Chapter CDLXXIII: Prologue (124)

1. A small knoblike prominence or excrescence, whether natural or morbid; as, a tubercle on a plant; a tubercle on a bone; the tubercles appearing on the body in leprosy.

2. (Med.)

Defn: A small mass or aggregation of morbid matter; especially, the deposit which accompanies scrofula or phthisis. This is composed of a hard, grayish, or yellowish, translucent or opaque matter, which gradually softens, and excites suppuration in its vicinity. It is most frequently found in the lungs, causing consumption. Tubercle bacillus (Med.), a minute vegetable organism (Bacillus tuberculosis) discovered by Koch, a German physician, in the sputum of consumptive patients and in tuberculous tissue, and believed to be the exciting cause of tubercles and tuberculosis.

TUBERCLED Tu"ber*cled, a.

Defn: Having tubercles; affected with, tubercles; tuberculate; as, a tubercled lung or stalk.

TUBERCULAR Tu*ber"cu*lar, a.

1. Having tubercles; affected with tubercles; tubercled; tuberculate.

2. Like a tubercle; as, a tubercular excrescence.

3. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by the development of tubercles; as, tubercular diathesis.

TUBERCULARIZE Tu*ber"cu*lar*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. -ized; p. pr. & vb. n. i- zing.] [Tubercular + -ize.] (Med.)

Defn: To infect with tuberculosis. --Tu*ber`cu*lar*i*za"tion (#), n.

TUBERCULATE; TUBERCULATED Tu*ber"cu*late, Tu*ber"cu*la`ted, a. Etym: [NL. tuberculatus: cf. F. tuberculé.]

Defn: Tubercled; tubercular.

TUBERCULIN Tu*ber"cu*lin, n. Etym: [See Tubercle.]

Defn: A fluid containing the products formed by the growth of the tubercle bacillus in a suitable culture medium.

TUBERCULIN TEST Tu*ber"cu*lin test.

Defn: The hypodermic injection of tuberculin, which has little or no effect with healthy cattle, but causes a marked rise in temperature in tuberculous animals.

TUBERCULIZATION Tu*ber`cu*li*za"tion, n. (Med.)

Defn: The development of tubercles; the condition of one who is affected with tubercles.

TUBERCULOCIDIN Tu*ber"cu*lo*ci`din, n. [Tuberculum + root of L. caedere to kill.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A special substance contained in tuberculin, supposed to be the active agent of the latter freed from various impurities.

TUBERCULOID Tu*ber"cu*loid, a. [Tuberculum + -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Resembling a tubercle.

TUBERCULOSE; TUBERCULOUS Tu*ber"cu*lose`, Tu*ber"cu*lous, a.

Defn: Having tubercles; affected with, or characterized by, tubercles; tubercular.

TUBERCULOSED Tu*ber"cu*losed`, a. (Med.)

Defn: Affected with tuberculosis.

TUBERCULOSIS Tu*ber`cu*lo"sis, n. Etym: [NL. See Tubercle.] (Med.)

Defn: A constitutional disease characterized by the production of tubercles in the internal organs, and especially in the lungs, where it constitutes the most common variety of pulmonary consumption.

TUBERCULUM Tu*ber"cu*lum, n.; pl. Tubercula. Etym: [L., dim. of tuber a swelling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tubercle.

TUBERIFEROUS Tu`ber*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Tuber + -ferous.]

Defn: Producing or bearing tubers.

TUBEROSE Tube"rose`, n. Etym: [Cf. G. tuberose, F. tubéreuse, NL. Polianthes tuberosa. See Tuberous.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Polianthes tuberosa) with a tuberous root and a liliaceous flower. It is much cultivated for its beautiful and fragrant white blossoms.

TUBEROSE Tu"ber*ose`, a.

Defn: Tuberous.

TUBEROSITY Tu`ber*os"i*ty, n.; pl. Tuberosities. Etym: [Cf. F. tubérosité.]

1. The state of being tuberous.

2. An obtuse or knoblike prominence; a protuberance.

TUBEROUS Tu"ber*ous, a. Etym: [L. tuberosus: cf. F. tubéreux. See Tuber, and cf. also Tuberose.]

1. Covered with knobby or wartlike prominences; knobbed.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Consisting of, or bearing, tubers; resembling a tuber. -- Tu"ber*ous*ness, n.

TUBE-SHELL Tube"-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any bivalve mollusk which secretes a shelly tube around its siphon, as the watering-shell.

TUBEWORM Tube"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any annelid which constructs a tube; one of the Tubicolæ.

TUBFISH Tub"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The sapphirine gurnard (Trigla hirundo). See Illust. under Gurnard. [Prov. Eng.]

TUBFUL Tub"ful, n.; pl. Tubfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tub will hold; enough to fill a tub.

TUBICINATE Tu*bic"i*nate, v. i. Etym: [L. tubicen trumpeter.]

Defn: To blow a trumpet.

TUBICOLAE Tu*bic"o*læ, n. pl. Etym: [L. tubus a tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of annelids including those which construct, and habitually live in, tubes. The head or anterior segments usually bear gills and cirri. Called also Sedentaria, and Capitibranchiata. See Serpula, and Sabella.

TUBICOLAR Tu*bic"o*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tubicolous.

TUBICOLE Tu"bi*cole, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tubicolæ.

TUBICOLOUS Tu*bic"o*lous, a. Etym: [See Tubicolæ.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Inhabiting a tube; as, tubicolous worms.

TUBICORN Tu"bi*corn, n. Etym: [L. tubus tube + cornu horn: cf. F. tubicorne.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any ruminant having horns composed of a bony axis covered with a horny sheath; a hollow-horned ruminant.

TUBICORNOUS Tu"bi*corn`ous, a.

Defn: Having hollow horns.

TUBIFORM Tu"bi*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a tube; tubeform. "Tubiform cells." Carpenter.

TUBINARES Tu`bi*na"res, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. tubus tube + nares the nostrils.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tribe of sea birds comprising the petrels, shearwaters, albatrosses, hagdons, and allied birds having tubular horny nostrils.

TUBING Tub"ing, n.

1. The act of making tubes.

2. A series of tubes; tubes, collectively; a length or piece of a tube; material for tubes; as, leather tubing.

TUBIPORA Tu*bip"o*ra, n. Etym: [NL., from L. tubus tube + porus passage, pore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of halcyonoids in which the skeleton, or coral (called organ-pipe coral), consists of a mass of parallel cylindrical tubes united at intervals by transverse plates. These corals are usually red or purple and form large masses. They are natives of the tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

TUBIPORE Tu"bi*pore, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tubipore.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of the genus Tubipora.

TUBIPORITE Tu"bi*po*rite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil coral of the genus Syringopora consisting of a cluster of upright tubes united together by small transverse tubules.

TUBIVALVE Tu"bi*valve, n. Etym: [See Tube, Valve.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A shell or tube formed by an annelid, as a serpula.

TUBMAN Tub"man, n.; pl. Tubmen (. (Eng. Law)

Defn: One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court of Exchequer. Cf. Postman, 2.

TUBULAR Tu"bu*lar, a. Etym: [L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, or pipe. See Tube.]

Defn: Having the form of a tube, or pipe; consisting of a pipe; fistular; as, a tubular snout; a tubular calyx. Also, containing, or provided with, tubes. Tubular boiler. See under Boiler. -- Tubular breathing (Med.), a variety of respiratory sound, heard on auscultation over the lungs in certain cases of disease, resembling that produced by the air passing through the trachea. -- Tubular bridge, a bridge in the form of a hollow trunk or tube, made of iron plates riveted together, as the Victoria bridge over the St. Lawrence, at Montreal, Canada, and the Britannia bridge over the Menai Straits. -- Tubular girder, a plate girder having two or more vertical webs with a space between them.

TUBULARIA Tu`bu*la"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hydroids having large, naked, flowerlike hydranths at the summits of long, slender, usually simple, stems. The gonophores are small, and form clusters at the bases of the outer tentacles.

TUBULARIAE Tu`bu*la"ri*æ, n. pl. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Tubularida.

TUBULARIAN Tu`bu*la"ri*an, n. (Zool.)

Defn: Any hydroid belonging to the suborder Tubularida.

Note: These hydroids usually form tufts of delicate tubes, and both gonophores and hydranths are naked. The gonophores of many of the species become free jellyfishes; those of other species remain permanently attached as medusoid buds or sporosacs. See Illust. under Gonosome, and Cymnoblastea.

TUBULARIAN Tu`bu*la"ri*an, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the tubularians.

TUBULARIDA Tu"bu*lar`i*da, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive division of Hydroidea; the tubularians; -- called also Athecata, Gymnoblastea, and Tubulariæ.

TUBULATE Tu"bu*late, a. Etym: [L. tubulatus. See Tubular.]

Defn: Tubular; tubulated; tubulous.

TUBULATED Tu"bu*la`ted, a.

Defn: Made in the form of a small tube; provided with a tube, or elongated opening. Tubulated bottle or retort (Chem.), a bottle or retort having a stoppered opening for the introduction or removal of materials.

TUBULATION Tu`bu*la"tion, n. (Chem.)

Defn: The act of shaping or making a tube, or of providing with a tube; also, a tube or tubulure; as, the tubulation of a retort.

TUBULATURE Tu"bu*la`ture, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A tubulure.

TUBULE Tu"bule, n. Etym: [F. tubule, or L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, a pipe.]

1. A small pipe or fistular body; a little tube.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: A minute tube lined with glandular epithelium; as, the uriniferous tubules of the kidney.

TUBULIBRANCHIAN Tu`bu*li*bran"chi*an, n. (Zool.)

Defn: One of the Tubulibranchiata.

TUBULIBRANCHIATA Tu`bu*li*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., from L. tubulus a little tube + branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of gastropod mollusks having a tubular shell. Vermetus is an example.

TUBULICOLE Tu"bu*li*cole`, n. Etym: [L. tubulus little tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any hydroid which has tubular chitinous stems.

TUBULIDENTATE Tu`bu*li*den"tate, a. Etym: [Tubule + dentate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having teeth traversed by canals; -- said of certain edentates.

TUBULIFORM Tu"bu*li*form`, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tubuliforme.]

Defn: Having the form of a small tube.

TUBULIPORE Tu"bu*li*pore", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Bryozoa belonging to Tubulipora and allied genera, having tubular calcareous calicles.

TUBULOSE; TUBULOUS Tu"bu*lose`, Tu"bu*lous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. tubuleux. See Tubule.]

1. Resembling, or in the form of, a tube; longitudinally hollow; specifically (Bot.), having a hollow cylindrical corolla, often expanded or toothed at the border; as, a tubulose flower.

2. Containing, or consisting of, small tubes; specifically (Bot.), composed wholly of tubulous florets; as, a tubulous compound flower. Tubulous boiler, a steam boiler composed chiefly of tubes containing water and surrounded by flame and hot gases; -- sometimes distinguished from tubular boiler.

TUBULURE Tu"bu*lure, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tubulure.] (Chem.)

Defn: A short tubular opening at the top of a retort, or at the top or side of a bottle; a tubulation.

TUCAN Tu*can", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Mexican pocket gopher (Geomys Mexicanus). It resembles the common pocket gopher of the Western United States, but is larger. Called also tugan, and tuza.

TUCET Tu"cet, n.

Defn: See Tucket, a steak. [Obs.]

TUCH Tuch, n. Etym: [See Touchstone.]

Defn: A dark-colored kind of marble; touchstone. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington.

TUCK Tuck, n. Etym: [F. estoc; cf. It. stocco; both of German origin, and akin to E. stock. See Stock.]

Defn: A long, narrow sword; a rapier. [Obs.] Shak. He wore large hose, and a tuck, as it was then called, or rapier, of tremendous length. Sir W. Scot.

TUCK Tuck, n. Etym: [Cf. Tocsin.]

Defn: The beat of a drum. Scot.

TUCK Tuck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tucked; p. pr. & vb. n. Tucking.] Etym: [OE. tukken, LG. tukken to pull up, tuck up, entice; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to draw with a short and quick motion, and E. tug. See Tug.]

1. To draw up; to shorten; to fold under; to press into a narrower compass; as, to tuck the bedclothes in; to tuck up one's sleeves.

2. To make a tuck or tucks in; as, to tuck a dress.

3. To inclose; to put within; to press into a close place; as, to tuck a child into a bed; to tuck a book under one's arm, or into a pocket.

4. Etym: [Perhaps originally, to strike, beat: cf. F. toquer to touch. Cf. Tocsin.]

Defn: To full, as cloth. [Prov. Eng.]

TUCK Tuck, v. i.

Defn: To contract; to draw together. [Obs.]

TUCK Tuck, n.

1. A horizontal sewed fold, such as is made in a garment, to shorten it; a plait.

2. A small net used for taking fish from a larger one; -- called also tuck-net.

3. A pull; a lugging. [Obs.] See Tug. Life of A. Wood.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The part of a vessel where the ends of the bottom planks meet under the stern.

5. Food; pastry; sweetmeats. [Slang] T. Hughes.

TUCKAHOE Tuck"a*hoe, n. Etym: [North American Indian, bread.] (Bot.)

Defn: A curious vegetable production of the Southern Atlantic United States, growing under ground like a truffle and often attaining immense size. The real nature is unknown. Called also Indian bread, and Indian loaf.

TUCKER Tuck"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, tucks; specifically, an instrument with which tuck are made.

2. A narrow piece of linen or the like, folded across the breast, or attached to the gown at the neck, forming a part of a woman's dress in the 17th century and later.

3. Etym: [See Tuck, v. t., 4.]

Defn: A fuller. [Prov. Eng.]

TUCKER Tuck"er, v. t.

Defn: To tire; to weary; -- usually with out. [Colloq. U. S.]

TUCKET Tuck"et, n. Etym: [It toccata a prelude, fr. toccare to touch. See Toccata, Touch.]

Defn: A slight flourish on a trumpet; a fanfare. [Obs.] Tucket sonance, the sound of the tucket. [Obs.] Let the trumpets sound The tucket sonance and the note to mount. Shak.

TUCKET Tuck"et, n. Etym: [Cf. It. tocchetto a ragout of fish, meat, fr. tocco a bit, morsel, LL. tucetum, tuccetum, a thick gravy.]

Defn: A steak; a collop. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.

TUCK-NET Tuck"-net`, n.

Defn: See Tuck, n., 2.

TUCK POINTING Tuck pointing. (Masonry)

Defn: The finishing of joints along the center lines with a narrow ridge of putty or fine lime mortar.

TUCUM Tu"cum, n. Etym: [So called by the Indians of Brazil.]

Defn: A fine, strong fiber obtained from the young leaves of a Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum vulgare), used for cordage, bowstrings, etc.; also, the plant yielding this fiber. Called also tecum, and tecum fiber.

TUCUMA Tu*cu"ma, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A Brazilian palm (Astrocaryum Tucuma) which furnishes an edible fruit.

TUDOR Tu"dor, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a royal line of England, descended from Owen Tudor of Wales, who married the widowed queen of Henry V. The first reigning Tudor was Henry VII.; the last, Elizabeth. Tudor style (Arch.), the latest development of Gothic architecture in England, under the Tudors, characterized by flat four-centered arches, shallow moldings, and a profusion of paneling on the walls.

TUE Tu"e, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The parson bird.

TUEFALL Tue"fall, n. (Arch.)

Defn: See To-fall. [Eng.]

TUE-IRON Tue"-i`ron, n.

Defn: See Tuyère.

TUE-IRONS Tue"-i`rons, n. pl.

Defn: A pair of blacksmith's tongs.

TUESDAY Tues"day, n. Etym: [OE. Tewesday, AS. Tiwes dæg the day of Tiw the god of war; akin to OHG. Zio, Icel. T, L. Jupiter, Gr. Ziostac Tuesday, G. Dienstag, Icel. T. See Deity, Day, and cf. Jovial.]

Defn: The third day of the week, following Monday and preceding Wednesday.

TUET Tu"et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lapwing. [Prov. Eng.]

TUFA Tu"fa, Etym: [It. fufo soft, sandy stone, L. tofus, tophus. Cf. Tofus, Toph, and Tophin.] (Min.) (a) A soft or porous stone formed by depositions from water, usually calcareous; -- called also calcareous tufa. (b) A friable volcanic rock or conglomerate, formed of consolidated cinders, or scoria.

TUFACEOUS Tu*fa"ceous, a. Etym: [Cf. It. tufaceo, L. tofaceus, tofacius. See Tufa.] (Min.)

Defn: Pertaining to tufa; consisting of, or resembling, tufa.

TUFF Tuff, n. (Min.)

Defn: Same as Tufa.

TUFFOON Tuf*foon", n.

Defn: See Typhoon. [R.]

TUFT Tuft, n. Etym: [Prov. E. tuff, F. touffe; of German origin; cf. G. zopf a weft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree. See Top summit.]

1. A collection of small, flexible, or soft things in a knot or bunch; a waving or bending and spreading cluster; as, a tuft of flowers or feathers.

2. A cluster; a clump; as, a tuft of plants. Under a tuft of shade. Milton. Green lake, and cedar fuft, and spicy glade. Keble.

3. A nobleman, or person of quality, especially in the English universities; -- so called from the tuft, or gold tassel, on the cap worn by them. [Cant, Eng.] Several young tufts, and others of the faster men. T. Hughes.

TUFT Tuft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tufted; p. pr. & vb. n. Tufting.]

1. To separate into tufts.

2. To adorn with tufts or with a tuft. Thomson.

TUFT Tuft, v. i.

Defn: To grow in, or form, a tuft or tufts.

TUF-TAFFETA Tuf-taf"fe*ta, n.

Defn: A silk fabric formerly in use, having a nap or pile. [Written also tuft-taffeta.]

TUFTED Tuft"ed, a.

1. Adorned with a tuft; as, the tufted duck.

2. Growing in tufts or clusters; tufty. The tufted crowtoe, and pale jessamine. Milton. Tufted trees and springing corn. Pope. Tufted duck (Zoöl.), the ring-necked duck. [Local, U.S.]

TUFTHUNTER Tuft"hunt`er, n.

Defn: A hanger-on to noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities; a toady. See 1st Tuft, 3. [Cant, Eng.] Halliwell.

TUFTHUNTING Tuft"hunt`ing, n.

Defn: The practice of seeking after, and hanging on, noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities. [Cant, Eng.]

TUFTY Tuft"y, a.

1. Abounding with tufts. Both in the tufty frith and in the mossy fell. Drayton.

2. Growing in tufts or clusters. Where tufty daisies nod at every gale. W. Browne.

TUG Tug, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tugged; p. pr. & vb. n. Tugging.] Etym: [OE. toggen; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to jerk, draw, Icel. toga to draw, AS. téon, p. p. togen, to draw, G. ziehen, OHG. ziohan, Goth. tiuhan, L. ducere to lead, draw. Cf. Duke, Team, Tie, v. t., Touch, Tow, v. t., Tuck to press in, Toy a plaything.]

1. To pull or draw with great effort; to draw along with continued exertion; to haul along; to tow; as, to tug a loaded cart; to tug a ship into port. There sweat, there strain, tug the laborious oar. Roscommon.

2. To pull; to pluck. [Obs.] To ease the pain, His tugged cars suffered with a strain. Hudibras.

TUG Tug, v. i.

1. To pull with great effort; to strain in labor; as, to tug at the oar; to tug against the stream. He tugged, he shook, till down they came. Milton.

2. To labor; to strive; to struggle. England now is left To tug and scamble and to part by the teeth The unowed interest of proud-swelling state. Shak.

TUG Tug, n.

1. A pull with the utmost effort, as in the athletic contest called tug of war; a supreme effort. At the tug he falls, Vast ruins come along, rent from the smoking walls. Dryden.

2. A sort of vehicle, used for conveying timber and heavy articles. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A small, powerful steamboat used to tow vessels; -- called also steam tug, tugboat, and towboat.

4. A trace, or drawing strap, of a harness.

5. (Mining.)

Defn: An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed. Tug iron, an iron hook or button to which a tug or trace may be attached, as on the shaft of a wagon.

TUGAN Tu*gan", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Tucan.

TUGBOAT Tug"boat`, n.

Defn: See Tug, n., 3.

TUGGER Tug"ger, n.

Defn: One who tugs.

TUGGINGLY Tug"ging*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tugging manner; with laborious pulling.

TUILLE Tuille, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tuile a tile.]

Defn: In plate armor, a suspended plate in from of the thigh. See Illust. of Tasses.

TUITION Tu*i"tion, n. Etym: [L. tuitio protection, guarding, from tueri, p. p. tuitus, to see, watch, protect: cf. F. tuition. Cf. Tutor.]

1. Superintending care over a young person; the particular watch and care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward; guardianship.

2. Especially, the act, art, or business of teaching; instruction; as, children are sent to school for tuition; his tuition was thorough.

3. The money paid for instruction; the price or payment for instruction.

TUITIONARY Tu*i"tion*a*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tuition.

TUKO-TUKO Tu"ko-tu*ko, n. Etym: [From the native name .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A burrowing South American rodent (Ctenomys Braziliensis). It has small eyes and ears and a short tail. It resembles the pocket gopher in size, form, and habits, but is more nearly allied to the porcupines. [Written also tucu-tuco.]

TULA METAL Tu"la met`al.

Defn: An alloy of silver, copper, and lead made at Tula in Russia. [Written also toola metal.]

TULE Tu"le, n. Etym: [Mex.] (Bot.)

Defn: A large bulrush (Scirpus lacustris, and S. Tatora) growing abundantly on overflowed land in California and elsewhere.

TULIP Tu"lip, n. Etym: [F. tulipe, OF. also tulipan, It. tulipano, tulipa, from Turk. tulbend, dulbend, literally, a turban, Per. dulband; -- so called from the resemblance of the form of this flower to a turban. See Turban.] (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant of the liliaceous genus Tulipa. Many varieties are cultivated for their beautiful, often variegated flowers. Tulip tree. (a) A large American tree bearing tuliplike flowers. See Liriodendron. (b) A West Indian malvaceous tree (Paritium, or Hibiscus, tiliaceum).

TULIP-EARED Tu"lip-eared`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having erect, pointed ears; prick-eared; -- said of certain dogs.

TULIPIST Tu"lip*ist, n.

Defn: A person who is especially devoted to the cultivation of tulips. Sir T. Browne.

TULIPOMANIA Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*a, n. Etym: [Tulip + mania.]

Defn: A violent passion for the acquisition or cultivation of tulips; -- a word said by Beckman to have been coined by Menage.

Note: In Holland, in the first half of the 17th century, the cultivation of tulips became a mania. It began about the year 1634, and, like a violent epidemic, seized upon all classes of the community, leading to disasters and misery such as the records of commerce or of bankruptcies can scarcely parallel. In 1636, tulip marts had been established in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Haarlem, Leyden, and various other towns, where tulip bulbs were sold and resold in the same manner as stocks are on the Stock Exchange of London. Baird.

TULIPOMANIAC Tu`lip*o*ma"ni*ac, n.

Defn: One who is affected with tulipomania.

TULIP-SHELL Tu"lip-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsomely colored, marine univalve shell (Fasciolaria tulipa) native of the Southern United States. The name is sometimes applied also to other species of Fasciolaria.

TULIPWOOD Tu"lip*wood`, n.

Defn: The beautiful rose-colored striped wood of a Brazilian tree (Physocalymna floribunda), much used by cabinetmakers for inlaying. Queensland tulipwood, the variegated wood of an Australian sapindaceous tree (Harpullia pendula). J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

TULL Tull, v. t. Etym: [OE. tullen. See Tole.]

Defn: To allure; to tole. [Obs.] With empty hands men may no hawkes tull. Chaucer.

TULLE Tulle, n. Etym: [F.; -- so called from the town of Tulle, in France.]

Defn: A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for veils, etc.

TULLIAN Tul"li*an, a. Etym: [L. Tullianus, from Tullius, the name of a Roman gens.]

Defn: Belonging to, or in the style of, Tully (Marcus Tullius Cicero).

TULLIBEE Tul"li*bee, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A whitefish (Coregonus tullibee) found in the Great Lakes of North America; -- called also mongrel whitefish.

TUMBLE Tum"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tumbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumbling.] Etym: [OE. tumblen, AS. tumbian to turn heels over head, to dance violently; akin to D. tuimelen to fall, Sw. tumla, Dan. tumle, Icel. tumba; and cf. G. taumeln to reel, to stagger.]

1. To roll over, or to and fro; to throw one's self about; as, a person on pain tumbles and tosses.

2. To roll down; to fall suddenly and violently; to be precipitated; as, to tumble from a scaffold. He who tumbles from a tower surely has a greater blow than he who slides from a molehill. South.

3. To play tricks by various movements and contortions of the body; to perform the feats of an acrobat. Rowe. To tumble home (Naut.), to incline inward, as the sides of a vessel, above the bends or extreme breadth; -- used esp. in the phrase tumbling home. Cf. Wall-sided.

TUMBLE Tum"ble, v. t.

1. To turn over; to turn or throw about, as for examination or search; to roll or move in a rough, coarse, or unceremonious manner; to throw down or headlong; to precipitate; -- sometimes with over, about, etc.; as, to tumble books or papers.

2. To disturb; to rumple; as, to tumble a bed.

TUMBLE Tum"ble, n.

Defn: Act of tumbling, or rolling over; a fall.

TUMBLEBUG Tum"ble*bug`, n.

Defn: See Tumbledung.

TUMBLE-DOWN Tum"ble-down`, a.

Defn: Ready to fall; dilapidated; ruinous; as, a tumble-down house. [Colloq.]

TUMBLEDUNG Tum"ble*dung`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of scaraboid beetles belonging to Scarabæus, Copris, Phanæus, and allied genera. The female lays her eggs in a globular mass of dung which she rolls by means of her hind legs to a burrow excavated in the earth in which she buries it.

TUMBLER Tum"bler, n.

1. One who tumbles; one who plays tricks by various motions of the body; an acrobat.

2. A movable obstruction in a lock, consisting of a lever, latch, wheel, slide, or the like, which must be adjusted to a particular position by a key or other means before the bolt can be thrown in locking or unlocking.

3. (Firearms)

Defn: A piece attached to, or forming part of, the hammer of a gunlock, upon which the mainspring acts and in which are the notches for sear point to enter.

4. A drinking glass, without a foot or stem; -- so called because originally it had a pointed or convex base, and could not be set down with any liquor in it, thus compelling the drinker to finish his measure.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for its habit of tumbling, or turning somersaults, during its flight.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A breed of dogs that tumble when pursuing game. They were formerly used in hunting rabbits.

7. A kind of cart; a tumbrel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

TUMBLERFUL Tum"bler*ful, n.; pl. Tumblerfuls (.

Defn: As much as a tumbler will hold; enough to fill a tumbler.

TUMBLEWEED Tum"ble*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots in the autumn, and is driven by the wind, as a light, rolling mass, over the fields and prairies; as witch grass, wild indigo, Amarantus albus, etc.

TUMBLING Tum"bling,

Defn: a. & vb. n. from Tumble, v. Tumbling barrel. Same as Rumble, n., 4. -- Tumbling bay, an overfall, or weir, in a canal.

TUMBREL; TUMBRIL Tum"brel, Tum"bril n. Etym: [OF. tomberel, F. tombereau, fr. tomber to fall, to tumble; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Tumble.]

1. A cucking stool for the punishment of scolds.

2. A rough cart. Tusser. Tatler.

3. (Mil.)

Defn: A cart or carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or artillery, to convey the tools of pioneers, cartridges, and the like.

4. A kind of basket or cage of osiers, willows, or the like, to hold hay and other food for sheep. [Eng.]

TUMEFACIENT Tu`me*fa"cient, a. [L. tumefaciens, -entis, p. pr. of tumefacere to tumefy; tumere to swell + facere to make.]

Defn: Producing swelling; tumefying.

TUMEFACTION Tu`me*fac"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tuméfaction.]

Defn: The act or process of tumefying, swelling, or rising into a tumor; a swelling. Arbuthnot.

TUMEFY Tu"me*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumefied; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumefying.] Etym: [F. tuméfier, fr. L. tumere to swell + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. L. tumefacere to tumefy. See Tumid, and -fy.]

Defn: To swell; to cause to swell, or puff up. To swell, tumefy, stiffen, not the diction only, but the tenor of the thought. De Quincey.

TUMEFY Tu"me*fy, v. i.

Defn: To rise in a tumor; to swell.

TUMESCENCE Tu*mes"cence, n. [L. tumescens, -entis, p.pr. of tumescere to swell up, v. incho. fr. tumere to swell.]

Defn: The act of becoming tumid; the state of being swollen; intumescence.

TUMESCENT Tu*mes"cent, a.

Defn: Slightly tumid; swollen, as certain moss capsules.

TUMID Tu"mid, a. Etym: [L. tumidus, fr. tumere to swell; cf. Skr. tumra strong, fat. Cf. Thumb.]

1. Swelled, enlarged, or distended; as, a tumid leg; tumid flesh.

2. Rising above the level; protuberant. So high as heaved the tumid hills. Milton.

3. Swelling in sound or sense; pompous; puffy; inflated; bombastic; falsely sublime; turgid; as, a tumid expression; a tumid style. -- Tu"mid*ly, adv. -- Tu"mid*ness, n.

TUMIDITY Tu*mid"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumid.

TUMMALS Tum"mals, n. (Mining)

Defn: A great quantity or heap. Weale.

TUMOR Tu"mor, n. Etym: [L., fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. tumeúr. See Tumid.]

1. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid swelling, prominence, or growth, on any part of the body; especially, a growth produced by deposition of new tissue; a neoplasm.

2. Affected pomp; bombast; swelling words or expressions; false magnificence or sublimity. [R.] Better, however, to be a flippant, than, by a revolting form of tumor and perplexity, to lead men into habits of intellect such as result from the modern vice of English style. De Quincey. Encysted tumor, a tumor which is inclosed in a membrane called a cyst, connected with the surrounding parts by the neighboring cellular substance. -- Fatty tumor. See under Fatty. -- Innocent tumor, or Benign tumor, one which does not of itself threaten life, and does not usually tend to recur after extirpation. -- Malignant tumor, a tumor which tends continually to spread, to become generalized in different parts of the body, and to recur after extirpation, and which, if left to itself, causes death.

TUMORED Tu"mored, a.

Defn: Distended; swelled. [R.] "His tumored breast." R. Junius.

TUMOROUS Tu"mor*ous, a. Etym: [L. tumorosus inflated.]

1. Swelling; protuberant. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.

2. Inflated; bombastic. [R.] B. Jonson.

TUMP Tump, n. Etym: [W. twmp, twm, a round mass or heap, a hillock.]

Defn: A little hillock; a knoll. Ainsworth.

TUMP Tump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tumped; p. pr. & vb. n. Tumping.]

1. To form a mass of earth or a hillock about; as, to tump teasel.

2. To draw or drag, as a deer or other animal after it has been killed. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

TUMPLINE Tump"line`, n.

Defn: A strap placed across a man's forehead to assist him in carrying a pack on his back. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

TUM-TUM Tum"-tum`, n.

Defn: A dish made in the West Indies by beating boiled plantain quite soft in a wooden mortar.

TUMULAR Tu"mu*lar, a. Etym: [L. tumulus a mound: cf. F. tumulaire. See Tumulus.]

Defn: Consisting in a heap; formed or being in a heap or hillock. Pinkerton.

TUMULATE Tu"mu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. tumulatus, p. p. of tumulare to tumulate. See Tumulus.]

Defn: To cover, as a corpse, with a mound or tomb; to bury. [Obs.]

TUMULATE Tu"mu*late, v. i.

Defn: To swell. [Obs.] Wilkins.

TUMULOSE Tu"mu*lose`, a.

Defn: Tumulous. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULOSITY Tu`mu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumulous; hilliness. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULOUS Tu"mu*lous, a. Etym: [L. tumulosus, fr. tumulus a mound.]

Defn: Full of small hills or mounds; hilly; tumulose. [R.] Bailey.

TUMULT Tu"mult, n. Etym: [L.tumultus; probably akin to Skr. tumula noise, noisy, and perhaps to L. tumere to swell, E. tumid: cf. F. tumulte.]

1. The commotion or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied with great noise, uproar, and confusion of voices; hurly-burly; noisy confusion. What meaneth the noise of this tumult 1 Sam. iv. 14. Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arose. Pope.

2. Violent commotion or agitation, with confusion of sounds; as, the tumult of the elements. Addison.

3. Irregular or confused motion; agitation; high excitement; as, the tumult of the spirits or passions.

Syn. -- Uproar; ferment; disturbance; turbulence; disorder; confusion; noise; bluster; hubbub; bustle; stir; brawl; riot.

TUMULT Tu"mult, v. i.

Defn: To make a tumult; to be in great commotion. [Obs.] Importuning and tumulting even to the fear of a revolt. Milton.

TUMULTER Tu"mult*er, n.

Defn: A maker of tumults. [Obs.] He severely punished the tumulters. Milton.

TUMULTUARILY Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ly, adv.

Defn: In a tumultuary manner.

TUMULTUARINESS Tu*mul"tu*a*ri*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being tumultuary.

TUMULTUARY Tu*mul"tu*a*ry, a. Etym: [L. tumultuarius: cf. F. tumultuaire.]

1. Attended by, or producing, a tumult; disorderly; promiscuous; confused; tumultuous. "A tumultuary conflict." Eikon Basilike. A tumultuary attack of the Celtic peasantry. Macaulay. Sudden flight or tumultuary skirmish. De Quincey.

2. Restless; agitated; unquiet. Men who live without religion live always in a tumultuary and restless state. Atterbury.

TUMULTUATE Tu*mul"tu*ate, v. i. Etym: [L. tumultuatus, p. p. of tumultuari to make a tumult.]

Defn: To make a tumult. [Obs.] "He will murmur and tumultuate." South.

TUMULTUATION Tu*mul`tu*a"tion, n. Etym: [L. tumultuatio.]

Defn: Irregular or disorderly movement; commotion; as, the tumultuation of the parts of a fluid. [Obs.] Boyle.

TUMULTUOUS Tu*mul"tu*ous, a. Etym: [L. tumultuosus: cf. F. tumultueux.]

1. Full of tumult; characterized by tumult; disorderly; turbulent. The flight became wild and tumultuous. Macaulay.

2. Conducted with disorder; noisy; confused; boisterous; disorderly; as, a tumultuous assembly or meeting.

3. Agitated, as with conflicting passions; disturbed. His dire attempt, which, nigh the birth Now rolling, boils in his tumultuous breast. Milton.

4. Turbulent; violent; as, a tumultuous speech.

Syn. -- Disorderly; irregular; noisy; confused; turbulent; violent; agitated; disturbed; boisterous; lawless; riotous; seditious. -- Tu*mul"tu*ous*ly, adv. -- Tu*mul"tu*ous*ness, n.

TUMULUS Tu"mu*lus, n.; pl. Tumuli. Etym: [L., a mound, a sepulchral mound, probably from tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.]

Defn: An artificial hillock, especially one raised over a grave, particularly over the graves of persons buried in ancient times; a barrow.

TUN Tun, n. Etym: [AS. tunne. See Ton a weight.]

1. A large cask; an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or puncheon, and girt with hoops; a wine cask.

2. (Brewing)

Defn: A fermenting vat.

3. A certain measure for liquids, as for wine, equal to two pipes, four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. In different countries, the tun differs in quantity.

4. (Com.)

Defn: A weight of 2,240 pounds. See Ton. [R.]

5. An indefinite large quantity. Shak. A tun of man in thy large bulk is writ. Dryden.

6. A drunkard; -- so called humorously, or in contempt.

7. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any shell belonging to Dolium and allied genera; -- called also tun-shell.

TUN Tun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tunned; p. pr. & vb. n. Tunning.]

Defn: To put into tuns, or casks. Boyle.

TUNA Tu"na, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The Opuntia Tuna. See Prickly pear, under Prickly.

TUNA Tu"na, n. Etym: [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.) (a) The tunny. (b) The bonito, 2.

TUNABLE Tun"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being tuned, or made harmonious; hence, harmonious; musical; tuneful. -- Tun"a*ble*ness, n. -- Tun"a*bly, adv. And tunable as sylvan pipe or song. Milton.

TUN-BELLIED Tun"-bel`lied, a.

Defn: Having a large, protuberant belly, or one shaped like a tun; pot-bellied.

TUN-DISH Tun"-dish`, n.

Defn: A tunnel. [Obs.] Shak.

TUNDRA Tun"dra, n. Etym: [Russ., from a native name.]

Defn: A rolling, marshy, mossy plain of Northern Siberia.

TUNE Tune, n. Etym: [A variant of tone.]

1. A sound; a note; a tone. "The tune of your voices." Shak.

2. (Mus.) (a) A rhythmical, melodious, symmetrical series of tones for one voice or instrument, or for any number of voices or instruments in unison, or two or more such series forming parts in harmony; a melody; an air; as, a merry tune; a mournful tune; a slow tune; a psalm tune. See Air. (b) The state of giving the proper, sound or sounds; just intonation; harmonious accordance; pitch of the voice or an instrument; adjustment of the parts of an instrument so as to harmonize with itself or with others; as, the piano, or the organ, is not in tune. Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh. Shak.

3. Order; harmony; concord; fit disposition, temper, or humor; right mood. A child will learn three times as much when he is in tune, as when he . . . is dragged unwillingly to [his task]. Locke.

TUNE Tune, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tuned; p. pr. & vb. n. Tuning.]

1. To put into a state adapted to produce the proper sounds; to harmonize, to cause to be in tune; to correct the tone of; as, to tune a piano or a violin. " Tune your harps." Dryden.

2. To give tone to; to attune; to adapt in style of music; to make harmonious. For now to sorrow must I tune my song. Milton.

3. To sing with melody or harmony. Fountains, and ye, that warble, as ye flow, Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise. Milton.

4. To put into a proper state or disposition. Shak.

TUNE Tune, v. i.

1. To form one sound to another; to form accordant musical sounds. Whilst tuning to the water's fall, The small birds sang to her. Drayton.

2. To utter inarticulate harmony with the voice; to sing without pronouncing words; to hum. [R.]

TUNEFUL Tune"ful, a.

Defn: Harmonious; melodious; musical; as, tuneful notes. " Tuneful birds." Milton. -- Tune"ful*ly, adv. -- Tune"ful*ness, n.

TUNELESS Tune"less, a.

1. Without tune; inharmonious; unmusical. " Thy tuneless serenade." Cowley. How often have I led thy sportive choir, With tuneless pipe, beside the murmuring Loire! Goldsmith.

2. Not employed in making music; as, tuneless harps.

3. Not expressed in music or poetry; unsung. [R.]

TUNER Tun"er, n.

Defn: One who tunes; especially, one whose occupation is to tune musical instruments.

TUN-GREAT Tun"-great`, a.

Defn: Having the circumference of a tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

TUNGSTATE Tung"state, n. Etym: [Cf. F. tungstate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of tungstic acid; a wolframate.

TUNGSTEN Tung"sten n. Etym: [Sw. tungsten (cf. Dan. tungsteen, G. tungstein); tung heavy (akin to Dan. tung, Icel. þungr) + sten stone. See Stone.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W (Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18.

2 (Min.)

Defn: Scheelite, or calcium tungstate. [Obs.] Tungsten ocher, or Tungstic ocher (Min.), tungstate.

TUNGSTENIC Tung*sten"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to tungsten; containing tungsten; as, tungstenic ores. [R.]

TUNGSTEN LAMP Tung"sten lamp.

Defn: An electric glow lamp having filaments of metallic tungsten. Such lamps, owing to the refractory nature of the metal, may be maintained at a very high temperature and require an expenditure of only about 1.25 watts per candle power.

TUNGSTEN STEEL Tungsten steel. (Metal.)

Defn: A steel containing a small amount of tungsten, noted for tenacity and hardness, even under a considerable degree of heat. Magnets made of it are said to be highly permanent. It often contains manganese.

TUNGSTIC Tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to tungsten; derived from, or resembling, tungsten; wolframic; as, tungstic oxide. Tungstic acid, an acid of tungsten, H2WO4, analogous to sulphuric and chromic acids.

TUNGSTITE Tung"stite, n. (Min.)

Defn: The oxide of tungsten, a yellow mineral occurring in a pulverulent form. It is often associated with wolfram.

TUNGUSES Tun*gus"es, n. pl. (Ethnol.)

Defn: A group of roving Turanian tribes occupying Eastern Siberia and the Amoor valley. They resemble the Mongols. [Written also Tungooses.]

TUNGUSIC Tun*gus"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Tunguses; as, the Tungusic dialects.

TUNHOOF Tun"hoof`, n. Etym: [Cf. Aleboof.] (Bot.)

Defn: Ground ivy; alehoof.

TUNIC Tu"nic, n. Etym: [L. tunica: cf. F.tunique.]

1. (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: An under-garment worn by the ancient Romans of both sexes. It was made with or without sleeves, reached to or below the knees, and was confined at the waist by a girdle.

2. Any similar garment worm by ancient or Oriental peoples; also, a common name for various styles of loose-fitting under-garments and over-garments worn in modern times by Europeans and others.

3. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: Same as Tunicle.

4. (Anat.)

Defn: A membrane, or layer of tissue, especially when enveloping an organ or part, as the eye.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: A natural covering; an integument; as, the tunic of a seed.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Mantle, n., 3 (a).

TUNICARY Tu"ni*ca*ry, n.; pl. Tunicaries. Etym: [L. tunica a tunic.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tunicata.

TUNICATA Tu`ni*ca"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Tunicate.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A grand division of the animal kingdom, intermediate, in some respects, between the invertebrates and vertebrates, and by some writers united with the latter. They were formerly classed with acephalous mollusks. The body is usually covered with a firm external tunic, consisting in part of cellulose, and having two openings, one for the entrance and one for the exit of water. The pharynx is usually dilated in the form of a sac, pierced by several series of ciliated slits, and serves as a gill.

Note: Most of the species when mature are firmly attached to foreign substances, but have free-swimming larvæ which are furnished with an elongated tail and somewhat resemble a tadpole. In this state the larva has a urochord and certain other structures resembling some embryonic vertebrates. See Ascidian, Doliolum, Salpa, Urochord, and Illust. of Social ascidian, under Social.

TUNICATE; TUNICATED Tu"ni*cate, Tu"ni*ca`ted, a. Etym: [L. tunicatus, p. p. of tunicare to clothe with a tunic, fr. tunica a tunic.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with a tunic; covered or coated with layers; as, a tunicated bulb.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) Having a tunic, or mantle; of or pertaining to the Tunicata. (b) Having each joint buried in the preceding funnel-shaped one, as in certain antennæ of insects.

TUNICATE Tu"ni*cate, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Tunicata.

TUNICIN Tu"ni*cin, n. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Animal cellulose; a substance present in the mantle, or tunic, of the Tunicates, which resembles, or is identical with, the cellulose of the vegetable kingdom.

TUNICLE Tu"ni*cle, n. Etym: [L. tunicula a little tunic, coat, or membrane, dim. of tunica a tunic: cf. OF. tunicle.]

1. A slight natural covering; an integument. The tunicles that make the ball or apple of the eye. Holland.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: A short, close-fitting vestment worn by bishops under the dalmatic, and by subdeacons.

TUNING Tun"ing,

Defn: a. & n. from Tune, v. Tuning fork (Mus.), a steel instrument consisting of two prongs and a handle, which, being struck, gives a certain fixed tone. It is used for tuning instruments, or for ascertaining the pitch of tunes.

TUNK Tunk, n.

Defn: A sharp blow; a thump. [Prov. Eng. or Colloq. U. S.]

TUNKER Tun"ker, n. (Eccl.)

Defn: Same as Dunker.

TUNNAGE Tun"nage (; 48), n. Etym: [From Tun; cf. Tonnage.]

Defn: See Tonnage.

TUNNEL Tun"nel, n. . Etym: [F. tonnelle a semicircular, wagon-headed vault, a tunnel net, an arbor, OF. also tonnel; dim. of tonne a tun; -- so named from its resemblance to a tun in shape. See Ton.]

1. A vessel with a broad mouth at one end, a pipe or tube at the other, for conveying liquor, fluids, etc., into casks, bottles, or other vessels; a funnel.

2. The opening of a chimney for the passage of smoke; a flue; a funnel. And one great chimney, whose long tunnel thence The smoke forth threw. Spenser.

3. An artificial passage or archway for conducting canals or railroads under elevated ground, for the formation of roads under rivers or canals, and the construction of sewers, drains, and the like.

4. (Mining)

Defn: A level passage driven across the measures, or at right angles to veins which it is desired to reach; -- distinguished from the drift, or gangway, which is led along the vein when reached by the tunnel. Tunnel head (Metal.), the top of a smelting furnace where the materials are put in. -- Tunnel kiln, a limekiln in which coal is burned, as distinguished from a flame kiln, in which wood or peat is used. -- Tunnel net, a net with a wide mouth at one end and narrow at the other. -- Tunnel pit, Tunnel shaft, a pit or shaft sunk from the top of the ground to the level of a tunnel, for drawing up the earth and stones, for ventilation, lighting, and the like.

TUNNEL Tun"nel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tunneled ( or Tunnelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Tunneling or Tunnelling.]

1. To form into a tunnel, or funnel, or to form like a tunnel; as, to tunnel fibrous plants into nests. Derham.

2 2

Defn: To catch in a tunnel net.

3. To make an opening, or a passageway, through or under; as, to tunnel a mountain; to tunnel a river.

TUNNEL STERN Tun"nel stern.

Defn: A design of motor-boat stern, for use in shallow waters, in which the propeller is housed in a tunnel and does not extend below the greatest draft.

TUNNY Tun"ny, n.; pl. Tunnies. Etym: [L. thunnus, thynnus, Gr. tonno, F. & Pr. thon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large oceanic fishes belonging to the Mackerel family, especially the common or great tunny (Orcynus or Albacora thynnus) native of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It sometimes weighs a thousand pounds or more, and is extensively caught in the Mediterranean. On the American coast it is called horse mackerel. See Illust. of Horse mackerel, under Horse. [Written also thynny.]

Note: The little tunny (Gymnosarda alletterata) of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic, and the long-finned tunny, or albicore (see Albicore), are related species of smaller size.

TUP Tup, v. t. & i. Etym: [Probably akin to top summit, head.]

1. To butt, as a ram does. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To cover; -- said of a ram. Shak.

TUP Tup, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ram.

TUPAI Tu*pai", n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the tupaiids.

TUPAIID Tu*pai"id, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the family Tupaiidæ, somewhat resembling squirrels in size and arboreal habits. The nose is long and pointed.

TUPELO Tu"pe*lo, n. Etym: [Tupelo, or tupebo, the native American Indian name.] (Bot.)

Defn: A North American tree (Nyssa multiflora) of the Dogwood family, having brilliant, glossy foliage and acid red berries. The wood is crossgrained and very difficult to split. Called also black gum, sour gum, and pepperidge. Largo tupelo, or Tupelo gum (Bot.), an American tree (Nyssa uniflora) with softer wood than the tupelo. -- Sour tupelo (Bot.), the Ogeechee lime.

TUPI Tu"pi, n.

Defn: An Indian of the tribe from which the Tupian stock takes its name, dwelling, at the advent of the Portuguese, about the mouth of the Amazon. Also, their language, which is the basis of the Indian trade language of the Amazon.

TUPIAN Tu"pi*an, a.

Defn: Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of South American Indians comprising the most important Brazilian tribes. Agriculture, pottery, and stone working were practiced by them at the time of the conquest. The Tupi and the Guarani were originally the most powerful of the stock, which is hence also called Tupi-Guaranian.

TUPMAN Tup"man, n.; pl. Tupmen (.

Defn: A man who breeds, or deals in tups. [Prov. Eng.]

TUQUE Tuque, n. [Canadian F. See Toque.]

Defn: A kind of warm cap winter wear, made from a knit bag with closed tapered ends by pushing one end within the other, thus making a conical cap of double thickness.

Picturesque fellow with tuques, red sashes, and fur coats. F. Remington.

TUR Tur, n. Etym: [Pol.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The urus.

TURACIN Tu"ra*cin, n. (Physiol.) (Chem.)

Defn: A red or crimson pigment obtained from certain feathers of several species of turacou; whence the name. It contains nearly six per cent of copper.

TURACOU Tu*ra"cou, n. Etym: [Cf. F. touraco.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of plantain eaters of the genus Turacus, native of Africa. They are remarkable for the peculiar green and red pigments found in their feathers. [Written also touraco, and touracou.]

TURACOVERDIN Tu*ra`co*ver"din, n. Etym: [See Turacou, and Verdant.] (Physiol.) (Chem.)

Defn: A green pigment found in the feathers of the turacou. See Turacin.

TURANIAN Tu*ra"ni*an, a. Etym: [From Tur, the name, in Persian legendary history, of one of the three brothers from whom sprang the races of mankind.]

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic, Ural-Altaic, and Scythian), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages.

TURANIAN Tu*ra"ni*an, n.

Defn: One of the Turanians.

TURANIANS Tu*ra"ni*ans, n. pl. (Ethnol.) (a) An extensive division of mankind including the Mongols and allied races of Asia, together with the Malays and Polynesians. (b) A group of races or tribes inhabiting Asia and closely related to the Mongols.

TURATT Tu"ratt, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hare kangaroo.

TURBAN Tur"ban, n. Etym: [OE. turband, turbant, tolibant, F. turban, It. turbante, Turk. tulbend, dulbend, fr. Per. dulband. Cf. Tulip.]

1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck.

2. A kind of headdress worn by women.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell.

TURBAND Tur"band, n.

Defn: A turban. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind.).

TURBANED Tur"baned, a.

Defn: Wearing a turban. " A malignant and a turbaned Turk." Shak.

TURBAN-SHELL Tur"ban-shell`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; -- popularly so called from a fancied resemblance to a turban.

TURBANT Tur"bant, n.

Defn: A turban. [Obs.] Milton. I see the Turk nodding with his turbant. Howell.

TURBAN-TOP Tur"ban-top`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus (Helvella, or Gyromitra, esculenta.).

TURBARY Tur"ba*ry, n.; pl. Turbaries. Etym: [LL. turbaria a place for digging peat, from turba peat. See Turf.] (Eng. Law)

Defn: A right of digging turf on another man's land; also, the ground where turf is dug.

TURBELLARIA Tur`bel*la"ri*a, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo a whirling.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An extensive group of worms which have the body covered externally with vibrating cilia. It includes the Rhabdocoela and Dendrocoela. Formerly, the nemerteans were also included in this group.

TURBELLARIAN Tur`bel*la"ri*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Turbellaria. Also used adjectively.

TURBETH Tur"beth, n.

Defn: See Turpeth.

TURBID Tur"bid, a. Etym: [L. turbidus, from turba tumult, disturbance, akin to turbare to disturb. See Trouble, and cf. Disturb, Perturb.]

1. Having the lees or sediment disturbed; roiled; muddy; thick; not clear; -- used of liquids of any kind; as, turbid water; turbid wine. On that strong, turbid water, a small boat, Guided by one weak hand, was seen to float. Whittier.

2. Disturbed; confused; disordered. " Such turbid intervals that use to attend close prisoners." Howell.

TURBIDITY Tur*bid"i*ty, n.

Defn: Turbidness.

TURBIDLY Tur"bid*ly, adv.

1. In a turbid manner; with muddiness or confusion.

2. Proudly; haughtily. [A Latinism. R.] One of great merit turbidly resents them. Young.

TURBIDNESS Tur"bid*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being turbid; muddiness; foulness.

TURBILLION Tur*bil"lion, n. Etym: [F. tourbillon, from L. turbo a whirl.]

Defn: A whirl; a vortex. Spectator.

TURBINACEOUS Tur`bi*na"ceous, a. Etym: [See Turbary.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to peat, or turf; of the nature of peat, or turf; peaty; turfy. Sir. W. Scott.

TURBINAL Tur"bi*nal, a. Etym: [L. turbo, turben, -inis, a top, whirl.] (Anat.)

Defn: Rolled in a spiral; scroll-like; turbinate; -- applied to the thin, plicated, bony or cartilaginous plates which support the olfactory and mucous membranes of the nasal chambers.

Note: There are usually several of these plates in each nasal chamber. The upper ones, connected directly with the ethmoid bone, are called ethmoturbinals, and the lower, connected with the maxillæ, maxillo-turbinals. Incurved portions of the wall of the nasal chamber are sometimes called pseudoturbinals, to distinguish them from the true turbinals which are free outgrowths into the chambers.

TURBINAL Tur"bi*nal, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A turbinal bone or cartilage.

TURBINATE Tur"bi*nate, v. i.

Defn: To revolve or spin like a top; to whirl. [R.]

TURBINATE; TURBINATED Tur"bi*nate, Tur"bi*na`ted, a. Etym: [L. turbinatus, turbo, turben, - inis, a whirl, top.]

1. Whirling in the manner of a top. A spiral and turbinated motion of the whole. Bentley.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a top, or inverted cone; narrow at the base, and broad at the apex; as, a turbinated ovary, pericarp, or root.

3. (Anat.)

Defn: Turbinal.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Spiral with the whorls decreasing rapidly from a large base to a pointed apex; -- said of certain shells.

TURBINATION Tur`bi*na"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. L. tirbinatio a pointing in the form of a cone. See Turbinate.]

Defn: The act of spinning or whirling, as a top.

TURBINE Tur"bine, n. Etym: [L. turbo, -inis, that which spins or whirls round, whirl.]

Defn: A water wheel, commonly horizontal, variously constructed, but usually having a series of curved floats or buckets, against which the water acts by its impulse or reaction in flowing either outward from a central chamber, inward from an external casing, or from above downward, etc.; -- also called turbine wheel.

Note: In some turbines, the water is supplied to the wheel from below, instead of above. Turbines in which the water flows in a direction parallel to the axis are called parallel-flow turbines.

TURBINELLA Tur`bi*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo, -inis, a top.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of large marine gastropods having a thick heavy shell with conspicuous folds on the columella.

TURBINITE Tur"bi*nite, n. Etym: [NL. Turbo, the generic name, fr. L. turbo a whirl, top: cf. F. turbinite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A petrified shell resembling the genus Turbo. [R.]

TURBINOID Tur"bi*noid, a. Etym: [See Turbo, and -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to Turbo or the family Turbinidæ.

TURBIT Tur"bit, n. Etym: [Cf. Turbot.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The turbot.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon, remarkable for its short beak.

TURBITE Tur"bite, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil turbo.

TURBITH Tur"bith, n. Etym: [F., fr. Per. See Turpeth.]

Defn: See Turpeth.

TURBO Tur"bo, n. Etym: [L. turbo, -inis, a top. See Turbine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous marine gastropods of the genus Turbo or family Turbinidæ, usually having a turbinate shell, pearly on the inside, and a calcareous operculum.

TURBOGENERATOR Tur`bo*gen"er*a`tor, n. [See Turbine, and Generator.]

Defn: An electric generator or dynamo which is combined on one frame with a turbomotor, by which it is driven.