Chapter CCCLXVII: Prologue (18)

Note: Red is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, red-breasted, red-cheeked, red-faced, red-haired, red- headed, red-skinned, red-tailed, red-topped, red-whiskered, red- coasted. Red admiral (Zoöl.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta) common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zoöl.) (a) A very small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite. See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zoöl.) See Redfish (d). -- Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard (Zoöl.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact, light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. -- Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug. (Zoöl.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P. apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in India.

-- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zoöl.), the precious coral (Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English. (b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zoöl.) (a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck (Zoöl.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red empress (Zoöl.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir (Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.) See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox (Zoöl.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zoöl.), the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, or Red gum-tree (Bot.), a name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaumé, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster. -- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked. -- Red horse. (Zoöl.) (a) Any large American red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. -- Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of the wheat midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple (Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite. (Zoöl.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet (Zoöl.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch (Zoöl.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone. (Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zoöl.), a scale insect (Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver, and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zoöl.), a large fish (Lutlanus aya or Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation. -- Red spider (Zoöl.), a very small web-spinning mite (Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zoöl.), the chickaree. -- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and delay. -- Red underwing (Zoöl.), any species of noctuid moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle, so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.

RED Red (rd), n.

1. The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from violet, or a tint resembling these. "Celestial rosy red, love's proper hue." Milton.

2. A red pigment.

3. (European Politics)

Defn: An abbreviation for Red Republican. See under Red, a. [Cant]

4. pl. (Med.)

Defn: The menses. Dunglison. English red, a pigment prepared by the Dutch, similar to Indian red. -- Hypericum red, a red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum. -- Indian red. See under Indian, and Almagra.

REDACT Re*dact" (r*dkt"), v. t. Etym: [L. redactus, p. p. of redigere; pref. red-, re-, again, back + agere to put in motion, to drive.]

Defn: To reduce to form, as literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for publication); to edit.

REDACTEUR Ré`dac`teur" (ray`dak`ter"), n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Redactor.

REDACTION Re*dac"tion (r*dk"shn), n. Etym: [F. rédaction.]

Defn: The act of redacting; work produced by redacting; a digest.

REDACTOR Re*dac"tor (-tr), n.

Defn: One who redacts; one who prepares matter for publication; an editor. Carlyle.

REDAN Re*dan" (r*dn"), n. Etym: [F., for OF. redent a double notching or jagging, as in the teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. re- re- + dens, dentis, a tooth. Cf. Redented.] [Written sometimes redent and redens.]

1. (Fort.)

Defn: A work having two parapets whose faces unite so as to form a salient angle toward the enemy.

2. A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven ground, to keep the parts level.

REDARGUE Red*ar"gue (rd*r"g), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Redargued (-gd); p. pr. & vb. n. Redarguing.] Etym: [L. redarguere; pref. red-, re- re- + arguere to accuse, charge with: cf. F. rédarguer.]

Defn: To disprove; to refute; toconfute; to reprove; to convict. [Archaic] How shall I . . . suffer that God should redargue me at doomsday, and the angels reproach my lukewarmness Jer. Taylor. Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external objects has, as far as I know, been redargued in three different ways. Sir W. Hamilton.

REDARGUTION Red`ar*gu"tion (rd`r*g"shn), n. Etym: [L. redargutio.]

Defn: The act of redarguing; refutation. [Obs. or R.] Bacon.

REDARGUTORY Red`ar*gu"to*ry (-t*r), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory. [R.]

REDBACK Red"back` (rd"bk`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The dunlin. [U. S.]

REDBELLY Red"bel`ly (-bl`l), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The char.

REDBIRD Red"bird` (-brd`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The cardinal bird. (b) The summer redbird (Piranga rubra). (c) The scarlet tanager. See Tanager.

REDBREAST Red"breast` (-brst`), n.

1. (Zoöl.) (a) The European robin. (b) The American robin. See Robin. (c) The knot, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also robin breast, and robin snipe. See Knot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-eared pondfish. See Pondfish.

REDBUD Red"bud` (-bd`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A small ornamental leguminous tree of the American species of the genus Cercis. See Judas tree, under Judas.

REDCAP Red"cap`, n.

1. (Zoöl)

Defn: The European goldfinch.

2. A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed to haunt old castles in Scotland. [Scot.] Jamieson.

REDCOAT Red"coat` (-kot`), n.

Defn: One who wears a red coat; specifically, a red-coated British soldier.

RED CROSS Red Cross.

1. The crusaders or the cause they represented.

2. A hospital or ambulance service established as a result of, though not provided for by, the Geneva convention of 1864; any of the national societies for alleviating the sufferings of the sick and wounded war, also giving aid and relief during great calamities; also, a member or worker of such a society; -- so called from the badge of neutrality; the Geneva cross.

REDDE Red"de (-de),

Defn: obs. imp. of Read, or Rede. Chaucer.

REDDEN Red"den (rd"d'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reddened (-d'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Reddening.] Etym: [From Red, a.]

Defn: To make red or somewhat red; to give a red color to.

REDDEN Red"den, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become red; to blush. Appius reddens at each word you speak. Pope. He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek reddened than his obstinacy was at once subbued. Sir W. SCott.

REDDENDUM Red*den"dum (rd*dn"dm), n. Etym: [Neut. of L. reddendus that must be given back or yielded, gerundive of reddere. See Reddition.] (Law)

Defn: A clause in a deed by which some new thing is reserved out of what had been granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in a lease. Cruise.

REDDISH Red"dish (rd"dsh), a.

Defn: Somewhat red; moderately red. -- Red"dish*ness, n.

REDDITION Red*di"tion (rd*dsh"n), n.Etym: [L. redditio, fr. reddere to give back, to return: cf. F. reddition. See Render.]

1. Restoration: restitution: surrender. Howell.

2. Explanation; representation. [R.] The reddition or application of the comparison. Chapman.

REDDITIVE Red"di**tive (rd"d*tv), a. Etym: [L. redditivus.] (Gram.)

Defn: Answering to an interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply; as, redditive words.

REDDLE Red"dle (rd"d'l), n. Etym: [From Red; cf. G. r. Cf. Ruddle.] (Min.)

Defn: Red chalk. See under Chalk.

RED DOG FLOUR; RED-DOG FLOUR Red dog, or Red`-dog" flour.

Defn: The lowest grade of flour in milling. It is dark and of little expansive power, is secured largely from the germ or embryo and adjacent parts, and contains a relatively high percentage of protein. It is chiefly useful as feed for farm animals.

REDDOUR Red"dour (rd"dr), n. Etym: [F. raideur, fr. raide stiff.]

Defn: Rigor; violence. [Obs.] Gower.

REDE Rede (rd), v. t. Etym: [See Read, v. t.]

1. To advise or counsel. [Obs. or Scot.] I rede that our host here shall begin. Chaucer.

2. To interpret; to explain. [Obs.] My sweven [dream] rede aright. Chaucer.

REDE Rede, n. Etym: [See Read, n.]

1. Advice; counsel; suggestion. [Obs. or Scot.] Burns. There was none other remedy ne reed. Chaucer.

2. A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise saw. [Obs.] "This rede is rife." Spenser.

REDEEM Re*deem" (r*dm"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Redeemed. (-dp. pr. & vb. n. Redeeming.] Etym: [F. r\'82dimer, L. redimere; pref. red-, re- re- + emere, emptum, to buy, originally, to take, cf. OIr. em (in comp.), Lith. imti. Cf. Assume, Consume, Exempt, Premium, Prompt, Ransom.]

1. To purchase back; to regain possession of by payment of a stipulated price; to repurchase. If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it is sold. Lev. xxv. 29.

2. Hence, specifically: (a) (Law) To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as mortgaged property, by paying what may be due by force of the mortgage. (b) (Com.) To regain by performing the obligation or condition stated; to discharge the obligation mentioned in, as a promissory note, bond, or other evidence of debt; as, to redeem bank notes with coin.

3. To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to recover; as, to redeem a captive, a pledge, and the like. Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. Ps. xxv. 22. The Almighty from the grave Hath me redeemed. Sandys.

4. (Theol.)

Defn: Hence, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law. Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us. Gal. iii. 13.

5. To make good by performing fully; to fulfill; as, to redeem one's promises. I will redeem all this on Percy's head. Shak.

6. To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to serve as an equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to compensate; as, to redeem an error. Which of ye will be mortal, to redeem Man's mortal crime Milton. It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows. Shak. To redeem the time, to make the best use of it.

REDEEMABILITY Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty (-*bl"*t), n.

Defn: Redeemableness.

REDEEMABLE Re*deem"a*ble (-*b;l), a.

1. Capable of being redeemed; subject to repurchase; held under conditions permitting redemption; as, a pledge securing the payment of money is redeemable.

2. Subject to an obligation of redemtion; conditioned upon a promise of redemtion; payable; due; as, bonds, promissory notes, etc. , redeemabble in gold, or in current money, or four months after date.

REDEEMABLENESS Re*deem"a*ble*ness (r*dm"*b'l*ns), n.

Defn: The quality or state of being redeemable; redeemability.

REDEEMER Re*deem"er (r*dm"r), n.

1. One who redeems.

2. Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ.

REDELESS Rede"less (rd"ls), a.

Defn: Without rede or counsel. [Obs.]

REDELIBERATE Re`de*lib"er*ate (r`d*lb"r*t), v. t. & i.

Defn: To deliberate again; to reconsider.

REDELIVER Re`de*liv"er (r`d*lv"r), v. t.

1. To deliver or give back; to return. Ay

2. To deliver or liberate a second time or again.

3. To report; to deliver the answer of. [R.] "Shall I redeliver you e'en so" Shak.

REDELIVERANCE Re`de*liv"er*ance (-ans), n.

Defn: A second deliverance.

REDELIVERY Re`de*liv"er*y (-), n.

1. Act of delivering back.

2. A second or new delivery or liberation.

REDEMAND Re`de*mand" (r`d*-mnd"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- back, again + demand: cf. F. redemander.]

Defn: To demand back; to demand again.

REDEMAND Re`de*mand", n.

Defn: A demanding back; a second or renewed demand.

REDEMISE Re`de*mise" (-mz"), v. t.

Defn: To demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.

REDEMISE Re`de*mise", n. (Law)

Defn: The transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it; reconveyance; as, the demise and redemise of an estate. See under Demise.

REDEMONSTRATE Re*dem"on*strate (r*dm"n*strt or r`d*mn"-strt), v. t.

Defn: To demonstrate again, or anew. Every truth of morals must be redemonstrated in the experience of the individual man before he is capable of utilizing it as a constituent of character or a guide in action. Lowell.

REDEMPTIBLE Re*demp"ti*ble (r*dmp"t*b'l), a.

Defn: Redeemable.

RE-DEMPTION Re-demp"tion (-shn), n. Etym: [F. rédemption, L. redemptio. See Redeem, and cf. Ransom.]

Defn: The act of redeeming, or the state of being redeemed; repurchase; ransom; release; rescue; deliverance; as, the redemption of prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a ship and cargo. Specifically: (a) (Law) The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the taking back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming and reëntering upon an estate mortgaged. See Equity of redemption, under Equity. (b) (Com.) Performance of the obligation stated in a note, bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by making payment to the holder. (c) (Theol.) The procuring of God's favor by the sufferings and death of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated law. In whom we have redemption through his blood. Eph. i. 7.

REDEMPTIONARY Re*demp"tion*a*ry (-*r), n.

Defn: One who is, or may be, redeemed. [R.] Hakluyt.

REDEMPTIONER Re*demp"tion*er (-r), n.

1. One who redeems himself, as from debt or servitude.

2. Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from Europe to America, sold his services for a stipulated time to pay the expenses of his passage.

REDEMPTIONIST Re*demp"tion*ist, n. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also Trinitarian.

REDEMPTIVE Re*demp"tive (-tv), a.

Defn: Serving or tending to redeem; redeeming; as, the redemptive work of Christ.

REDEMPTORIST Re*demp"tor*ist (-tr*st), n. Etym: [F. rédemptoriste, fr. L. redemptor redeemer, from redinere. See Redeem.] (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: One of the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to preaching to the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and are forbidden by their rule to engage in the instruction of youth.

REDEMPTORY Re*demp"to*ry (-t*r), a.

Defn: Paid for ransom; serving to redeem. "Hector's redemptory price." Chapman.

REDEMPTURE Re*demp"ture (-tr; 135), n.

Defn: Redemption. [Obs.]

REDENTED Re*dent"ed (r*dnt"d), a. Etym: [From OF. redent. See Redan.]

Defn: Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.

REDEPOSIT Re`de*pos"it (r`d*pz"t), v. t.

Defn: To deposit again.

REDESCEND Re`de*scend" (-snd"), v. i. Etym: [Pref. re- + descend: cf. F. redescendre.]

Defn: To descend again. Howell.

REDEVELOP Re`de*vel"op, v. t. & i.

Defn: To develop again; specif. (Photog.),

Defn: to intensify (a developed image), as by bleaching with mercuric chloride and subsequently subjecting anew to a developing agent. -- Re`de*vel"op*er (#), n. --Re`de*vel"op*ment (#), n.

REDEYE Red"eye` (rd"`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The rudd. (b) Same as Redfish. (d). (c) The goggle-eye, or fresh-water rock bass. [Local, U.S.]

REDFIN Red"fin` (-fn`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small North American dace (Minnilus cornutus, or Notropis megalops). The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins. Called also red dace, and shiner. Applied also to Notropis ardens, of the Mississippi valley.

REDFINCH Red"finch` (-fînch`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European linnet.

REDFISH Red"fish` (rêd"fîsh`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The blueback salmon of the North Pacific; -- called also nerka. See Blueback. (b). (b) The rosefish. (c) A large California labroid food fish (Trochocopus pulcher); -- called also fathead. (d) The red bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under Drumfish.

RED-GUM Red"-gum` (-gm`), n. Etym: [OE. reed gounde; AS. reád red + gund matter, pus.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus. Good.

2. A name of rust on grain. See Rust.

RED-HAND; RED-HANDED Red"-hand` (rd"hnd`), Red"-hand`ed (-hnd`d), a. or adv.

Defn: Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as if with red or bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act of homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; as, he was taken red-hand or red-handed.

REDHEAD Red"head` (-hd`), n.

1. A person having red hair.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) An American duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and its head brighter red. Called also red-headed duck. American poachard, grayback, and fall duck. See Illust. under Poachard. (b) The red-headed woodpecker. See Woodpecker.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of milkweed (Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. It is used in medicine.

REDHIBITION Red`hi*bi"tion (rd`h*bsh"n), n. Etym: [L. redhibitio a taking back.] (Civil Law)

Defn: The annulling of a sale, and the return by the buyer of the article sold, on account of some defect.

REDHIBITORY Red*hib"i*to*ry (rd*hb"*t*r), a. Etym: [L. redhibitorius.] (Civil Law)

Defn: Of or pertaining to redhibition; as, a redhibitory action or fault.

REDHOOP Red"hoop` (rd"hp`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of the European bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]

REDHORN Red"horn` (-hrn`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of a tribe of butterflies (Fugacia) including the common yellow species and the cabbage butterflies. The antennæ are usually red.

RED-HOT Red"-hot` (-ht`), a.

Defn: Red with heat; heated to redness; as, red-hot iron; red-hot balls. Hence, figuratively, excited; violent; as, a red-hot radical. Shak.

REDIA Re"di*a (r"d*), n.; pl. L. Rediæ (-e), E. Redias (-. Etym: [NL.; of uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of larva, or nurse, which is prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another generation of rediæ, or else cercariæ within its own body. Called also proscolex, and nurse. See Illustration in Appendix.

REDIENT Re"di*ent (r"d-ent), a. Etym: [L. rediens, p. pr. of redire to return; pref. red- + ire to go.]

Defn: Returning. [R.]

REDIF Re*dif", n. [Turk. redif, fr. radif, orig., he who rides behind another on the same beast, fr. radaf to follow.]

Defn: A reserve force in the Turkish army, or a soldier of the reserve. See Army organization, above.

REDIGEST Re`di*gest" (r`d*jst"), v. t.

Defn: To digest, or reduce to form, a second time. Kent.

REDIMINISH Re`di*min"ish (-mn"sh), v. t.

Defn: To diminish again.

REDINGOTE Red"in*gote (rd"n*gt), n. Etym: [F., corrupted from E. reding coat.]

Defn: A long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.

REDINTEGRATE Re*din"te*grate (r*dn"t*grt), a. Etym: [L. redintegratus, p.p. of redintegrare to restore; pref. red-, re-, re- + integrare to make whole, to renew, fr. integer whole. See Integer.]

Defn: Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed. Bacon.

REDINTEGRATE Re*din"te*grate (-grt), v. t.

Defn: To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or soundness. The English nation seems obliterated. What could redintegrate us again Coleridge.

REDINTEGRATION Re*din`te*gra"tion (-gr"shn), n. Etym: [L. redintegratio.]

1. Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal; renovation. Dr. H. More.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its former nature and state. [Achaic.] Coxe.

3. (Psychology)

Defn: The law that objects which have been previously combined as part of a single mental state tend to recall or suggest one another; -- adopted by many philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association of ideas.

REDIRECT Re`di*rect" (r`d*rkt"), a. (Law)

Defn: Applied to the examination of a witness, by the party calling him, after the cross-examination.

REDISBURSE Re`dis*burse" (r`ds*brs"), v. t.

Defn: To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back. Spenser.

REDISCOVER Re`dis*cov"er (-kv"r), v. t.

Defn: To discover again.

REDISPOSE Re`dis*pose" (-pz"), v. t.

Defn: To dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange. A. Baxter.

REDISSEIZE Re`dis*seize" (-sz"), v. t. (Law)

Defn: To disseize anew, or a second time. [Written also redisseise.]

REDISSEIZIN Re`dis*sei"zin (-s"zn), n. (Law)

Defn: A disseizin by one who once before was adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands, etc.; also, a writ which lay in such a case. Blackstone.

REDISSEIZOR Re`dis*sei"zor (-zr), n. (Law)

Defn: One who redisseizes.

REDISSOLVE Re`dis*solve" (r`dz*zlv"), v. t.

Defn: To dissolve again.

REDISTILL Re`dis*till" (r`ds*tl"), v. t.

Defn: To distill again.

REDISTRAINER Re`dis*train"er (-trn"r), n.

Defn: One who distrains again.

REDISTRIBUTE Re`dis*trib"ute (-trb"t), v. t.

Defn: To distribute again. -- Re*dis`tri*bu"tion (-tr, n.

REDISTRICT Re*dis"trict (-trkt), v. t.

Defn: To divide into new districts.

REDITION Re*di"tion (r*dsh"n), n. Etym: [L. reditio, fr. redire. See Redient.]

Defn: Act of returning; return. [Obs.] Chapman.

REDIVIDE Re`di*vide" (r`d*vd"), v. t.

Defn: To divide anew.

REDIVIVUS Red`i*vi"vus, a. [L., fr. pref. red-, re-, re- + vivus alive.]

Defn: Living again; revived; restored.

REDLEG; REDLEGS Red"leg` (rd"lg`), Red`legs` (-lgz`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The redshank. (b) The turnstone.

RED-LETTER Red"-let`ter (-lt`tr), a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters. Red- letter day, a day that is fortunate or auspicious; -- so called in allusion to the custom of marking holy days, or saints' days, in the old calendars with red letters.

RED-LIGHT DISTRICT Red-light district.

Defn: A district or neighborhood in which disorderly resorts are frequent; -- so called in allusion to the red light kept in front of many such resorts at night. [Colloq. or Cant]

REDLY Red"ly, adv.

Defn: In a red manner; with redness.

REDMOUTH Red"mouth` (-mouth`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Diabasis, or Hæmulon, of the Southern United States, having the inside of the mouth bright red. Called also flannelmouth, and grunt.

REDNESS Red"ness, n. Etym: [AS. r. See Red.]

Defn: The quality or state of being red; red color.

REDOLENCE; REDOLENCY Red"o*lence, Red"o*len*cy, n.

Defn: The quality of being redolent; sweetness of scent; pleasant odor; fragrance.

REDOLENT Red"o*lent (-lent), a. Etym: [L. redolens, -entis, p. pr. of redolere to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. red-, re-, re- + olere to emit a smell. See Odor.]

Defn: Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; -- usually followed by of. "Honey redolent of spring." Dryden. -- Red"o*lent*ly, adv. Gales . . . redolent of joy and youth. Gray.

REDOUBLE Re*dou"ble (r*db"'l), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + double: cf. F. redoubler. Cf. Reduplicate.]

Defn: To double again or repeatedly; to increase by continued or repeated additions; to augment greatly; to multiply. So they Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. Shak. n. An optional bid made by the side currently holding the highest bid for the contract, after the opposing side has doubled. This bid increases the score for successfully making the contract, and increases the penalties for failing. The score or penalty depends on the number of tricks over or under the contract, according to a defined schedule, and depending on the vulnerability of the side attempting the contract.

REDOUBLE Re*dou"ble, v. i.

Defn: To become greatly or repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to be greatly augmented; as, the noise redoubles.

REDOUBT Re*doubt" (r*dout"), n. Etym: [F. redoute, fem., It. ridotto, LL. reductus, literally, a retreat, from L. reductus drawn back, retired, p. p. of reducere to lead or draw back; cf. F. réduit, also fr. LL. reductus. See Reduce, and cf. Reduct, R, Ridotto.] (Fort.) (a) A small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and without flanking defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of hills and passes, and positions in hostile territory. (b) In permanent works, an outwork placed within another outwork. See F and i in Illust. of Ravelin. [Written also redout.]

REDOUBT Re*doubt", v. t. Etym: [F. redouter, formerly also spelt redoubter; fr. L. pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt, in LL., to fear. See Doubt.]

Defn: To stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [R.]

REDOUBTABLE Re*doubt"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Etym: [F. redoutable, formerly also spelt redoubtable.]

Defn: Formidable; dread; terrible to foes; as, a redoubtable hero; hence, valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque. [Written also redoutable.]

REDOUBTED Re*doubt"ed, a.

Defn: Formidable; dread. "Some redoubled knight." Spenser. Lord regent, and redoubted Burgandy. Shak.

REDOUBTING Re*doubt"ing, n.

Defn: Reverence; honor. [Obs.] In redoutyng of Mars and of his glory. Chaucer.

REDOUND Re*dound" (r*dound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Redounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Redounding.] Etym: [F. redonder, L. redundare; pref. red-, re-, re- + undare to rise in waves or surges, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate, and cf. Redundant.]

1. To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back; to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to contribute; to result. The evil, soon Driven back, redounded as a flood on those From whom it sprung. Milton. The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds to God, the author of it. Rogers. both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will no small use redound from them to that manufacture. Addison.

2. To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be redundant; to overflow. For every dram of honey therein found, A pound of gall doth over it redound. Spenser.

REDOUND Re*dound", n.

1. The coming back, as of consequence or effect; result; return; requital. We give you welcome; not without redound Of use and glory to yourselves ye come. Tennyson.

2. Rebound; reverberation. [R.] Codrington.

REDOWA Red"ow*a (rd"*), n. Etym: [F., fr. Bohemian.]

Defn: A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a polka. The former is most in use.

REDPOLE Red"pole` (rd"pl`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Redpoll.

REDPOLL Red"poll` (-pl`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of small northern finches of the genus Acanthis (formerly Ægiothus), native of Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of the most common species (A. linarius) has also the breast and rump rosy. Called also redpoll linnet. See Illust. under Linnet. (b) The common European linnet. (c) The American redpoll warbler (Dendroica palmarum).

REDRAFT Re*draft" (re*draft"), v. t.

Defn: To draft or draw anew.

REDRAFT Re*draft", n.

1. A second draft or copy.

2. (Com.)

Defn: A new bill of exchange which the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs and charges.

REDRAW Re*draw" (r*dr"), v. t. [imp. Redrew (-dr");p. p. Redrawn (-dr*n"); p. pr. & vb. n. Redrawing.]

Defn: To draw again; to make a second draft or copy of; to redraft.

REDRAW Re*draw", v. i. (Com.)

Defn: To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers.

REDRESS Re*dress" (r*drs"), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + dress.]

Defn: To dress again.

REDRESS Re*dress" (r*drs"), v. t. Etym: [F. redresser to straighten; pref. re- re- + dresser to raise, arrange. See Dress.]

1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise. [R.] The common profit could she redress. Chaucer. In yonder spring of roses intermixed With myrtle, find what to redress till noon. Milton. Your wish that I should redress a certain paper which you had prepared. A. Hamilton.

2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from. Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . . I doubt not but with honor to redress. Shak.

3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon. "'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to redress." Dryden. Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye Byron.

REDRESS Re*dress", n.

1. The act of redressing; a making right; reformation; correction; amendment. [R.] Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves. Hooker.

2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; as, the redress of grievances; hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification. Shak. A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for redress when the cry is universal. Davenant.

3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser. Fair majesty, the refuge and redress Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress. Dryden.

REDRESSAL Re*dress"al (r*drs"al), n.

Defn: Redress.

REDRESSER Re*dress"er (-r), n.

Defn: One who redresses.

REDRESSIBLE Re*dress"i*ble (-*b'l), a.

Defn: Such as may be redressed.

REDRESSIVE Re*dress"ive (-v), a.

Defn: Tending to redress. Thomson.

REDRESSLESS Re*dress"less, a.

Defn: Not having redress; such as can not be redressed; irremediable. Sherwood.

REDRESSMENT Re*dress"ment (-ment), n. Etym: [Cf. F. redressement.]

Defn: The act of redressing; redress. Jefferson.

RED-RIBAND Red"-rib`and (rd"rb`and), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European red band fish, or fireflame. See Rend fish.

REDROOT Red"root` (rd"rt`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name of several plants having red roots, as the New Jersey tea (see under Tea), the gromwell, the bloodroot, and the Lachnanthes tinctoria, an endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to Florida.

REDSEAR Red`sear" (rd`sr"), v. i.

Defn: To be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short. Moxon.

REDSHANK Red"shank` (rd"shnk`), n.

1. (Zoöl.) (a) A common Old World limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (T. fuscus) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also redshanks, redleg, and clee. (b) The fieldfare.

2. A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to their bare legs. Spenser.

RED-SHORT Red"-short` (-shrt`), a. (Metal.)

Defn: Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said of certain kinds of iron. -- Red"-short`ness, n.

REDSKIN Red"skin` (-skn`), n.

Defn: A common appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the color of the skin. Cooper.

REDSTART Red"start` (-strt`), n. Etym: [Red + start tail.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small, handsome European singing bird (Ruticilla phoenicurus), allied to the nightingale; -- called also redtail, brantail, fireflirt, firetail. The black redstart is P.tithys. The name is also applied to several other species of Ruticilla amnd allied genera, native of India. (b) An American fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). The male is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings, and tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.

REDSTREAK Red"streak` (-strk`), n.

1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked with red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple. Mortimer.

2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples.

REDTAIL Red"tail` (-tl`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-tailed hawk. (b) The European redstart.

RED-TAILED Red"-tailed` (-tld`), a.

Defn: Having a red tail. Red-tailed hawk (Zoöl.), a large North American hawk (Buteo borealis). When adult its tail is chestnut red. Called also hen hawck, and red-tailed buzzard.

RED-TAPE Red"-tape` (-tp`), a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See Red tape, under Red, a.

RED-TAPISM Red`-tap"ism (rd`tp"z'm), n.

Defn: Strict adherence to official formalities. J. C. Shairp.

RED-TAPIST Red`-tap"ist, n.

Defn: One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official formalities. Ld. Lytton.

REDTHROAT Red"throat` (rd"thrt`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small Australian singing bird (Phyrrholæmus brunneus). The upper parts are brown, the center of the throat red.

REDTOP Red"top` (-tp`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of grass (Agrostis vulgaris) highly valued in the United States for pasturage and hay for cattle; -- called also English grass, and in some localities herd's grass. See Illustration in Appendix. The tall redtop is Triodia seslerioides.

REDUB Re*dub" (r*db"), v. t. Etym: [F. radouber to refit or repair.]

Defn: To refit; to repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite. [Obs.] It shall be good that you redub that negligence. Wyatt. God shall give power to redub it with some like requital to the French. Grafton.

REDUCE Re*duce" (re*dus"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reduced (-dust"),; p. pr. & vb. n. Reducing (-du"sîng).] Etym: [L. reducere, reductum; pref. red- . re-, re- + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Redoubt, n.]

1. To bring or lead back to any former place or condition. [Obs.] And to his brother's house reduced his wife. Chapman. The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates reduce and direct us. Evelyn.

2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to impair; as, to reduce a sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of heat. "An ancient but reduced family." Sir W. Scott. Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something belonging to it, to reduce it. Tillotson. Having reduced Their foe to misery beneath their fears. Milton. Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the clergyman reduced. Hawthorne.

3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture; as, to reduce a province or a fort.

4. To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to reduce a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp. It were but right And equal to reduce me to my dust. Milton.

5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation; as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a class or classes; to reduce a series of observations in astronomy; to reduce language to rules.

6. (Arith.) (a) To change, as numbers, from one denomination into another without altering their value, or from one denomination into others of the same value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to pence, or to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and hours. (b) To change the form of a quantity or expression without altering its value; as, to reduce fractions to their lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc.

7. (Chem.)

Defn: To bring to the metallic state by separating from impurities; hence, in general, to remove oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the action of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron; or metals are reduced from their ores; -- opposed to Ant: oxidize.

8. (Med.)

Defn: To restore to its proper place or condition, as a displaced organ or part; as, to reduce a dislocation, a fracture, or a hernia. Reduced iron (Chem.), metallic iron obtained through deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a current of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is used the product is called also iron by hydrogen. -- To reduce an equation (Alg.), to bring the unknown quantity by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the other side, without destroying the equation. -- To reduce an expression (Alg.), to obtain an equivalent expression of simpler form. -- To reduce a square (Mil.), to reform the line or column from the square.

Syn. -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten; curtail; impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate; conquer.

REDUCEMENT Re*duce"ment (r*ds"ment), n.

Defn: Reduction. Milton.

REDUCENT Re*du"cent (r*d"sent), a. Etym: [L. reducens, p. pr. of reducere.]

Defn: Tending to reduce. -- n.

Defn: A reducent agent.

REDUCER Re*du"cer (-sr), n.

Defn: One who, or that which, reduces.

REDUCIBLE Re*du"ci*ble (-s*b'll), a.

Defn: Capable of being reduced.

REDUCIBLENESS Re*du"ci*ble*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being reducible.

REDUCING Re*du"cing (r*d"sng),

Defn: a & n. from Reduce. Reducing furnace (Metal.), a furnace for reducing ores. -- Reducing pipe fitting, a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one. -- Reducing valve, a device for automatically maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a pipe, or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in which the pressure is higher than is desired in the receiver.

REDUCT Re*duct" (r*dkt"), v. t.. Etym: [L.reductus, p. p. of reducere. See Reduce.]

Defn: To reduce. [Obs.] W. Warde.

REDUCTIBILITY Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty (r*dk`t*bl"*t), n.

Defn: The quality of being reducible; reducibleness.

REDUCTION Re*duc"tion (r*dk"shn), n. Etym: [F. réduction, L. reductio. See Reduce.]

1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a body to powder; the reduction of things to order; the reduction of the expenses of government; the reduction of a rebellious province.

2. (Arith. & Alq.)

Defn: The act or process of reducing. See Reduce, v. t., 6. and To reduce an equation, To reduce an expression, under Reduce, v. t.

3. (Astron.) (a) The correction of observations for known errors of instruments, etc. (b) The preparation of the facts and measurements of observations in order to deduce a general result.

4. The process of making a copy of something, as a figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the proper proportions. Fairholt.

5. (Logic)

Defn: The bringing of a syllogism in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first figure.

6. (Chem. & Metal.)

Defn: The act, process, or result of reducing; as, the reduction of iron from its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from alcohol.

7. (Med.)

Defn: The operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured part to its former place. Reduction ascending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher denomination, as cents to dollars. -- Reduction descending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination, as dollars to cents.

Syn. -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment; subjugation; conquest; subjection.

REDUCTIVE Re*duc"tive (-tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réductif.]

Defn: Tending to reduce; having the power or effect of reducing. -- n.

Defn: A reductive agent. Sir M. Hale.

REDUCTIVELY Re*duc"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: By reduction; by consequence.

REDUIT Ré`duit" (r`dw"), n. Etym: [F. See Redoubt, n. ] (Fort.)

Defn: A central or retired work within any other work.

REDUNDANCE; REDUNDANCY Re*dun"dance, Re*dun"dan*cy, n. Etym: [L. redundantia: cf. F. redondance.]

1. The quality or state of being redundant; superfluity; superabundance; excess.

2. That which is redundant or in excess; anything superfluous or superabundant. Labor . . . throws off redundacies. Addison.

3. (Law)

Defn: Surplusage inserted in a pleading which may be rejected by the court without impairing the validity of what remains.

REDUNDANT Re*dun"dant (-dant), a. Etym: [L. redundans, -antis, p. pr. of redundare: cf. F. redondant. See Redound.]

1. Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as, a redundant quantity of bile or food. Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do not increase fat so much as flesh. Arbuthnot.

2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; pleonastic. Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched. I. Watts.

Syn. -- Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant; overflowing; plentiful; copious.

REDUNDANTLY Re*dun"dant*ly (r*dn"dant*l), adv.

Defn: In a refundant manner.

REDUPLICATE Re*du"pli*cate (r*d"pl*kt), a. Etym: [Pref. re- + duplicate: cf. L. reduplicatus. Cf. Redouble.]

1. Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Valvate with the margins curved outwardly; -- said of the

REDUPLICATE Re*du"pli*cate (-kt), v. t. Etym: [Cf. LL. reduplicare.]

1. To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.

2. (Gram.)

Defn: To repeat the first letter or letters of (a word). See Reduplication,3.

REDUPLICATION Re*du`pli*ca"tion (-kshn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. réduplication, L. reduplicatio repetition.]

1. The act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.

2. (Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a verse is the same as the last word of the preceding verse.

3. (Philol.)

Defn: The doubling of a stem or syllable (more or less modified), with the effect of changing the time expressed, intensifying the meaning, or making the word more imitative; also, the syllable thus added; as, L. tetuli; poposci.

REDUPLICATIVE Re*du"pli*ca*tive (-k*tv), a. Etym: [Cf. F. réduplicatif.]

Defn: Double; formed by reduplication; reduplicate. I. Watts.

REDUVID Red"u*vid (rd"*vd), n. Etym: [L. reduvia a hangnail.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hemipterous insect of the genus Redivius, or family Reduvidæ. They live by sucking the blood of other insects, and some species also attack man.

REDWEED Red"weed` (rêd"wed`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: The red poppy (Papaver Rhoeas). Dr. Prior.

REDWING Red"wing` (-wng`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A European thrush (Turdus iliacus). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called also redwinged thrush. (b) A North American passerine bird (Agelarius phoeniceus) of the family Icteridæ. The male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each wing. Called also redwinged blackbird, red-winged troupial, marsh blackbird, and swamp blackbird.

REDWITHE Red"withe` (rd"wth`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: A west Indian climbing shrub (Combretum Jacquini) with slender reddish branchlets.

REDWOOD Red"wood` (-wood`), n. (Bot.) (a) A gigantic coniferous tree (Sequoia sempervirens) of California, and its light and durable reddish timber. See Sequoia. (b) An East Indian dyewood, obtained from Pterocarpus santalinus, Cæsalpinia Sappan, and several other trees.

Note: The redwood of Andaman is Pterocarpus dalbergioides; that of some parts of tropical America, several species of Erythoxylum; that of Brazil, the species of Humirium.

REE Ree (re), n. Etym: [Pg. real, pl. reis. See Real the money.]

Defn: See Rei.

REE Ree, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. r, raden, raiten. Cf. Riddle a sieve.]

Defn: To riddle; to sift; to separate or throw off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.

REEBOK Ree"bok` (r"bk`), n. Etym: [D., literally, roebuck.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The peele. [Written also rehboc and rheeboc.]

REECHO; RE-ECHO Re*ech"o, v. t.

Defn: To echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills reëcho the roar of cannon.

REECHO Re*ëch"o, v. i.

Defn: To give echoes; to return back, or be reverberated, as an echo; to resound; to be resonant. And a loud groan reëchoes from the main. Pope.

REECHO Re*ëch"o, n.

Defn: The echo of an echo; a repeated or second echo.

REECHY Reech"y (rch"), a. Etym: [See Reeky.]

Defn: Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with dirt. [Obs.]

REED Reed (rd), a.

Defn: Red. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REED Reed, v. & n.

Defn: Same as Rede. [Obs.] Chaucer.

REED Reed, n.

Defn: The fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]

REED Reed, n. Etym: [AS. hre; akin to D. riet, G. riet, ried, OHG. kriot, riot.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to many tall and coarse grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the common reed of Europe and North America (Phragmites communis).

2. A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe. Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed Of Hermes. Milton.

3. An arrow, as made of a reed. Prior.

4. Straw prepared for thatching a roof. [Prov. Eng.]

5. (Mus.) (a) A small piece of cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of certain instruments, and set in vibration by the breath. In the clarinet it is a single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is double, forming a compressed tube. (b) One of the thin pieces of metal, the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon, accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets or registers of pipes in an organ.

6. (Weaving)

Defn: A frame having parallel flat stripe of metal or reed, between which the warp threads pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating up the weft; a sley. See Batten.

7. (Mining)

Defn: A tube containing the train of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.

8. (Arch.)

Defn: Same as Reeding. Egyptian reed (Bot.), the papyrus. -- Free reed (Mus.), a reed whose edges do not overlap the wind passage, -- used in the harmonium, concertina, etc. It is distinguished from the beating or striking reed of the organ and clarinet. -- Meadow reed grass (Bot.), the Glyceria aquatica, a tall grass found in wet places. -- Reed babbler. See Reedbird. -- Reed bunting (Zoöl.) A European sparrow (Emberiza schoeniclus) which frequents marshy places; -- called also reed sparrow, ring bunting. (b) Reedling. -- Reed canary grass (Bot.), a tall wild grass (Phalaris arundinacea). -- Reed grass. (Bot.) (a) The common reed. See Reed, 1. (b) A plant of the genus Sparganium; bur reed. See under Bur. -- Reed organ (Mus.), an organ in which the wind acts on a set of free reeds, as the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc. -- Reed pipe (Mus.), a pipe of an organ furnished with a reed. -- Reed sparrow. (Zoöl.) See Reed bunting, above. -- Reed stop (Mus.), a set of pipes in an organ furnished with reeds. -- Reed warbler. (Zoöl.) (a) A small European warbler (Acrocephalus streperus); -- called also reed wren. (b) Any one of several species of Indian and Australian warblers of the genera Acrocephalus, Calamoherpe, and Arundinax. They are excellent singers. -- Sea-sand reed (Bot.), a kind of coarse grass (Ammophila arundinacea). See Beach grass, under Beach. -- Wood reed grass (Bot.), a tall, elegant grass (Cinna arundinacea), common in moist woods.

REEDBIRD Reed"bird` (rd"brd`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The bobolink. (b) One of several small Asiatic singing birds of the genera Schoenicola and Eurycercus; -- called also reed babbler.

REEDBUCK Reed"buck" (-bk`), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Rietboc.

REEDED Reed"ed, a.

1. Civered with reeds; reedy. Tusser.

2. Formed with channels and ridges like reeds.

REEDEN Reed"en (rd"'n), a.

Defn: Consisting of a reed or reeds. Through reeden pipes convey the golden flood. Dryden.

REEDIFICATION Re*ëd`i*fi*ca"tion (r*d`*f*k"shn), n. Etym: [Cf. F. ré\'82dification. See Reëdify.]

Defn: The act reëdifying; the state of being reëdified.

REEDIFY Re*ëd"i*fy (r*d"*ff), v. t. Etym: [Pref. re- + edify: cf. F. ré\'82difier, L. reaedificare.]

Defn: To edify anew; to build again after destruction. [R.] Milton.

REEDING Reed"ing (rd"ng), n. Etym: [From 4th Reed.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A small convex molding; a reed (see Illust. (i) of Molding); one of several set close together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the reverse of fluting.

Note: Several reedings are often placed together, parallel to each other, either projecting from, or inserted into, the adjining surface. The decoration so produced is then called, in general, reeding.

2. The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly called milling.

REEDLESS Reed"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of reeds; as, reedless banks.

REEDLING Reed"ling (-lng), n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bearded titmouse (Panurus biarmicus); -- called also reed bunting, bearded pinnock, and lesser butcher bird.

Note: It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and yellow on the wings. The male has a tuft of black feathers on each side of the face.

REED-MACE Reed"-mace` (-ms`), n. (Bot.)

Defn: The cat-tail.

REEDWORK Reed"work` (-wrk`), n. (Mus.)

Defn: A collective name for the reed stops of an organ.

REEDY Reed"y (-), a.

1. Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds. "A reedy pool." Thomson .

2. Having the quality of reed in tone, that is,

REEF Reef (rf), n. Etym: [Akin to D. rif, G. riff, Icel. rif, Dan. rev; cf. Icel. rifa rift, rent, fissure, rifa to rive, bear. Cf. Rift, Rive.]

1. A chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water. See Coral reefs, under Coral.

2. (Mining.)

Defn: A large vein of auriferous quartz; -- so called in Australia. Hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore. Reef builder (Zoöl.), any stony coral which contributes material to the formation of coral reefs. -- Reef heron (Zoöl.), any heron of the genus Demigretta; as, the blue reef heron (D.jugularis) of Australia.

REEF Reef, n. Etym: [Akin to D. reef, G. reff, Sw. ref; cf. Icel. rif reef, rifa to basten together. Cf. Reeve, v. t., River.] (Naut.)

Defn: That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.

Note: From the head to the first reef-band, in square sails, is termed the first reef; from this to the next is the second reef; and so on. In fore-and-aft sails, which reef on the foot, the first reef is the lowest part. Totten. Close reef, the last reef that can be put in. -- Reef band. See Reef-band in the Vocabulary. -- Reef knot, the knot which is used in tying reef pointss. See Illust. under Knot. -- Reef line, a small rope formerly used to reef the courses by being passed spirally round the yard and through the holes of the reef. Totten. -- Reef pioints, pieces of small rope passing through the eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the sail. -- Reef tackle, a tackle by which the reef cringles, or rings, of a sail are hauled up to the yard for reefing. Totten. -- To take a reef in, to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or rolling up a reef, and lashing it to the spar.

REEF Reef, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reefed (reft); p. pr. & vb. n. Reefing.] (Naut.)

Defn: To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or spar. Totten. To reef the paddles, to move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply.

REEF-BAND Reef"-band` (rf"bnd`), n. (Naut.)

Defn: A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are made. Totten.

REEFER Reef"er (-r), n.

1. (Naut.)

Defn: One who reefs; -- a name often given to midshipmen. Marryat.

2. A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth.

REEFING Reef"ing, n. (Naut.)