Chapter X: Rays; X-Rays (1)

X rays, or X"-rays`, n. pl.

Defn: The Röntgen rays; -- so called by their discoverer because of their enigmatical character.

X-RAY TUBE X"-ray" tube. (Physics)

Defn: A vacuum tube suitable for producing Röntgen rays.

XYLAMIDE Xy*lam"ide, n. Etym: [Xylic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid amide derivative of xylic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

XYLAN Xy"lan, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A gummy substance of the pentosan class, present in woody tissue, and yielding xylose on hydrolysis; wood gum.

XYLANTHRAX Xy*lan"thrax, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood +

Defn: Wood coal, or charcoal; -- so called in distinction from mineral coal.

XYLATE Xy"late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of xylic acid.

XYLEM Xy"lem, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Bot.)

Defn: That portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or will develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from phloëm.

XYLENE Xy"lene, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any of a group of three metameric hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, found in coal and wood tar, and so named because found in crude wood spirit. They are colorless, oily, inflammable liquids, C6H4.(CH3)2, being dimethyl benzenes, and are called respectively orthoxylene, metaxylene, and paraxylene. Called also xylol.

Note: Each of these xylenes is the nucleus and prototype of a distinct series of compounds.

XYLENOL Xy"le*nol, n. Etym: [Xylene + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of six metameric phenol derivatives of xylene, obtained as crystalline substances, (CH3)2.C6H3.OH.

XYLETIC Xy*let"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid related to mesitylenic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance by the action of sodium and carbon dioxide on crude xylenol.

XYLIC Xy"lic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or related to, xylene; specifically, designating any one of several metameric acids produced by the partial oxidation of mesitylene and pseudo-cumene.

XYLIDIC Xy*lid"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, either one of two distinct acids which are derived from xylic acid and related compounds, and are metameric with uvitic acid.

XYLIDINE Xy"li*dine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of six metameric hydrocarbons, (CH3)2.C6H3.NH2, resembling aniline, and related to xylene. They are liquids, or easily fusible crystalline substances, of which three are derived from metaxylene, two from orthoxylene, and one from paraxylene. They are called the amido xylenes.

Note: The xylidine of commerce, used in making certain dyes, consists chiefly of the derivatives of paraxylene and metaxylene.

XYLINDEIN Xy*lin"de*in, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A green or blue pigment produced by Peziza in certain kinds of decayed wood, as the beech, oak, birch, etc., and extracted as an amorphous powder resembling indigo.

XYLITE Xy"lite, n. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid hydrocarbon found in crude wood spirits.

XYLITONE Xy"li*tone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow oil having a geraniumlike odor, produced as a side product in making phorone; -- called also xylite oil.

XYLO- Xy"lo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. xy`lon wood; as in xylogen, xylograph.

XYLOBALSAMUM Xy`lo*bal"sa*mum, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + xylobalsamum balsam wood, Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The dried twigs of a Syrian tree (Balsamodendron Gileadense). U. S. Disp.

XYLOCARPOUS Xy`lo*car"pous, a. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: Bearing fruit which becomes hard or woody.

XYLOCOPA Xy*loc"o*pa, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hymenopterous insects including the carpenter. See Carpenter bee, under Carpenter. -- Xy*loc"o*pine, a.

XYLOGEN Xy"lo*gen, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -gen.] (a) (Bot.) Nascent wood; wood cells in a forming state. (b) Lignin.

XYLOGRAPH Xy"lo*graph, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -graph.]

Defn: An engraving on wood, or the impression from such an engraving; a print by xylography.

XYLOGRAPHER Xy*log"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who practices xylography.

XYLOGRAPHIC; XYLOGRAPHICAL Xy`lo*graph"ic, Xy`lo*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. xylographique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving.

XYLOGRAPHY Xy*log"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -graphy: cf. F. xylographie.]

1. The art of engraving on wood.

2. The art of making prints from the natural grain of wood. Knight.

3. A method pf printing in colors upon wood for purposes of house decoration. Ure.

XYLOID Xy"loid, a. Etym: [Xylo- + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling wood; having the nature of wood.

XYLOIDIN Xy*loid"in, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -oid.] (Chem.)

Defn: A substance resembling pyroxylin, obtained by the action of nitric acid on starch; -- called also nitramidin.

XYLOL Xy"lol, n. Etym: [Xylo- + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Xylene.

XYLOLOGY Xy*lol"o*gy, n. [Pref. xylo-+ -logy.]

Defn: The branch of dendrology treating of the gross and minute structure of wood.

XYLONITE Xy"lon*ite, n.

Defn: See Zylonite.

XYLOPHAGA Xy*loph"a*ga, n. Etym: [NL. See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves which bore holes in wood. They are allied to Pholas.

XYLOPHAGAN Xy*loph"a*gan, n. Etym: [See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of a tribe of beetles whose larvæ bore or live in wood. (b) Any species of Xylophaga. (c) Any one of the Xylophagides.

XYLOPHAGIDES Xy`lo*phag"i*des, n. pl. Etym: [See Xylophagous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe or family of dipterous flies whose larvæ live in decayed wood. Some of the tropical species are very large.

XYLOPHAGOUS Xy*loph"a*gous, a. Etym: [Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.) (a) Eating, boring in, or destroying, wood; -- said especially of certain insect larvæ, crustaceans, and mollusks. (b) Of or pertaining to the genus Xylophaga.

XYLOPHILAN Xy*loph"i*lan, n. Etym: [See Xylophilous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a tribe of beetles (Xylophili) whose larvæ live on decayed wood.

XYLOPHILOUS Xy*loph"i*lous, a. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. filei^n to love.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the xylophilans.

XYLOPHONE Xy"lo*phone, n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. fwnh` sound.]

1. (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument common among the Russians, Poles, and Tartars, consisting of a series of strips of wood or glass graduated in length to the musical scale, resting on belts of straw, and struck with two small hammers. Called in Germany strohfiedel, or straw fiddle.

2. An instrument to determine the vibrative properties of different kinds of wood. Knight.

XYLOPLASTIC Xy`lo*plas"tic, a. Etym: [Xylo- + -plastic.] (Technol.)

Defn: Formed of wood pulp by molds; relating to casts made of wood pulp in molds.

XYLOPYROGRAPHY Xy`lo*py*rog"ra*phy. n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. -graphy.]

Defn: The art or practice of burning pictures on wood with a hot iron; -- called also poker painting. See Poker picture, under Poker.

XYLOQUINONE Xy`lo*qui"none, n. Etym: [Xylene + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a group of quinone compounds obtained respectively by the oxidation of certain xylidine compounds. In general they are yellow crystalline substances.

XYLORCIN Xy*lor"cin, n. Etym: [Xylene + orcin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A derivative of xylene obtained as a white crystalline substance which on exposure in the air becomes red; -- called also betaorcin.

XYLOSE Xy"lose, n. [Pref. xylo- + -ose.] (Chem.)

Defn: An unfermentable sugar of the pentose class, C5H10O5, formed by the hydrolysis of xylan; wood sugar.

XYLOSTEIN Xy*los"te*in, n. Etym: [Xylo- + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside found in the poisonous berries of a species of honeysuckle (Lonicera xylosteum), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance.

XYLOTILE Xy"lo*tile, n.

Defn: Same as Parkesine.

XYLOTOMIST Xy*lot"o*mist, n.

Defn: One versed or engaged in xylotomy.

XYLOTOMOUS Xy*lot"o*mous, a. [Pref. xylo-+ root of Gr. to cut.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Capable of boring or cutting wood; -- said of many insects.

XYLOTOMY Xy*lot"o*my, n. [Pref. xylo-+ -tomy.]

Defn: Art of preparing sections (transverse, tangential, or radial) of wood, esp. by means of a microtome, for microscopic examination.

XYLOTRYA Xy*lo"try*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. xy`lon wood + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of marine bivalves closely allied to Teredo, and equally destructive to timber. One species (Xylotrya fimbriata) is very common on the Atlantic coast of the United States.

XYLYL Xy"lyl, n. Etym: [Xylo- + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric radicals which are characteristic respectively of the three xylenes.

XYLYLENE Xy"lyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of three metameric radicals, CH2.C6H4.CH2, derived respectively from the three xylenes. Often used adjectively; as, xylylene alcohol.

XYRIDACEOUS Xyr`i*da"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a natural order (Xyrideæ) of endogenous plants, of which Xyris is the type.

XYRIS Xy"ris, n. Etym: [L., a kind of Iris, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of endogenous herbs with grassy leaves and small yellow flowers in short, scaly-bracted spikes; yellow-eyed grass. There are about seventeen species in the Atlantic United States.

XYST; XYSTUS Xyst, Xys"tus, n. Etym: [L. xystus, Gr. (Anc. Arch.)

Defn: A long and open portico, for athletic exercises, as wrestling, running, etc., for use in winter or in stormy weather.

XYSTARCH Xyst"arch, n. Etym: [L. xystarches, Gr. (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An office Dr. W. Smith.

XYSTER Xys"ter, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: An instrument for scraping bone.

Y

Defn: Y, the twenty-fifth letter of the English alphabet, at the beginning of a word or syllable, except when a prefix (see Y-), is usually a fricative vocal consonant; as a prefix, and usually in the middle or at the end of a syllable, it is a vowel. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 145, 178-9, 272.

Note: It derives its form from the Latin Y, which is from the Greek u, i, o, and j. g; as in full, fill, AS. fyllan; E. crypt, grotto; young, juvenile; day, AS. dæg. See U, I, and J, G.

Note: Y has been called the Pythagorean letter, because the Greek letter

Y Y, n.; pl. Y's ( or Ys.

Defn: Something shaped like the letter Y; a forked piece resembling in form the letter Y. Specifically: (a) One of the forked holders for supporting the telescope of a leveling instrument, or the axis of a theodolite; a wye. (b) A forked or bifurcated pipe fitting. (c) (Railroads) A portion of track consisting of two diverging tracks connected by a cross track. Y level (Surv.), an instrument for measuring differences of level by means of a telescope resting in Y's. -- Y moth (Zoöl.), a handsome European noctuid moth Plusia gamma) which has a bright, silvery mark, shaped like the letter Y, on each of the fore wings. Its larva, which is green with five dorsal white species, feeds on the cabbage, turnip, bean, etc. Called also gamma moth, and silver Y.

Y Y, pron.

Defn: I. [Obs.] King Horn. Wyclif.

Y-; I- Y-, or I-. Etym: [OE. y-, i-, AS. ge-, akin to D. & G. ge-, OHG. gi-, ga-, Goth. ga-, and perhaps to Latin con-; originally meaning, together. Cf. Com-, Aware, Enough, Handiwork, Ywis.]

Defn: A prefix of obscure meaning, originally used with verbs, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, and pronouns. In the Middle English period, it was little employed except with verbs, being chiefly used with past participles, though occasionally with the infinitive Ycleped, or yclept, is perhaps the only word not entirely obsolete which shows this use. That no wight mighte it see neither yheere. Chaucer. Neither to ben yburied nor ybrent. Chaucer.

Note: Some examples of Chaucer's use of this prefix are; ibe, ibeen, icaught, ycome, ydo, idoon, ygo, iproved, ywrought. It inough, enough, it is combined with an adjective. Other examples are in the Vocabulary. Spenser and later writers frequently employed this prefix when affecting an archaic style, and sometimes used it incorrectly.

YA Ya, adv.

Defn: Yea. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YACARE Yac"a*re`, n. Etym: [See Jacare.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American crocodilian (Jacare sclerops) resembling the alligator in size and habits. The eye orbits are connected together, and surrounded by prominent bony ridges. Called also spectacled alligator, and spectacled cayman. [Written also jacare.]

Note: The name is also applied to allied species.

YACCA Yac"ca, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A West Indian name for two large timber trees (Podocarpus coriaceus, and P. Purdicanus) of the Yew family. The wood, which is much used, is pale brownish with darker streaks.

YACHT Yacht, n. Etym: [D. jagt, jacht; perhaps properly, a jagen to chase, hunt, akin to G. jagen, OHG. jag, of uncertain origin; or perhaps akin to OHG. gahi quick, sudden (cf. Gay).] (Naut.)

Defn: A light and elegantly furnished vessel, used either for private parties of pleasure, or as a vessel of state to convey distinguished persons from one place to another; a seagoing vessel used only for pleasure trips, racing, etc. Yacht measurement. See the Note under Tonnage, 4.

YACHT Yacht, v. i.

Defn: To manage a yacht; to voyage in a yacht.

YACHTER Yacht"er, n.

Defn: One engaged in sailing a jacht.

YACHTING Yacht"ing, n.

Defn: Sailing for pleasure in a yacht.

YACHTMAN Yacht"man, n.

Defn: See Yachtsman.

YACHTSMAN Yachts"man, n.; pl. Yachtsmen (.

Defn: One who owns or sails a yacht; a yachter.

YAF Yaf, obs. imp. of Give. Etym: [AS. geaf, imp. of giefan to give. See Give]

Defn: Gave. See Give. Chaucer.

YAFFINGALE Yaf"fin*gale, n. Etym: [See Yaffle, and cf. Nightingale.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yaffle. [Prov. Eng.]

YAFFLE Yaf"fle, n. Etym: [Probably imitative of its call or cry.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European green woodpecker (Picus, or Genius, viridis). It is noted for its loud laughlike note. Called also eccle, hewhole, highhoe, laughing bird, popinjay, rain bird, yaffil, yaffler, yaffingale, yappingale, yackel, and woodhack.

YAGER Ya"ger, n. Etym: [G. jäger a hunter, from jagen to chase, hunt.] (Mil.)

Defn: In the German army, one belonging to a body of light infantry armed with rifles, resembling the chasseur of the French army. [Written also jager.]

YAGUARUNDI Ya`gua*run"di, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Jaguarondi. [Written also yaguarondi, and yagouarondi.]

YAHOO Ya"hoo, n.

1. One of a race of filthy brutes in Swift's "Gulliver's Travels." See in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.

2. Hence, any brutish or vicious character.

3. A raw countryman; a lout; a greenhorn. [U. S.]

YAHWEH; YAHWE; JAHVEH; JAHVE Yah"weh, Yah"we, n. Also Jah"veh, Jah"ve, etc.

Defn: A modern transliteration of the Hebrew word translated Jehovah in the Bible; -- used by some critics to discriminate the tribal god of the ancient Hebrews from the Christian Jehovah. Yahweh or Yahwe is the spelling now generally adopted by scholars.

YAHWISM; JAHVISM Yah"wism, n. Also Jah"vism.

1. The religion or worship of Yahweh (Jehovah), or the system of doctrines, etc., connected with it.

2. Use of Yahweh as a name of God.

YAHWIST; JAHVIST; JAHWIST; JEHOVIST Yah"wist, n. Also Jah"vist, Jah"wist, older Je*ho"vist.

Defn: The author of the passages of the Old Testament, esp. those of the Hexateuch, in which God is styled Yahweh, or Jehovah; the author of the Yahwistic, or Jehovistic, Prophetic Document (J); also, the document itself.

YAJUR-VEDA Yaj"ur-Ve"da, n. Etym: [Skr. yajur-v.]

Defn: See Veda.

YAK Yak, n. Etym: [Thibetan gyag.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bovine mammal (Poëphagus grunnies) native of the high plains of Central Asia. Its neck, the outer side of its legs, and its flanks, are covered with long, flowing, fine hair. Its tail is long and bushy, often white, and is valued as an ornament and for other purposes in India and China. There are several domesticated varieties, some of which lack the mane and the long hair on the flanks. Called also chauri gua, grunting cow, grunting ox, sarlac, sarlik, and sarluc. Yak lace, a coarse pillow lace made from the silky hair of the yak.

YAKAMILK Yak"a*milk, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Trumpeter, 3 (a).

YAKARE Yak"a*re`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Yacare.

YAKIN Ya"kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large Asiatic antelope (Budorcas taxicolor) native of the higher parts of the Himalayas and other lofty mountains. Its head and neck resemble those of the ox, and its tail is like that of the goat. Called also budorcas.

YAKOOTS Ya*koots", n. pl.; sing. Yakoot (.

Defn: (Ethnol.) A nomadic Mongolian tribe native of Northern Siberia, and supposed to be of Turkish stock. They are mainly pastoral in their habits. [Written also Yakuts.]

YAKSHA Yak"sha, n. Etym: [Skr.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: A kind of demigod attendant on Kuvera, the god of wealth.

YAKUT Ya*kut", n.

Defn: The Turkish language of the Yakuts, a Mongolian people of northeastern Siberia, which is lingua franca over much of eastern Siberia.

YALAH Ya"lah, n.

Defn: The oil of the mahwa tree.

YAM Yam, n. Etym: [Pg. inhame, probably from some native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large, esculent, farinaceous tuber of various climbing plants of the genus Dioscorea; also, the plants themselves. Mostly natives of warm climates. The plants have netted-veined, petioled leaves, and pods with three broad wings. The commonest species is D. sativa, but several others are cultivated. Chinese yam, a plant (Dioscorea Batatas) with a long and slender tuber, hardier than most of the other species. -- Wild yam. (a) A common plant (Dioscorea villosa) of the Eastern United States, having a hard and knotty rootstock. (b) An orchidaceous plant (Gastrodia sesamoides) of Australia and Tasmania.

YAMA Ya"ma, n. Etym: [Skr. yama a twin.] (Hindoo Myth.)

Defn: The king of the infernal regions, corresponding to the Greek Pluto, and also the judge of departed souls. In later times he is more exclusively considered the dire judge of all, and the tormentor of the wicked. He is represented as of a green color, with red garments, having a crown on his head, his eyes inflamed, and sitting on a buffalo, with a club and noose in his hands.

YAMEN Ya"men, n. [Chin. ya a civil or military court + men a gate.]

Defn: In China, the official headquarters or residence of a mandarin, including court rooms, offices, gardens, prisons, etc.; the place where the business of any public department is transcated.

YAMMA Yam"ma, n. Etym: [See Llama.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The llama.

YAMP Yamp, n. (Bot.)

Defn: An umbelliferous plant (Carum Gairdneri); also, its small fleshy roots, which are eaten by the Indians from Idaho to California.

YANG Yang, n. Etym: [Of imitative origin.]

Defn: The cry of the wild goose; a honk.

YANG Yang, v. i.

Defn: To make the cry of the wild goose.

YANK Yank, n. Etym: [Cf. Scot. yank a sudden and severe blow.]

Defn: A jerk or twitch. [Colloq. U. S.]

YANK Yank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Yanking.]

Defn: To twitch; to jerk. [Colloq. U. S.]

YANK Yank, n.

Defn: An abbreviation of Yankee. [Slang]

YANKEE Yan"kee, n. Etym: [Commonly considered to be a corrupt pronunciation of the word English, or of the French word Anglais, by the native Indians of America. According to Thierry, a corruption of Jankin, a diminutive of John, and a nickname given to the English colonists of Connecticut by the Dutch settlers of New York. Dr. W. Gordon ("Hist. of the Amer. War," ed, 1789, vol. i., pp. 324, 325) says it was a favorite cant word in Cambridge, Mass., as early as 1713, and that it meant excellent; as, a yankee good horse, yankee good cider, etc. Cf. Scot yankie a sharp, clever, and rather bold woman, and Prov. E. bow- yankees a kind of leggins worn by agricultural laborers.]

Defn: A nickname for a native of citizen of New England, especially one descended from old New England stock; by extension, an inhabitant of the Northern States as distinguished from a Southerner; also, applied sometimes by foreigners to any inhabitant of the United States. From meanness first this Portsmouth Yankey rose, And still to meanness all his conduct flows. Oppression, A poem by an American (Boston, 1765).

YANKEE Yan"kee, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a Yankee; characteristic of the Yankees. The alertness of the Yankee aspect. Hawthorne. Yankee clover. (Bot.) See Japan clover, under Japan.

YANKEE-DOODLE Yan`kee-Doo"dle, n.

1. The name of a tune adopted popularly as one of the national airs of the United States.

2. Humorously, a Yankee. We might have withheld our political noodles From knocking their heads against hot Yankee-Doodles. Moore.

YANKEEISM Yan"kee*ism, n.

Defn: A Yankee idiom, word, custom, or the like. Lowell.

YAOURT Yaourt, n. Etym: [Turk. yoghurt.]

Defn: A fermented drink, or milk beer, made by the Turks.

YAP Yap, v. i. Etym: [Icel. gjalpa; akin to yelp. Cf. Yaup.]

Defn: To bark; to yelp. L'Estrange.

YAP Yap, n.

Defn: A bark; a yelp.

YAPOCK Ya"pock, n. Etym: [Probably from the river Oyapok, between French Guiana and Brazil.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American aquatic opossum (Chironectes variegatus) found in Guiana and Brazil. Its hind feet are webbed, and its fore feet do not have an opposable thumb for climbing. Called also water opossum. [Written also yapack.]

YAPON Ya"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Yaupon.

YARAGE Yar"age (; 48), n. Etym: [See Yare, a.] (Naut.)

Defn: The power of moving, or being managed, at sea; -- said with reference to a ship. Sir T. North.

YARD Yard, n. Etym: [OE. yerd, AS. gierd, gyrd, a rod, ierde, OS. gerda, D. garde, G. gerte, OHG. gartia, gerta, gart, Icel. gaddr a goad, sting, Goth. gazds, and probably to L. hasta a spear. Cf. Gad, n., Gird, n., Gride, v. i., Hastate.]

1. A rod; a stick; a staff. [Obs.] P. Plowman. If men smote it with a yerde. Chaucer.

2. A branch; a twig. [Obs.] The bitter frosts with the sleet and rain Destroyed hath the green in every yerd. Chaucer.

3. A long piece of timber, as a rafter, etc. [Obs.]

4. A measure of length, equaling three feet, or thirty-six inches, being the standard of English and American measure.

5. The penis.

6. (Naut.)

Defn: A long piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, tapering toward the ends, and designed to support and extend a square sail. A yard is usually hung by the center to the mast. See Illust. of Ship. Golden Yard, or Yard and Ell (Astron.), a popular name the three stars in the belt of Orion. -- Under yard [i. e., under the rod], under contract. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YARD Yard, n. Etym: [OE. yard, yerd, AS. geard; akin to OFries. garda garden, OS. gardo garden, gard yard, D. gaard garden, G. garten, OHG. garto garden, gari inclosure, Icel. gar yard, house, Sw. gård, Dan. g, Goth. gards a house, garda sheepfold, L. hortus garden, Gr. Court, Garden, Garth, Horticulture, Orchard.]

1. An inclosure; usually, a small inclosed place in front of, or around, a house or barn; as, a courtyard; a cowyard; a barnyard. A yard . . . inclosed all about with sticks In which she had a cock, hight chanticleer. Chaucer.

2. An inclosure within which any work or business is carried on; as, a dockyard; a shipyard. Liberty of the yard, a liberty, granted to persons imprisoned for debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits prescribed by law, on their giving bond not to go beyond those limits. -- Prison yard, an inclosure about a prison, or attached to it. -- Yard grass (Bot.), a low-growing grass (Eleusine Indica) having digitate spikes. It is common in dooryards, and like places, especially in the Southern United States. Called also crab grass. -- Yard of land. See Yardland.

YARD Yard, v. t.

Defn: To confine (cattle) to the yard; to shut up, or keep, in a yard; as, to yard cows.

YARDARM Yard"arm`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Either half of a square-rigged vessel's yard, from the center or mast to the end.

Note: Ships are said to be yardarm and yardarm when so near as to touch, or interlock yards.

YARDFUL Yard"ful, n.; pl. Yardfuls (.

Defn: As much as a yard will contain; enough to fill a yard.

YARDLAND Yard"land`, n. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A measure of land of uncertain quantity, varying from fifteen to forty acres; a virgate. [Obs.]

YARDSTICK Yard"stick`, n.

Defn: A stick three feet, or a yard, in length, used as a measure of cloth, etc.

YARDWAND Yard"wand`, n.

Defn: A yardstick. Tennyson.

YARE Yare, a. Etym: [OE. yare, ýaru, AS. gearu; akin to OS. garu, OHG. garo, G. gar, Icel. gerr perfect, görva quite, G. gerben to tan, to curry, OHG. garawen, garwen, to make ready. Cf. Carouse, Garb clothing, Gear, n.]

Defn: Ready; dexterous; eager; lively; quick to move. [Obs.] "Be yare in thy preparation." Shak. The lesser [ship] will come and go, leave or take, and is yare; whereas the greater is slow. Sir W. Raleigh.

YARE Yare, adv.

Defn: Soon. [Obs.] Cursor Mundi.

YARELY Yare"ly, adv.

Defn: In a yare manner. [Obs.] Shak.

YARK Yark, v. t. & i.

Defn: To yerk. [Prov. Eng.]

YARKE Yar"ke, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Saki.

YARN Yarn, n. Etym: [OE. yarn, ýarn, AS. gearn; akin to D. garen, G., OHG., Icel., Sw., & Dan. garn; of uncertain origin. Cf. Cord.]

1. Spun wool; woolen thread; also, thread of other material, as of cotton, flax, hemp, or silk; material spun and prepared for use in weaving, knitting, manufacturing sewing thread, or the like.

2. (Rope Making)

Defn: One of the threads of which the strands of a rope are composed.

3. A story told by a sailor for the amusement of his companions; a story or tale; as, to spin a yarn. [Colloq.]

YARNEN Yarn"en, a.

Defn: Made of yarn; consisting of yarn. [Obs.] "A pair of yarnen stocks." Turbervile.

YARNUT Yar"nut`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Yernut.

YARR Yarr, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýarren.]

Defn: To growl or snarl as a dog. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

YARRISH Yar"rish, a. Etym: [Prov. E. yar sour, yare brackish.]

Defn: Having a rough, dry taste. [Prov. Eng.]

YARROW Yar"row, n. Etym: [OE. yarowe, yarwe, ýarowe, AS. gearwe; akin to D. gerw, OHG. garwa, garawa, G. garbe, schafgarbe, and perhaps to E. yare.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American and European composite plant (Achillea Millefolium) with very finely dissected leaves and small white corymbed flowers. It has a strong, and somewhat aromatic, odor and taste, and is sometimes used in making beer, or is dried for smoking. Called also milfoil, and nosebleed.

YARWHIP Yar"whip`, n. Etym: [So called from its sharp cry uttered when taking wing.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European bar-tailed godwit; -- called also yardkeep, and yarwhelp. See Godwit. [Prov. Eng.]

YATAGHAN Yat"a*ghan, n. Etym: [Turk. yataghan.]

Defn: A long knife, or short saber, common among Mohammedan nations, usually having a double curve, sometimes nearly straight. [Written also ataghan, attaghan.] Chaucer.

YATE Yate, n.

Defn: A gate. See 1st Gate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Spenser.

YAUD Yaud, n.

Defn: See Yawd. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

YAUL Yaul, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Yawl.

YAULP Yaulp, v. i.

Defn: To yaup.

YAUP Yaup, v. i. Etym: [See Yap, and Yelp.]

Defn: To cry out like a child; to yelp. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.] [Written also yawp.]

YAUP Yaup, n. Etym: [Written also yawp.]

1. A cry of distress, rage, or the like, as the cry of a sickly bird, or of a child in pain. [Scot. & Colloq. U. S.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]

YAUPER Yaup"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, yaups.

YAUPON Yau"pon, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A shrub (Ilex Cassine) of the Holly family, native from Virginia to Florida. The smooth elliptical leaves are used as a substitute for tea, and were formerly used in preparing the black drink of the Indians of North Carolina. Called also South-Sea tea. [Written also yapon, youpon, and yupon.]

YAUTIA Yau*ti"a, n. [Native name in the Antilles.]

Defn: In Porto Rico, any of several araceous plants or their starchy edible roots, which are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes, as the taro.

YAW Yaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Yawing.] Etym: [Cf. Yew, v. i.]

Defn: To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, as cane juice in the clarifiers in sugar works.

YAW Yaw, v. i. & t. Etym: [Cf. Prov. G. gagen to rock, gageln to totter, shake, Norw. gaga to bend backward, Icel. gagr bent back, gaga to throw the neck back.] (Naut.)

Defn: To steer wild, or out of the line of her course; to deviate from her course, as when struck by a heavy sea; -- said of a ship. Just as he would lay the ship's course, all yawing being out of the question. Lowell.

YAW Yaw, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A movement of a vessel by which she temporarily alters her course; a deviation from a straight course in steering.

YAWD Yawd, n. Etym: [Cf. Icel. jalda a mare, E. jade a nag.]

Defn: A jade; an old horse or mare. [Written also yaud.] [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Grose.

YAWI Yawi, n.

Defn: A fore-and-aft-rigged vessel with a mainmast stepped a little farther forward than in a sloop and carrying a mainsail and jibs, with a jigger mast far aft, usually placed abaft the rudder post.

YAWL Yawl, n. Etym: [D. jol; akin to LG. & Dan. jolle, Sw. julle. Cf. Jolly-boat.] (Naut.)

Defn: A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or six oars. [Written also yaul.]

YAWL Yawl, v. i. Etym: [OE. ýaulen, ýoulen, gaulen, goulen, Icel. gaula to low, bellow. Cf. Gowl.]

Defn: To cry out like a dog or cat; to howl; to yell. Tennyson. There howling Scyllas yawling round about. Fairfax.

YAWL-RIGGED Yawl"-rigged", a. (Naut.)

Defn: Having two masts with fore-and-aft sails, but differing from a schooner in that the after mast is very small, and stepped as far aft as possible. See Illustration in Appendix.

YAWN Yawn, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yawned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yawning.] Etym: [OE. yanien, ýanien, ganien, gonien, AS. ganian; akin to ginian to yawn, ginan to yawn, open wide, G. gähnen to yawn, OHG. ginen, geinon, Icel. gina to yawn, gin the mouth, OSlav. zijati to yawn, L. hiare to gape, yawn; and perhaps to E. begin, cf. Gr. b. Cf. Begin, Gin to begin, Hiatus.]

1. To open the mouth involuntarily through drowsiness, dullness, or fatigue; to gape; to oscitate. "The lazy, yawning drone." Shak. And while above he spends his breath, The yawning audience nod beneath. Trumbull.

2. To open wide; to gape, as if to allow the entrance or exit of anything. 't is now the very witching time of night, When churchyards yawn. Shak.

3. To open the mouth, or to gape, through surprise or bewilderment. Shak.

4. To be eager; to desire to swallow anything; to express desire by yawning; as, to yawn for fat livings. "One long, yawning gaze." Landor.

YAWN Yawn, n.

1. An involuntary act, excited by drowsiness, etc., consisting of a deep and long inspiration following several successive attempts at inspiration, the mouth, fauces, etc., being wide open. One person yawning in company will produce a spontaneous yawn in all present. N. Chipman.

2. The act of opening wide, or of gaping. Addison.

3. A chasm, mouth, or passageway. [R.] Now gape the graves, and trough their yawns let loose Imprisoned spirits. Marston.

YAWNINGLY Yawn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a yawning manner.

YAWP Yawp, v. & n.

Defn: See Yaup.

YAWS Yaws, n. Etym: [African yaw a raspberry.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease, occurring in the Antilles and in Africa, characterized by yellowish or reddish tumors, of a contagious character, which, in shape and appearance, often resemble currants, strawberries, or raspberries. There are several varieties of this disease, variously known as framboesia, pian, verrugas, and crab- yaws.

YAW-WEED Yaw"-weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low, shrubby, rubiaceous plant (Morinda Royoc) growing along the seacoast of the West Indies. It has small, white, odorous flowers.

YAZOO FRAUD Yaz"oo Fraud. (U. S. Hist.)

Defn: The grant by the State of Georgia, by Act of Jan. 7, 1795, of 35,000,000 acres of her western territory, for $500,000, to four companies known as the Yazoo Companies from the region granted ; -- commonly so called, the act being known as the Yazoo Frauds Act, because of alleged corruption of the legislature, every member but one being a shareholder in one or more of the companies. The act granting the land was repealed in 1796 by a new legislature, and the repealing provision was incorporated in the State constitution in 1798. In 1802 the territory was ceded to the United States. The claims of the purchasers, whom Georgia had refused to compensate, were sustained by the United States Supreme Court, which (1810) declared the repealing act of 1796 unconstitutional. Congress in 1814 ordered the lands sold and appropriated $5,000,000 to pay the claims.

YBE Y*be", obs. p. p. of Be.

Defn: Been. Chaucer.

YCLEPED Y*cleped", p. p. Etym: [AS. geclipod, p. p. of clipian, cleopian, cliopian, to call. See Clepe, and also the Note under Y-.]

Defn: Called; named; -- obsolete, except in archaic or humorous writings. [Spelt also yclept.] It is full fair to ben yclept madame. Chaucer. But come, thou goddess fair and free. In heaven ycleped Euphrosyne. Milton. Those charming little missives ycleped valentines. Lamb.

Y CURRENT Y current. (Elec.)

Defn: The current through one branch of the star arrangement of a three-phase circuit.

YDO Y*do", obs. p. p. of Do.

Defn: Done. Chaucer.

YDRAD Y*drad", obs. p. p. of Dread.

Defn: Dreaded. Yet nothing did he dread, but ever was ydrad. Spenser.

YE Ye,

Defn: an old method of printing the article the (AS. þe), the "y" being used in place of the Anglo-Saxon thorn. It is sometimes incorrectly pronounced ye. See The, and Thorn, n., 4.

YE Y"ë (e"e), n.; pl. Yën (.

Defn: An eye. [Obs.] From his yën ran the water down. Chaucer.

YE Ye (ye), pron. Etym: [OE. ye, ýe, nom. pl., AS. ge, gi; cf. OS. ge, gi, OFries. gi, i, D. gij, Dan. & Sw. i, Icel. er, OHG. ir, G. ihr, Goth. jus, Lith. jus, Gr. yuyam.

Defn: The plural of the pronoun of the second person in the nominative case. Ye ben to me right welcome heartily. Chaucer. But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified. 1 Cor. vi. 11. This would cost you your life in case ye were a man. Udall.

Note: In Old English ye was used only as a nominative, and you only as a dative or objective. In the 16th century, however, ye and you became confused and were often used interchangeably, both as nominatives and objectives, and you has now superseded ye except in solemn or poetic use. See You, and also the first Note under Thou. Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye. Shak. I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell ye. Dryden.

YE Ye, adv. Etym: [See Yea.]

Defn: Yea; yes. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEA Yea (ya or ye; 277), adv. Etym: [OE. ye, ya, ýe, ýa, AS. geá; akin to OFries. g, i, OS., D., OHG., G., Dan. & Sw. ja, Icel, ja, Goth. ja, jai, and probably to Gr. Yes.]

1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes. Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay. Matt. v. 37.

2. More than this; not only so, but; -- used to mark the addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf. Nay, adv., 2. I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice. Phil. i. 18.

Note: Yea sometimes introduces a clause, with the sense of indeed, verily, truly. "Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden" Gen. iii. 1.

YEA Yea, n.

Defn: An affirmative vote; one who votes in the affirmative; as, a vote by yeas and nays.

Note: In the Scriptures, yea is used as a sign of certainty or stability. "All the promises of God in him are yea, and in him Amen." 2 Cor. i. 20.

YEAD Yead, v. i.

Defn: Properly, a variant of the defective imperfect yode, but sometimes mistaken for a present. See the Note under Yede. [Obs.] Years yead away and faces fair deflower. Drant.

YEAN Yean, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Yeaned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yeaning.] Etym: [AS. eánian, or geeánian; perhaps akin to E. ewe, or perhaps to L. agnus, Gr. Ean.]

Defn: To bring forth young, as a goat or a sheep; to ean. Shak.

YEANLING Yean"ling, n. Etym: [Yean + -ling. Cf. Eanling.]

Defn: A lamb or a kid; an eanling. Shak.

YEAR Year, n. Etym: [OE. yer, yeer, ýer, AS. geár; akin to OFries. i, g, D. jaar, OHG. jar, G. jahr, Icel. ar, Dan. aar, Sw. år, Goth. j, Gr. yare year. sq. root4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.]

1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile). Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. Chaucer.

Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.

2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.

3. pl.

Defn: Age, or old age; as, a man in years. Shak. Anomalistic year, the time of the earth's revolution from perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds. -- A year's mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month's mind, under Month. -- Bissextile year. See Bissextile. -- Canicular year. See under Canicular. -- Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of time. -- Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days. -- Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap year. -- Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of 13 lunar months, or 384 days. -- Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another. -- Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic. -- Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and Julian. -- Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary. -- Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds. -- Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar. -- Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above. -- Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and Sabbatical. -- Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds. -- Tropical year. See under Tropical. -- Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all question. Abbott. -- Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D. or a. d.

YEARA Ye*a"ra, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The California poison oak (Rhus diversiloba). See under Poison, a.

YEARBOOK Year"book`, n.

1. A book published yearly; any annual report or summary of the statistics or facts of a year, designed to be used as a reference book; as, the Congregational Yearbook.

2. (Eng. Law)

Defn: A book containing annual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England.

Note: The Yearbooks are the oldest English reports extant, beginning with the reign of Edward II., and ending with the reign of Henry VIII. They were published annually, and derive their name from that fact. They consist of eleven parts, or volumes, are written in Law French, and extend over nearly two hundred years. There are, however, several hiatuses, or chasms, in the series. Kent. Bouvier.

YEARED Yeared, a.

Defn: Containing years; having existed or continued many years; aged. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

YEARLING Year"ling, n. Etym: [Year + -ling.]

Defn: An animal one year old, or in the second year of its age; -- applied chiefly to cattle, sheep, and horses.

YEARLING Year"ling, a.

Defn: Being a year old. "A yearling bullock to thy name small smoke." Pope.

YEARLY Year"ly, a. Etym: [AS. geárlic.]

1. Happening, accruing, or coming every year; annual; as, a yearly income; a yearly feast.

2. Lasting a year; as, a yearly plant.

3. Accomplished in a year; as, the yearly circuit, or revolution, of the earth. Shak.

YEARLY Year"ly, adv. Etym: [AS. geárlice.]

Defn: Annually; once a year to year; as, blessings yearly bestowed. Yearly will I do this rite. Shak.

YEARN Yearn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yearned; p. pr. & vb. n. Yearning.] Etym: [Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms. The y- in English is perhaps due to the AS. ge (see Y-).]

Defn: To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Obs.] "She laments, sir, for it, that it would yearn your heart to see it." Shak. It yearns me not if men my garments wear. Shak.

YEARN Yearn, v. i.

Defn: To be pained or distressed; to grieve; to mourn. [Obs.] "Falstaff he is dead, and we must yearn therefore." Shak.

YEARN Yearn, v. i. & t. Etym: [See Yearnings.]

Defn: To curdle, as milk. [Scot.]

YEARN Yearn, v. i. Etym: [OE. yernen, , , AS. geornian, gyrnan, fr. georn desirous, eager; akin to OS. gern desirous, girnean, gernean, to desire, D. gaarne gladly, willingly, G. gern, OHG. gerno, adv., gern, a., G. gier greed, OHG. giri greed, ger desirous, ger to desire, G. begehren, Icel. girna to desire, gjarn eager, Goth. faíhugaírns covetous, gaírnjan to desire, and perhaps to Gr. hary to desire, to like.

Defn: To be filled with longing desire; to be harassed or rendered uneasy with longing, or feeling the want of a thing; to strain with emotions of affection or tenderness; to long; to be eager. Joseph made haste; for his bowels did yearn upon his brother; and he sought where to weep. Gen. xliii. 30. Your mother's heart yearns towards you. Addison.

YEARNFUL Yearn"ful, a. Etym: [OE. , AS. geornfull.]

Defn: Desirous. [Obs.] Ormulum. P. Fletcher.

YEARNINGLY Yearn"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With yearning.

YEARNINGS Yearn"ings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. AS. geirnan, geyrnan, to rum. See 4th Earn.]

Defn: The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used a rennet for curdling milk. [Scot.]

YEAR'S PURCHASE Year's purchase.

Defn: The amount that is yielded by the annual income of property; -- used in expressing the value of a thing in the number of years required for its income to yield its purchase price, in reckoning the amount to be paid for annuities, etc.

YEARTH Yearth, n.

Defn: The earth. [Obs.] "Is my son dead or hurt or on the yerthe felled" Ld. Berners.

YEAST Yeast, n. Etym: [OE. ýeest, ýest, AS. gist; akin to D. gest, gist, G. gischt, gäscht, OHG. jesan, jerian, to ferment, G. gischen, gäschen, gähren, Gr. zei^n to boil, Skr. yas. sq. root111.]

1. The foam, or troth (top yeast), or the sediment (bottom yeast), of beer or other in fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its spores, and under certain conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm; ferment.

2. Spume, or foam, of water. They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar Alike the Armada's pride, or spoils of Trafalgar. Byron.

Defn: A form of fungus which grows as indvidual rounded cells, rather than in a mycelium, and reproduces by budding; esp. members of the orders Endomycetales and Moniliales. Some fungi may grow both as a yeast or as a mycelium, depending on the conditions of growth. Yeast cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently transportable substitute for yeast. -- Yeast plant (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of an inch in diameter, often united into filaments which reproduce by budding, and under certain circumstances by the formation of spores. The name is extended to other ferments of the same genus. See Saccharomyces. -- Yeast powder, a baling powder, -- used instead of yeast in leavening bread.

YEAST-BITTEN Yeast"-bit`ten, a. (Brewing)

Defn: A term used of beer when the froth of the yeast has reëntered the body of the beer.

YEASTINESS Yeast"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy.

YEASTY Yeast"y, a.

Defn: Frothy; foamy; spumy, like yeast.

YEDDING Yed"ding, n. Etym: [AS. geddung, gidding, giedding, from gieddian, giddian, to sing, speak.]

Defn: The song of a minstrel; hence, any song. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YEDE Yede, obs. imp.

Defn: Went. See Yode. All as he bade fulfilled was indeed This ilke servant anon right out yede. Chaucer.

Note: Spenser and some later writers mistook this for a present of the defective imperfect yode. It is, however, only a variant of yode. See Yode, and cf. Yead. [He] on foot was forced for to yeed. Spenser

YEEL Yeel, n.

Defn: An eel. [Obs.] Holland.

YELDHALL Yeld"hall`, n.

Defn: Guildhall. [Obs.] Chaucer.

YELDRIN; YELDRINE Yel"drin or; Yel"drine, n. Etym: [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The yellow-hammer; -- called also yeldrock, and yoldrin. [Prov. Eng.]

YELK Yelk, n.

Defn: Same as Yolk.

YELL Yell, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Yelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Yelling.] Etym: [OE. yellen, , AS. giellan, gillan, gyllan; akin to D. gillen, OHG. gellan, G. gellen, Icel. gjalla, Sw. gälla to ring, resound, and to AS., OS., & OHG. galan to sing, Icel. gala. Cf. 1st Gale, and Nightingale.]

Defn: To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror. They yelleden as feendes doon in helle. Chaucer. Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells. Spenser. Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round Environed thee; some howled, some yelled. Milton.

YELL Yell, v. t.

Defn: To utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone. Shak.

YELL Yell, n.

Defn: A sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Their hideous yells Rend the dark welkin. J. Philips.

YELLOW Yel"low, a. [Compar. Yellower; superl. Yellowest.] Etym: [OE. yelow, yelwe, ýelow, ýeoluw, from AS. geolu; akin to D. geel, OS. & OHG. gelo, G. gelb, Icel. gulr, Sw. gul, Dan. guul, L. helvus light bay, Gr. hari tawny, yellowish. Chlorine, Gall a bitter liquid, Gold, Yolk.]

Defn: Being of a bright saffronlike color; of the color of gold or brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is between the orange and the green. Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a tress. Chaucer. A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf. Milton. The line of yellow light dies fast away. Keble. Yellow atrophy (Med.), a fatal affection of the liver, in which it undergoes fatty degeneration, and becomes rapidly smaller and of a deep yellow tinge. The marked symptoms are black vomit, delirium, convulsions, coma, and jaundice. -- Yellow bark, calisaya bark. -- Yellow bass (Zoöl.), a North American fresh-water bass (Morone interrupta) native of the lower parts of the Mississippi and its tributaries. It is yellow, with several more or less broken black stripes or bars. Called also barfish. -- Yellow berry. (Bot.) Same as Persian berry, under Persian. -- Yellow boy, a gold coin, as a guinea. [Slang] Arbuthnot. -- Yellow brier. (Bot.) See under Brier. -- Yellow bugle (Bot.), a European labiate plant (Ajuga Chamæpitys). -- Yellow bunting (Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer. -- Yellow cat (Zoöl.), a yellow catfish; especially, the bashaw. -- Yellow copperas (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of iron; -- called also copiapite. -- Yellow copper ore, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper pyrites. See Chalcopyrite. -- Yellow cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant (Barbarea præcox), sometimes grown as a salad plant. -- Yellow dock. (Bot.) See the Note under Dock. -- Yellow earth, a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes used as a yellow pigment. -- Yellow fever (Med.), a malignant, contagious, febrile disease of warm climates, attended with jaundice, producing a yellow color of the skin, and with the black vomit. See Black vomit, in the Vocabulary. -- Yellow flag, the quarantine flag. See under Quarantine, and 3d Flag. -- Yellow jack. (a) The yellow fever. See under 2d Jack. (b) The quarantine flag. See under Quarantine. -- Yellow jacket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American social wasps of the genus Vespa, in which the color of the body is partly bright yellow. These wasps are noted for their irritability, and for their painful stings. -- Yellow lead ore (Min.), wulfenite. -- Yellow lemur (Zoöl.), the kinkajou. -- Yellow macauco (Zoöl.), the kinkajou. -- Yellow mackerel (Zoöl.), the jurel. -- Yellow metal. Same as Muntz metal, under Metal. -- Yellow ocher (Min.), an impure, earthy variety of brown iron ore, which is used as a pigment. -- Yellow oxeye (Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant (Chrysanthemum segetum) closely related to the oxeye daisy. -- Yellow perch (Zoöl.), the common American perch. See Perch. -- Yellow pike (Zoöl.), the wall-eye. -- Yellow pine (Bot.), any of several kinds of pine; also, their yellowish and generally durable timber. Among the most common are valuable species are Pinus mitis and P. palustris of the Eastern and Southern States, and P. ponderosa and P. Arizonica of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific States. -- Yellow plover (Zoöl.), the golden plover. -- Yellow precipitate (Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which is thrown down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. -- Yellow puccoon. (Bot.) Same as Orangeroot. -- Yellow rail (Zoöl.), a small American rail (Porzana Noveboracensis) in which the lower parts are dull yellow, darkest on the breast. The back is streaked with brownish yellow and with black, and spotted with white. Called also yellow crake. -- Yellow rattle, Yellow rocket. (Bot.) See under Rattle, and Rocket. -- Yellow Sally (Zoöl.), a greenish or yellowish European stone fly of the genus Chloroperla; -- so called by anglers. -- Yellow sculpin (Zoöl.), the dragonet. -- Yellow snake (Zoöl.), a West Indian boa (Chilobothrus inornatus) common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to ten long. The body is yellowish or yellowish green, mixed with black, and anteriorly with black lines. -- Yellow spot. (a) (Anat.) A small yellowish spot with a central pit, the fovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision is most accurate. See Eye. (b) (Zoöl.) A small American butterfly (Polites Peckius) of the Skipper family. Its wings are brownish, with a large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of the hind wings, most conspicuous beneath. Called also Peck's skipper. See Illust. under Skipper, n., 5. -- Yellow tit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of crested titmice of the genus Machlolophus, native of India. The predominating colors of the plumage are yellow and green. -- Yellow viper (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance. -- Yellow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica in which the predominant color is yellow, especially D. æstiva, which is a very abundant and familiar species; -- called also garden warbler, golden warbler, summer yellowbird, summer warbler, and yellow-poll warbler. -- Yellow wash (Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in water, -- a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. -- Yellow wren (Zoöl.) (a) The European willow warbler. (b) The European wood warbler.

YELLOW Yel"low, n.

1. A bright golden color, reflecting more light than any other except white; the color of that part of the spectrum which is between the orange and green. "A long motley coat guarded with yellow." Shak.

2. A yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow, Chrome yellow, Indigo yellow, King's yellow, etc. See under Cadmium, Chrome, etc. -- Naples yellow, a yellow amorphous pigment, used in oil, porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic lead metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic lead nitrate, and common salt. -- Patent yellow (Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting essentially of a lead oxychloride; -- called also Turner's yellow.

YELLOW Yel"low, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Yellowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Yellowing.]

Defn: To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to dye yellow.

YELLOW Yel"low, v. i.

Defn: To become yellow or yellower.

YELLOWAMMER Yel"low*am`mer, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Yellow-hammer.

YELLOWBILL Yel"low*bill`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The American scoter.

YELLOWBIRD Yel"low*bird`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The American goldfinch, or thistle bird. See Goldfinch. (b) The common yellow warbler; -- called also summer yellowbird. See Illust. of Yellow warbler, under Yellow, a.

YELLOW BOOK Yellow Book. [F. livre jaune.]

Defn: In France, an official government publication bound in yellow covers.

YELLOW-COVERED Yel"low-cov`ered, a.

Defn: Covered or bound in yellow paper. Yellow-covered literature, cheap sensational novels and trashy magazines; -- formerly so called from the usual color of their covers. [Colloq. U. S.] Bartlett.

YELLOW-EYED Yel"low-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having yellow eyes. Yellow-eyed grass (Bot.), any plant of the genus Xyris.

YELLOWFIN Yel"low*fin`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large squeteague.

YELLOWFISH Yel"low*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rock trout (Pleurogrammus monopterygius) found on the coast of Alaska; -- called also striped fish, and Atka mackerel.

YELLOW-GOLDS Yel"low-golds`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A certain plant, probably the yellow oxeye. B. Jonson.

YELLOWHAMMER Yel"low*ham`mer, n. Etym: [For yellow-ammer, where ammer is fr. AS. amore a kind of bird; akin to G. ammer a yellow-hammer, OHG. amero.] (Zoöl.) (a) A common European finch (Emberiza citrinella). The color of the male is bright yellow on the breast, neck, and sides of the head, with the back yellow and brown, and the top of the head and the tail quills blackish. Called also yellow bunting, scribbling lark, and writing lark. [Written also yellow-ammer.] (b) The flicker. [Local, U. S.]

YELLOWING Yel"low*ing, n.