Chapter LI: Bella (50)

3. Of common rank, quality, or ability; not distinguished by superior excellence or beauty; hence, not distinguished in any way; commonplace; inferior; of little merit; as, men of ordinary judgment; an ordinary book. An ordinary lad would have acquired little or no useful knowledge in such a way. Macaulay. Ordinary seaman (Naut.), one not expert or fully skilled, and hence ranking below an able seaman.

Syn. -- Normal; common; usual; customary. See Normal. -- Ordinary, Common. A thing is common in which many persons share or partake; as, a common practice. A thing is ordinary when it is apt to come round in the regular common order or succession of events.

ORDINARY Or"di*na*ry, n.; pl. Ordinaries (.

1. (Law) (a) (Roman Law) An officer who has original jurisdiction in his own right, and not by deputation. (b) (Eng. Law)

Defn: One who has immediate jurisdiction in matters ecclesiastical; an ecclesiastical judge; also, a deputy of the bishop, or a clergyman appointed to perform divine service for condemned criminals and assist in preparing them for death. (c) (Am. Law) A judicial officer, having generally the powers of a judge of probate or a surrogate.

2. The mass; the common run. [Obs.] I see no more in you than in the ordinary Of nature's salework. Shak.

3. That which is so common, or continued, as to be considered a settled establishment or institution. [R.] Spain had no other wars save those which were grown into an ordinary. Bacon.

4. Anything which is in ordinary or common use. Water buckets, wagons, cart wheels, plow socks, and other ordinaries. Sir W. Scott.

5. A dining room or eating house where a meal is prepared for all comers, at a fixed price for the meal, in distinction from one where each dish is separately charged; a table d'hôte; hence, also, the meal furnished at such a dining room. Shak. All the odd words they have picked up in a coffeehouse, or a gaming ordinary, are produced as flowers of style. Swift. He exacted a tribute for licenses to hawkers and peddlers and to ordinaries. Bancroft.

6. (Her.)

Defn: A charge or bearing of simple form, one of nine or ten which are in constant use. The bend, chevron, chief, cross, fesse, pale, and saltire are uniformly admitted as ordinaries. Some authorities include bar, bend sinister, pile, and others. See Subordinary. In ordinary. (a) In actual and constant service; statedly attending and serving; as, a physician or chaplain in ordinary. An ambassador in ordinary is one constantly resident at a foreign court. (b) (Naut.) Out of commission and laid up; -- said of a naval vessel. -- Ordinary of the Mass (R. C. Ch.), the part of the Mass which is the same every day; -- called also the canon of the Mass.

ORDINARYSHIP Or"di*na*ry*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being an ordinary. [R.] Fuller.

ORDINATE Or"di*nate, a. Etym: [L. ordinatus, p. p. of ordinare. See Ordain.]

Defn: Well-ordered; orderly; regular; methodical. "A life blissful and ordinate." Chaucer. Ordinate figure (Math.), a figure whose sides and angles are equal; a regular figure.

ORDINATE Or"di*nate, n. (Geom.)

Defn: The distance of any point in a curve or a straight line, measured on a line called the axis of ordinates or on a line parallel to it, from another line called the axis of abscissas, on which the corresponding abscissa of the point is measured.

Note: The ordinate and abscissa, taken together, are called coördinates, and define the position of the point with reference to the two axes named, the intersection of which is called the origin of coördinates. See Coordinate.

ORDINATE Or"di*nate, v. t.

Defn: To appoint, to regulate; to harmonize. Bp. Hall.

ORDINATELY Or"di*nate*ly, adv.

Defn: In an ordinate manner; orderly. Chaucer. Skelton.

ORDINATION Or`di*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. ordinatio: cf. F. ordination.]

1. The act of ordaining, appointing, or setting apart; the state of being ordained, appointed, etc. The holy and wise ordination of God. Jer. Taylor. Virtue and vice have a natural ordination to the happiness and misery of life respectively. Norris.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The act of setting apart to an office in the Christian ministry; the conferring of holy orders.

3. Disposition; arrangement; order. [R.] Angle of ordination (Geom.), the angle between the axes of coördinates.

ORDINATIVE Or"di*na*tive, a. Etym: [L. ordinativus.]

Defn: Tending to ordain; directing; giving order. [R.] Gauden.

ORDINATOR Or"di*na`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who ordains or establishes; a director. [R.] T. Adams.

ORDNANCE Ord"nance, n. Etym: [From OE. ordenance, referring orig. to the bore or size of the cannon. See Ordinance.]

Defn: Heavy weapons of warfare; cannon, or great guns, mortars, and howitzers; artillery; sometimes, a general term for all weapons and appliances used in war. All the battlements their ordnance fire. Shak. Then you may hear afar off the awful roar of his [Rufus Choate's] rifled ordnance. E. Ererett. Ordnance survey, the official survey of Great Britain and Ireland, conducted by the ordnance department.

ORDONNANCE Or"don*nance, n. Etym: [F. See Ordinance.] (Fine Arts)

Defn: The disposition of the parts of any composition with regard to one another and the whole. Their dramatic ordonnance of the parts. Coleridge.

ORDONNANT Or"don*nant, a. Etym: [F., p. pr. of ordonner. See Ordinant.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ordonnance. Dryden.

ORDOVIAN Or*do"vi*an, a. & n. (Geol.)

Defn: Ordovician.

ORDOVICIAN Or`do*vi"cian, a. Etym: [From L. Ordovices, a Celtic people in Wales.] (Geol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a division of the Silurian formation, corresponding in general to the Lower Silurian of most authors, exclusive of the Cambrian. -- n.

Defn: The Ordovician formation.

ORDURE Or"dure, n. Etym: [F. ordure, OF. ord filthy, foul, fr. L. horridus horrid. See Horrid.]

1. Dung; excrement; fæces. Shak.

2. Defect; imperfection; fault. [Obs.] Holland.

ORDUROUS Or"dur*ous, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ordure; filthy. Drayton.

ORE Ore, n. Etym: [AS. ar.]

Defn: Honor; grace; favor; mercy; clemency; happy augry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ORE Ore, n. Etym: [AS. ; cf. ar brass, bronze, akin to OHG. , G. ehern brazen, Icel. eir brass, Goth. ais, L. aes, Skr. ayas iron. Ora, Era.]

1. The native form of a metal, whether free and uncombined, as gold, copper, etc., or combined, as iron, lead, etc. Usually the ores contain the metals combined with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic, etc. (called mineralizers).

2. (Mining)

Defn: A native metal or its compound with the rock in which it occurs, after it has been picked over to throw out what is worthless.

3. Metal; as, the liquid ore. [R.] Milton. Ore hearth, a low furnace in which rich lead ore is reduced; -- also called Scotch hearth. Raymond.

OREAD O"re*ad, n. Etym: [L. Oreas, -adis, Gr. oréade.] (Class. Myth.)

Defn: One of the nymphs of mountains and grottoes. Like a wood nymph light, Oread or Dryad. Milton.

OREADES O*re"a*des, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of butterflies which includes the satyrs. See Satyr, 2.

ORECTIC O*rec"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Philos.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the desires; hence, impelling to gratification; appetitive.

OREGON GRAPE Or"e*gon grape`. (Bot.)

Defn: An evergreen species of barberry (Berberis Aquifolium), of Oregon and California; also, its roundish, blue-black berries.

OREIDE O"re*ide, n.

Defn: See Oroide.

OREODON O"re*o*don, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon)

Defn: A genus of extinct herbivorous mammals, abundant in the Tertiary formation of the Rocky Mountains. It is more or less related to the camel, hog, and deer.

OREODONT O"re*o*dont, a. (Paleon.)

Defn: Resembling, or allied to, the genus Oreodon.

OREOGRAPHIC O`re*o*graph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to oreography.

OREOGRAPHY O`re*og"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The science of mountains; orography.

OREOSELIN O`re*os"e*lin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline substance which is obtained indirectly from the root of an umbelliferous plant (Imperatoria Oreoselinum), and yields resorcin on decomposition.

OREOSOMA O`re*o*so"ma, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small oceanic fishes, remarkable for the large conical tubercles which cover the under surface.

OREWEED Ore"weed`, n.

Defn: Same as Oarweed.

OREWOOD Ore"wood`, n.

Defn: Same as Oarweed.

ORF; ORFE Orf, Or"fe, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bright-colored domesticated variety of the id. See Id.

ORFGILD Orf"gild`, n. Etym: [AS. orf, yrfe, cattle, property + gild, gield, money, fine.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: Restitution for cattle; a penalty for taking away cattle. Cowell.

ORFRAY Or"fray, n. Etym: [F. orfraie. Cf. Osprey, Ossifrage.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The osprey. [Obs.] Holland.

ORFRAYS Or"frays, n. Etym: [OF. orfrais, F. orfroi; F. or gold + fraise, frise, fringe, ruff. See Fraise, and cf. Auriphrygiate.]

Defn: See Orphrey. [Obs.] Rom. of R.

ORGAL Or"gal, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Argol. [Obs.]

ORGAN Or"gan, n. Etym: [L. organum, Gr. work: cf. F. organe. See Work, and cf. Orgue, Orgy.]

1. An instrument or medium by which some important action is performed, or an important end accomplished; as, legislatures, courts, armies, taxgatherers, etc., are organs of government.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: A natural part or structure in an animal or a plant, capable of performing some special action (termed its function), which is essential to the life or well-being of the whole; as, the heart, lungs, etc., are organs of animals; the root, stem, foliage, etc., are organs of plants.

Note: In animals the organs are generally made up of several tissues, one of which usually predominates, and determines the principal function of the organ. Groups of organs constitute a system. See System.

3. A component part performing an essential office in the working of any complex machine; as, the cylinder, valves, crank, etc., are organs of the steam engine.

4. A medium of communication between one person or body and another; as, the secretary of state is the organ of communication between the government and a foreign power; a newspaper is the organ of its editor, or of a party, sect, etc.

5. Etym: [Cf. AS. organ, fr. L. organum.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument containing numerous pipes of various dimensions and kinds, which are filled with wind from a bellows, and played upon by means of keys similar to those of a piano, and sometimes by foot keys or pedals; -- formerly used in the plural, each pipe being considired an organ. The deep, majestic, solemn organs blow. Pope.

Note: Chaucer used the form orgon as a plural. The merry orgon . . . that in the church goon [go]. Barrel organ, Choir organ, Great organ, etc. See under Barrel, Choir, etc. -- Cabinet organ (Mus.), an organ of small size, as for a chapel or for domestic use; a reed organ. -- Organ bird (Zoöl.), a Tasmanian crow shrike (Gymnorhina organicum). It utters discordant notes like those of a hand organ out of tune. -- Organ fish (Zoöl.), the drumfish. -- Organ gun. (Mil.) Same as Orgue (b). -- Organ harmonium (Mus.), an harmonium of large capacity and power. -- Organ of Gorti (Anat.), a complicated structure in the cochlea of the ear, including the auditory hair cells, the rods or fibers of Corti, the membrane of Corti, etc. See Note under Ear. -- Organ pipe. See Pipe, n., 1. -- Organ-pipe coral. (Zoöl.) See Tubipora. -- Organ point (Mus.), a passage in which the tonic or dominant is sustained continuously by one part, while the other parts move.

ORGAN Or"gan, v. t.

Defn: To supply with an organ or organs; to fit with organs; to organize. [Obs.] Thou art elemented and organed for other apprehensions. Bp. Mannyngham.

ORGANDIE; ORGANDY Or"gan*die, Or"gan*dy, n. Etym: [F. organdi.]

Defn: A kind of transparent light muslin.

ORGANIC Or*gan"ic, a. Etym: [L. organicus, Gr. organique.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an organ or its functions, or to objects composed of organs; consisting of organs, or containing them; as, the organic structure of animals and plants; exhibiting characters peculiar to living organisms; as, organic bodies, organic life, organic remains. Cf. Inorganic.

2. Produced by the organs; as, organic pleasure. [R.]

3. Instrumental; acting as instruments of nature or of art to a certain destined function or end. [R.] Those organic arts which enable men to discourse and write perspicuously. Milton.

4. Forming a whole composed of organs. Hence: Of or pertaining to a system of organs; inherent in, or resulting from, a certain organization; as, an organic government; his love of truth was not inculcated, but organic.

5. Pertaining to, or denoting, any one of the large series of substances which, in nature or origin, are connected with vital processes, and include many substances of artificial production which may or may not occur in animals or plants; -- contrasted with Ant: inorganic.

Note: The principles of organic and inorganic chemistry are identical; but the enormous number and the completeness of related series of organic compounds, together with their remarkable facility of exchange and substitution, offer an illustration of chemical reaction and homology not to be paralleled in inorganic chemistry. Organic analysis (Chem.), the analysis of organic compounds, concerned chiefly with the determination of carbon as carbon dioxide, hydrogen as water, oxygen as the difference between the sum of the others and 100 per cent, and nitrogen as free nitrogen, ammonia, or nitric oxide; -- formerly called ultimate analysis, in distinction from proximate analysis. -- Organic chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Organic compounds. (Chem.) See Carbon compounds, under Carbon. -- Organic description of a curve (Geom.), the description of a curve on a plane by means of instruments. Brande & C. -- Organic disease (Med.), a disease attended with morbid changes in the structure of the organs of the body or in the composition of its fluids; -- opposed to functional disease. -- Organic electricity. See under Electricity. -- Organic law or laws, a law or system of laws, or declaration of principles fundamental to the existence and organization of a political or other association; a constitution. -- Organic stricture (Med.), a contraction of one of the natural passages of the body produced by structural changes in its walls, as distinguished from a spasmodic stricture, which is due to muscular contraction.

ORGANICAL Or*gan"ic*al, a.

Defn: Organic. The organical structure of human bodies, whereby they live and move. Bentley.

ORGANICALLY Or*gan"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In an organic manner; by means of organs or with reference to organic functions; hence, fundamentally. Gladstone.

ORGANICALNESS Or*gan"ic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being organic.

ORGANICISM Or*gan"i*cism, n. (Med.)

Defn: The doctrine of the localization of disease, or which refers it always to a material lesion of an organ. Dunglison.

ORGANIFIC Or`gan*if"ic, a. Etym: [Organ + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See fy.]

Defn: Making an organic or organized structure; producing an organism; acting through, or resulting from, organs. Prof. Park.

ORGANISM Or"gan*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. organisme.]

1. Organic structure; organization. "The advantageous organism of the eye." Grew.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: An organized being; a living body, either vegetable or animal, compozed of different organs or parts with functions which are separate, but mutually dependent, and essential to the life of the individual.

Note: Some of the lower forms of life are so simple in structure as to be without organs, but are still called organisms, since they have different parts analogous in functions to the organs of higher plants and animals.

ORGANIST Or"gan*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. organiste.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: One who plays on the organ.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of the priests who organized or sung in parts. [Obs.]

ORGANISTA Or`ga*nis"ta, n. Etym: [Sp., an organis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several South American wrens, noted for the sweetness of their song.

ORGANITY Or*gan"i*ty, n.

Defn: Organism. [R.]

ORGANIZABILITY Or`gan*i`za*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Quality of being organizable; capability of being organized.

ORGANIZABLE Or"gan*i`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being organized; esp. (Biol.), capable of being formed into living tissue; as, organizable matter.

ORGANIZATION Or`gan*i*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. organisation.]

1. The act of organizing; the act of arranging in a systematic way for use or action; as, the organization of an army, or of a deliberative body. "The first organization of the general government." Pickering.

2. The state of being organized; also, the relations included in such a state or condition. What is organization but the connection of parts in and for a whole, so that each part is, at once, end and means Coleridge.

3. That wich is organized; an organized existence; an organism; specif. (Biol.), an arrangement of parts for the performance of the functions necessary to life. The cell may be regarded as the most simple, the most common, and the earliest form of organization. McKendrick.

ORGANIZE Or"gan*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Organized; p. pr. & vb. n. Organizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. organiser, Gr. Organ.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: To furnish with organs; to give an organic structure to; to endow with capacity for the functions of life; as, an organized being; organized matter; -- in this sense used chiefly in the past participle. These nobler faculties of the mind, matter organized could never produce. Ray.

2. To arrange or constitute in parts, each having a special function, act, office, or relation; to systematize; to get into working order; -- applied to products of the human intellect, or to human institutions and undertakings, as a science, a government, an army, a war, etc. This original and supreme will organizes the government. Cranch.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: To sing in parts; as, to organize an anthem. [R.] Busby.

ORGANIZER Or"gan*i`zer, n.

Defn: One who organizes.

ORGANLING Or"gan*ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large kind of sea fish; the orgeis.

ORGANO- Or"ga*no-. Etym: [See Organ.]

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to, or connection with, an organ or organs.

ORGANOGEN Or*gan"o*gen, n. Etym: [Organo- + -gen.] (Chem.)

Defn: A name given to any one of the four elements, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which are especially characteristic ingredients of organic compounds; also, by extension, to other elements sometimes found in the same connection; as sulphur, phosphorus, etc.

ORGANOGENESIS Or`ga*no*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Organo- + genesis.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: The origin and development of organs in animals and plants.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The germ history of the organs and systems of organs, -- a branch of morphogeny. Haeckel.

ORGANOGENIC Or`ga*no*gen"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to organogenesis.

ORGANOGENY Or`ga*nog"e*ny, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Organogenesis.

ORGANOGRAPHIC; ORGANOGRAPHICAL Or`ga*no*graph"ic, Or`ga*no*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. organographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to organography.

ORGANOGRAPHIST Or`ga*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: One versed in organography.

ORGANOGRAPHY Or`ga*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Organo- + -graphy: cf. F. organographie.]

Defn: A description of the organs of animals or plants.

ORGANOLEPTIC Or`ga*no*lep"tic, a. Etym: [F. organoleptique, fr. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Making an impression upon an organ; plastic; -- said of the effect or impression produced by any substance on the organs of touch, taste, or smell, and also on the organism as a whole.

ORGANOLOGICAL Or`ga*no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or relating to organology.

ORGANOLOGY Or`ga*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Organ + -logy: cf. F. organologie.]

1. The science of organs or of anything considered as an organic structure. The science of style, as an organ of thought, of style in relation to the ideas and feelings, might be called the organology of style. De Quincey.

2. That branch of biology which treats, in particular, of the organs of animals and plants. See Morphology.

ORGANOMETALLIC Or`ga*no*me*tal"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Metalorganic.

ORGANON; ORGANUM Or"ga*non, Or"ga*num, n. Etym: [NL. organon, L. organum. See Organ.]

Defn: An organ or instrument; hence, a method by which philosophical or scientific investigation may be conducted; -- a term adopted from the Aristotelian writers by Lord Bacon, as the title ("Novum Organon") of part of his treatise on philosophical method. Sir. W. Hamilton.

ORGANONYMY Or`ga*non"y*my, n. Etym: [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The designation or nomenclature of organs. B. G. Wilder.

ORGANOPHYLY Or`ga*noph"y*ly, n. Etym: [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tribal history of organs, -- a branch of morphophyly. Haeckel.

ORGANOPLASTIC Or`ga*no*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Organo- + -plastic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the property of producing the tissues or organs of animals and plants; as, the organoplastic cells.

ORGANOSCOPY Or`ga*nos"co*py, n. Etym: [Organo- + -scopy.]

Defn: Phrenology. Fleming.

ORGANOTROPHIC Or`ga*no*troph"ic, a. Etym: [Organo- + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating to the creation, organization, and nutrition of living organs or parts.

ORGANULE Or"gan*ule, n. Etym: [Dim. of organ.] (Anat.)

Defn: One of the essential cells or elements of an organ. See Sense organule, under Sense. Huxley.

ORGANY Or"ga*ny, n. Etym: [AS. Organe, from the Latin. See Origan.] (Bot.)

Defn: See Origan.

ORGANZINE Or"gan*zine, n. Etym: [F. organsin; cf. Sp. organsino, It. organzino.]

Defn: A kind of double thrown silk of very fine texture, that is, silk twisted like a rope with different strands, so as to increase its strength.

ORGASM Or"gasm, n. Etym: [F. orgasme; cf. Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Eager or immoderate excitement or action; the state of turgescence of any organ; erethism; esp., the height of venereal excitement in sexual intercourse.

ORGEAT Or"geat, n. Etym: [F., fr. orge barley, L. hordeum.]

Defn: A sirup in which, formerly, a decoction of barley entered, but which is now prepared with an emulsion of almonds, -- used to flavor beverages or edibles.

ORGEIS Or"ge*is, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Organling.

ORGIASTIC Or`gi*as"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. Orgy.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or of the nature of, orgies. Elton.

ORGIES Or"gies, n. pl.; sing. Orgy (.

Note: [The singular is rarely used.] Etym: [F. orgie, orgies, L. orgia, pl., Gr. Organ, and Work.]

1. A sacrifice accompanied by certain ceremonies in honor of some pagan deity; especially, the ceremonies observed by the Greeks and Romans in the worship of Dionysus, or Bacchus, which were characterized by wild and dissolute revelry. As when, with crowned cups, unto the Elian god, Those priests high orgies held. Drayton.

2. Drunken revelry; a carouse. B. Jonson. Tennyson.

ORGILLOUS Or"gil*lous, a. Etym: [OF. orguillous, F. orgueilleux, fr. OF. orgoil pride, F. orgueil.]

Defn: Proud; haughty. [Obs.] Shak.

ORGUE Orgue, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. organum organ, Gr. Organ.] (Mil.) (a) Any one of a number of long, thick pieces of timber, pointed and shod with iron, and suspended, each by a separate rope, over a gateway, to be let down in case of attack. (b) A piece of ordnance, consisting of a number of musket barrels arranged so that a match or train may connect with all their touchholes, and a discharge be secured almost or quite simultaneously.

ORGULOUS Or"gu*lous, a.

Defn: See Orgillous. [Obs.]

ORGY Or"gy, n.; pl. Orgies (.

Defn: A frantic revel; drunken revelry. See Orgies

ORGYIA Or*gy"i*a (, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.).

Defn: A genus of bombycid moths whose caterpillars (esp. those of Orgyia leucostigma) are often very injurious to fruit trees and shade trees. The female is wingless. Called also vaporer moth.

ORICALCHE Or"i*calche, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Orichalch. Costly oricalche from strange Phoenice. Spenser.

ORICHALCEOUS Or`i*chal"ce*ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, orichalch; having a color or luster like that of brass. Maunder.

ORICHALCH Or"i*chalch, n. Etym: [L. orichalcum, Gr. orichalque.]

Defn: A metallic substance, resembling gold in color, but inferior in value; a mixed metal of the ancients, resembling brass; -- called also aurichalcum, orichalcum, etc.

ORIEL O"ri*el, n. Etym: [OF. oriol gallery, corridor, LL. oriolum portico, hall, prob. fr. L. aureolus gilded, applied to an apartment decorated with gilding. See Oriole.] [Formerly written also oriol, oryal, oryall.]

1. A gallery for minstrels. [Obs.] W. Hamper.

2. A small apartment next a hall, where certain persons were accustomed to dine; a sort of recess. [Obs.] Cowell.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A bay window. See Bay window. The beams that thro' the oriel shine Make prisms in every carven glass. Tennyson.

Note: There is no generally admitted difference between a bay window and an oriel. In the United States the latter name is often applied to bay windows which are small, and either polygonal or round; also, to such as are corbeled out from the wall instead of resting on the ground.

ORIENCY O"ri*en*cy, n. Etym: [See Orient.]

Defn: Brightness or strength of color. [R.] E. Waterhouse.

ORIENT O"ri*ent, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. oriens, -entis, p. pr. of oriri to rise. See Origin.]

1. Rising, as the sun. Moon, that now meet'st the orient sun. Milton.

2. Eastern; oriental. "The orient part." Hakluyt.

3. Bright; lustrous; superior; pure; perfect; pellucid; -- used of gems and also figuratively, because the most perfect jewels are found in the East. "Pearls round and orient." Jer. Taylor. "Orient gems." Wordsworth. "Orient liquor in a crystal glass." Milton.

ORIENT O"ri*ent, n.

1. The part of the horizon where the sun first appears in the morning; the east. [Morn] came furrowing all the orient into gold. Tennyson.

2. The countries of Asia or the East. Chaucer. Best built city throughout the Orient. Sir T. Herbert.

3. A pearl of great luster. [R.] Carlyle.

ORIENT O"ri*ent, v. t. Etym: [F. orienter. Cf. Orientate.]

1. To define the position of, in relation to the orient or east; hence, to ascertain the bearings of.

2. Fig.: To correct or set right by recurring to first principles; to arrange in order; to orientate.

ORIENTAL O`ri*en"tal, a. Etym: [L. orientalis: cf. F. oriental.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to occidental; as, Oriental countries. The sun's ascendant and oriental radiations. Sir T. Browne.

ORIENTAL O`ri*en"tal, n.

1. A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic.

2. pl. (Eccl.)

Defn: Eastern Christians of the Greek rite.

ORIENTALISM O`ri*en"tal*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. orientalisme.]

1. Any system, doctrine, custom, expression, etc., peculiar to Oriental people.

2. Knowledge or use of Oriental languages, history, literature, etc. London Quart. Rev.

ORIENTALIST O`ri*en"tal*ist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. orientaliste.]

1. An inhabitant of the Eastern parts of the world; an Oriental.

2. One versed in Eastern languages, literature, etc.; as, the Paris Congress of Orientalists. Sir J. Shore.

ORIENTALITY O`ri*en*tal"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being oriental or eastern. Sir T. Browne.

ORIENTALIZE O`ri*en"tal*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientalized; p. pr. & vb. n. Orientalizing.]

Defn: to render Oriental; to cause to conform to Oriental manners or conditions.

ORIENTATE O"ri*en*tate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orientated; p. pr. & vb. n. Orientating.] Etym: [From Orient.]

1. To place or turn toward the east; to cause to assume an easterly direction, or to veer eastward.

2. To arrange in order; to dispose or place (a body) so as to show its relation to other bodies, or the relation of its parts among themselves. A crystal is orientated when placed in its proper position so as to exhibit its symmetry. E. S. Dana.

ORIENTATE O"ri*en*tate, v. i.

Defn: To move or turn toward the east; to veer from the north or south toward the east.

ORIENTATION O`ri*en*ta"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. orientation.]

1. The act or process of orientating; determination of the points of the compass, or the east point, in taking bearings.

2. The tendency of a revolving body, when suspended in a certain way, to bring the axis of rotation into parallelism with the earth's axis.

3. An aspect or fronting to the east; especially (Arch.), the placing of a church so that the chancel, containing the altar toward which the congregation fronts in worship, will be on the east end.

4. Fig.: A return to first principles; an orderly arrangement. The task of orientation undertaken in this chapter. L. F. Ward.

ORIENTNESS O"ri*ent*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being orient or bright; splendor. [Obs.] Fuller.

ORIFICE Or"i*fice, n. Etym: [F., from L. orificium; os, oris, a mouth + facere to make. See Oral, and Fact.]

Defn: A mouth or aperture, as of a tube, pipe, etc.; an opening; as, the orifice of an artery or vein; the orifice of a wound. Shak. Etna was bored through the top with a monstrous orifice. Addison.

ORIFLAMB; ORIFLAMME Or"i*flamb, Or"i*flamme, n. Etym: [F. oriflamme, OF. oriflambe, LL. auriflamma; L. aurum gold + flamma flame; cf. L. flammula a little banner. So called because it was a flag of red silk, split into many points, and borne on a gilded lance.]

1. The ancient royal standard of France.

2. A standard or ensign, in battle. "A handkerchief like an oriflamb." Longfellow. And be your oriflamme to-day the helmet of Navarre. Macaulay.

ORIGAN; ORIGANUM Or"i*gan, O*rig"a*num, n. Etym: [L. origanum, Gr. Organy.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of aromatic labiate plants, including the sweet marjoram (O. Marjorana) and the wild marjoram (O. vulgare). Spenser.

ORIGENISM Or"i*gen*ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: The opinions of Origen of Alexandria, who lived in the 3d century, one of the most learned of the Greek Fathers. Prominent in his teaching was the doctrine that all created beings, including Satan, will ultimately be saved.

ORIGENIST Or"i*gen*ist, n.

Defn: A follower of Origen of Alexandria.

ORIGIN Or"i*gin, n. Etym: [F. origine, L. origo, -iginis, fr. oriri to rise, become visible; akin to Gr. r, and perh. to E. run.]

1. The first existence or beginning of anything; the birth. This mixed system of opinion and sentiment had its origin in the ancient chivalry. Burke.

2. That from which anything primarily proceeds; the fountain; the spring; the cause; the occasion.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: The point of attachment or end of a muscle which is fixed during contraction; -- in contradistinction to insertion. Origin of coördinate axes (Math.), the point where the axes intersect. See Note under Ordinate.

Syn. -- Commencement; rise; source; spring; fountain; derivation; cause; root; foundation. -- Origin, Source. Origin denotes the rise or commencement of a thing; source presents itself under the image of a fountain flowing forth in a continuous stream of influences. The origin of moral evil has been much disputed, but no one can doubt that it is the source of most of the calamities of our race. I think he would have set out just as he did, with the origin of ideas -- the proper starting point of a grammarian, who is to treat of their signs. Tooke. Famous Greece, That source of art and cultivated thought Which they to Rome, and Romans hither, brought. Waller.

ORIGINABLE O*rig"i*na*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being originated.

ORIGINAL O*rig"i*nal, a. Etym: [F. original, L. originalis.]

1. Pertaining to the origin or beginning; preceding all others; first in order; primitive; primary; pristine; as, the original state of man; the original laws of a country; the original inventor of a process. His form had yet not lost All her original brightness. Milton.

2. Not copied, imitated, or translated; new; fresh; genuine; as, an original thought; an original process; the original text of Scripture.

3. Having the power to suggest new thoughts or combinations of thought; inventive; as, an original genius.

4. Before unused or unknown; new; as, a book full of original matter. Original sin (Theol.), the first sin of Adam, as related to its consequences to his descendants of the human race; -- called also total depravity. See Calvinism.

ORIGINAL O*rig"i*nal, n. Etym: [Cf. F. original.]

1. Origin; commencement; source. It hath it original from much grief. Shak. And spangled heavens, a shining frame, Their great Original proclaim. Addison.

2. That which precedes all others of its class; archetype; first copy; hence, an original work of art, manuscript, text, and the like, as distinguished from a copy, translation, etc. The Scriptures may be now read in their own original. Milton.

3. An original thinker or writer; an originator. [R.] Men who are bad at copying, yet are good originals. C. G. Leland.

4. A person of marked eccentricity. [Colloq.]

5. (Zoöl. & Bot.)

Defn: The natural or wild species from which a domesticated or cultivated variety has been derived; as, the wolf is thought by some to be the original of the dog, the blackthorn the original of the plum.

ORIGINALIST O*rig"i*nal*ist, n.

Defn: One who is original. [R.]

ORIGINALITY O*rig`i*nal"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. originalité.]

Defn: The quality or state of being original. Macaulay.

ORIGINALLY O*rig"i*nal*ly, adv.

1. In the original time, or in an original manner; primarily; from the beginning or origin; not by derivation, or imitation. God is originally holy in himself. Bp. Pearson.

2. At first; at the origin; at the time of formation or costruction; as, a book originally written by another hand. "Originally a half length [portrait]." Walpole.

ORIGINALNESS O*rig"i*nal*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being original; originality. [R.] Johnson.

ORIGINANT O*rig"i*nant, a.

Defn: Originating; original. [R.] An absolutely originant act of self will. Prof. Shedd.

ORIGINARY O*rig"i*na*ry, a. Etym: [L. originarius: cf. F. originaire.]

1. Causing existence; productive. [R.] The production of animals, in the originary way, requires a certain degree of warmth. Cheyne.

2. Primitive; primary; original. [R.] The grand originary right of all rights. Hickok.

ORIGINATE O*rig"i*nate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Originated; p. pr. & vb. n. Originating.] Etym: [From Origin.]

Defn: To give an origin or beginning to; to cause to be; to bring into existence; to produce as new. A decomposition of the whole civill and political mass, for the purpose of originating a new civil order. Burke.

ORIGINATE O*rig"i*nate, v. i.

Defn: To take first existence; to have origin or beginning; to begin to exist or act; as, the scheme originated with the governor and council.

ORIGINATION O*rig`i*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. originatio.]

1. The act or process of bringing or coming into existence; first production. "The origination of the universe." Keill. What comes from spirit is a spontaneous origination. Hickok.

2. Mode of production, or bringing into being. This eruca is propagated by animal parents, to wit, butterflies, after the common origination of all caterpillars. Ray.

ORIGINATIVE O*rig"i*na*tive, a.

Defn: Having power, or tending, to originate, or bring into existence; originating. H. Bushnell. -- O*rig"i*na*tive*ly, adv.

ORIGINATOR O*rig"i*na`tor, n.

Defn: One who originates.

ORILLON O*ril"lon, n. Etym: [F., lit., a little ear, from oreille an ear, fr. L. oricula, auricula, dim. of auris an ear. See Ear.] (Fort.)

Defn: A semicircular projection made at the shoulder of a bastion for the purpose of covering the retired flank, -- found in old fortresses.

ORIOL O"ri*ol, n.

Defn: See Oriel.

ORIOLE O"ri*ole, n. Etym: [OF. oriol, oriouz, orieus, F. loriot (for l'oriol), fr. L. aureolus golden, dim. of aureus golden, fr. aurum gold. Cf. Aureole, Oriel, Loriot.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of various species of Old World singing birds of the family Oriolidæ. They are usually conspicuously colored with yellow and black. The European or golden oriole (Oriolus galbula, or O. oriolus) has a very musical flutelike note. (b) In America, any one of several species of the genus Icterus, belonging to the family Icteridæ. See Baltimore oriole, and Orchard oriole, under Orchard. Crested oriole. (Zoöl.) See Cassican.

ORION O*ri"on, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr. (Astron.)

Defn: A large and bright constellation on the equator, between the stars Aldebaran and Sirius. It contains a remarkable nebula visible to the naked eye. The flaming glories of Orion's belt. E. Everett.

ORISKANY O*ris"ka*ny, a. Etym: [From Oriskany, in New York.] (Geol.)

Defn: Designating, or pertaining to, certain beds, chiefly limestone, characteristic of the latest period of the Silurian age. Oriskany period, a subdivision of the American Paleozoic system intermediate or translational in character between the Silurian and Devonian ages. See Chart of Geology.

ORISMOLOGICAL O*ris`mo*log"ic*al, a. (Nat. Hist.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to orismology.

ORISMOLOGY O`ris*mol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy. See Horizon.]

Defn: That departament of natural history which treats of technical terms.

ORISON Or"i*son, n. Etym: [OF. orison, oreson, oreison, F. oraison, fr. L. oratio speech, prayer. See Oration.]

Defn: A prayer; a supplication. [Poetic] Chaucer. Shak. Lowly they bowed, adoring, and began Their orisons, each morning duly paid. Milton.

ORISONT Or"i*sont, n.

Defn: Horizon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ORK Ork, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Orc.

ORKNEYAN Ork"ney*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Orkney islands. "Orkneyan skerries." Longfellow.

ORLE Orle, n. Etym: [F. orle an orle, a fillet, fr. LL. orla border, dim. of L. ora border, margin.]

1. (Her.)

Defn: A bearing, in the form of a fillet, round the shield, within, but at some distance from, the border.

2. (Her.)

Defn: The wreath, or chaplet, surmounting or encircling the helmet of a knight and bearing the crest. In orle, round the escutcheon, leaving the middle of the field vacant, or occupied by something else; -- said of bearings arranged on the shield in the form of an orle.

ORLEANS Or"le*ans, n. Etym: [So called from the city of Orléans, in France.]

1. A cloth made of worsted and cotton, -- used for wearing apparel.

2. A variety of the plum. See under Plum. [Eng.]

ORLO Or"lo, n. Etym: [Sp.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument of music in use among the Spaniards.

ORLOP Or"lop, n. Etym: [D. overloop the upper deck, lit., a running over or overflowing, fr. overloopen to run over. See Over, and Leap, and cf. Overloop.] (Naut.)

Defn: The lowest deck of a vessel, esp. of a ship of war, consisting of a platform laid over the beams in the hold, on which the cables are coiled.

ORMAZD; AHURA-MAZDA Or"mazd or A`hu*ra-Maz"da, n. [Zend Ahuramazda.] (Zoroastrianism)

Defn: The supreme deity, the principle of good, creator of the world, and guardian of mankind. He is the opponent of Ahriman, the spirit of evil, both being sprung from Eternity, or, according to another version, Ahriman being the offspring of a moment of doubt on the part of Ormazd. Ormazd is attended by angels and archangels. He is represented as a bearded man inclosed in a winged circle, a conception probably derived from the Assyrian representations of Ashur.

ORMER Or"mer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An abalone.

ORMOLU Or`mo*lu", n. Etym: [F. or moulu; or gold (L. aurum) + moulu, p. p. of moudre to grind, to mill, L. molere. See Aureate, and Mill.]

Defn: A variety of brass made to resemble gold by the use of less zinc and more copper in its composition than ordinary brass contains. Its golden color is often heightened by means of lacquer of some sort, or by use of acids. Called also mosaic gold. Ormolu varnish, a varnish applied to metals, as brass, to give the appearance of gold.

ORMUZD Or"muzd, n. Etym: [Zend Ahuramazda.]

Defn: The good principle, or being, of the ancient Persian religion. See Ahriman.

ORN Orn, v. t.

Defn: To ornament; to adorn. [Obs.] Joye.

ORNAMENT Or"na*ment, n. Etym: [OE. ornement, F. ornement, fr. L. ornamentum, fr. ornare to adorn.]

Defn: That which embellishes or adorns; that which adds grace or beauty; embellishment; decoration; adornment. The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. 1 Pet. iii. 4. Like that long-buried body of the king Found lying with his urns and ornaments. Tennyson.

ORNAMENT Or"na*ment, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ornamented; p. pr. & vb. n. Ornamenting.]

Defn: To adorn; to deck; to embellish; to beautify; as, to ornament a room, or a city.

Syn. -- See Adorn.

ORNAMENTAL Or`na*men"tal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ornemental.]

Defn: Serving to ornament; characterized by ornament; beautifying; embellishing. Some think it most ornamental to wear their bracelets on their wrists; others, about their ankles. Sir T. Browne.

ORNAMENTALLY Or`na*men"tal*ly, adv.

Defn: By way of ornament.

ORNAMENTATION Or`na*men*ta"tion, n.

1. The act or art of ornamenting, or the state of being ornamented.

2. That which ornaments; ornament. C. Kingsley.

ORNAMENTER Or"na*ment*er, n.

Defn: One who ornaments; a decorator.

ORNATE Or*nate", a. Etym: [L. ornatus, p. p. of ornare to adorn.]

1. Adorned; decorated; beautiful. "So bedecked, ornate, and gay." Milton.

2. Finely finished, as a style of composition. A graceful and ornate rhetoric. Milton.

ORNATE Or*nate", v. t.

Defn: To adorn; to honor. [R.] They may ornate and sanctify the name of God. Latimer.

ORNATELY Or*nate"ly, adv.

Defn: In an ornate manner. Sir T. More.

ORNATENESS Or*nate"ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being ornate.

ORNATURE Or"na*ture, n. Etym: [L. ornatura.]

Defn: Decoration; ornamentation. [R.] Holinshed.

ORNITHIC Or*nith"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to birds; as, ornithic fossils. Owen.

ORNITHICHNITE Or`nith*ich"nite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The footmark of a bird occurring in strata of stone. Hitchcock.

ORNITHICHNOLOGY Or`nith*ich*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + ichnology.] (Paleon.)

Defn: The branch of science which treats of ornithichnites. Hitchcock.

ORNITHO- Ornitho-. Etym: [Cf. Ern.]

Defn: A combining form fr. Gr.

ORNITHODELPHIA Or*ni`tho*del"phi*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Same as Monotremata. -- Or`ni*tho*del"phid, a.

ORNITHOIDICHNITE Or`ni*thoid*ich"nite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -oid + Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil track resembling that of a bird. Hitchcock.

ORNITHOLITE Or*nith"o*lite, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -lite.] (Paleon.) (a) The fossil remains of a bird. (b) A stone of various colors bearing the figures of birds.

ORNITHOLOGIC; ORNITHOLOGICAL Or`ni*tho*log"ic, Or`ni*tho*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. ornithologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to ornithology.

ORNITHOLOGIST Or`ni*thol"o*gist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ornithologiste.]

Defn: One skilled in ornithology; a student of ornithology; one who describes birds.

ORNITHOLOGY Or`ni*thol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -logy: cf. F. ornithologie.]

1. That branch of zoölogy which treats of the natural history of birds and their classification.

2. A treatise or book on this science.

ORNITHOMANCY Or*nith"o*man`cy, n. Etym: [Gr. ornithomancie.]

Defn: Divination by means of birds, their flight, etc. Ornithomancy grew into an elaborate science. De Quincey.

ORNITHON Or*ni"thon, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: An aviary; a poultry house. Weale.

ORNITHOPAPPI Or*ni`tho*pap"pi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct order of birds. It includes only the Archæopteryx.

ORNITHOPODA Or`ni*thop"o*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ornitho-, and -poda.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of herbivorous dinosaurs with birdlike characteristics in the skeleton, esp. in the pelvis and hind legs, which in some genera had only three functional toes, and supported the body in walking as in Iguanodon. See Illust. in Appendix.

ORNITHORHYNCHUS Or`ni*tho*rhyn"chus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Duck mole, under Duck.

ORNITHOSAURIA Or*ni`tho*sau"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Ornitho-, and Sauria.] (Paleon.)

Defn: An order of extinct flying reptiles; -- called also Pterosauria.

ORNITHOSCELIDA Or*ni`tho*scel"i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of extinct Reptilia, intermediate in structure (especially with regard to the pelvis) between reptiles and birds. -- Or`ni*tho*scel"i*dan, a.

ORNITHOSCOPY Or`ni*thos"co*py, n. Etym: [Ornitho- + -scopy: cf. Gr.

Defn: Observation of birds and their habits. [R.] De Quincey.

ORNITHOTOMICAL Or`ni*tho*tom"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to ornithotomy.

ORNITHOTOMIST Or`ni*thot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One who is skilled in ornithotomy.

ORNITHOTOMY Or`ni*thot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The anatomy or dissection of birds.

OROGRAPH Or"o*graph, n. [Gr. mountain + -graph.] (Surveying)

Defn: A machine for use in making topographical maps. It is operated by being pushed across country, and not only records distances, like the perambulator, but also elevations.

OROGRAPHIC; OROGRAPHICAL Or`o*graph"ic, Or`o*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to orography.

OROGRAPHY O*rog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: That branch of science which treats of mountains and mountain systems; orology; as, the orography of Western Europe.

OROHELIOGRAPH Or`o*he"li*o*graph, n. [Gr. mountain + helio- + -graph.] (Photog.)

Defn: A camera for obtaining a circular panoramic view of the horizon. The photographic plate is placed horizontally with a vertical lens above. A mirror of peculiar shape reflects light from the entire horizon to the lens, by means of which it is focused upon the plate.

OROHIPPUS Or`o*hip"pus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of American Eocene mammals allied to the horse, but having four toes in front and three behind.

OROIDE O"roide, n. Etym: [F. or gold (L. aurum) + Gr.

Defn: An alloy, chiefly of copper and zinc or tin, resembling gold in color and brilliancy. [Written also oreide.]

OROLOGICAL Or`o*log"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. orologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to orology.

OROLOGIST O*rol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in orology.

OROLOGY O*rol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy: cf. F. orologie.]

Defn: The science or description of mountains.

OROMETER O*rom"e*ter, n. [Gr. mountain + -meter.] (Meteor.)

Defn: An aneroid barometer having a second scale that gives the approximate elevation above sea level of the place where the observation is made.

OROTUND O"ro*tund`, a. Etym: [L. os, oris, the mouth + rotundus round, smooth.]

Defn: Characterized by fullness, clearness, strength, and smoothness; ringing and musical; -- said of the voice or manner of utterance. -- n.

Defn: The orotund voice or utterance Rush.

OROTUNDITY O`ro*tun"di*ty, n.

Defn: The orotund mode of intonation.

ORPHALINE Or"pha*line, n.

Defn: See Orpheline. [Obs.]

ORPHAN Or"phan, n. Etym: [L. orphanus, Gr. orbus. Cf. Orb a blank window.]

Defn: A child bereaved of both father and mother; sometimes, also, a child who has but one parent living. Orphans' court (Law), a court in some of the States of the Union, having jurisdiction over the estates and persons of orphans or other wards. Bouvier.

ORPHAN Or"phan, a.

Defn: Bereaved of parents, or (sometimes) of one parent.

ORPHAN Or"phan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Orphaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Orphaning.]

Defn: To cause to become an orphan; to deprive of parents. Young.

ORPHANAGE Or"phan*age, n.

1. The state of being an orphan; orphanhood; orphans, collectively.

2. An institution or asylum for the care of orphans.

ORPHANCY Or"phan*cy, n.

Defn: Orphanhood. Sir P. Sidney.

ORPHANET Or"phan*et, n.

Defn: A little orphan. Drayton.

ORPHANHOOD Or"phan*hood, n.

Defn: The state or condition of being an orphan; orphanage.

ORPHANISM Or"phan*ism, n.

Defn: Orphanhood. [R.]

ORPHANOTROPHISM Or`phan*ot"ro*phism, n.

Defn: The care and support of orphans. [R.] Cotton Mather (1711).

ORPHANOTROPHY Or`phan*ot"ro*phy, n. Etym: [L. orphanotrophium, Gr.

1. A hospital for orphans. [R.] A. Chalmers.

2. The act of supporting orphans. [R.]

ORPHARION Or*pha"ri*on, n. (Mus.)

Defn: An old instrument of the lute or cittern kind. [Spelt also orpheoreon.]

ORPHEAN Or*phe"an, a. Etym: [L. Orphus, Gr.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Orpheus, the mythic poet and musician; as, Orphean strains. Cowper.

ORPHELINE Or"phe*line, n. Etym: [F. orphelin. See Orphan.]

Defn: An orphan. [Obs.] Udcll.

ORPHEUS Or"phe*us, n. Etym: [L. Orpheus, Gr. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: The famous mythic Thracian poet, son of the Muse Calliope, and husband of Eurydice. He is reputed to have had power to entrance beasts and inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.

ORPHIC Or"phic, a. Etym: [L. Orphicus, Gr.

Defn: Pertaining to Orpheus; Orphean; as, Orphic hymns.

ORPHREY Or"phrey, n. Etym: [See Orfrays.]

Defn: A band of rich embroidery, wholly or in part of gold, affixed to vestments, especially those of ecclesiastics. Pugin.

ORPIMENT Or"pi*ment, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. auripigmentum; aurum gold + pigmentum pigment. Cf. Aureate, Pigment, Orpin, Orpine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Arsenic sesquisulphide, produced artificially as an amorphous lemonyellow powder, and occurring naturally as a yellow crystalline mineral; -- formerly called auripigment. It is used in king's yellow, in white Indian fire, and in certain technical processes, as indigo printing. Our orpiment and sublimed mercurie. Chaucer. Red orpiment, realgar; the red sulphide of arsenic. -- Yellow orpiment, king's yellow.

ORPIN Or"pin, n. Etym: [F., orpiment, also, the plant orpine. See Orpiment.]

1. A yellow pigment of various degrees of intensity, approaching also to red.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: The orpine.

ORPINE Or"pine, n. Etym: [F. orpin the genus of plants which includes orpine; -- so called from the yellow blossoms of a common species (Sedum acre). See Orpiment.] (Bot.)

Defn: A low plant with fleshy leaves (Sedum telephium), having clusters of purple flowers. It is found on dry, sandy places, and on old walls, in England, and has become naturalized in America. Called also stonecrop, and live-forever. [Written also orpin.]

ORRACH Or"rach, n.

Defn: See Orach.

ORRERY Or"re*ry, n.; pl. Orreries. Etym: [So named in honor of the Earl of Orrery.]

Defn: An apparatus which illustrates, by the revolution of balls moved by wheelwork, the relative size, periodic motions, positions, orbits, etc., of bodies in the solar system.

ORRIS Or"ris, n. Etym: [Prob. corrupted from It. ireos iris. See Iris.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of the genus Iris (I. Florentina); a kind of flower-de- luce. Its rootstock has an odor resembling that of violets. Orris pea (Med.), an issue pea made from orris root. -- Orris root, the fragrant rootstock of the orris.

ORRIS Or"ris, n.

1. Etym: [Contr. from orfrays, or from arras.]

Defn: A sort of gold or silver lace. Johnson.

2. A peculiar pattern in which gold lace or silver lace is worked; especially, one in which the edges are ornamented with conical figures placed at equal distances, with spots between them.

ORSEDEW; ORSEDUE Orse"dew, Or"se*due, n.

Defn: Leaf metal of bronze; Dutch metal. See under Dutch.

ORSEILLE Or`seille", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Archil.

ORSELLIC Or*sel"lic, a. Etym: [From F. orseille archil. See Archil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in certain lichens, and called also lecanoric acid. [Formerly written also orseillic.]

ORSELLINIC Or`sel*lin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid obtained by a partial decomposition of orsellic acid as a white crystalline substance, and related to protocatechuic acid.

ORT Ort, n.; pl. Orts. Etym: [Akin to LG. ort, ortels, remnants of food, refuse, OFries. ort, OD. oorete, ooraete; prob. from the same prefix as in E. ordeal + a word akin to eat.]

Defn: A morsel left at a meal; a fragment; refuse; -- commonly used in the plural. Milton. Let him have time a beggar's orts to crave. Shak.

ORTALIDIAN Or`ta*lid"i*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous small two-winged flies of the family Ortalidæ. The larvæ of many of these flies live in fruit; those of others produce galls on various plants.

ORTHID Or"thid, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A brachiopod shell of the genus Orthis, and allied genera, of the family Orthidæ.

ORTHIS Or"this, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Brachiopoda, abundant in the Paleozoic rocks.

ORTHITE Or"thite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A variety of allanite occurring in slender prismatic crystals.

ORTHO- Or"tho-. Etym: [Gr. upright, vrdh to grow, to cause to grow.]

1. A combining form signifying straight, right, upright, correct, regular; as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox, orthographic.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively), designating: (a) (Inorganic Chem.) The one of several acids of the same element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually occurs with the greatest number of hydroxyl groups; as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. Normal. (b) (Organic Chem.)

Defn: Connection with, or affinity to, one variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene compounds; -- contrasted with meta- or para-; as, the ortho position; hence, designating any substance showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound.

Note: In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus (see Benzene nucleus, under Benzene), provisionally adopted, any substance exhibiting double substitution in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 & 4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as, orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4, 3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by meta-; as, resorcin or metaxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by para-; as, hydroquinone or paraxylene.

ORTHOCARBONIC Or`tho*car*bon"ic, a. Etym: [Ortho- + carbonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Designating a complex ether, C.(OC2H5)4, which is obtained as a liquid of a pleasant ethereal odor by means of chlorpicrin, and is believed to be a derivative of the hypothetical normal carbonic acid, C.(OH)4.

ORTHOCENTER Or`tho*cen"ter, n. Etym: [Ortho- + center.] (Geom.)

Defn: That point in which the three perpendiculars let fall from the angles of a triangle upon the opposite sides, or the sides produced, mutually intersect.

ORTHOCERAS Or*thoc"e*ras, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Paleozoic Cephalopoda, having a long, straight, conical shell. The interior is divided into numerous chambers by transverse septa.

ORTHOCERATITE Or`tho*cer"a*tite, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An orthoceras; also, any fossil shell allied to Orthoceras.

ORTHOCLASE Or"tho*clase, n. Etym: [Ortho- + Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Common or potash feldspar crystallizing in the monoclinic system and having two cleavages at right angles to each other. See Feldspar.

ORTHOCLASTIC Or`tho*clas"tic, a. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Breaking in directions at right angles to each other; -- said of the monoclinic feldspars.

ORTHODIAGONAL Or`tho*di*ag"o*nal, n. Etym: [Ortho- + diagonal.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: The diagonal or lateral axis in a monoclinic crystal which is at right angles with the vertical axis.

ORTHODOME Or"tho*dome, n. Etym: [Ortho- + dome.] (Crystallog.)

Defn: See the Note under Dome, 4.

ORTHODOX Or"tho*dox, a. Etym: [L. orthodoxus, Gr. orthodoxe. See Ortho-, Dogma.]

1. Sound in opinion or doctrine, especially in religious doctrine; hence, holding the Christian faith; believing the doctrines taught in the Scriptures; -- opposed to Ant: heretical and Ant: heterodox; as, an orthodox Christian.

2. According or congruous with the doctrines of Scripture, the creed of a church, the decree of a council, or the like; as, an orthodox opinion, book, etc.

3. Approved; conventional. He saluted me on both cheeks in the orthodox manner. H. R. Haweis.

Note: The term orthodox differs in its use among the various Christian communions. The Greek Church styles itself the "Holy Orthodox Apostolic Church," regarding all other bodies of Christians as more or less heterodox. The Roman Catholic Church regards the Protestant churches as heterodox in many points. In the United States the term orthodox is frequently used with reference to divergent views on the doctrine of the Trinity. Thus it has been common to speak of the Trinitarian Congregational churches in distinction from the Unitarian, as Orthodox. The name is also applied to the conservative, in distinction from the "liberal", or Hicksite, body in the Society of Friends. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.

ORTHODOXAL Or"tho*dox`al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox. [R.] Milton.

ORTHODOXALITY Or`tho*dox*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: Orthodoxness. [R.]

ORTHODOXALLY Or"tho*dox`al*ly, adv.

Defn: Orthodoxly. [R.] Milton

ORTHODOXASTICAL Or`tho*dox*as"tic*al, a.

Defn: Orthodox. [Obs.]

ORTHODOXICAL Or`tho*dox"ic*al, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or evincing, orthodoxy; orthodox.

ORTHODOXLY Or"tho*dox`ly, adv.

Defn: In an orthodox manner; with soundness of faith. Sir W. Hamilton.

ORTHODOXNESS Or"tho*dox`ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being orthodox; orthodoxy. Waterland.

ORTHODOXY Or"tho*dox`y, n. Etym: [Gr. orthodoxie. See Orthodox.]

1. Soundness of faith; a belief in the doctrines taught in the Scriptures, or in some established standard of faith; -- opposed to heterodoxy or to heresy. Basil himself bears full and clear testimony to Gregory's orthodoxy. Waterland.