Chapter LII: Appendix: Vermiformis (31)

BOTARGO Bo*tar"go, n. Etym: [It. bottarga, bottarica; or Sp. botarga; a kind of large sausages, a sort of wide breeches: cf. F. boutargue.]

Defn: A sort of cake or sausage, made of the salted roes of the mullet, much used on the coast of the Mediterranean as an incentive to drink.

BOTCH Botch, n.; pl. Botches. Etym: [Same as Boss a stud. For senses 2 & 3 cf. D. botsen to beat, akin to E. beat.]

1. A swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection; a boil; an eruptive disease. [Obs. or Dial.] Botches and blains must all his flesh emboss. Milton.

2. A patch put on, or a part of a garment patched or mended in a clumsy manner.

3. Work done in a bungling manner; a clumsy performance; a piece of work, or a place in work, marred in the doing, or not properly finished; a bungle. To leave no rubs nor botches in the work. Shak.

BOTCH Botch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Botched; p. pr. & vb. n. Botching.] Etym: [See Botch, n.]

1. To mark with, or as with, botches. Young Hylas, botched with stains. Garth.

2. To repair; to mend; esp. to patch in a clumsy or imperfect manner, as a garment; -- sometimes with up. Sick bodies . . . to be kept and botched up for a time. Robynson (More's Utopia).

3. To put together unsuitably or unskillfully; to express or perform in a bungling manner; to spoil or mar, as by unskillful work. For treason botched in rhyme will be thy bane. Dryden.

BOTCHEDLY Botch"ed*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clumsy manner.

BOTCHER Botch"er, n.

1. One who mends or patches, esp. a tailor or cobbler. Shak.

2. A clumsy or careless workman; a bungler.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young salmon; a grilse.

BOTCHERLY Botch"er*ly, a.

Defn: Bungling; awkward. [R.]

BOTCHERY Botch"er*y, n.

Defn: A botching, or that which is done by botching; clumsy or careless workmanship.

BOTCHY Botch"y, a.

Defn: Marked with botches; full of botches; poorly done. "This botchy business." Bp. Watson.

BOTE Bote, n. Etym: [Old form of boot; -- used in composition. See 1st Boot.] (Law) (a) Compensation; amends; satisfaction; expiation; as, man bote, a compensation or a man slain. (b) Payment of any kind. Bouvier. (c) A privilege or allowance of necessaries.

Note: This word is still used in composition as equivalent to the French estovers, supplies, necessaries; as, housebote, a sufficiency of wood to repair a house, or for fuel, sometimes called firebote; so plowbote, cartbote, wood for making or repairing instruments of husbandry; haybote or hedgebote, wood for hedges, fences, etc. These were privileges enjoyed by tenants under the feudal system. Burrill. Bouvier. Blackstone.

BOTELESS Bote"less, a.

Defn: Unavailing; in vain. See Bootless.

BOTFLY Bot"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dipterous insect of the family (Estridæ, of many different species, some of which are particularly troublesome to domestic animals, as the horse, ox, and sheep, on which they deposit their eggs. A common species is one of the botflies of the horse (Gastrophilus equi), the larvæ of which (bots) are taken into the stomach of the animal, where they live several months and pass through their larval states. In tropical America one species sometimes lives under the human skin, and another in the stomach. See Gadfly.

BOTH Both, a. or pron. Etym: [OE. bothe, ba, fr. Icel. ba; akin to Dan. baade, Sw. båda, Goth. baj, OHG. beid, b, G. & D. beide, also AS. begen, ba, b, Goth. bai, and Gr. , L. ambo, Lith. abà, OSlav. oba, Skr. ubha. sq. root310. Cf. Amb-.]

Defn: The one and the other; the two; the pair, without exception of either.

Note: It is generally used adjectively with nouns; as, both horses ran away; but with pronouns, and often with nous, it is used substantively, and followed by of.

Note: It frequently stands as a pronoun. She alone is heir to both of us. Shak. Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi. 27. He will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the loss of his estate; but he will bear both, because he is prepared for both. Bolingbroke.

Note: It is often used in apposition with nouns or pronouns. Thy weal and woe are both of them extremes. Shak. This said, they both betook them several ways. Milton.

Note: Both now always precedes any other attributive words; as, both their armies; both our eyes.

Note: Both of is used before pronouns in the objective case; as, both of us, them, whom, etc.; but before substantives its used is colloquial, both (without of) being the preferred form; as, both the brothers.

BOTH Both, conj.

Defn: As well; not only; equally.

Note: Both precedes the first of two coördinate words or phrases, and is followed by and before the other, both . . . and . . . ; as well the one as the other; not only this, but also that; equally the former and the latter. It is also sometimes followed by more than two coördinate words, connected by and expressed or understood. To judge both quick and dead. Milton. A masterpiece both for argument and style. Goldsmith. To whom bothe heven and erthe and see is sene. Chaucer. Both mongrel, puppy, whelp, and hound. Goldsmith. He prayeth well who loveth well Both man and bird and beast. Coleridge.

BOTHER Both"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bothered (p. pr. & vb. n. Bothering.] Etym: [Cf. Ir. buaidhirt trouble, buaidhrim I vex.]

Defn: To annoy; to trouble; to worry; to perplex. See Pother.

Note: The imperative is sometimes used as an exclamation mildly imprecatory.

BOTHER Both"er, v. i.

Defn: To feel care or anxiety; to make or take trouble; to be troublesome. Without bothering about it. H. James.

BOTHER Both"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, bothers; state of perplexity or annoyance; embarrassment; worry; disturbance; petty trouble; as, to be in a bother.

BOTHERATION Both`er*a"tion, n.

Defn: The act of bothering, or state of being bothered; cause of trouble; perplexity; annoyance; vexation. [Colloq.]

BOTHERER Both"er*er, n.

Defn: One who bothers.

BOTHERSOME Both"er*some, a.

Defn: Vexatious; causing bother; causing trouble or perplexity; troublesome.

BOTH-HANDS Both"-hands`, n.

Defn: A factotum. [R.] He is his master's both-hands, I assure you. B. Jonson.

BOTHIE Both"ie, n.

Defn: Same as Bothy. [Scot.]

BOTHNIAN; BOTHNIC Both"ni*an, Both"nic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Bothnia, a country of northern Europe, or to a gulf of the same name which forms the northern part of the Baltic sea.

BOTHRENCHYMA Both*ren"chy*ma, n. Etym: [Gr. pit + something poured in. Formed like parenchyma.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dotted or pitted ducts or vessels forming the pores seen in many kinds of wood.

BOTHY; BOOTHY Both"y Booth"y n.; pl. -ies Etym: [Scottish. Cf. Booth.]

Defn: A wooden hut or humble cot, esp. a rude hut or barrack for unmarried farm servants; a shepherd's or hunter's hut; a booth. [Scot.]

BOTOCUDOS Bo`to*cu"dos, n. pl. Etym: [Pg. botoque stopple. So called because they wear a wooden plug in the pierced lower lip.]

Defn: A Brazilian tribe of Indians, noted for their use of poisons; - - also called Aymborés.

BO TREE Bo" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The peepul tree; esp., the very ancient tree standing at Anurajahpoora in Ceylon, grown from a slip of the tree under which Gautama is said to have received the heavenly light and so to have become Buddha. The sacred bo tree of the Buddhists (Ficus religiosa), which is planted close to every temple, and attracts almost as much veneration as the status of the god himself. . . . It differs from the banyan (Ficus Indica) by sending down no roots from its branches. Tennent.

BOTRYOGEN Bot"ry*o*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -gen.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous sulphate of iron of a deep red color. It often occurs in botryoidal form.

BOTRYOID; BOTRYOIDAL Bot"ry*oid, Bot`ry*oid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -oid.]

Defn: Having the form of a bunch of grapes; like a cluster of grapes, as a mineral presenting an aggregation of small spherical or spheroidal prominences.

BOTRYOLITE Bot"ry*o*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. cluster of grapes + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of datolite, usually having a botryoidal structure.

BOTRYOSE Bot"ry*ose`, a. (Bot.) (a) Having the form of a cluster of grapes. (b) Of the racemose or acropetal type of inflorescence. Gray.

BOTS Bots, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Gael. botus belly worm, boiteag maggot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larvæ of several species of botfly, especially those larvæ which infest the stomach, throat, or intestines of the horse, and are supposed to be the cause of various ailments. [Written also botts.]

Note: See Illust. of Botfly.

BOTTINE Bot*tine", n. Etym: [F. See Boot (for the foot.).]

1. A small boot; a lady's boot.

2. An appliance resembling a small boot furnished with straps, buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent distortions in the lower extremities of children. Dunglison.

BOTTLE Bot"tle, n. Etym: [OE. bote, botelle, OF. botel, bouteille, F. bouteille, fr. LL. buticula, dim. of butis, buttis, butta, flask. Cf. Butt a cask.]

1. A hollow vessel, usually of glass or earthenware (but formerly of leather), with a narrow neck or mouth, for holding liquids.

2. The contents of a bottle; as much as a bottle contains; as, to drink a bottle of wine.

3. Fig.: Intoxicating liquor; as, to drown one's reason in the bottle.

Note: Bottle is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound. Bottle ale, bottled ale. [Obs.] Shak. -- Bottle brush, a cylindrical brush for cleansing the interior of bottles. -- Bottle fish (Zoöl.), a kind of deep-sea eel (Saccopharynx ampullaceus), remarkable for its baglike gullet, which enables it to swallow fishes two or three times its won size. -- Bottle flower. (Bot.) Same as Bluebottle. -- Bottle glass, a coarse, green glass, used in the manufacture of bottles. Ure. -- Bottle gourd (Bot.), the common gourd or calabash (Lagenaria Vulgaris), whose shell is used for bottles, dippers, etc. -- Bottle grass (Bot.), a nutritious fodder grass (Setaria glauca and S. viridis); -- called also foxtail, and green foxtail. -- Bottle tit (Zoöl.), the European long-tailed titmouse; -- so called from the shape of its nest. -- Bottle tree (Bot.), an Australian tree (Sterculia rupestris), with a bottle-shaped, or greatly swollen, trunk. -- Feeding bottle, Nursing bottle, a bottle with a rubber nipple (generally with an intervening tubve), used in feeding infants.

BOTTLE Bot"tle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bottled p. pr. & vb. n. Bottling.]

Defn: To put into bottles; to inclose in, or as in, a bottle or bottles; to keep or restrain as in a bottle; as, to bottle wine or porter; to bottle up one's wrath.

BOTTLE Bot"tle, n. Etym: [OE. botel, OF. botel, dim. of F. botte; cf. OHG. bozo bunch. See Boss stud.]

Defn: A bundle, esp. of hay. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer. Shak.

BOTTLED Bot"tled, a.

1. Put into bottles; inclosed in bottles; pent up in, or as in, a bottle.

2. Having the shape of a bottle; protuberant. Shak.

BOTTLE GREEN Bot"tle green`

Defn: A dark shade of green, like that of bottle glass. -- Bot"tle-green`, a.

BOTTLEHEAD Bot"tle*head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cetacean allied to the grampus; -- called also bottle-nosed whale.

Note: There are several species so named, as the pilot whales, of the genus Globicephalus, and one or more species of Hyperoödon (H. bidens, etc.), found on the European coast. See Blackfish, 1.

BOTTLEHOLDER Bot"tle*hold`er, n.

1. One who attends a pugilist in a prize fight; -- so called from the bottle of water of which he has charge.

2. One who assists or supports another in a contest; an abettor; a backer. [Colloq.] Lord Palmerston considered himself the bottleholder of oppressed states. The London Times.

BOTTLE-NECK FRAME Bot"tle-neck` frame". (Automobiles)

Defn: An inswept frame. [Colloq.]

BOTTLE-NOSE Bot"tle-nose` (, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A cetacean of the Dolphin family, of several species, as Delphinus Tursio and Lagenorhyncus leucopleurus, of Europe.

2. The puffin.

BOTTLE-NOSED Bot"tle-nosed` (, a.

Defn: Having the nose bottleshaped, or large at the end. Dickens.

BOTTLER Bot"tler, n.

Defn: One who bottles wine, beer, soda water, etc.

BOTTLESCREW Bot"tle*screw` n.

Defn: A corkscrew. Swift.

BOTTLING Bot"tling n.

Defn: The act or the process of putting anything into bottles (as beer, mineral water, etc.) and corking the bottles.

BOTTOM Bot"tom, n. Etym: [OE. botum, botme, AS. botm; akin to OS. bodom, D. bodem, OHG. podam, G. boden, Icel. botn, Sw. botten, Dan. bund (for budn ), L. fundus (for fudnus), Gr.budhna (for bhudhna), and Ir. bonn sole of the foot, W. bon stem, base. Cf. 4th Found, Fund, n.]

1. The lowest part of anything; the foot; as, the bottom of a tree or well; the bottom of a hill, a lane, or a page. Or dive into the bottom of the deep. Shak.

2. The part of anything which is beneath the contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface. Barrels with the bottom knocked out. Macaulay. No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and leather bottoms and worsted bottoms. W. Irving.

3. That upon which anything rests or is founded, in a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork.

4. The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake, sea.

5. The fundament; the buttocks.

6. An abyss. [Obs.] Dryden.

7. Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a river; low-lying ground; a dale; a valley. "The bottoms and the high grounds." Stoddard.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: The part of a ship which is ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship. My ventures are not in one bottom trusted. Shak. Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the same bottoms in which they were shipped. Bancroft. Full bottom, a hull of such shape as permits carrying a large amount of merchandise.

9. Power of endurance; as, a horse of a good bottom.

10. Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment. Johnson. At bottom, At the bottom, at the foundation or basis; in reality. "He was at the bottom a good man." J. F. Cooper. -- To be at the bottom of, to be the cause or originator of; to be the source of. [Usually in an opprobrious sense.] J. H. Newman. He was at the bottom of many excellent counsels. Addison. -- To go to the bottom, to sink; esp. to be wrecked. -- To touch bottom, to reach the lowest point; to find something on which to rest.

BOTTOM Bot"tom, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; as, bottom rock; the bottom board of a wagon box; bottom prices. Bottom glade, a low glade or open place; a valley; a dale. Milton. -Bottom grass, grass growing on bottom lands. -- Bottom land. See 1st Bottom, n., 7.

BOTTOM Bot"tom, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bottomed (p. pr. & vb. n. Bottoming.]

1. To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; -- followed by on or upon. Action is supposed to be bottomed upon principle. Atterbury. Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many bottom their eternal state]. South.

2. To furnish with a bottom; as, to bottom a chair.

3. To reach or get to the bottom of. Smiles.

BOTTOM Bot"tom, v. i.

1. To rest, as upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; -- usually with on or upon. Find on what foundation any proposition bottoms. Locke.

2. To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a cylinder.

BOTTOM Bot"tom, n. Etym: [OE. botme, perh. corrupt. for button. See Button.]

Defn: A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon. [Obs.] Silkworms finish their bottoms in . . . fifteen days. Mortimer.

BOTTOM Bot"tom, v. t.

Defn: To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. [Obs.] As you unwind her love from him, Lest it should ravel and be good to none, You must provide to bottom it on me. Shak.

BOTTOMED Bot"tomed, a.

Defn: Having at the bottom, or as a bottom; resting upon a bottom; grounded; -- mostly, in composition; as, sharp-bottomed; well- bottomed.

BOTTOM FERMENTATION Bot"tom fer`men*ta"tion.

Defn: A slow alcoholic fermentation during which the yeast cells collect at the bottom of the fermenting liquid. It takes place at a temperature of 4º - 10º C. (39º - 50ºF.). It is used in making lager beer and wines of low alcohol content but fine bouquet.

BOTTOMLESS Bot"tom*less, a.

Defn: Without a bottom; hence, fathomless; baseless; as, a bottomless abyss. "Bottomless speculations." Burke.

BOTTOMRY Bot"tom*ry, n. Etym: [From 1st Bottom in sense 8: cf.D. bodemerij. Cf. Bummery.] (Mar.Law)

Defn: A contract in the nature of a mortgage, by which the owner of a ship, or the master as his agent, hypothecates and binds the ship (and sometimes the accruing freight) as security for the repayment of money advanced or lent for the use of the ship, if she terminates her voyage successfully. If the ship is lost by perils of the sea, the lender loses the money; but if the ship arrives safe, he is to receive the money lent, with the interest or premium stipulated, although it may, and usually does, exceed the legal rate of interest. See Hypothecation.

BOTTONY; BOTTONE Bot"ton*y, Bot"to*né, a. Etym: [F. boutonné, fr. boutonner to bud, button.] (Her.)

Defn: Having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. Cross bottony (Her.), a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil.

BOTTS Botts, n. pl. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bots.

BOTULIFORM Bot"u*li*form`, a. Etym: [L. botulus sausage + -form.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having the shape of a sausage. Henslow.

BOUCHE Bouche, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Same as Bush, a lining.

BOUCHE Bouche, v. t.

Defn: Same as Bush, to line.

BOUCHE; BOUCH Bouche, Bouch, n. Etym: [F. bouche mouth, victuals.]

1. A mouth. [Obs.]

2. An allowance of meat and drink for the tables of inferior officers or servants in a nobleman's palace or at court. [Obs.]

BOUCHEES Bou`chées", n. pl. Etym: [F., morsels, mouthfuls, fr. bouche mouth.] (Cookery)

Defn: Small patties.

BOUCHERIZE Bou"cher*ize, v. t. [After Dr. Auguste Boucherie, a French chemist, who invented the process.]

Defn: To impregnate with a preservative solution of copper sulphate, as timber, railroad ties, etc.

BOUD Boud, n.

Defn: A weevil; a worm that breeds in malt, biscuit, etc. [Obs.] Tusser., n. Etym: [F., fr. bouder to pout, be sulky.]

Defn: A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room. Cowper.

BOUDOIR Bou*doir", n. [F., fr. bouder to pout, be sulky.]

Defn: A small room, esp. if pleasant, or elegantly furnished, to which a lady may retire to be alone, or to receive intimate friends; a lady's (or sometimes a gentleman's) private room. Cowper.

BOUFFE Bouffe, n. Etym: [F., buffoon.]

Defn: Comic opera. See Opera Bouffe.

BOUGAINVILLAEA Bou`gain*vil*læ`a, n. Etym: [Named from Bougainville, the French navigator.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants of the order Nyctoginaceæ, from tropical South America, having the flowers surrounded by large bracts.

BOUGE Bouge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bouged] Etym: [Variant of bulge. Cf. Bowge.]

1. To swell out. [Obs.]

2. To bilge. [Obs.] "Their ship bouged." Hakluyt.

BOUGE Bouge, v. t.

Defn: To stave in; to bilge. [Obs.] Holland.

BOUGE Bouge, n. Etym: [F. bouche mouth, victuals.]

Defn: Bouche (see Bouche, 2); food and drink; provisions. [Obs.] [They] made room for a bombardman that brought bouge for a country lady or two, that fainted . . . with fasting. B. Jonson .

BOUGET Bou"get, n. Etym: [Cf. F. bougette sack, bag. Cf. Budget.] (Her.)

Defn: A charge representing a leather vessel for carrying water; -- also called water bouget.

BOUGH Bough, n. Etym: [OE. bogh, AS. bog, boh, bough, shoulder; akin to Icel. bogr shoulder, bow of a ship, Sw. bog, Dan. bov, OHG. buog, G. bug, and to Gr.bahu (for bhaghu) arm. sq. root88, 251. Cf. Bow of a ship.]

1. An arm or branch of a tree, esp. a large arm or main branch.

2. A gallows. [Archaic] Spenser.

BOUGHT Bought, n. Etym: [Cf. Dan. bugt bend, turning, Icel. bug. Cf. Bight, Bout, and see Bow to bend.]

1. A flexure; a bend; a twist; a turn; a coil, as in a rope; as the boughts of a serpent. [Obs.] Spenser. The boughts of the fore legs. Sir T. Browne.

2. The part of a sling that contains the stone. [Obs.]

BOUGHT Bought,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Buy.

BOUGHT Bought, p. a.

Defn: Purchased; bribed.

BOUGHTEN Bought"en, a.

Defn: Purchased; not obtained or produced at home. Coleridge.

BOUGHTY Bought"y, a.

Defn: Bending. [Obs.] Sherwood.

BOUGIE Bou*gie" (, n. Etym: [F. bougie wax candle, bougie, fr. Bougie, Bugia, a town of North Africa, from which these candles were first imported into Europe.]

1. (Surg.)

Defn: A long, flexible instrument, that is

Note: introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., to remove obstructions, or for the other purposes. It was originally made of waxed linen rolled into cylindrical form.

2. (Pharm.)

Defn: A long slender rod consisting of gelatin or some other substance that melts at the temperature of the body. It is impregnated with medicine, and designed for introduction into urethra, etc.

BOUGIE DECIMALE Bou*gie" dé`ci`male". [F., lit., decimal candle.]

Defn: A photometric standard used in France, having the value of one twentieth of the Violle platinum standard, or slightly less than a British standard candle. Called also decimal candle.

BOUILLI Bou`illi" (, n. Etym: [F., fr. bouillir to boil.] (Cookery)

Defn: Boiled or stewed meat; beef boiled with vegetables in water from which its gravy is to be made; beef from which bouillon or soup has been made.

BOUILLON Bou`illon" (, n. Etym: [F., fr. bouillir to boil.]

1. A nutritious liquid food made by boiling beef, or other meat, in water; a clear soup or broth.

2. (Far.)

Defn: An excrescence on a horse's frush or frog.

BOUK Bouk, n. Etym: [AS. bücbauch, Icel. bü body.]

1. The body. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. Bulk; volume. [Scot.]

BOUL Boul, n.

Defn: A curved handle. Sir W. Scott.

BOULANGERITE Bou*lan"ger*ite, n. Etym: [From Boulanger, a French mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, usually in plumose masses, also compact. It is sulphide of antimony and lead.

BOULANGISM Bou*lan"gism, n. [F. boulangisme.]

Defn: The spirit or principles of a French political movement identified with Gen. Georges Boulanger (d. 1891), whose militarism and advocacy of revenge on Germany attracted to him a miscellaneous party of monarchists and Republican malcontents. -- Bou*lan"gist (#), n.

BOULDER Boul"der, n.

Defn: Same as Bowlder.

BOULDERY Boul"der*y, a.

Defn: Characterized by bowlders.

BOULE; BOULEWORK Boule, Boule"work`, n.

Defn: Same as Buhl, Buhlwork.

BOULEVARD Bou"le*vard`, n. Etym: [F. boulevard, boulevart, fr. G. bollwerk. See Bulwark.]

1. Originally, a bulwark or rampart of fortification or fortified town.

2. A public walk or street occupying the site of demolished fortifications. Hence: A broad avenue in or around a city.

BOULEVARDIER Boule`var`dier", n. [F.]

Defn: A frequenter of a city boulevard, esp. in Paris. F. Harrison.

BOULEVERSEMENT Boule`verse`ment", n. Etym: [F., fr. bouleverser to overthrow.]

Defn: Complete overthrow; disorder; a turning upside down.

BOULT Boult, n.

Defn: Corrupted form Bolt.

BOULT Boult (bolt), n.

Defn: Corrupted form Bolt.

BOULTEL; BOULTIN Boul"tel, Boul"tin, n. (Arch.) (a) A molding, the convexity of which is one fourth of a circle, being a member just below the abacus in the Tuscan and Roman Doric capital; a torus; an ovolo. (b) One of the shafts of a clustered column. [Written also bowtel, boltel, boultell, etc.]

BOULTER Boul"ter, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: A long, stout fishing line to which many hooks are attached.

BOUN Boun, a. Etym: [See Bound ready.]

Defn: Ready; prepared; destined; tending. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOUN Boun, v. t.

Defn: To make or get ready. Sir W. Scott.

BOUNCE Bounce, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bounced; p. pr. & vb. n. Bouncing.] Etym: [OE. bunsen; cf. D. bonzen to strike, bounce, bons blow, LG. bunsen to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.]

1. To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; a knock loudly. Another bounces as hard as he can knock. Swift. Against his bosom bounced his heaving heart. Dryden.

2. To leap or spring suddenly or unceremoniously; to bound; as, she bounced into the room. Out bounced the mastiff. Swift. Bounced off his arm+chair. Thackeray.

3. To boast; to talk big; to bluster. [Obs.]

BOUNCE Bounce, v. t.

1. To drive against anything suddenly and violently; to bump; to thump. Swift.

2. To cause to bound or rebound; sometimes, to toss.

3. To eject violently, as from a room; to discharge unceremoniously, as from employment. [Collog. U. S.]

4. To bully; to scold. [Collog.] J. Fletcher.

BOUNCE Bounce, n.

1. A sudden leap or bound; a rebound.

2. A heavy, sudden, and often noisy, blow or thump. The bounce burst open the door. Dryden.

3. An explosion, or the noise of one. [Obs.]

4. Bluster; brag; untruthful boasting; audacious exaggeration; an impudent lie; a bouncer. Johnson. De Quincey.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A dogfish of Europe (Scyllium catulus).

BOUNCE Bounce, adv.

Defn: With a sudden leap; suddenly. This impudent puppy comes bounce in upon me. Bickerstaff.

BOUNCER Boun"cer, n.

1. One who bounces; a large, heavy person who makes much noise in moving.

2. A boaster; a bully. [Collog.] Johnson.

3. A bold lie; also, a liar. [Collog.] Marryat.

4. Something big; a good stout example of the kind. The stone must be a bouncer. De Quincey.

BOUNCING Boun"cing, a.

1. Stout; plump and healthy; lusty; buxom. Many tall and bouncing young ladies. Thackeray.

2. Excessive; big. "A bouncing reckoning." B. & Fl. Bouncing Bet (Bot.), the common soapwort (Saponaria officinalis). Harper's Mag.

BOUNCINGLY Boun"cing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a bounce.

BOUND Bound, n. Etym: [OE. bounde, bunne, OF. bonne, bonde, bodne, F. borne, fr. LL. bodina, bodena, bonna; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. Arm. bonn boundary, limit, and boden, bod, a tuft or cluster of trees, by which a boundary or limit could be marked. Cf. Bourne.]

Defn: The external or limiting line, either real or imaginary, of any object or space; that which limits or restrains, or within which something is limited or restrained; limit; confine; extent; boundary. He hath compassed the waters with bounds. Job xxvi. 10. On earth's remotest bounds. Campbell. And mete the bounds of hate and love. Tennyson. To keep within bounds, not to exceed or pass beyond assigned limits; to act with propriety or discretion.

Syn. -- See Boundary.

BOUND Bound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Bounding.]

1. To limit; to terminate; to fix the furthest point of extension of; -- said of natural or of moral objects; to lie along, or form, a boundary of; to inclose; to circumscribe; to restrain; to confine. Where full measure only bounds excess. Milton. Phlegethon . . . Whose fiery flood the burning empire bounds. Dryden.

2. To name the boundaries of; as, to bound France.

BOUND Bound, v. i. Etym: [F. bondir to leap, OF. bondir, bundir, to leap, resound, fr. L. bombitare to buzz, hum, fr. bombus a humming, buzzing. See Bomb.]

1. To move with a sudden spring or leap, or with a succession of springs or leaps; as the beast bounded from his den; the herd bounded across the plain. Before his lord the ready spaniel bounds. Pope. And the waves bound beneath me as a steed That knows his rider. Byron.

2. To rebound, as an elastic ball.

BOUND Bound, v. t.

1. To make to bound or leap; as, to bound a horse. [R.] Shak.

2. To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; as, to bound a ball on the floor. [Collog.]

BOUND Bound, n.

1. A leap; an elastic spring; a jump. A bound of graceful hardihood. Wordsworth.

2. Rebound; as, the bound of a ball. Johnson.

3. (Dancing)

Defn: Spring from one foot to the other.

BOUND Bound,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Bind.

BOUND Bound, p. p. & a.

1. Restrained by a hand, rope, chain, fetters, or the like.

2. Inclosed in a binding or cover; as, a bound volume.

3. Under legal or moral restraint or obligation.

4. Constrained or compelled; destined; certain; -- followed by the infinitive; as, he is bound to succeed; he is bound to fail.

5. Resolved; as, I am bound to do it. [Collog. U. S.]

6. Constipated; costive.

Note: Used also in composition; as, icebound, windbound, hidebound, etc. Bound bailiff (Eng. Law), a sheriff's officer who serves writs, makes arrests, etc. The sheriff being answerable for the bailiff's misdemeanors, the bailiff is usually under bond for the faithful discharge of his trust. -- Bound up in, entirely devoted to; inseparable from.

BOUND Bound, a. Etym: [Past p. of OE. bounen to prepare, fr. boun ready, prepared, fr. Icel. bü, p. p. of büaboor and bower. See Bond, a., and cf. Busk, v.]

Defn: Ready or intending to go; on the way toward; going; -- with to or for, or with an adverb of motion; as, a ship is bound to Cadiz, or for Cadiz. "The mariner bound homeward." Cowper.

BOUNDARY Bound"a*ry, n.; pl. Boundaries ( Etym: [From Bound a limit; cf. LL. bonnarium piece of land with fixed limits.]

Defn: That which indicates or fixes a limit or extent, or marks a bound, as of a territory; a bounding or separating line; a real or imaginary limit. But still his native country lies Beyond the boundaries of the skies. N. Cotton. That bright and tranquil stream, the boundary of Louth and Meath. Macaulay. Sensation and reflection are the boundaries of our thoughts. Locke.

Syn. -- Limit; bound; border; term; termination; barrier; verge; confines; precinct. Bound, Boundary. Boundary, in its original and strictest sense, is a visible object or mark indicating a limit. Bound is the limit itself. But in ordinary usage the two words are made interchangeable.

BOUNDEN Bound"en, p.p & a. Etym: [Old. p. p. of bind.]

1. Bound; fastened by bonds. [Obs.]

2. Under obligation; bound by some favor rendered; obliged; beholden. This holy word, that teacheth us truly our bounden duty toward our Lord God in every point. Ridley.

3. Made obligatory; imposed as a duty; binding. I am much bounden to your majesty. Shak.

BOUNDER Bound"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, limits; a boundary. Sir T. Herbert.

BOUNDING Bound"ing, a.

Defn: Moving with a bound or bounds. The bounding pulse, the languid limb. Montgomery.

BOUNDLESS Bound"less, a.

Defn: Without bounds or confines; illimitable; vast; unlimited. "The boundless sky." Bryant. "The boundless ocean." Dryden. "Boundless rapacity." "Boundless prospect of gain." Macaulay.

Syn. -- Unlimited; unconfined; immeasurable; illimitable; infinite. -- Bound"less*ly, adv. -- Bound"less*ness, n.

BOUNTEOUS Boun"te*ous, a. Etym: [OE. bountevous, fr. bounte bounty.]

Defn: Liberal in charity; disposed to give freely; generously liberal; munificent; beneficent; free in bestowing gifts; as, bounteous production. But O, thou bounteous Giver of all good. Cowper. -- Boun"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Boun"te*ous*ness, n.

BOUNTIFUL Boun"ti*ful, a.

1. Free in giving; liberal in bestowing gifts and favors. God, the bountiful Author of our being. Locke.

2. Plentiful; abundant; as, a bountiful supply of food.

Syn. -- Liberal; munificent; generous; bounteous. -- Boun"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Boun"ti*ful*ness, n.

BOUNTIHEAD; BOUNTYHOOD Boun"ti*head, Boun"ty*hood, n.

Defn: Goodness; generosity. [Obs.] Spenser.

BOUNTY Boun"ty, n.; pl. Bounties. Etym: [OE. bounte goodness, kindness, F. bonté, fr. L. bonitas, fr. bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr. duvas honor, respect.]

1. Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [Obs.] Nature set in her at once beauty with bounty. Gower.

2. Liberality in bestowing gifts or favors; gracious or liberal giving; generosity; munificence. My bounty is as boundless as the sea. Shak.

3. That which is given generously or liberally. "Thy morning bounties." Cowper.

4. A premium offered or given to induce men to enlist into the public service; or to encourage any branch of industry, as husbandry or manufactures. Bounty jumper, one who, during the latter part of the Civil War, enlisted in the United States service, and deserted as soon as possible after receiving the bounty. [Collog.] -- Queen Anne's bounty (Eng. Hist.), a provision made in Queen Anne's reign for augmenting poor clerical livings.

Syn. -- Munificence; generosity; beneficence.

BOUQUET Bou*quet", n. Etym: [F. bouquet bunch, bunch of flowers, trees, feathers, for bousquet, bosquet, thicket, a little wood, dim. of LL. boscus. See Bush thicket, and cf. Bosket, Busket.]

1. A nosegay; a bunch of flowers.

2. A perfume; an aroma; as, the bouquet of wine.

BOUQUETIN Bou`que*tin", n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ibex.

BOUR Bour, n. Etym: [See Bower a chamber.]

Defn: A chamber or a cottage. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURBON Bour"bon, n. Etym: [From the castle and seigniory of Bourbon in central France.]

1. A member of a family which has occupied several European thrones, and whose descendants still claim the throne of France.

2. A politician who is behind the age; a ruler or politician who neither forgets nor learns anything; an obstinate conservative.

BOURBONISM Bour"bon*ism, n.

Defn: The principles of those adhering to the house of Bourbon; obstinate conservatism.

BOURBONIST Bour"bon*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to the house of Bourbon; a legitimist.

BOURBON WHISKY Bour"bon whis"ky.

Defn: See under Whisky.

BOURD Bourd, n. Etym: [F. bourde fib, lie, OF. borde, bourde, jest, joke.]

Defn: A jest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURD Bourd, v. i.

Defn: To jest. [Obs.] Chaucer.

BOURDER Bourd"er, n.

Defn: A jester. [Obs.]

BOURDON Bour"don, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. burdo mule, esp. one used for carrying litters. Cf. Sp. muleta a young she mule; also, crutch, prop.]

Defn: A pilgrim's staff.

BOURDON Bour"don`, n. Etym: [F. See Burden a refrain.] (Mus.) (a) A drone bass, as in a bagpipe, or a hurdy-gurdy. See Burden (of a song.) (b) A kind of organ stop.

BOURGEOIS Bour*geois", n. Etym: [From a French type founder named Bourgeois, or fr. F. bourgeois of the middle class; hence applied to an intermediate size of type between brevier and long primer: cf. G. bourgeois, borgis. Cf. Burgess.] (Print.)

Defn: A size of type between long primer and brevier. See Type.

Note: This line is printed in bourgeois type.

BOURGEOIS Bour*geois", n. Etym: [F., fr. bourg town; of German origin. See Burgess.]

Defn: A man of middle rank in society; one of the shopkeeping class. [France.] a.

Defn: Characteristic of the middle class, as in France.

BOURGEOISIE Bour*geoi*sie", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The French middle class, particularly such as are concerned in, or dependent on, trade.

BOURGEON Bour"geon, v. i. Etym: [OE. burjoun a bud, burjounen to bud, F. bourgeon a bud, bourgeonner to bud; cf. OHG. burjan to raise.]

Defn: To sprout; to put forth buds; to shoot forth, as a branch. Gayly to bourgeon and broadly to grow. Sir W. Scott.

BOURI Bou"ri, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mullet (Mugil capito) found in the rivers of Southern Europe and in Africa.

BOURN; BOURNE Bourn, Bourne, n. Etym: [OE. burne, borne, AS. burna; akin to OS. brunno spring, G. born, brunnen, OHG. prunno, Goth. brunna, Icel. brunnr, and perh. to Gr. burn, v., because the source of a stream seems to issue forth bubbling and boiling from the earth. Cf. Torrent, and see Burn, v.]

Defn: A stream or rivulet; a burn. My little boat can safely pass this perilous bourn. Spenser.

BOURN; BOURNE Bourn, Bourne, n. Etym: [F. borne. See Bound a limit.]

Defn: A bound; a boundary; a limit. Hence: Point aimed at; goal. Where the land slopes to its watery bourn. Cowper. The undiscovered country, from whose bourn No traveler returns. Shak. Sole bourn, sole wish, sole object of my song. Wordsworth. To make the doctrine . . . their intellectual bourne. Tyndall.

BOURNLESS Bourn"less, a.

Defn: Without a bourn or limit.

BOURNONITE Bour"non*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Count Bournon, a minerologist.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a steel-gray to black color and metallic luster, occurring crystallized, often in twin crystals shaped like cogwheels (wheel ore), also massive. It is a sulphide of antimony, lead, and copper.

BOURNOUS Bour*nous", n.

Defn: See Burnoose.

BOURREE Bour*rée, n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: An old French dance tune in common time.

BOURSE Bourse, n. Etym: [F. bourse purse, exchange, LL. bursa, fr. Gr.Purse, Burse.]

Defn: An exchange, or place where merchants, bankers, etc., meet for business at certain hours; esp., the Stock Exchange of Paris.

BOUSE Bouse, v. i.

Defn: To drink immoderately; to carouse; to booze. See Booze.

BOUSE Bouse, n.

Defn: Drink, esp. alcoholic drink; also, a carouse; a booze. "A good bouse of liquor." Carlyle.

BOUSER Bous"er, n.

Defn: A toper; a boozer.

BOUSTROPHEDON Bou`stro*phe"don, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: An ancient mode of writing, in alternate directions, one line from left to right, and the next from right to left (as fields are plowed), as in early Greek and Hittite.

BOUSTROPHEDONIC Bou*stroph`e*don"ic, a.

Defn: Relating to the boustrophedon mode of writing.

BOUSTROPHIC Bou*stroph"ic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Boustrophedonic.

BOUSY Bousy, a.

Defn: Drunken; sotted; boozy. In his cups the bousy poet songs. Dryden.

BOUT Bout, n. Etym: [A different spelling and application of bought bend.]

1. As much of an action as is performed at one time; a going and returning, as of workmen in reaping, mowing, etc.; a turn; a round. In notes with many a winding bout Of linked sweetness long drawn out. Milton. The prince . . . has taken me in his train, so that I am in no danger of starving for this bout. Goldsmith.

2. A conflict; contest; attempt; trial; a set-to at anything; as, a fencing bout; a drinking bout. The gentleman will, for his honor's sake, have one bout with you; he can not by the duello avoid it. Shak.

BOUTADE Bou*tade", n. Etym: [F., fr. bouter to thrust. See Butt.]

Defn: An outbreak; a caprice; a whim. [Obs.]

BOUTEFEU Boute"feu, n. Etym: [F.; bouter to thrust, put + feu fire.]

Defn: An incendiary; an inciter of quarrels. [Obs.] Animated by . . . John à Chamber, a very boutefeu, . . . they entered into open rebellion. Bacon.

BOUTONNIERE Bou`ton`nière", n. Etym: [F., buttonhole.]

Defn: A bouquet worn in a buttonhole.

BOUTS-RIMES Bouts`-ri*més", n. pl. Etym: [F. bout end + rimé rhymed.]

Defn: Words that rhyme, proposed as the ends of verses, to be filled out by the ingenuity of the person to whom they are offered.

BOVATE Bo"vate, n. Etym: [LL. bovata, fr. bos, bovis, ox.] (O.Eng.Law.)

Defn: An oxgang, or as much land as an ox can plow in a year; an ancient measure of land, of indefinite quantity, but usually estimated at fifteen acres.

BOVEY COAL Bo"vey coal`. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mineral coal, or brown lignite, burning with a weak flame, and generally a disagreeable odor; -- found at Bovey Tracey, Devonshire, England. It is of geological age of the oölite, and not of the true coal era.

BOVID Bo"vid, a. Etym: [L. bos, bovis, ox, cow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Relating to that tribe of ruminant mammals of which the genus Bos is the type.

BOVIFORM Bo"vi*form, a. Etym: [L. bos, bovis, ox + -form.]

Defn: Resembling an ox in form; ox-shaped. [R.]

BOVINE Bo"vine, a. Etym: [LL. bovinus, fr.L. bos, bovis, ox, cow: cf. F. bovine. See Cow.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: of or pertaining to the genus Bos; relating to, or resembling, the ox or cow; oxlike; as, the bovine genus; a bovine antelope.

2. Having qualities characteristic of oxen or cows; sluggish and patient; dull; as, a bovine temperament. The bovine gaze of gaping rustics. W. Black.

BOW Bow (bou), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.] Etym: [OE. bowen, bogen, bugen, AS. bugan (generally v.i.); akin to D. buigen, OHG. biogan, G. biegen, beugen, Icel. boginn bent, beygja to bend, Sw. böja, Dan. böie, bugne, Coth. biugan; also to L. fugere to flee, Gr. bhuj to bend. sq. root88. Cf. Fugitive.]

1. To cause to deviate from straightness; to bend; to inflect; to make crooked or curved. We bow things the contrary way, to make them come to their natural straightness. Milton. The whole nation bowed their necks to the worst kind of tyranny. Prescott.

2. To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline. Adversities do more bow men's minds to religion. Bacon. Not to bow and bias their opinions. Fuller.

3. To bend or incline, as the head or body, in token of respect, gratitude, assent, homage, or condescension. They came to meet him, and bowed themselves to the ground before him. 2 Kings ii. 15.

4. To cause to bend down; to prostrate; to depress,; Whose heavy hand hath bowed you to the grave. Shak.

5. To express by bowing; as, to bow one's thanks.

BOW Bow (bou), v. i.

1. To bend; to curve. [Obs.]

2. To stop. [Archaic] They stoop, they bow down together. Is. xlvi. 2

3. To bend the head, knee, or body, in token of reverence or submission; -- often with down. O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our maker. Ps. xcv. 6.

4. To incline the head in token of salutation, civility, or assent; to make bow. Admired, adored by all circling crowd, For wheresoe'er she turned her face, they bowed. Dryden.

BOW Bow (bou), n.

Defn: An inclination of the head, or a bending of the body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submission; an obeisance; as, a bow of deep humility.

BOW Bow (bo), n. Etym: [OE. bowe, boge, AS. boga, fr. AS. bü to bend; akin to D. boog, G. bogen, Icel. bogi. See Bow, v. t.]

1. Anything bent, or in the form of a curve, as the rainbow. I do set my bow in the cloud. Gen. ix. 13.

2. A weapon made of a strip of wood, or other elastic material, with a cord connecting the two ends, by means of which an arrow is propelled.

3. An ornamental knot, with projecting lops, formed by doubling a ribbon or string.

4. The U-shaped piece which embraces the neck of an ox and fastens it to the yoke.

5. (Mus.)

Defn: An appliance consisting of an elastic rod, with a number of horse hairs stretched from end to end of it, used in playing on a stringed instrument.

6. An acrograph.

7. (Mech. & Manuf.)

Defn: Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging the hair, fur, etc., used by hatters.

8. (Naut.)

Defn: A rude sort of quadrant formerly used for taking the sun's altitude at sea.

9. (Saddlery) sing. or pl.

Defn: Two pieces of wood which form the arched forward part of a saddletree. Bow bearer (O. Eng. Law), an under officer of the forest who looked after trespassers. -- Bow drill, a drill worked by a bow and string. -- Bow instrument (Mus.), any stringed instrument from which the tones are produced by the bow. -- Bow window (Arch.) See Bay window. -- To draw a long bow, to lie; to exaggerate. [Colloq.]

BOW Bow (bo), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Bowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowing.]

Defn: To play (music) with a bow. -- v. i.

Defn: To manage the bow.

BOW Bow (bo), n. Etym: [Icel. bogr shoulder, bow of a ship. See Bough.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: The bending or rounded part of a ship forward; the stream or prow.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: One who rows in the forward part of a boat; the bow oar. Bow chaser (Naut.), a gun in the bow for firing while chasing another vessel. Totten. - Bow piece, a piece of ordnance carried at the bow of a ship. -- On the bow (Naut.), on that part of the horizon within 45º on either side of the line ahead. Totten.

BOWABLE Bow"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being bowed or bent; flexible; easily influenced; yielding. [Obs.]

BOWBELL Bow"bell`, n.

Defn: One born within hearing distance of Bow-bells; a cockney. Halliwell.

BOW-BELLS Bow"-bells`, n. pl.

Defn: The bells of Bow Church in London; cockneydom. People born within the sound of Bow-bells are usually called cockneys. Murray's Handbook of London.

BOWBENT Bow"bent`, a.

Defn: Bent, like a bow. Milton.

BOW-COMPASS Bow"-com`pass, n.; pl. Bow-compasses (.

1. An arcograph.

2. A small pair of compasses, one leg of which carries a pencil, or a pen, for drawing circles. Its legs are often connected by a bow- shaped spring, instead of by a joint.

3. A pair of compasses, with a bow or arched plate riveted to one of the legs, and passing through the other.

BOWDLERIZE Bowd"ler*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowdlerized; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowdlerizing.] [After Dr. Thomas Bowdler, an English physician, who published an expurgated edition of Shakespeare in 1818.]

Defn: To expurgate, as a book, by omitting or modifying the parts considered offensive.

It is a grave defect in the splendid tale of Tom Jones . . . that a Bowlderized version of it would be hardly intelligible as a tale. F. Harrison.

-- Bowd`ler*i*za"tion (#), n. --Bowd"ler*ism (#), n.

BOWEL Bow"el, n. Etym: [OE. bouel, bouele, OF. boel, boele, F. boyau, fr. L. botellus a small sausage, in LL. also intestine, dim. of L. botulus sausage.]

1. One of the intestines of an animal; an entrail, especially of man; a gut; -- generally used in the plural. He burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out. Acts i. 18.

2. pl.

Defn: Hence, figuratively: The interior part of anything; as, the bowels of the earth. His soldiers . . . cried out amain, And rushed into the bowels of the battle. Shak.

3. pl.

Defn: The seat of pity or kindness. Hence: Tenderness; compassion. "Thou thing of no bowels." Shak. Bloody Bonner, that corpulent tyrant, full (as one said) of guts, and empty of bowels. Fuller.

4. pl.

Defn: Offspring. [Obs.] Shak.

BOWEL Bow"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Boweled or Bowelled; p. pr.& vb. n. Boweling or Bowelling.]

Defn: To take out the bowels of; to eviscerate; to disembowel.

BOWELED Bow"eled, a. [Written also bowelled.]

Defn: Having bowels; hollow. "The boweled cavern." Thomson.

BOWELLESS Bow"el*less, a.

Defn: Without pity. Sir T. Browne.

BOWENITE Bow"en*ite, n. Etym: [From G.T.Bowen, who analyzed it in 1822.] (Min.)

Defn: A hard, compact variety of serpentine found in Rhode Island. It is of a light green color and resembles jade.

BOWER Bo"wer, n. Etym: [From Bow, v. & n.]

1. One who bows or bends.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: An anchor carried at the bow of a ship.

3. A muscle that bends a limb, esp. the arm. [Obs.] His rawbone arms, whose mighty brawned bowers Were wont to rive steel plates and helmets hew. Spenser. Best bower, Small bower. See the Note under Anchor.

BOWER Bow"er, n. Etym: [G. bauer a peasant. So called from the figure sometimes used for the knave in cards. See Boor.]

Defn: One of the two highest cards in the pack commonly used in the game of euchre. Right bower, the knave of the trump suit, the highest card (except the "Joker") in the game. -- Left bower, the knave of the other suit of the same color as the trump, being the next to the right bower in value. -- Best bower or Joker, in some forms of euchre and some other games, an extra card sometimes added to the pack, which takes precedence of all others as the highest card.

BOWER Bow"er, n. Etym: [OE. bour, bur, room, dwelling, AS. bur, fr. the root of AS. buan to dwell; akin to Icel. bur chamber, storehouse, Sw. bur cage, Dan. buur, OHG. pur room, G. bauer cage, bauer a peasant. *97] Cf.Boor, Byre.]

1. Anciently, a chamber; a lodging room; esp., a lady's private apartment. Give me my lute in bed now as I lie, And lock the doors of mine unlucky bower. Gascoigne.

2. A rustic cottage or abode; poetically, an attractive abode or retreat. Shenstone. B. Johnson.

3. A shelter or covered place in a garden, made with boughs of trees or vines, etc., twined together; an arbor; a shady recess.

BOWER Bow"er, v. t.

Defn: To embower; to inclose. Shak.

BOWER Bow"er, v. i.

Defn: To lodge. [Obs.] Spenser.

BOWER Bow"er, n. Etym: [From Bough, cf. Brancher.] (Falconry)

Defn: A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest. [Obs.]

BOWER-BARFF PROCESS Bow"er-Barff" proc`ess . (Metal.)

Defn: A certain process for producing upon articles of iron or steel an adherent coating of the magnetic oxide of iron (which is not liable to corrosion by air, moisture, or ordinary acids). This is accomplished by producing, by oxidation at about 1600º F. in a closed space, a coating containing more or less of the ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and the subsequent change of this in a reduced atmosphere to the magnetic oxide (Fe2O4).

BOWER BIRD Bow"er bird`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An Australian bird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus or holosericeus), allied to the starling, which constructs singular bowers or playhouses of twigs and decorates them with brightcolored objects; the satin bird.

Note: The name is also applied to other related birds of the same region, having similar habits; as, the spotted bower bird (Chalmydodera maculata), and the regent bird (Sericulus melinus).

BOWERY Bow"er*y, a.

Defn: Shading, like a bower; full of bowers. A bowery maze that shades the purple streams. Trumbull.

BOWERY Bow"er*y, n.; pl. Boweries Etym: [D. bouwerij.]

Defn: A farm or plantation with its buildings. [U.S.Hist.] The emigrants [in New York] were scattered on boweries or plantations; and seeing the evils of this mode of living widely apart, they were advised, in 1643 and 1646, by the Dutch authorities, to gather into "villages, towns, and hamlets, as the English were in the habit of doing." Bancroft.

BOWERY Bow"er*y, a.

Defn: Characteristic of the street called the Bowery, in New York city; swaggering; flashy.

BOWESS Bow"ess, n. (Falconry)

Defn: Same as Bower. [Obs.]

BOWFIN Bow"fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A voracious ganoid fish (Amia calva) found in the fresh waters of the United States; the mudfish; -- called also Johnny Grindle, and dogfish.

BOWGE Bowge, v. i.

Defn: To swell out. See Bouge. [Obs.]

BOWGE Bowge, v. t.

Defn: To cause to leak. [Obs.] See Bouge.

BOWGRACE Bow"grace`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A frame or fender of rope or junk, laid out at the sides or bows of a vessel to secure it from injury by floating ice.

BOW HAND Bow" hand`.

1. (Archery)

Defn: The hand that holds the bow, i. e., the left hand. Surely he shoots wide on the bow hand. Spenser.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: The hand that draws the bow, i. e., the right hand.

BOWHEAD Bow"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great Arctic or Greenland whale. (Balæna mysticetus). See Baleen, and Whale.

BOWIE KNIFE Bow"ie knife`.

Defn: A knife with a strong blade from ten to fifteen inches long, and double-edged near the point; -- used as a hunting knife, and formerly as a weapon in the southwestern part of the United States. It was named from its inventor, Colonel James Bowie. Also, by extension, any large sheath knife.

BOWING Bow"ing, n. (Mus.)

1. The act or art of managing the bow in playing on stringed instruments. Bowing constitutes a principal part of the art of the violinist, the violist, etc. J. W. Moore.

2. In hatmaking, the act or process of separating and distributing the fur or hair by means of a bow, to prepare it for felting.

BOWINGLY Bow"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a bending manner.

BOWKNOT Bow"knot`, n.

Defn: A knot in which a portion of the string is drawn through in the form of a loop or bow, so as to be readily untied.

BOWL Bowl, n. Etym: [OE. bolle, AS. bolla; akin to Icel. bolli, Dan. bolle, G. bolle, and perh. to E. boil a tumor. Cf. Boll.]

1. A concave vessel of various forms (often approximately hemisherical), to hold liquids, etc. Brought them food in bowls of basswood. Longfellow.

2. Specifically, a drinking vessel for wine or other spirituous liquors; hence, convival drinking.

3. The contents of a full bowl; what a bowl will hold.

4. The bollow part of a thing; as, the bowl of a spoon.

BOWL Bowl, n. Etym: [F. boule, fr. L. bulla bubble, stud. Cf. Bull an edict, Bill a writing.]

1. A ball of wood or other material used for rolling on a level surface in play; a ball of hard wood having one side heavier than the other, so as to give it a bias when rolled.

2. pl.

Defn: An ancient game, popular in Great Britain, played with biased balls on a level plat of greensward. Like an uninstructed bowler, . . . who thinks to attain the jack by delivering his bowl straightforward upon it. Sir W. Scott.

3. pl.

Defn: The game of tenpins or bowling. [U.S.]

BOWL Bowl, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bowled; p. pr. & vb. n. Bowling.]

1. To roll, as a bowl or cricket ball. Break all the spokes and fellies from her wheel, And bowl the round nave down the hill of heaven. Shak.