous. [R.] "Furfurous bread." Sydney Smith.

FURIAL Fu"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. furialis: cf. OF. furial.]

Defn: Furious; raging; tormenting. [Obs.] Chaucer.

FURIBUNDAL Fu`ri*bun"dal, a. Etym: [L. furibundus, fr. furere to rage.]

Defn: Full of rage. [Obs.] G. Harvey.

FURIES Fu"ries, n. pl.

Defn: See Fury, 3.

FURILE Fu"rile, n. Etym: [Furfurol + benzile.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow, crystalline substance, (C4H3O)2.C2O2, obtained by the oxidation of furoin. [Written also furil.]

FURILIC Fu*ril"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, furile; as, furilic acid.

FURIOSO Fu"ri*o"so, a.& adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: With great force or vigor; vehemently.

FURIOUS Fu"ri*ous, a. Etym: [L. furiosus, fr. furia rage, fury: cf. F. furieux. See Fury.]

1. Transported with passion or fury; raging; violent; as, a furious animal.

2. Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence; as, a furious stream; a furious wind or storm.

Syn. -- Impetuous; vehement; boisterous; fierce; turbulent; tumultuous; angry; mad; frantic; frenzied. -- Fu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Fu"ri*ous*ness, n.

FURL Furl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furld; p. pr. & vb. n. Furling.] Etym: [Contr. fr. furdle, fr. fardel bundle: cf. F. ferler to furl, OF. fardeler to pack. See Furdle, Fardel, and cf. Farl.]

Defn: To draw up or gather into close compass; to wrap or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast, or, as a flag, close to or around its staff, securing it there by a gasket or line. Totten.

FURLONG Fur"long, n. Etym: [OE. furlong, furlang, AS. furlang, furlung, prop., the length of a furrow; furh furrow + lang long. See Furrow, and Long, a.]

Defn: A measure of length; the eighth part of a mile; forty rods; two hundred and twenty yards.

FURLOUGH Fur"lough, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. D. verlof, fr. a prefix akin to E. for + the root of E. lief, and akin to Dan. forlov, Sw. förlof, G. verlaub permission. See Life, a.] (Mil.)

Defn: Leave of abserice; especially, leave given to an offcer or soldier to be absent from service for a certain time; also, the document granting leave of absence.

FURLOUGH Fur"lough, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furloughed (; p. pr. & vb. n. Furloughing.] (Mil.)

Defn: To furnish with a furlough; to grant leave of absence to, as to an offcer or soldier.

FURMONTY; FURMITY Fur"mon*ty, Fur"mi*ty n.

Defn: Same as Frumenty.

FURNACE Fur"nace, n. Etym: [OE. fornais, forneis, OF. fornaise, F. fournaise, from L. fornax; akin to furnus oven, and prob. to E. forceps.]

1. An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.

Note: Furnaces are classified as wind or air. furnaces when the fire is urged only by the natural draught; as blast furnaces, when the fire is urged by the injection artificially of a forcible current of air; and as reverberatory furnaces, when the flame, in passing to the chimney, is thrown down by a low arched roof upon the materials operated upon.

2. A place or time of punishment, affiction, or great trial; severe experience or discipline. Deut. iv. 20. Bustamente furnace, a shaft furnace for roasting quicksilver ores. -- Furnace bridge, Same as Bridge wall. See Bridge, n., 5. -- Furnace cadmiam or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores. Raymond. -- Furnace hoist (Iron Manuf.), a lift for raising ore, coal, etc., to the mouth of a blast furnace.

FURNACE Fur"nace, n.

1. To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace. [Obs. or R.] He furnaces The thick sighe from him. Shak.

FURNIMENT Fur"ni*ment, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourniment. See Furnish.]

Defn: Furniture. [Obs.] Spenser.

FURNISH Fur"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Furnishing.] Etym: [OF. furnir, fornir, to furnish, finish, F. fournir; akin to Pr. formir, furmir, fromir, to accomplish, satisfy, fr. OHG. frumjan to further, execute, do, akin to E. frame. See Frame, v. t., and - ish.]

1. To supply with anything necessary, useful, or appropriate; to provide; to equip; to fit out, or fit up; to adorn; as, to furnish a family with provisions; to furnish one with arms for defense; to furnish a Cable; to furnish the mind with ideas; to furnish one with knowledge or principles; to furnish an expedition or enterprise, a room or a house. That the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works. 2 Tim. iii. 17,

2. To offer for use; to provide (something); to give (something); to afford; as, to furnish food to the hungry: to furnish arms for defense. Ye are they . . . that furnish the drink offering unto that number. Is. lxv. 11. His writings and his life furnish abundant proofs that he was not a man of strong sense. Macaulay.

FURNISH Fur"nish, n.

Defn: That which is furnished as a specimen; a sample; a supply. [Obs.] Greene.

FURNISHER Fur"nish*er, n.

Defn: One who supplies or fits out.

FURNISHMENT Fur"nish*ment, n.

Defn: The act of furnishing, or of supplying furniture; also, furniture. [Obs.] Daniel.

FURNITURE Fur"ni*ture, n. Etym: [F. fourniture. See Furnish, v. t.]

1. That with which anything is furnished or supplied; supplies; outfit; equipment. The form and all the furniture of the earth. Tillotson. The thoughts which make the furniture of their minds. M. Arnold.

2. Articles used for convenience or decoration in a house or apartment, as tables, chairs, bedsteads, sofas, carpets, curtains, pictures, vases, etc.

3. The necessary appendages to anything, as to a machine, a carriage, a ship, etc. (a) (Naut.) The masts and rigging of a ship. (b) (Mil.) The mountings of a gun. (c) Builders' hardware such as locks, door and window trimmings. (d) (Print) Pieces of wood or metal of a lesser height than the type, placed around the pages or other matter in a form, and, with the quoins, serving to secure the form in its place in the chase.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A mixed or compound stop in an organ; -- sometimes called mixture.

FUROIN Fu"ro*in, n. Etym: [See Furfurol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, crystalline substance, C10H8O4, from furfurol.

FURORE Fu*ro"re, n. Etym: [It.]

Defn: Excitement; commotion; enthusiasm.

FURRIER Fur"ri*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F. fourreur.]

Defn: A dealer in furs; one who makes or sells fur goods.

FURRIERY Fur"ri*er*y, n.

1. Furs, in general. Tooke.

2. The business of a furrier; trade in furs.

FURRING Fur"ring, n.

1. (Carp.) (a) The leveling of a surface, or the preparing of an air space, by means of strips of board or of larger pieces. See Fur, v. t., 3. (b) The strips thus laid on.

2. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: Double planking of a ship's side.

3. A deposit from water, as on the inside of a boiler; also, the operation of cleaning away this deposit.

FURROW Fur"row, n. Etym: [OE. forow, forgh, furgh, AS. furh; akin to D. voor, OHG. furuh, G. furche, Dan. fure, Sw. f, Icel. for drain, L. porca ridge between two furrows.]

1. A trench in the earth made by, or as by, a plow.

2. Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal; a wrinkle on the face; as, the furrows of age. Farrow weed a weed which grows on plowed land. Shak. -- To draw a straight furrow, to live correctly; not to deviate from the right line of duty. Lowell.

FURROW Fur"row, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Furrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Furrowing.] Etym: [From Furrow, n.; cf. AS. fyrian.]

1. To cut a furrow in; to make furrows in; to plow; as, to furrow the ground or sea. Shak.

2. To mark with channels or with wrinkles. Thou canst help time to furrow me with age. Shak. Fair cheeks were furrowed with hot tears. Byron.

FURROWY Fur"row*y, a.

Defn: Furrowed. [R.] Tennyson.

FURRY Fur"ry, a. Etym: [From Fur.]

1. Covered with fur; dressed in fur. "Furry nations." Thomson.

2. Consisting of fur; as, furry spoils. Dryden.

3. Resembling fur.

FURTHER Fur"ther, adv. Etym: [A comparative of forth; OE. further, forther, AS. fur, far; akin to G. fürder. See Forth, adv.]