Chapter LIX: Appendix: Vermiformis (38)

BUMP Bump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Bumping.] Etym: [Cf. W. pwmp round mass, pwmpiaw to thump, bang, and E. bum, v.i., boom to roar.]

Defn: To strike, as with or against anything large or solid; to thump; as, to bump the head against a wall.

BUMP Bump, v. i.

Defn: To come in violent contact with something; to thump. "Bumping and jumping." Southey.

BUMP Bump, n. Etym: [From Bump to strike, to thump.]

1. A thump; a heavy blow.

2. A swelling or prominence, resulting from a bump or blow; a protuberance. It had upon its brow A bump as big as a young cockerel's stone. Shak.

3. (Phren.)

Defn: One of the protuberances on the cranium which are associated with distinct faculties or affections of the mind; as, the bump of "veneration;" the bump of "acquisitiveness." [Colloq.]

4. The act of striking the stern of the boat in advance with the prow of the boat following. [Eng.]

BUMP Bump, v. i. Etym: [See Boom to roar.]

Defn: To make a loud, heavy, or hollow noise, as the bittern; to boom. As a bittern bumps within a reed. Dryden.

BUMP Bump, n.

Defn: The noise made by the bittern.

BUMPER Bum"per, n. Etym: [A corruption of bumbard, bombard, a large drinking vessel.]

1. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the liquor runs over, particularly in drinking a health or toast. He frothed his bumpers to the brim. Tennyson.

2. A covered house at a theater, etc., in honor of some favorite performer. [Cant]

BUMPER Bump"er, n.

1. That which bumps or causes a bump.

2. Anything which resists or deadens a bump or shock; a buffer.

BUMPKIN Bump"kin, n. Etym: [The same word as bumkin, which Cotgrave defines thus: "Bumkin, Fr. chicambault, the luffe-block, a long and thick piece of wood, whereunto the fore-sayle and sprit-sayle are fastened, when a ship goes by the winde." Hence, a clumsy man may easily have been compared to such a block of wood; cf. OD. boomken a little tree. See Boom a pole.]

Defn: An awkward, heavy country fellow; a clown; a country lout. "Bashful country bumpkins." W. Irving.

BUMPTIOUS Bump"tious, a.

Defn: Self-conceited; forward; pushing. [Colloq.] Halliwell.

BUMPTIOUSNESS Bump"tious*ness, n.

Defn: Conceitedness. [Colloq.]

BUN; BUNN Bun, Bunn, n. Etym: [Scot. bun, bunn, OE. bunne, bonne; fr. Celtic; cf. Ir. bunna, Gael. bonnach, or OF. bugne tumor, Prov. F. bugne a kind of pancake; akin to OHG. bungo bulb, MHG. bunge, Prov. E. bung heap, cluster, bunny a small swelling.]

Defn: A slightly sweetened raised cake or bisquit with a glazing of sugar and milk on the top crust.

BUNCH Bunch, n. Etym: [Akin to OSw. & Dan. bunke heap, Icel. bunki heap, pile, bunga tumor, protuberance; cf. W. pwng cluster. Cf. Bunk.]

1. A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump. They will carry . . . their treasures upon the bunches of camels. Isa. xxx. 6.

2. A collection, cluster, or tuft, properly of things of the same kind, growing or fastened together; as, a bunch of grapes; a bunch of keys.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A small isolated mass of ore, as distinguished from a continuous vein. Page.

BUNCH Bunch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Buncheder (p. pr. & vb.n. Bunchinger.]

Defn: To swell out into a bunch or protuberance; to be protuberant or round. Bunching out into a large round knob at one end. Woodward.

BUNCH Bunch, v. t.

Defn: To form into a bunch or bunches.

BUNCH-BACKED Bunch"-backed`, a.

Defn: Having a bunch on the back; crooked. "Bunch-backed toad." Shak.

BUNCHBERRY Bunch"ber`ry, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The dwarf cornel (Cornus Canadensis), which bears a dense cluster of bright red, edible berries.

BUNCH GRASS Bunch" grass`. (Bot.)

Defn: A grass growing in bunches and affording pasture. In California, Atropis tenuifolia, Festuca scabrella, and several kinds of Stipa are favorite bunch grasses. In Utah, Eriocoma cuspidata is a good bunch grass.

BUNCHINESS Bunch"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or condition of being bunchy; knobbiness.

BUNCHY Bunch"y, a.

1. Swelling out in bunches. An unshapen, bunchy spear, with bark unpiled. Phaer.

2. Growing in bunches, or resembling a bunch; having tufts; as, the bird's bunchy tail.

3. (Mining)

Defn: Yielding irregularly; sometimes rich, sometimes poor; as, a bunchy mine. Page.

BUNCOMBE; BUNKUM Bun"combe, Bun"kum, n. Etym: [Buncombe a country of North Carolina.]

Defn: Speech-making for the gratification of constituents, or to gain public applause; flattering talk for a selfish purpose; anything said for mere show. [Cant or Slang, U.S.] All that flourish about right of search was bunkum -- all that brag about hanging your Canada sheriff was bunkum . . . slavery speeches are all bunkum. Haliburton. To speak for Buncombe, to speak for mere show, or popularly.

Note: "The phrase originated near the close of the debate on the famous 'Missouri Question,' in the 16th Congress. It was then used by Felix Walker -- a naïve old mountaineer, who resided at Waynesville, in Haywood, the most western country of North Carolina, near the border of the adjacent country of Buncombe, which formed part of his district. The old man rose to speak, while the house was impatiently calling for the 'Question,' and several members gathered round him, begging him to desist. He preserved, however, for a while, declaring that the people of his district expected it, and that he was bound to 'make a speech for Buncombe.'" W. Darlington.

BUND Bund, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: League; confederacy; esp. the confederation of German states.

BUND Bund, n. Etym: [Hindi band.]

Defn: An embankment against inundation. [India] S. Wells Williams.

BUNDER Bun"der, n. Etym: [Pers. bandar a landing place, pier.]

Defn: A boat or raft used in the East Indies in the landing of passengers and goods.

BUNDESRATH Bun"des*rath`, n. Etym: [G., from bund (akin to E. bond) confederacy + rath council, prob. akin to E. read.]

Defn: The federal council of the German Empire. In the Bundesrath and the Reichstag are vested the legislative functions. The federal council of Switzerland is also so called.

Note: The Bundesrath of the German empire is presided over by a chancellor, and is composed of sixty-two members, who represent the different states of the empire, being appointed for each session by their respective governments. By this united congress, the highest tribunal of Switzerland, -- the Bundesrath -- is chosen, and the head of this is a president. J. P. Peters (Trans. Müller's Pol. Hist. ).

BUNDES-VERSAMMLUNG Bun"des-Ver*samm"lung, n. [G.; bund confederacy + versammlung assembly.]

Defn: See Legislature, Switzerland.

BUNDLE Bun"dle, n. Etym: [OE. bundel, AS. byndel; akin to D. bondel, bundel, G. bündel, dim. of bund bundle, fr. the root of E. bind. See Bind.]

Defn: A number of things bound together, as by a cord or envelope, into a mass or package convenient for handling or conveyance; a loose package; a roll; as, a bundle of straw or of paper; a bundle of old clothes. The fable of the rods, which, when united in a bundle, no strength could bend. Goldsmith. Bundle pillar (Arch.), a column or pier, with others of small dimensions attached to it. Weale.

BUNDLE Bun"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bundled (p. pr. & vb.n. Bundling (.]

1. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll.

2. To send off abruptly or without ceremony. They unmercifully bundled me and my gallant second into our own hackney coach. T. Hook. To bundle off, to send off in a hurry, or without ceremony. -- To bundle one's self up, to wrap one's self up warmly or cumbrously.

BUNDLE Bun"dle, v. i.

1. To prepare for departure; to set off in a hurry or without ceremony.

2. To sleep on the same bed without undressing; -- applied to the custom of a man and woman, especially lovers, thus sleeping. Bartlett. Van Corlear stopped occasionally in the villages to eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and bundle with the Yankee lasses. W. Irving.

BUNDOBUST Bun"do*bust, n. [Hind. & Per. bando-bast tying and binding.]

Defn: System; discipline. [India]

He has more bundobust than most men. Kipling.

BUNG Bung, n. Etym: [Cf. W. bwng orfice, bunghole, Ir. buinne tap, spout, OGael. buine.]

1. The large stopper of the orifice in the bilge of a cask.

2. The orifice in the bilge of a cask through which it is filled; bunghole.

3. A sharper or pickpocket. [Obs. & Low] You filthy bung, away. Shak.

BUNG Bung, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bunged; p. pr. & vb. n. Bunging.]

Defn: To stop, as the orifice in the bilge of a cask, with a bung; to close; -- with up. To bung up, to use up, as by bruising or over exertion; to exhaust or incapacitate for action. [Low] He had bunged up his mouth that he should not have spoken these three years. Shelton (Trans. Don Quixote).

BUNGALOW Bun"ga*low, n. Etym: [Bengalee bangla]

Defn: A thatched or tiled house or cottage, of a single story, usually surrounded by a veranda. [India]

BUNGARUM Bun"ga*rum, n. Etym: [Bungar, the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A venomous snake of India, of the genus Bungarus, allied to the cobras, but without a hood.

BUNGHOLE Bung"hole`, n.

Defn: See Bung, n., 2. Shak.

BUNGLE Bun"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bungled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Bungling.] Etym: [Prob. a diminutive from, akin to bang; cf. Prov. G. bungen to beat, bang, OSw. bunga. See Bang.]

Defn: To act or work in a clumsy, awkward manner.

BUNGLE Bun"gle, v. t.

Defn: To make or mend clumsily; to manage awkwardly; to botch; -- sometimes with up. I always had an idea that it would be bungled. Byron.

BUNGLE Bun"gle, n.

Defn: A clumsy or awkward performance; a botch; a gross blunder. Those errors and bungles which are committed. Cudworth.

BUNGLER Bun"gler, n.

Defn: A clumsy, awkward workman; one who bungles. If to be a dunce or a bungler in any profession be shameful, how much more ignominious and infamous to a scholar to be such! Barrow.

BUNGLING Bun"gling, a.

Defn: Unskillful; awkward; clumsy; as, a bungling workman. Swift. They make but bungling work. Dryden.

BUNGLINGLY Bun"gling*ly, adv.

Defn: Clumsily; awkwardly.

BUNGO Bun"go, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A kind of canoe used in Central and South America; also, a kind of boat used in the Southern United States. Bartlett.

BUNION Bun"ion, n. (Med.)

Defn: Same as Bunyon.

BUNK Bunk, n. Etym: [Cf. OSw. bunke heap, also boaring, flooring. Cf. Bunch.]

1. A wooden case or box, which serves for a seat in the daytime and for a bed at night. [U.S.]

2. One of a series of berths or bed places in tiers.

3. A piece of wood placed on a lumberman's sled to sustain the end of heavy timbers. [Local, U.S.]

BUNK Bunk, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bunked; p. pr. & vb. n. Bunking.]

Defn: To go to bed in a bunk; -- sometimes with in. [Colloq. U.S.] Bartlett.

BUNKER Bun"ker, n. Etym: [Scot. bunker, bunkart, a bench, or low chest, serving for a seat. Cf. Bunk, Bank, Bench.]

1. A sort of chest or box, as in a window, the lid of which serves for a seat. [Scot.] Jamieson.

2. A large bin or similar receptacle; as, a coal bunker.

BUNKO Bun"ko, n. Etym: [Sf. Sp. banco bank, banca a sort of game at cards. Cf. Bank (in the commercial sense).]

Defn: A kind of swindling game or scheme, by means of cards or by a sham lottery. [Written also bunco.] Bunko steerer, a person employed as a decoy in bunko. [Slang, U.S.]

BUNKUM Bun"kum, n.

Defn: See Buncombe.

BUNN Bunn, n.

Defn: See Bun.

BUNNIAN Bun"nian, n.

Defn: See Bunyon.

BUNNY Bun"ny, n. (Mining)

Defn: A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or going out from it.

BUNNY Bun"ny, n.

Defn: A pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel.

BUNODONTA; BUNODONTS Bu`no*don"ta, Bu"no*donts, n. pl. Etym: [NL. bunodonta, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of the herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; -- so called because the teeth are tuberculated.

BUNSEN CELL Bun"sen cell. (Elec.)

Defn: A zinc-carbon cell in which the zinc (amalgamated) is surrounded by dilute sulphuric acid, and the carbon by nitric acid or a chromic acid mixture, the two plates being separated by a porous cup.

BUNSEN'S BATTERY; BUNSEN'S BURNER Bun"sen's bat"ter*y, Bun"sen's burn`er.

Defn: See under Battery, and Burner.

BUNT Bunt, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fungus (Ustilago foetida) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; -- also called pepperbrand.

BUNT Bunt, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. bunt bundle, Dan. bundt, G. bund, E. bundle.] (Naut.)

Defn: The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard. Totten.

BUNT Bunt, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To swell out; as, the sail bunts.

BUNT Bunt, v. t. & i.

Defn: To strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the boy.

BUNTER Bun"ter, n.

Defn: A woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar woman. [Cant] Her . . . daughters, like bunters in stuff gowns. Goldsmith.

BUNTING Bun"ting, n. Etym: [Scot. buntlin, corn-buntlin, OE. bunting, buntyle; of unknown origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird of the genus Emberiza, or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family Fringillidæ).

Note: Among European species are the common or corn bunting (Emberiza miliaria); the ortolan (E. hortulana); the cirl (E. cirlus); and the black-headed (Granitivora melanocephala). American species are the bay-winged or grass (Poöcætes or Pooecetes gramineus); the black- throated (Spiza Americana); the towhee bunting or chewink (Pipilo); the snow bunting (Plectrophanax nivalis); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See Ortolan, Chewick, Snow bunting, Lark bunting.

BUNTING; BUNTINE Bun"ting, Bun"tine, n. Etym: [Prov. E. bunting sifting flour, OE. bonten to sift, hence prob. the material used for that purpose.]

Defn: A thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.

BUNTLINE Bunt"line, n. Etym: [2d bunt + line.] (Naut.)

Defn: One of the ropes toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard the body of the sail when taking it in. Totten.

BUNYON; BUNION Bun"yon, Bun"ion, n. Etym: [Cf. Prov. E. bunny a small swelling, fr. OF. bugne, It. bugna, bugnone. See Bun.] (Med.)

Defn: An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the bursæ muscosæ), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe.

BUOY Buoy, n. Etym: [D. boei buoy, fetter, fr. OF. boie, buie, chain, fetter, F. bouée a buoy, from L. boia. "Boiae genus vinculorum tam ferreae quam ligneae." Festus. So called because chained to its place.] (Naut.)

Defn: A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc. Anchor buoy, a buoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor. -- Bell buoy, a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves. -- Breeches buoy. See under Breeches. -- Cable buoy, an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. -- Can buoy, a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pear-shaped. -- Life buoy, a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them. -- Nut or Nun buoy, a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end. -- To stream the buoy, to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor. -- Whistling buoy, a buoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves.

BUOY Buoy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Buoyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Buoying.]

1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; -- with up.

2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency. Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title. Burke.

3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel. Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by this floating weed. Darwin.

BUOY Buoy, v. i.

Defn: To float; to rise like a buoy. "Rising merit will buoy up at last." Pope.

BUOYAGE Buoy"age, n.

Defn: Buoys, taken collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels into or out of port; the providing of buoys.

BUOYANCE Buoy"ance, n.

Defn: Buoyancy. [R.]

BUOYANCY Buoy"an*cy, n.; pl. Buoyancies (.

1. The property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water.

2. (Physics)

Defn: The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced. Such are buoyancies or displacements of the different classes of her majesty's ships. Eng. Cyc.

3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; -- the opposite of Ant: heaviness; as, buoyancy of spirits.

BUOYANT Buoy"ant, a. Etym: [From Buoy, v. t. & i.]

1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to rise or float; as, iron is buoyant in mercury. "Buoyant on the flood." Pope.

2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being specifically heavier. The water under me was buoyant. Dryden.

3. Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition; buoyant spirits. -- Buoy"ant*ly, adv.

BUPRESTIDAN Bu*pres"ti*dan, n. Etym: [L. buprestis, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles, of the genus Buprestis and allied genera, usually with brilliant metallic colors. The larvæ are usually bores in timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to trees.

BUR; BURR Bur, Burr, n. Etym: [OE. burre burdock; cf. Dan. borre, OSw. borra, burdock, thistle; perh. akin to E. bristle (burr- for burz-), or perh. to F. bourre hair, wool, stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, "the downe, or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are covered," fr. L. burrae trifles, LL. reburrus rough.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs. Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton. Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson.

2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See Burr, n., 2.

3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr, n., 4.

4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr, n., 5.

5. The sweetbread.

6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick.

7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular saw. (b) A triangular chisel. (c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; -- used by dentists.

8. Etym: [Cf. Gael. borr, borra, a knob, bunch.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written burr.] Bur oak (Bot.), a useful and ornamental species of oak (Quercus macrocarpa) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, close-grained, and durable. -- Bur reed (Bot.), a plant of the genus Sparganium, having long ribbonlike leaves.

BURBOLT Bur"bolt`, n.

Defn: A birdbolt. [Obs.] Ford.

BURBOT Bur"bot, n. Etym: [F. barbote, fr. barbe beard. See 1st Barb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fresh-water fish of the genus Lota, having on the nose two very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin. [Written also burbolt.]

Note: The fish is also called an eelpout or ling, and is allied to the codfish. The Lota vulgaris is a common European species. An American species (L. maculosa) is found in New England, the Great Lakes, and farther north.

BURDELAIS Bur`de*lais", n. Etym: [F. bourdelais, prob. fr. bordelais. See Bordelais.]

Defn: A sort of grape. Jonson.

BURDEN Bur"den, n. [Written also burthen.] Etym: [OE. burden, burthen, birthen, birden, AS. byredhen; akin to Icel. byredhi, Dan. byrde, Sw. börda, G. bürde, OHG. burdi, Goth. baúr, fr. the root of E. bear, AS. beran, Goth. bairan. *92. See 1st Bear.]

1. That which is borne or carried; a load. Plants with goodly burden bowing. Shak.

2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive. Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown. Swift.

3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden.

4. (Mining)

Defn: The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.

5. (Metal.)

Defn: The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace. Raymond.

6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds.

7. A birth. [Obs. & R.] Shak. Beast of burden, an animal employed in carrying burdens. -- Burden of proof Etym: [L. onus probandi] (Law), the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed.

Syn. -- Burden, Load. A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load, we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome.

BURDEN Bur"den, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burdened; p. pr. & vb. n. Burdening.]

1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load. I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened. 2 Cor. viii. 13.

2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes. My burdened heart would break. Shak.

3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). [R.] It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell. Coleridge.

Syn. -- To load; encumber; overload; oppress.

BURDEN Bur"den, n. Etym: [OE. burdoun the bass in music, F. bourdon; cf. LL. burdo drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule. Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Bourdon.]

1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a prayer. I would sing my song without a burden. Shak.

2. The drone of a bagpipe. Ruddiman.

BURDEN Bur"den, n. Etym: [See Burdon.]

Defn: A club. [Obs.] Spenser.

BURDENER Bur"den*er, n.

Defn: One who loads; a oppressor.

BURDENOUS Bur"den*ous, a.

Defn: Burdensome. [Obs.] "Burdenous taxations." Shak.

BURDENSOME Bur"den*some, a.

Defn: Grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive. The debt immense of endless gratitude So burdensome. Milton.

Syn. -- Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous; oppressive; troublesome. -- Bur"den*some*ly, adv. -- Bur"den*some*ness, n.

BURDOCK Bur"dock, n. Etym: [Bur + dock the plant.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of coarse biennial herbs (Lappa), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals.

Note: The common burdock is the Lappa officinalis.

BURDON Bur"don, n. Etym: [See Bourdon.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff. [Written also burden.] Rom. of R.

BUREAU Bu"reau, n.; pl. E. Bureaus, F. Bureaux. Etym: [F. bureau a writing table, desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often covered, equiv. to F. bure, and fr. OF. buire dark brown, the stuff being named from its color, fr. L. burrus red, fr. Gr. Fire, n., and cf. Borel, n.]

1. Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers. Swift.

2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business requiring writing is transacted.

3. Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who labor under the direction of a chief.

Note: On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most countries, have the name of bureaux; as, the Bureau of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In England and America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate departments; as, the "Pension Bureau," a subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. [Obs.] In Spanish, bureo denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household.

4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an ornamental piece of furniture. [U.S.] Bureau system. See Bureaucracy. -- Bureau Veritas, an institution, in the interest of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830, and reëstablished in Brussels in 1870.

BUREAUCRACY Bu*reau"cra*cy, n. Etym: [Bureau + Gr. bureaucratie.]

1. A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system.

2. Government officials, collectively.

BUREAUCRAT Bu*reau"crat, n.

Defn: An official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and arbitrary routine. C. Kingsley.

BUREAUCRATIC; BUREAUCRATICAL Bu`reau*crat"ic, Bu`reau*crat"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. bureaucratique.]

Defn: Of, relating to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.

BUREAUCRATIST Bu*reau"cra*tist, n.

Defn: An advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.

BUREL Bur"el, n. & a.

Defn: Same as Borrel.

BURETTE Bu*rette", n. Etym: [F., can, cruet, dim. of buire flagon.] (Chem.)

Defn: An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube, usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock.

BUR FISH Bur" fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur; -- called also ball fish, balloon fish, and swellfish.

BURG Burg, n. Etym: [AS. burh, burg, cf. LL. burgus. See 1st Borough.]

1. A fortified town. [Obs.]

2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st Borough.

BURGAGE Burg"age, n. Etym: [From Burg: cf. F. bourgage, LL. burgagium.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A tenure by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services relating to trade or handicraft. Burrill.

BURGALL Bur"gall, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small marine fish; -- also called cunner.

BURGAMOT Bur"ga*mot, n.

Defn: See Bergamot.

BURGANET Bur"ga*net, n.

Defn: See Burgonet.

BURGEE Bur"gee, n.

1. A kind of small coat.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: A swallow-tailed flag; a distinguishing pen

BURGEOIS Bur*geois", n. (Print.)

Defn: See 1st Bourgeous.

BURGEOIS Bur*geois", n.

Defn: A burgess; a citizen. See 2d Bourgeois. [R.] Addison.

BURGEON Bur"geon, v. i.

Defn: To bud. See Bourgeon.

BURGESS Bur"gess, n. Etym: [OE. burgeis, OF. burgeis, fr. burcfortified town, town, F. bourg village, fr. LL. burgus fort, city; from the German; cf. MHG. burc, G. burg. See 1st Borough, and cf. 2d Bourgeois.]

1. An inhabitant of a borough or walled town, or one who possesses a tenement therein; a citizen or freeman of a borough. Blackstone.

Note: "A burgess of a borough corresponds with a citizen of a city." Burrill.

2. One who represents a borough in Parliament.

3. A magistrate of a borough.

4. An inhabitant of a Scotch burgh qualified to vote for municipal officers.

Note: Before the Revolution, the representatives in the popular branch of the legislature of Virginia were called burgesses; they are now called delegates. Burgess oath. See Burgher, 2.

BURGESS-SHIP Bur"gess-ship, n.

Defn: The state of privilege of a burgess. South.

BURGGRAVE Burg"grave, n. Etym: [G. burggraf; burg fortress + graf count: cf. D. burggraaf, F. burgrave. See Margrave.] (Gremany)

Defn: Originally, one appointed to the command of a burg (fortress or castle); but the title afterward became hereditary, with a domain attached.

BURGH Burgh, n. Etym: [OE. See Burg.]

Defn: A borough or incorporated town, especially, one in Scotland. See Borough.

BURGHAL Burgh"al, a.

Defn: Belonging of a burgh.

BURGHBOTE Burgh"bote`, n. Etym: [Burgh + bote.] (Old Law)

Defn: A contribution toward the building or repairing of castles or walls for the defense of a city or town.

BURGHBRECH Burgh"brech`, n. Etym: [Burgh + F. brèche, equiv. to E. breach.] (AS. Law)

Defn: The offense of violating the pledge given by every inhabitant of a tithing to keep the peace; breach of the peace. Burrill.

BURGHER Burgh"er, n. Etym: [From burgh; akin to D. burger, G. bürger, Dan. borger, Sw. borgare. See Burgh.]

1. A freeman of a burgh or borough, entitled to enjoy the privileges of the place; any inhabitant of a borough.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A member of that party, among the Scotch seceders, which asserted the lawfulness of the burgess oath (in which burgesses profess "the true religion professed within the realm"), the opposite party being called antiburghers.

Note: These parties arose among the Presbyterians of Scotland, in 1747, and in 1820 reunited under the name of the "United Associate Synod of the Secession Church."

BURGHERMASTER Burgh"er*mas`ter, n.

Defn: See Burgomaster.

BURGHERSHIP Burgh"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state or privileges of a burgher.

BURGHMASTER Burgh"mas`ter, n.

1. A burgomaster.

2. (Mining)

Defn: An officer who directs and lays out the meres or boundaries for the workmen; -- called also bailiff, and barmaster. [Eng.]

BURGHMOTE Burgh"mote`, n. (AS. Law) Etym: [Burgh + mote meeting.]

Defn: A court or meeting of a burgh or borough; a borough court held three times yearly.

BURGLAR Bur"glar, n. Etym: [OE. burg town, F. bourg, fr. LL. burgus (of German origin) + OF. lere thief, fr. L. latro. See Borough, and Larceny.] (Law)

Defn: One guilty of the crime of burglary. Burglar alarm, a device for giving alarm if a door or window is opened from without.

BURGLARER Bur"glar*er, n.

Defn: A burglar. [Obs.]

BURGLARIOUS Bur*gla"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Pertaining to burglary; constituting the crime of burglary. To come down a chimney is held a burglarious entry. Blackstone.

BURGLARIOUSLY Bur*gla"ri*ous*ly, adv.

Defn: With an intent to commit burglary; in the manner of a burglar. Blackstone.

BURGLARY Bur"gla*ry, n.; pl. Burglaries (. Etym: [Fr. Burglar; cf. LL. burglaria.] (Law)

Defn: Breaking and entering the dwelling house of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony therein, whether the felonious purpose be accomplished or not. Wharton. Burrill.

Note: By statute law in some of the United States, burglary includes the breaking with felonious intent into a house by day as well as by night, and into other buildings than dwelling houses. Various degrees of the crime are established.

BURGOMASTER Bur"go*mas`ter, n. Etym: [D. burgemeester; burg borough + meester master; akin to G. burgemeister, bürgermeister. See 1st Borough, and Master.]

1. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in Holland, Flanders, and Germany, corresponding to mayor in England and the United States; a burghmaster.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An aquatic bird, the glaucous gull (Larus glaucus), common in arctic regions.

BURGONET Bur"go*net, n. Etym: [F. bouruignotte, because the Burgundians, F. Bouruignons, first used it.]

Defn: A kind of helmet. [Written also burganet.] Shak.

BURGOO Bur"goo, n. Etym: [Prov. E. burgood yeast, perh. fr. W. burym yeast + cawl cabbage, gruel.]

Defn: A kind of oatmeal pudding, or thick gruel, used by seamen. [Written also burgout.]

BURGRASS Bur"grass`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Grass of the genus Cenchrus, growing in sand, and having burs for fruit.

BURGRAVE Bur"grave, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Burggrave.

BURGUNDY Bur"gun*dy, n.

1. An old province of France (in the eastern central part).

2. A richly flavored wine, mostly red, made in Burgundy, France. Burgundy pitch, a resinous substance prepared from the exudation of the Norway spruce (Abies excelsa) by melting in hot water and straining through cloth. The genuine Burgundy pitch, supposed to have been first prepared in Burgundy, is rare, but there are many imitations. It has a yellowish brown color, is translucent and hard, but viscous. It is used in medicinal plasters.

BURH Burh, n.

Defn: See Burg. [Obs.]

BURHEL; BURRHEL Bur"hel, Burr"hel, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The wild Himalayan, or blue, sheep (Ovis burrhel).

BURIAL Bur"i*al, n. Etym: [OE. buriel, buriels, grave, tomb, AS. byrgels, fr. byrgan to bury, and akin to OS. burgisli sepulcher.]

1. A grave; a tomb; a place of sepulture. [Obs.] The erthe schook, and stoones weren cloven, and biriels weren opened. Wycliff [Matt. xxvii. 51, 52].

2. The act of burying; depositing a dead body in the earth, in a tomb or vault, or in the water, usually with attendant ceremonies; sepulture; interment. "To give a public burial." Shak. Now to glorious burial slowly borne. Tennyson. Burial case, a form of coffin, usually of iron, made to close air- tight, for the preservation of a dead body. -- Burial ground, a piece of ground selected and set apart for a place of buriials, and consecrated to such use by religious ceremonies. -- Burial place, any place where burials are made. -- Burial service. (a) The religious service performed at the interment of the dead; a funeral service. (b) That portion of a liturgy which is read at an interment; as, the English burial service.

Syn. -- Sepulture; interment; inhumation.

BURIER Bur"i*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, buries. Till the buriers have buried it. Ezek. xxxix. 15. And darkness be the burier of the dead. Shak.

BURIN Bu"rin, n. Etym: [F. burin, cf. It. burino, bulino; prob. from OHG. bora borer, boron to bore, G. bohren. See 1st Bore.]

1. The cutting tool of an engraver on metal, used in line engraving. It is made of tempered steel, one end being ground off obliquely so as to produce a sharp point, and the other end inserted in a handle; a graver; also, the similarly shaped tool used by workers in marble.

2. The manner or style of execution of an engraver; as, a soft burin; a brilliant burin.

BURINIST Bu"rin*ist, n.

Defn: One who works with the burin. For. Quart. Rev.

BURION Bu"ri*on, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The red-breasted house sparrow of California (Carpodacus frontalis); -- called also crimson-fronted bullfinch. [Written also burrion.]

BURKE Burke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burkeder, p. pr. & vb.n. Burkinger.] Etym: [From one Burke of Edinburgh, who committed the crime in 1829.]

1. To murder by suffocation, or so as to produce few marks of violence, for the purpose of obtaining a body to be sold for dissection.

2. To dispose of quietly or indirectly; to suppress; to smother; to shelve; as, to burke a parliamentary question. The court could not burke an inquiry, supported by such a mass of a affidavits. C. Reade.

BURKISM Burk"ism, n.

Defn: The practice of killing persons for the purpose of selling their bodies for dissection.

BURL Burl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burled (; p. pr. & vb. n. Burling.] Etym: [OE. burle stuffing, or a knot in cloth; cf. F. bourlet, bourrelet, OF. bourel, a wreath or a roll of cloth, linen, or leather, stuffed with flocks, etc., dim. of bourre. *92. See Bur.]

Defn: To dress or finish up (cloth); to pick knots, burs, loose threads, etc., from, as in finishing cloth. Burling iron, a peculiar kind of nippers or tweezers used in burling woolen cloth.

BURL Burl, n.

1. A knot or lump in thread or cloth.

2. An overgrown knot, or an excrescence, on a tree; also, veneer made from such excrescences.

BURLAP Bur"lap, n.

Defn: A coarse fabric, made of jute or hemp, used for bagging; also, a finer variety of similar material, used for curtains, etc. [Written also burlaps.]

BURLER Burl"er, n.

Defn: One who burls or dresses cloth.

BURLESQUE Bur*lesque", a. Etym: [F. burlesque, fr. It. burlesco, fr. burla jest, mockery, perh. for burrula, dim. of L. burrae trifles. See Bur.]

Defn: Tending to excite laughter or contempt by extravagant images, or by a contrast between the subject and the manner of treating it, as when a trifling subject is treated with mock gravity; jocular; ironical. It is a dispute among the critics, whether burlesque poetry runs best in heroic verse, like that of the Dispensary, or in doggerel, like that of Hudibras. Addison.

BURLESQUE Bur*lesque", n.

1. Ludicrous representation; exaggerated parody; grotesque satire. Burlesque is therefore of two kinds; the first represents mean persons in the accouterments of heroes, the other describes great persons acting and speaking like the basest among the people. Addison.

2. An ironical or satirical composition intended to excite laughter, or to ridicule anything. The dull burlesque appeared with impudence, And pleased by novelty in spite of sense. Dryden.

3. A ludicrous imitation; a caricature; a travesty; a gross perversion. Who is it that admires, and from the heart is attached to, national representative assemblies, but must turn with horror and disgust from such a profane burlesque and abominable perversion of that sacred institute Burke.

Syn. -- Mockery; farce; travesty; mimicry.

BURLESQUE Bur*lesque", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burlesqued; p. pr. & vb. n. Burlesquing.]

Defn: To ridicule, or to make ludicrous by grotesque representation in action or in language. They burlesqued the prophet Jeremiah's words, and turned the expression he used into ridicule. Stillingfleet.

BURLESQUE Bur*lesque", v. i.

Defn: To employ burlesque.

BURLESQUER Bur*les"quer, n.

Defn: One who burlesques.

BURLETTA Bur*let"ta, n. Etym: [It., dim. of burla mockery. See Burlesque, a.] (Mus.)

Defn: A comic operetta; a music farce. Byron.

BURLINESS Bur"li*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being burly.

BURLY Bur"ly, a. Etym: [OE. burlich strong, excellent; perh. orig. fit for a lady's bower, hence handsome, manly, stout. Cf. Bower.]

1. Having a large, strong, or gross body; stout; lusty; -- now used chiefly of human beings, but formerly of animals, in the sense of stately or beautiful, and of inanimate things that were huge and bulky. "Burly sacks." Drayton. In his latter days, with overliberal diet, [he was] somewhat corpulent and burly. Sir T. More. Burly and big, and studious of his ease. Cowper.

2. Coarse and rough; boisterous. It was the orator's own burly way of nonsense. Cowley.

BURMAN Bur"man, n.; pl. Burmans (. Etym: ["The softened modern M'yan-ma, M'yan-ma [native name] is the source of the European corruption Burma." Balfour.], (Ethnol.)

Defn: A member of the Burman family, one of the four great families Burmah; also, sometimes, any inhabitant of Burmah; a Burmese. -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Burmans or to Burmah.

BUR MARIGOLD Bur" mar"i*gold.

Defn: See Beggar's ticks.

BURMESE Bur`mese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Burmah, or its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or the natives of Burmah. Also (sing.), the language of the Burmans.

BURN Burn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burned (Burnt (p. pr. & vb. n. Burning.] Etym: [OE. bernen, brennen, v.t., early confused with beornen, birnen, v.i., AS. bærnan, bernan, v.t., birnan, v.i.; akin to OS. brinnan, OFries. barna, berna, OHG. brinnan, brennan, G. brennen, OD. bernen, D. branden, Dan. brænde, Sw. bränna, brinna, Icel. brenna, Goth. brinnan, brannjan (in comp.), and possibly to E. fervent.]

1. To consume with fire; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire; -- frequently intensified by up: as, to burn up wood. "We'll burn his body in the holy place." Shak.

2. To injure by fire or heat; to change destructively some property or properties of, by undue exposure to fire or heat; to scorch; to scald; to blister; to singe; to char; to sear; as, to burn steel in forging; to burn one's face in the sun; the sun burns the grass.

3. To perfect or improve by fire or heat; to submit to the action of fire or heat for some economic purpose; to destroy or change some property or properties of, by exposure to fire or heat in due degree for obtaining a desired residuum, product, or effect; to bake; as, to burn clay in making bricks or pottery; to burn wood so as to produce charcoal; to burn limestone for the lime.

4. To make or produce, as an effect or result, by the application of fire or heat; as, to burn a hole; to burn charcoal; to burn letters into a block.

5. To consume, injure, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does; as, to burn the mouth with pepper. This tyrant fever burns me up. Shak. This dry sorrow burns up all my tears. Dryden. When the cold north wind bloweth, . . . it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the Ecclus. xliii. 20, 21.

6. (Surg.)

Defn: To apply a cautery to; to cauterize.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize; as, a man burns a certain amount of carbon at each respiration; to burn iron in oxygen. To burn, To burn together, as two surfaces of metal (Engin.), to fuse and unite them by pouring over them a quantity of the same metal in a liquid state. -- To burn a bowl (Game of Bowls), to displace it accidentally, the bowl so displaced being said to be burned. -- To burn daylight, to light candles before it is dark; to waste time; to perform superfluous actions. Shak. -- To burn one's fingers, to get one's self into unexpected trouble, as by interfering the concerns of others, speculation, etc. -- To burn out, to destroy or obliterate by burning. "Must you with hot irons burn out mine eyes" Shak. -- To be burned out, to suffer loss by fire, as the burning of one's house, store, or shop, with the contents. -- To burn up, To burn down, to burn entirely.

BURN Burn, v. i.

1. To be of fire; to flame. "The mount burned with fire." Deut. ix. 15.

2. To suffer from, or be scorched by, an excess of heat. Your meat doth burn, quoth I. Shak.

3. To have a condition, quality, appearance, sensation, or emotion, as if on fire or excessively heated; to act or rage with destructive violence; to be in a state of lively emotion or strong desire; as, the face burns; to burn with fever. Did not our heart burn within us, while he talked with us by the way Luke xxiv. 32. The barge she sat in, like a burnished throne, Burned on the water. Shak. Burning with high hope. Byron. The groan still deepens, and the combat burns. Pope. The parching air Burns frore, and cold performs the effect of fire. Milton.

4. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine energetically, with evolution of heat; as, copper burns in chlorine.

5. In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought. [Colloq.] To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted. -- To burn up, To burn down, to be entirely consumed.

BURN Burn, n.

1. A hurt, injury, or effect caused by fire or excessive or intense heat.

2. The operation or result of burning or baking, as in brickmaking; as, they have a good burn.

3. A disease in vegetables. See Brand, n., 6.

BURN Burn, n. Etym: [See 1st Bourn.]

Defn: A small stream. [Scot.]

BURNABLE Burn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Combustible. Cotgrave.

BURNED Burned, p. p. & a.

Defn: See Burnt.

BURNED Burned, p. p.

Defn: Burnished. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BURNER Burn"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, burns or sets fire to anything.

2. The part of a lamp, gas fixture, etc., where the flame is produced. Bunsen's burner (Chem.), a kind of burner, invented by Professor Bunsen of Heidelberg, consisting of a straight tube, four or five inches in length, having small holes for the entrance of air at the bottom. Illuminating gas being also admitted at the bottom, a mixture of gas and air is formed which burns at the top with a feebly luminous but intensely hot flame. -- Argand burner, Rose burner, etc. See under Argand, Rose, etc.

BURNET Bur"net, n. Etym: [OE. burnet burnet; also, brownish (the plant perh. being named from its color), fr. F. brunet, dim. of brun brown; cf. OF. brunete a sort of flower. See Brunette.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of perennial herbs (Poterium); especially, P.Sanguisorba, the common, or garden, burnet. Burnet moth (Zoöl.), in England, a handsome moth (Zygæna filipendula), with crimson spots on the wings. -- Burnet saxifrage. (Bot.) See Saxifrage. -- Canadian burnet, a marsh plant (Poterium Canadensis). -- Great burnet, Wild burnet, Poterium (or Sanguisorba) oficinalis.

BURNETTIZE Bur"nett*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnettized (; p. pr. & vb. n. Burnettizing.] (Manuf.)

Defn: To subject (wood, fabrics, etc.) to a process of saturation in a solution of chloride of zinc, to prevent decay; -- a process invented by Sir William Burnett.

BURNIE Burn"ie, n. Etym: [See 4th Burn.]

Defn: A small brook. [Scot.] Burns.

BURNIEBEE Bur"nie*bee`, n.

Defn: The ladybird. [Prov. Eng.]

BURNING Burn"ing, a.

1. That burns; being on fire; excessively hot; fiery.

2. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful; as, burning zeal. Like a young hound upon a burning scent. Dryden. Burning bush (Bot.), an ornamental shrub (Euonymus atropurpureus), bearing a crimson berry.

BURNING Burn"ing, n.

Defn: The act of consuming by fire or heat, or of subjecting to the effect of fire or heat; the state of being on fire or excessively heated. Burning fluid, any volatile illuminating oil, as the lighter petroleums (naphtha, benzine), or oil of turpentine (camphine), but esp. a mixture of the latter with alcohol. -- Burning glass, a conxex lens of considerable size, used for producing an intense heat by converging the sun's rays to a focus. -- Burning house (Metal.), the furnace in which tin ores are calcined, to sublime the sulphur and arsenic from the pyrites. Weale. -- Burning mirror, a concave mirror, or a combination of plane mirrors, used for the same purpose as a burning glass.

Syn. -- Combustion; fire; conflagration; flame; blaze.

BURNISH Bur"nish, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Burnished; p. pr. & vb. n. Burnishing.] Etym: [OE. burnischen, burnissen, burnen, OF. burnir, brunir, to make brown, polish, F. brunir, fr. F. brun brown, fr. OHG. br; cf. MHG. briunen to make brown, polish. See Brown, a.]

Defn: To cause to shine; to make smooth and bright; to polish; specifically, to polish by rubbing with something hard and smooth; as, to burnish brass or paper. The frame of burnished steel, that east a glare From far, and seemed to thaw the freezing air. Dryden. Now the village windows blaze, Burnished by the setting sun. Cunningham. Burnishing machine, a machine for smoothing and polishing by compression, as in making paper collars.

BURNISH Bur"nish, v. i.

Defn: To shine forth; to brighten; to become smooth and glossy, as from swelling or filling out; hence, to grow large. A slender poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his brothers do. Dryden. My thoughts began to burnish, sprout, and swell. Herbert.

BURNISH Bur"nish, n.

Defn: The effect of burnishing; gloss; brightness; luster. Crashaw.

BURNISHER Bur"nish*er, n.

1. One who burnishes.

2. A tool with a hard, smooth, rounded end or surface, as of steel, ivory, or agate, used in smoothing or polishing by rubbing. It has a variety of forms adapted to special uses.

BURNOOSE; BURNOUS Bur"noose, Bur"nous, n. Etym: [Ar. burnus a kind of high-crowned cap: cf. F. bournous, burnous, Sp. al-bornoz, a sort of upper garment, with a hood attached.]

1. A cloaklike garment and hood woven in one piece, worn by Arabs.

2. A combination cloak and hood worn by women. [Variously written bournous, bernouse, bornous, etc.]

BURNSTICKLE Burn"stic`kle, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

BURNT Burnt, p. p. & a.

Defn: Consumed with, or as with, fire; scorched or dried, as with fire or heat; baked or hardened in the fire or the sun. Burnt ear, a black, powdery fungus which destroys grain. See Smut. -- Burnt offering, something offered and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin; a sacrifice. The offerings of the Jews were a clean animal, as an ox, a calf, a goat, or a sheep; or some vegetable substance, as bread, or ears of wheat or barley. Called also burnt sacrifice. [2 Sam. xxiv. 22.]

BURR Burr, n. Etym: [See Bur.] (Bot.)

1. A prickly seed vessel. See Bur, 1.

2. The thin edge or ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal, as in turning, engraving, pressing, etc.; also, the rough neck left on a bullet in casting. The graver, in plowing furrows in the surface of the copper, raises corresponding ridges or burrs. Tomlinson.

3. A thin flat piece of metal, formed from a sheet by punching; a small washer put on the end of a rivet before it is swaged down.

4. A broad iron ring on a tilting lance just below the gripe, to prevent the hand from slipping.

5. The lobe or lap of the ear.

6. Etym: [Probably of imitative origin.]

Defn: A guttural pronounciation of the letter r, produced by trilling the extremity of the soft palate against the back part of the tongue; rotacism; -- often called the Newcastle, Northumberland, or Tweedside, burr.

7. The knot at the bottom of an antler. See Bur, n., 8.

BURR Burr, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burred; p. pr. & vb. n. Burring.]

Defn: To speak with burr; to make a hoarse or guttural murmur. Mrs. Browning.

BURREL Bur"rel, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. burel reddish (cf. Borel, n.), or F. beurré butter pear, fr. beurre butter. Cf. Butter.]

Defn: A sort of pear, called also the red butter pear, from its smooth, delicious, soft pulp.

BURREL Bur"rel, n.

Defn: Same as Borrel.

BURREL FLY Bur"rel fly`. Etym: [From its reddish color. See 1st Burrel.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The botfly or gadfly of cattle (Hypoderma bovis). See Gadfly.

BURREL SHOT Bur"rel shot`. Etym: [Either from annoying the enemy like a burrel fly, or, less probably, fr. F. bourreler to sting, torture.] (Gun.)

Defn: A mixture of shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, etc., fired from a cannon at short range, in an emergency. [R.]

BURRING MACHINE Burr"ing ma*chine".

Defn: A machine for cleansing wool of burs, seeds, and other substances.

BURR MILLSTONE Burr" mill"stone`.

Defn: See Buhrstone.

BURRO Bur"ro, n. Etym: [Sp., an ass.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A donkey. [Southern U.S.]

BURROCK Bur"rock, n. Etym: [Perh. from AS. burg, burh, hill + -ock.]

Defn: A small weir or dam in a river to direct the stream to gaps where fish traps are placed. Knight.

BURROW Bur"row, n. Etym: [See 1st Borough.]

1. An incorporated town. See 1st Borough.

2. A shelter; esp. a hole in the ground made by certain animals, as rabbits, for shelter and habitation.

3. (Mining)

Defn: A heap or heaps of rubbish or refuse.

4. A mound. See 3d Barrow, and Camp, n., 5.

BURROW Bur"row, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Burrowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Burrowing.]

1. To excavate a hole to lodge in, as in the earth; to lodge in a hole excavated in the earth, as conies or rabbits.

2. To lodge, or take refuge, in any deep or concealed place; to hide. Sir, this vermin of court reporters, when they are forced into day upon one point, are sure to burrow in another. Burke. Burrowing owl (Zoöl.), a small owl of the western part of North America (Speotyto cunicularia), which lives in holes, often in company with the prairie dog.

BURROWER Bur"row*er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, burrows; an animal that makes a hole under ground and lives in it.

BURRSTONE Burr"stone`, n.

Defn: See Buhrstone.

BURRY Burr"y, a.

Defn: Abounding in burs, or containing burs; resembling burs; as, burry wool.

BURSA Bur"sa, n.; pl. Bursæ (. Etym: [L. See Burse.] (Anat.)

Defn: Any sac or saclike cavity; especially, one of the synovial sacs, or small spaces, often lined with synovial membrane, interposed between tendons and bony prominences.

BURSAL Bur"sal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a bursa or to bursæ.

BURSAR Bur"sar, n. Etym: [LL. bursarius, fr. bursa purse. See Burse, and cf. Purser.]

1. A treasurer, or cash keeper; a purser; as, the bursar of a college, or of a monastery.

2. A student to whom a stipend or bursary is paid for his complete or partial support.

BURSARSHIP Bur"sar*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a bursar.

BURSARY Bur"sa*ry, n.; pl. -ries. Etym: [LL. bursaria. See Bursar.]

1. The treasury of a college or monastery.

2. A scholarship or charitable foundation in a university, as in scotland; a sum given to enable a student to pursue his studies. "No woman of rank or fortune but would have a bursary in her gift." Southey.