Chapter C: G. T (11)

4. A joint charge of expense, or any person's share of it; a contribution to a common fund. They laid down the club. L'Estrange. We dined at a French house, but paid ten shillings for our part of the club. Pepys. Club law, government by violence; lynch law; anarchy. Addison. -Club moss (Bot.), an evergreen mosslike plant, much used in winter decoration. The best know species is Lycopodium clavatum, but other Lycopodia are often called by this name. The spores form a highly inflammable powder. -- Club root (Bot.), a disease of cabbages, by which the roots become distorted and the heads spoiled. -- Club topsail (Naut.), a kind of gaff topsail, used mostly by yachts having a fore-and-aft rig. It has a short "club" or "jack yard" to increase its spread.

CLUB Club, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clubbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clubbing.]

1. To beat with a club.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: To throw, or allow to fall, into confusion. To club a battalion implies a temporary inability in the commanding officer to restore any given body of men to their natural front in line or column. Farrow.

3. To unite, or contribute, for the accomplishment of a common end; as, to club exertions.

4. To raise, or defray, by a proportional assesment; as, to club the expense. To club a musket (Mil.), to turn the breach uppermost, so as to use it as a club.

CLUB Club, v. i.

1. To form a club; to combine for the promotion of some common object; to unite. Till grosser atoms, tumbling in the stream Of fancy, madly met, and clubbed into a dream. Dryden.

2. To pay on equal or proportionate share of a common charge or expense; to pay for something by contribution. The owl, the raven, and the bat, Clubbed for a feather to his hat. Swift.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To drift in a current with an anchor out.

CLUBBABLE Club"ba*ble, a.

Defn: Suitable for membership in a club; sociable. [Humorous.] G. W. Curtis.

CLUBBED Clubbed, a.

Defn: Shaped like a club; grasped like, or used as, a club. Skelton.

CLUBBER Club"ber, n.

1. One who clubs.

2. A member of a club. [R.] Massinger.

CLUBBISH Club"bish, a.

1. Rude; clownish. [Obs.]

2. Disposed to club together; as, a clubbish set.

CLUBBIST Club"bist, n.

Defn: A member of a club; a frequenter of clubs. [R.] Burke.

CLUBFIST Club"fist`, n.

1. A large, heavy fist.

2. A coarse, brutal fellow. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.

CLUBFISTED Club"fist`ed, a.

Defn: Having a large fist. Howell.

CLUBFOOT Club"foot, n. Etym: [Club + foot.] (Med.)

Defn: A short, variously distorted foot; also, the deformity, usually congenital, which such a foot exhibits; talipes.

CLUBFOOTED Club"foot`ed, a.

Defn: Having a clubfoot.

CLUBHAND Club"hand`, n. (Med.)

Defn: A short, distorted hand; also, the deformity of having such a hand.

CLUBHAUL Club"haul`, v. t. (Naut.)

Defn: To put on the other tack by dropping the lee anchor as soon as the wind is out of the sails (which brings the vessel's head to the wind), and by cutting the cable as soon as she pays off on the other tack. Clubhauling is attempted only in an exigency.

CLUBHOUSE Club"house`, n.

Defn: A house occupied by a club.

CLUBROOM Club"room`, n.

Defn: The apartment in which a club meets. Addison.

CLUB-RUSH Club"-rush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A rushlike plant, the reed mace or cat-tail, or some species of the genus Scirpus. See Bulrush.

CLUB-SHAPED Club"-shaped, a.

Defn: Enlarged gradually at the end, as the antennæ of certain insects.

CLUCK Cluck, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clucked; p pr. & vb. n. Clucking.] Etym: [AS. cloccian; cf. D. klokken, G. glucken, glucksen, LG. klukken, Dan. klukke; all prob. of imitative origin.]

Defn: To make the noise, or utter the call, of a brooding hen. Ray.

CLUCK Cluck, v. t.

Defn: To call together, or call to follow, as a hen does her chickens. She, poor hen, fond of no second brood, Has clucked three to the wars. Shak.

CLUCK Cluck, n.

1. The call of a hen to her chickens.

2. A click. See 3d Click, 2.

CLUCKING Cluck"ing, n.

Defn: The noise or call of a brooding hen.

CLUE Clue, n. Etym: [See Clew, n.]

Defn: A ball of thread; a thread or other means of guidance. Same as Clew. You have wound a goodly clue. Shak. This clue once found unravels all the rest. Pope. Serve as clues to guide us into further knowledge. Locke.

CLUM Clum, interj.

Defn: Silence; hush. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLUMBER Clum"ber, n. Etym: [Named from the estate of the Duke of Newcastle.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A kind of field spaniel, with short legs and stout body, which, unlike other spaniels, hunts silently.

CLUMP Clump, n. Etym: [Cf. D. klomp lump, G. klump, klumpen, Dan. klump, Sw. kllimp; perh. akin to L. globus, E. globe. Cf. Club.]

1. An unshaped piece or mass of wood or other substance.

2. A cluster; a group; a thicket. A clump of shrubby trees. Hawthorne.

3. The compressed clay of coal strata. Brande & C.

CLUMP Clump, v. t.

Defn: To arrange in a clump or clumps; to cluster; to group. Blackmore.

CLUMP Clump, v. i.

Defn: To tread clumsily; to clamp. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CLUMPER Clump"er, v. t. Etym: [Cf. G. klümpern to clod. See Clump, n.]

Defn: To form into clumps or masses. [Obs.] Vapors . . . clumpered in balls of clouds. Dr. H. More.

CLUMPS Clumps, n.

Defn: A game in which questions are asked for the purpose of enabling the questioners to discover a word or thing previously selected by two persons who answer the questions; -- so called because the players take sides in two "clumps" or groups, the "clump" which guesses the word winning the game.

CLUMPY Clump"y, a. Etym: [From Clump, n.]

Defn: Composed of clumps; massive; shapeless. Leigh Hunt.

CLUMSILY Clum"si*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clumsy manner; awkwardly; as, to walk clumsily.

CLUMSINESS Clum"si*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being clusy. The drudging part of life is chiefly owing to clumsiness and ignorance. Collier.

CLUMSY Clum"sy, a. [Compar. Clumsier; superl. Clumsiest.] Etym: [OE. clumsed benumbed, fr. clumsen to be benumbed; cf. Icel. klumsa lockjaw, dial. Sw. klummsen benumbed with cold. Cf. 1st Clam, and 1st Clamp.]

1. Stiff or benumbed, as with cold. [Obs.]

2. Without skill or grace; wanting dexterity, nimbleness, or readiness; stiff; awkward, as if benumbed; unwieldy; unhandy; hence; ill-made, misshapen, or inappropriate; as, a clumsy person; a clumsy workman; clumsy fingers; a clumsy gesture; a clumsy excuse. But thou in clumsy verse, unlicked, unpointed, Hast shamefully defied the Lord's anointed. Dryden.

Syn. -- See Awkward.

CLUNCH Clunch, n. Etym: [Perh. fr. clinch to make fast]

Defn: .

1. (Mining)

Defn: Indurated clay. See Bind, n., 3.

2. One of the hard beds of the lower chalk. Dana.

CLUNG Clung,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Cling.

CLUNG Clung, a. Etym: [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]

Defn: Wasted away; shrunken. [Obs.]

CLUNIAC Clu"ni*ac, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: A monk of the reformed branch of the Benedictine Order, founded in 912 at Cluny (or Clugny) in France. -- Also used as a.

CLUNIACENSIAN Clu`ni*a*cen"sian, a.

Defn: Cluniac.

CLUPEOID Clu"pe*oid, a. Etym: [L.clupea a kind of fish, NL., generic name of the herring + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Herring family.

CLUSTER Clus"ter, n. Etym: [AS. cluster, clyster; cf. LG. kluster (also Sw. & Dan. klase a cluster of grapes, D. klissen to be entangled.)]

1. A number of things of the same kind growing together; a bunch. Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes, Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine. Spenser.

2. A number of similar things collected together or lying contiguous; a group; as, a cluster of islands. "Cluster of provinces." Motley.

3. A number of individuals grouped together or collected in one place; a crowd; a mob. As bees . . . Pour forth their populous youth about the hive In clusters. Milton. We loved him; but, like beasts And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters, Who did hoot him out o' the city. Shak.

CLUSTER Clus"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clustered; p. pr. & vb. n. Clustering.]

Defn: To grow in clusters or assemble in groups; to gather or unite in a cluster or clusters. His sunny hair Cluster'd about his temples, like a god's. Tennyson. The princes of the country clustering together. Foxe.

CLUSTER Clus"ter, v. t.

Defn: To collect into a cluster or clusters; to gather into a bunch or close body. Not less the bee would range her cells, . . . The foxglove cluster dappled bells. Tennyson. Or from the forest falls the clustered snow. Thomson. Clustered column (Arch.), a column which is composed, or appears to be composed, of several columns collected together.

CLUSTERINGLY Clus"ter*ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In clusters.

CLUSTERY Clus"ter*y, a. Etym: [From Cluster, n.]

Defn: Growing in, or full of, clusters; like clusters. Johnson.

CLUTCH Clutch (kluch; 224), n. Etym: [OE. cloche, cloke, claw, Scot. clook, cleuck, also OE. cleche claw, clechen, cleken, to seize; cf. AS. gelæccan (where ge- is a prefix) to seize. Cf. Latch a catch.]

1. A gripe or clinching with, or as with, the fingers or claws; seizure; grasp. "The clutch of poverty." Cowper. An expiring clutch at popularity. Carlyle. But Age, with his stealing steps, Hath clawed me in his clutch. Shak.

2. pl.

Defn: The hands, claws, or talons, in the act of grasping firmly; -- often figuratively, for power, rapacity, or cruelty; as, to fall into the clutches of an adversary. I must have . . . little care of myself, if I ever more come near the clutches of such a giant. Bp. Stillingfleet.

3. (Mach.)

Defn: A device which is used for coupling shafting, etc., so as to transmit motion, and which may be disengaged at pleasure.

4. Any device for gripping an object, as at the end of a chain or tackle.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The nest complement of eggs of a bird. Bayonet clutch (Mach.), a clutch in which connection is made by means of bayonets attached to arms sliding on a feathered shaft. The bayonets slide through holes in a crosshead fastened on the shaft.

CLUTCH Clutch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clutched; p. pr. & vb. n. Clutching.] Etym: [OE. clucchen. See Clutch, n.]

1. To seize, clasp, or gripe with the hand, hands, or claws; -- often figuratively; as, to clutch power. A man may set the poles together in his head, and clutch the whole globe at one intellectual grasp. Collier. Is this a dagger which I see before me . . . Come, let me clutch thee. Shak.

2. To close tightly; to clinch. Not that I have the power to clutch my hand. Shak.

CLUTCH Clutch, v. i.

Defn: To reach (at something) as if to grasp; to catch or snatch; -- often followed by at. Clutching at the phantoms of the stock market. Bankroft.

CLUTTER Clut"ter, n. Etym: [Cf. W. cludair heap, pile, cludeirio to heap.]

1. A confused collection; hence, confusion; disorder; as, the room is in a clutter. He saw what a clutter there was with huge, overgrown pots, pans, and spits. L'Estrange.

2. Clatter; confused noise. Swift.

CLUTTER Clut"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cluttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Cluttering.]

Defn: To crowd together in disorder; to fill or cover with things in disorder; to throw into disorder; to disarrange; as, to clutter a room.

CLUTTER Clut"ter, v. i.

Defn: To make a confused noise; to bustle. It [the goose] cluttered here, it chuckled there. Tennyson.

CLUTTER Clut"ter, v. t. Etym: [From Clod, n.]

Defn: To clot or coagulate, as blood. [Obs.] Holland.

CLYDESDALE Clydes"dale, n.

Defn: One of a breed of heavy draft horses originally from Clydesdale, Scotland. They are about sixteen hands high and usually brown or bay.

CLYDESDALE TERRIER Clydesdale terrier.

Defn: One of a breed of small silky-haired terriers related to, but smaller than, the Skye terrier, having smaller and perfectly erect ears.

CLYPEASTROID Clyp`e*as"troid, a. Etym: [NL. Clypeaster (L. clupeus shield + aster star) + -oid.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or related to the genus Clupeaster; -- applied to a group of flattened sea urchins, with a rosette of pores on the upper side.

CLYPEATE Clyp"e*ate, a. Etym: [L. clupeatus, p. p. of clupeare to arm with a shield, fr. clupeus, clipeus shield.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Shaped like a round buckler or shield; scutate.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Furnished with a shield, or a protective plate or shell.

CLYPEIFORM Clyp"e*i*form`, a. Etym: [L. clupeus shield + -form.]

Defn: Shield-shaped; clypeate.

CLYPEUS Clyp"e*us, n.; pl. Clypei. Etym: [L., a shield.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The frontal plate of the head of an insect.

CLYSMIAN Clys"mi*an, a. Etym: [Gr. Clyster.]

Defn: Connected with, or related to, the deluge, or to a cataclysm; as, clysmian changes. Smart.

CLYSMIC Clys"mic, a.

Defn: Washing; cleansing.

CLYSTER Clys"ter, n. Etym: [L., fr. G. hlutrs pure, G. lauter: cf. F. clystère] (Med.)

Defn: A liquid injected into the lower intestines by means of a syringe; an injection; an enema. Clyster pipe, a tube or pipe used for injections.

CLYTIE KNOT Cly"tie knot.

Defn: In hair dressing, a loose, low coil at the back of the head, like the knot on the head of the bust of Clytie by G. F. Watts.

CNEMIAL Cne"mi*al, a. Etym: [Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to the shin bone. Cnemial crest, a crestlike prominence on the proximal end of the tibia of birds and some reptiles.

CNIDA Cni"da, n.; pl. Cnidæ. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the peculiar stinging, cells found in Coelenterata; a nematocyst; a lasso cell.

CNIDARIA Cni*da"ri*a, n., pl. Etym: [NL. See Cnida.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A comprehensive group equivalent to the true Coelenterata, i.e., exclusive of the sponges. They are so named from presence of stinging cells (cnidae) in the tissues. See Coelenterata.

CNIDOBLAST Cni"do*blast, n. Etym: [Cnida + -blast.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the cells which, in the Coelenterata, develop into cnidæ.

CNIDOCIL Cni"do*cil, n. Etym: [Cnida + cilium eyelash.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The fine filiform process of a cnidoblast.

CO- Co- (.

Defn: A form of the prefix com-, signifying with, together, in conjunction, joint. It is used before vowels and some consonants. See Com-.

COACERVATE Co`a*cer"vate, a. Etym: [L. coacervatus, p. p. of coacervare to heap up; co- + acervare. See Acervate.]

Defn: Raised into a pile; collected into a crowd; heaped. [R.] Bacon.

COACERVATE Co`a*cer"vate, v. t.

Defn: To heap up; to pile. [R.]

COACERVATION Co*ac`er*va"tion, n. Etym: [L. coacervatio.]

Defn: A heaping together. [R.] Bacon.

COACH Coach (; 224), n. Etym: [F. coche, fr. It. cocchio, dim. of cocca little boat, fr. L. concha mussel, mussel shell, Gr. çankha. Cf. Conch, Cockboat, Cockle.]

1. A large, closed, four-wheeled carriage, having doors in the sides, and generally a front and back seat inside, each for two persons, and an elevated outside seat in front for the driver.

Note: Coaches have a variety of forms, and differ in respect to the number of persons they can carry. Mail coaches and tallyho coaches often have three or more seats inside, each for two or three persons, and seats outside, sometimes for twelve or more.

2. A special tutor who assists in preparing a student for examination; a trainer; esp. one who trains a boat's crew for a race. [Colloq.] Wareham was studying for India with a Wancester coach. G. Eliot.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: A cabin on the after part of the quarterdeck, usually occupied by the captain. [Written also couch.] [Obs.] The commanders came on board and the council sat in the coach. Pepys.

4. (Railroad)

Defn: A first-class passenger car, as distinguished from a drawing- room car, sleeping car, etc. It is sometimes loosely applied to any passenger car.

COACH Coach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coached; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaching.]

1. To convey in a coach. Pope.

2. To prepare for public examination by private instruction; to train by special instruction. [Colloq.] I coached him before he got his scholarship. G. Eliot.

COACH Coach, v. i.

Defn: To drive or to ride in a coach; -- sometimes used with it. [Colloq.] "Coaching it to all quarters." E. Waterhouse.

COACHBOX Coach"box`.

Defn: The seat of a coachman.

COACHDOG Coach"dog`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of a breed of dogs trained to accompany carriages; the Dalmatian dog.

COACHEE Coach"ee, n.

Defn: A coachman [Slang]

COACHER Coach"er, n.

1. A coachman. [Obs.]

2. A coach horse.

3. One who coaches; specif. (Baseball),

Defn: one of the side at the bat posted near first or third base to direct a base runner.

COACHFELLOW Coach"fel`low, n.

Defn: One of a pair of horses employed to draw a coach; hence (Fig.), a comrade. Shak.

COACHMAN Coach"man, n.; pl. Coachmen.

1. A man whose business is to drive a coach or carriage.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A tropical fish of the Atlantic ocean (Dutes auriga); -- called also charioteer. The name refers to a long, lashlike spine of the dorsal fin.

COACHMANSHIP Coach"man*ship, n.

Defn: Skill in driving a coach.

COACHWHIP SNAKE Coach"whip` snake". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, slender, harmless snake of the southern United States (Masticophis flagelliformis).

Note: Its long and tapering tail has the scales so arranged and colored as to give it a braided appearance, whence the name.

COACT Co*act", v. t. Etym: [L. coactare, intens. fr. cogere, coactum, to force. See Cogent.]

Defn: To force; to compel; to drive. [Obs.] The faith and service of Christ ought to be voluntary and not coacted. Foxe.

COACT Co*act", v. i. Etym: [Pref. co- + act, v.i.]

Defn: To act together; to work in concert; to unite. [Obs.] But if I tell you how these two did coact. Shak.

COACTION Co*ac"tion, n. Etym: [L. coactio.]

Defn: Force; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling. Sojth.

COACTIVE Co*ac"tive, a. Etym: [In sense 1, fr. 1st Coact; in sense 2, fr. 2d Coact.]

1. Serving to compel or constrain; compulsory; restrictive. Any coactive power or the civil kind. Bp. Warburton.

2. Acting in concurrence; united in action. With what's unreal thou coactive art. Shak.

COACTIVELY Co*ac"tive*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coactive manner.

COACTIVITY Co`ac*tiv"i*ty, n.

Defn: Unity of action.

COADAPTATION Co*ad`ap*ta"tion, n.

Defn: Mutual adaption. R. Owen.

COADAPTED Co`a*dapt"ed, a.

Defn: Adapted one to another; as, coadapted pulp and tooth. R. Owen.

COADJUMENT Co*ad"ju*ment, n.

Defn: Mutual help; coöperation. [R.] Johnson.

COADJUST Co`ad*just", v. t.

Defn: To adjust by mutual adaptations. R. Owen.

COADJUSTMENT Co`ad*just"ment, n.

Defn: Mutual adjustment.

COADJUTANT Co*ad"ju*tant, a.

Defn: Mutually assisting or operating; helping. J. Philips.

COADJUTANT Co*ad"ju*tant, n.

Defn: An assistant. R. North.

COADJUTING Co*ad"ju*ting, a.

Defn: Mutually assisting. [Obs.] Drayton.

COADJUTIVE Co*ad"ju*tive, a.

Defn: Rendering mutual aid; coadjutant. Feltham.

COADJUTOR Co`ad*ju"tor, n. Etym: [L. See Co-, and Aid.]

1. One who aids another; an assistant; a coworker. Craftily outwitting her perjured coadjutor. Sheridan.

2. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: The assistant of a bishop or of a priest holding a benefice.

COADJUTORSHIP Co`ad*ju"tor*ship, n.

Defn: The state or office of a coadjutor; joint assistance. Pope.

COADJUTRESS; COADJUTRIX Co`ad*ju"tress, Co`ad*ju"trix, n.

Defn: A female coadjutor or assistant. Holland. Smollett.

COADJUVANCY Co*ad"ju*van*cy, n.

Defn: Joint help; coöperation. Sir T. Browne.

COADJUVANT Co*ad"ju*vant, a.

Defn: Coöperating.

COADJUVANT Co*ad"ju*vant, n. (Med.)

Defn: An adjuvant.

COADUNATE Co*ad"u*nate, a. Etym: [L. coadunatus, p. p. of coadunare to unite. See Adunation.] (Bot.)

Defn: United at the base, as contiguous lobes of a leaf.

COADUNATION Co*ad`u*na"tion, n. Etym: [L. coadunatio.]

Defn: Union, as in one body or mass; unity. Jer. Taylor. The coadunation of all the civilized provinces. Coleridge.

COADUNITION Co*ad`u*ni"tion, n. Etym: [Pref. co- + pref. ad- + unition.]

Defn: Coadunation. [R.] Sir M. Hale.

COADVENTURE Co`ad*ven"ture, n.

Defn: An adventure in which two or more persons are partakers.

COADVENTURE Co`ad*ven"ture, v. i.

Defn: To share in a venture. Howell.

COADVENTURER Co`ad*ven"tur*er, n.

Defn: A fellow adventurer.

COAFFOREST Co`af*for"est, v. t.

Defn: To convert into, or add to, a forest. Howell.

COAG Coag, n.

Defn: See Coak, a kind of tenon.

COAGENCY Co*a"gen*cy, n.

Defn: Agency in common; joint agency or agent. Coleridge.

COAGENT Co*a"gent, n.

Defn: An associate in an act; a coworker. Drayton.

COAGMENT Co`ag*ment", v. t. Etym: [L. coagmentare, fr. coagmentum a joining together, fr. cogere. See Cogent.]

Defn: To join together. [Obs.] Glanvill.

COAGMENTATION Co*ag`men*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coagmentatio.]

Defn: The act of joining, or the state of being joined, together; union. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

COAGULABILITY Co*ag`u*la*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being coagulable; capacity of being coagulated. Ure.

COAGULABLE Co*ag"u*la*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being coagulated. Boyle.

COAGULANT Co*ag"u*lant, n. Etym: [L. coagulans, p. pr.]

Defn: That which produces coagulation.

COAGULATE Co*ag"u*late, a. Etym: [L. coagulatus, p. p. of coagulare to coagulate, fr. coagulum means of coagulation, fr. cogere, coactum, to drive together, coagulate. See Cogent.]

Defn: Coagulated. [Obs.] Shak.

COAGULATE Co*ag"u*late, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coagulated; p. pr. & vb. n. Coagulating.]

Defn: To cause (a liquid) to change into a curdlike or semisolid state, not by evaporation but by some kind of chemical reaction; to curdle; as, rennet coagulates milk; heat coagulates the white of an egg.

COAGULATE Co*ag"u*late, v. i.

Defn: To undergo coagulation. Boyle.

Syn. -- To thicken; concrete; curdle; clot; congeal.

COAGULATED Co*ag"u*la`ted, a.

Defn: Changed into, or contained in, a coagulum or a curdlike mass; curdled. Coagulated proteid (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies formed in the coagulation of a albuminous substance by heat, acids, or other agents.

COAGULATION Co*ag`u*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. coagulatio.]

1. The change from a liquid to a thickened, curdlike, insoluble state, not by evaporation, but by some kind of chemical reaction; as, the spontaneous coagulation of freshly drawn blood; the coagulation of milk by rennet, or acid, and the coagulation of egg albumin by heat. Coagulation is generally the change of an albuminous body into an insoluble modification.

2. The substance or body formed by coagulation.

COAGULATIVE Co*ag"u*la*tive, a.

Defn: Having the power to cause coagulation; as, a coagulative agent. Boyle.

COAGULATOR Co*ag"u*la`tor, n.

Defn: That which causes coagulation. Hixley.

COAGULATORY Co*ag"u*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Serving to coagulate; produced by coagulation; as, coagulatory effects. Boyle.

COAGULUM Co*ag"u*lum, n.; pl. Coagula. Etym: [L. See Coagulate, a.]

Defn: The thick, curdy precipitate formed by the coagulation of albuminous matter; any mass of coagulated matter, as a clot of bloot.

COAITA Co*ai"ta, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The native name of certain South American monkeys of the genus Ateles, esp. A. paniscus. The black-faced coaita is Ateles ater. See Illustration in Appendix.

COAK Coak, n.

Defn: See Coke, n.

COAK Coak, n.

1. (Carp.)

Defn: A kind of tenon connecting the face of a scarfed timber with the face of another timber, or a dowel or pin of hard wood or iron uniting timbers. [Also spelt coag.]

2. A metallic bushing or strengthening piece in the center of a wooden block sheve.

COAK Coak, v. t. (Carp.)

Defn: To unite, as timbers, by means of tenons or dowels in the edges or face. Totten.

COAL Coal, n. Etym: [AS. col; akin to D. kool, OHG. chol, cholo, G. kohle, Icel. kol, pl., Sw. kol, Dan. kul; cf. Skr. jval to burn. Cf. Kiln, Collier.]

1. A thoroughly charred, and extinguished or still ignited, fragment from wood or other combustible substance; charcoal.

2. (Min.)

Defn: A black, or brownish black, solid, combustible substance, dug from beds or veins in the earth to be used for fuel, and consisting, like charcoal, mainly of carbon, but more compact, and often affording, when heated, a large amount of volatile matter.

Note: This word is often used adjectively, or as the first part of self-explaining compounds; as, coal-black; coal formation; coal scuttle; coal ship. etc.

Note: In England the plural coals is used, for the broken mineral coal burned in grates, etc.; as, to put coals on the fire. In the United States the singular in a collective sense is the customary usage; as, a hod of coal. Age of coal plants. See Age of Acrogens, under Acrogen. -- Anthracite or Glance coal. See Anthracite. -- Bituminous coal. See under Bituminous. -- Blind coal. See under Blind. -- Brown coal, or Lignite. See Lignite. -- Caking coal, a bituminous coal, which softens and becomes pasty or semi-viscid when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are driven off, and a coherent, grayish black, cellular mass of coke is left. -- Cannel coal, a very compact bituminous coal, of fine texture and dull luster. See Cannel coal. -- Coal bed (Geol.), a layer or stratum of mineral coal. -- Coal breaker, a structure including machines and machinery adapted for crushing, cleansing, and assorting coal. -- Coal field (Geol.), a region in which deposits of coal occur. Such regions have often a basinlike structure, and are hence called coal basins. See Basin. -- Coal gas, a variety of carbureted hydrogen, procured from bituminous coal, used in lighting streets, houses, etc., and for cooking and heating. -- Coal heaver, a man employed in carrying coal, and esp. in putting it in, and discharging it from, ships. -- Coal measures. (Geol.) (a) Strata of coal with the attendant rocks. (b) A subdivision of the carboniferous formation, between the millstone grit below and the Permian formation above, and including nearly all the workable coal beds of the world. -- Coal oil, a general name for mineral oils; petroleum. -- Coal plant (Geol.), one of the remains or impressions of plants found in the strata of the coal formation. -- Coal tar. See in the Vocabulary. -- To haul over the coals, to call to account; to scold or censure. [Colloq.] -- Wood coal. See Lignite.

COAL Coal, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coaled; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaling.]

1. To burn to charcoal; to char. [R.] Charcoal of roots, coaled into great pieces. Bacon.

2. To mark or delineate with charcoal. Camden.

3. To supply with coal; as, to coal a steamer.

COAL Coal, v. i.

Defn: To take in coal; as, the steaer coaled at Southampton.

COAL-BLACK Coal"-black, a.

Defn: As black as coal; jet black; very black. Dryden.

COALERY Coal"er*y, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Colliery.

COALESCE Co`a*lesce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coalesced; p. pr. & vb. n. Coalescing.] Etym: [L. coalescere, coalitium; co- + alescere to grow up, incho. fr. alere to nourish. See Aliment, n.]

1. To grow together; to unite by growth into one body; as, the parts separated by a wound coalesce.

2. To unite in one body or product; to combine into one body or community; as, vapors coalesce. The Jews were incapable of coalescing with other nations. Campbell. Certain combinations of ideas that, once coalescing, could not be shaken loose. De Quincey.

Syn. -- See Add.

COALESCENCE Co`a*les"cence, n.

Defn: The act or state of growing together, as similar parts; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction; the state of being united; union; concretion.

COALESCENT Co`a*les"cent, a. Etym: [L. coalescens, p. pr.]

Defn: Growing together; cohering, as in the organic cohesion of similar parts; uniting.

COALFISH Coal"fish`, n. Etym: [Named from the dark color of the back.] (Zoöl.) (a) The pollock; -- called also, coalsey, colemie, colmey, coal whiting, etc. See Pollock. (b) The beshow or candlefish of Alaska. (c) The cobia.

COALGOOSE Coal"goose`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cormorant; -- so called from its black color.

COALITE Co"a*lite, v. i. Etym: [L. coalitus, p. p. of coalescere. See Coalesce.]

Defn: To unite or coalesce. [Obs.] Let them continue to coalite. Bolingbroke.

COALITE Co"a*lite, v. t.

Defn: To cause to unite or coalesce. [Obs.] Time has by degrees blended . . . and coalited the conquered with the conquerors. Burke.

COALITION Co`a*li"tion, n. Etym: [LL. coalitio: cf. F. coalition. See Coalesce.]

1. The act of coalescing; union into a body or mass, as of separate bodies or parts; as, a coalition of atoms. Bentley.

2. A combination, for temporary purposes, of persons, parties, or states, having different interests. A coalition of the puritan and the blackleg. J. Randolph. The coalition between the religious and worldly enemies of popery. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Alliance; confederation; confederacy; league; combination; conjunction; conspiracy; union.

COALITIONER Co`a*li"tion*er, n.

Defn: A coalitionist.

COALITIONIST Co`a*li"tion*ist, n.

Defn: One who joins or promotes a coalition; one who advocates coalition.

CO-ALLY Co`-al*ly", n.; pl. Co-allies.

Defn: A joint ally. Kent.

COAL-METER Coal"-me`ter, n.

Defn: A licensed or official coal measurer in London. See Meter. Simmonds.

COALMOUSE Coal"mouse`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small species of titmouse, with a black head; the coletit.

COALPIT Coal"pit`, n.

1. A pit where coal is dug.

2. A place where charcoal is made. [U. S.]

COALSACK Coal"sack`, n. [Coal + 2d sack.] (Astron.)

Defn: Any one of the spaces in the Milky Way which are very black, owing to the nearly complete absence of stars; esp., the large space near the Southern Cross sometimes called the Black Magellanic Cloud.

COAL TAR Coal" tar`.

Defn: A thick, black, tarry liquid, obtained by the distillation of bituminous coal in the manufacture of illuminating gas; used for making printer's ink, black varnish, etc. It is a complex mixture from which many substances have been obtained, especially hydrocarbons of the benzene or aromatic series.

Note: Among its important ingredients are benzene, aniline, phenol, naphtalene, anthracene, etc., which are respectively typical of many dye stuffs, as the aniline dyes, the phthaleïns, indigo, alizarin, and many flavoring extracts whose artificial production is a matter of great commercial importance.

COAL-WHIPPER Coal"-whip`per, n.

Defn: One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship. [Eng.] Dickens.

COAL WORKS Coal" works.

Defn: A place where coal is dug, including the machinery for raising the coal.

COALY Coal"y, a. Etym: [From Coal, n.]

Defn: Pertaining to, or resembling, coal; containing coal; of the nature of coal.

COAMINGS Coam"ings, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Comb a crest.] (Naut.)

Defn: Raised pieces of wood of iron around a hatchway, skylight, or other opening in the deck, to prevent water from running bellow; esp. the fore-and-aft pieces of a hatchway frame as distinguished from the transverse head ledges. [Written also combings.]

COANNEX Co`an*nex", v. t.

Defn: To annex with something else.

COAPTATION Co`ap*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coaptatio, fr. coaptare to fit together; co- + aptare. See Aptate.]

Defn: The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other, as of a broken bone or dislocated joint.

COARCT; COARCTATE Co*arct", Co*arc"tate, v. t. Etym: [See Coarctate, a.]

1. To press together; to crowd; to straiten; to confine closely. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. To restrain; to confine. [Obs.] Ayliffe.

COARCTATE Co*arc"tate, a. Etym: [L. coarctatus, p. p. of coarctare to press together; co- + arctare to press together, from arctus, p. p. See Arctation.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pressed together; closely connected; -- applied to insects having the abdomen separated from the thorax only by a constriction. Coarctate pupa (Zoöl.), a pupa closely covered by the old larval skin, as in most Diptera.

COARCTATION Co`arc*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. coarctatio.]

1. Confinement to a narrow space. [Obs.] Bacon.

2. Pressure; that which presses. [Obs.] Ray.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A stricture or narrowing, as of a canal, cavity, or orifice.

COARSE Coarse, a. [Compar. Coarser; superl. Coarsest.] Etym: [As this word was anciently written course, or cours, it may be an abbreviation of of course, in the common manner of proceeding, common, and hence, homely, made for common domestic use, plain, rude, rough, gross, e. g., "Though the threads be course." Gascoigne. See Course.]

1. Large in bulk, or composed of large parts or particles; of inferior quality or appearance; not fine in material or close in texture; gross; thick; rough; -- opposed to fine; as, coarse sand; coarse thread; coarse cloth; coarse bread.

2. Not refined; rough; rude; unpolished; gross; indelicate; as, coarse manners; coarse language. I feel Of what coarse metal ye are molded. Shak. To copy, in my coarse English, his beautiful expressions. Dryden.

Syn. -- Large; thick; rough; gross; blunt; uncouth; unpolished; inelegant; indelicate; vulgar.

COARSE-GRAINED Coarse"-grained`, a.

Defn: Having a coarse grain or texture, as wood; hence, wanting in refinement.

COARSELY Coarse"ly, adv.

Defn: In a coarse manner; roughly; rudely; inelegantly; uncivilly; meanly.

COARSEN Coars"en, v. t.

Defn: To make coarse or vulgar; as, to coarsen one's character. [R.] Graham.

COARSENESS Coarse"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being coarse; roughness; melegance; vulgarity; grossness; as, coarseness of food, texture, manners, or language. "The coarseness of the sackcloth." Dr. H. More. Pardon the coarseness of the illustration. L'Estrange. A coarseness and vulgarity in all the proceedings. Burke.

COARTICULATION Co`ar*tic`u*la"tion, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The unoin or articulation of bones to form a joint.

CO-ASSESSOR Co`-as*sess"or, n.

Defn: A joint assessor.

COAST Coast, n. Etym: [OF. coste, F. côte, rib, hill, shore, coast, L. costa rib, side. Cf. Accost, v. t., Cutlet.]

1. The side of a thing. [Obs.] Sir I. Newton.

2. The exterior line, limit, or border of a country; frontier border. [Obs.] From the river, the river Euphrates, even to the uttermost sea, shall your coast be. Deut. xi. 24.

3. The seashore, or land near it. He sees in English ships the Holland coast. Dryden. We the Arabian coast do know At distance, when the species blow. Waller. The coast is clear, the danger is over; no enemy in sight. Dryden. Fig.: There are no obstacles. "Seeing that the coast was clear, Zelmane dismissed Musidorus." Sir P. Sidney. Coast guard. (a) A body of men originally employed along the coast to prevent smuggling; now, under the control of the admiralty, drilled as a naval reserve. [Eng.] (b) The force employed in lifesaving stations along the seacoast. [U. S.] -- Coast rat (Zoöl.), a South African mammal (Bathyergus suillus), about the size of a rabbit, remarkable for its extensive burrows; -- called also sand mole. -- Coast waiter, a customhouse officer who superintends the landing or shipping of goods for the coast trade. [Eng.]

COAST Coast, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Coasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Coasting.] Etym: [OE. costien, costeien, costen, OF. costier, costoier, F. côtoyer, fr. Of. coste coast, F. côte. See Coast, n.]

1. To draw or keep near; to approach. [Obs.] Anon she hears them chant it lustily, And all in haste she coasteth to the cry. Shak.

2. To sail by or near the shore. The ancients coasted only in their navigation. Arbuthnot.

3. To sail from port to port in the same country.

4. Etym: [Cf. OF. coste, F. côte, hill, hillside.]

Defn: To slide down hill; to slide on a sled, upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]

COAST Coast, v. t.

1. To draw near to; to approach; to keep near, or by the side of. [Obs.] Hakluyt.

2. To sail by or near; to follow the coast line of. Nearchus, . . . not knowing the compass, was fain to coast that shore. Sir T. Browne.

3. To conduct along a coast or river bank. [Obs.] The Indians . . . coasted me along the river. Hakluyt.

COASTAL Coast"al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a cast.

COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Defn: A bureau of the United States government charged with the topographic and hydrographic survey of the coast and the execution of belts of primary triangulation and lines of precise leveling in the interior. It now belongs to the Department of Commerce and Labor.

COASTER Coast"er, n.

1. A vessel employed in sailing along a coast, or engaged in the coasting trade.

2. One who sails near the shore.

COASTING Coast"ing, a.

Defn: Sailing along or near a coast, or running between ports along a coast. Coasting trade, trade carried on by water between neighboring ports of the same country, as distinguished fron foreign trade or trade involving long voyages. -- Coasting vessel, a vessel employed in coasting; a coaster.

COASTING Coast"ing, n.

1. A sailing along a coast, or from port to port; a carrying on a coasting trade.

2. Sliding down hill; sliding on a sled upon snow or ice. [Local, U. S.]

COASTWISE; COASTWAYS Coast"wise`, Coast"ways`, adv.

Defn: By way of, or along, the coast.

COAT Coat (; 110), n. Etym: [OF. cote, F. cotte, petticoat, cotte d'armes coat of arms, cotte de mailles coat of mail, LL. cota, cotta, tunic, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. chozzo coarse mantle, G. klotze, D. kot, hut, E. cot. Cf. Cot a hut.]

1. An outer garment fitting the upper part of the body; especially, such a garment worn by men. Let each His adamantine coat gird well. Milton.

2. A petticoat. [Obs.] "A child in coats." Locke.

3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the order or office; cloth. Men of his coat should be minding their prayers. Swift. She was sought by spirits of richest coat. Shak.

4. An external covering like a garment, as fur, skin, wool, husk, or bark; as, the horses coats were sleek. Fruit of all kinds, in coat Rough or smooth rined, or bearded husk, or shell. Milton.

5. A layer of any substance covering another; a cover; a tegument; as, the coats of the eye; the coats of an onion; a coat of tar or varnish.

6. Same as Coat of arms. See below. Hark, countrymen! either renew the fight, Or tear the lions out of England's coat. Shak.

7. A coat card. See below. [Obs.] Here's a trick of discarded cards of us! We were ranked with coats as long as old master lived. Massinger. Coat armor. See under Armor. -- Coat of arms (Her.), a translation of the French cotte d'armes, a garment of light material worn over the armor in the 15th and 16th centuries. This was often charged with the heraldic bearings of the wearer. Hence, an heraldic achievement; the bearings of any person, taken together. -- Coat card, a card bearing a coated figure; the king, queen, or knave of playing cards. "`I am a coat card indeed.' `Then thou must needs be a knave, for thou art neither king nor queen.'" Rowley. -- Coat link, a pair of buttons or studs joined by a link, to hold together the lappels of a double-breasted coat; or a button with a loop for a single-breasted coat. -- Coat of mail, a defensive garment of chain mail. See Chain mail, under Chain. -- Mast coat (Naut.), a piece of canvas nailed around a mast, where it passes through the deck, to prevent water from getting below. -- Sail coat (Naut.), a canvas cover laced over furled sails, and the like, to keep them dry and clean.

COAT Coat, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coated; p. pr. & vb. n. Coating.]

1. To cover with a coat or outer garment.

2. To cover with a layer of any substance; as, to coat a jar with tin foil; to coat a ceiling.

COATEE Coat*ee", n.

Defn: A coat with short flaps.

COATI Co*a"ti ( or , n. Etym: [From the native name: cf. F. coati.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A mammal of tropical America of the genus Nasua, allied to the raccoon, but with a longer body, tail, and nose.

Note: The red coati (N. socialis), called also coati mondi, inhabits Mexico and Central America. The brown coati (N. narica) is found in Surinam and Brazil.

COATING Coat"ing, n.

1. A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial.

2. Cloth for coats; as, an assortment of coatings.

COATLESS Coat"less, a.

Defn: Not wearing a coat; also, not possessing a coat.

COAX Coax (; 110), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Coaxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Coaxing.] Etym: [Cf. OE. cokes fool, a person easily imposed upon, W. coeg empty, foolish; F. coquin knave, rogue.]

Defn: To persuade by gentle, insinuating courtesy, flattering, or fondling; to wheedle; to soothe.

Syn. -- To wheedle; cajole; flatter; persuade; entice.

COAX Coax, n.

Defn: A simpleton; a dupe. [Obs.] Beau & Fl.

COAXATION Co`ax*a"tion, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act of croaking. [R] Dr. H. More.

COAXER Coax"er, n.

Defn: One who coaxes.

COAXINGLY Coax"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a coaxing manner; by coaxing.

COB Cob, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. cop, copp, head, top, D. kop, G. kopf, kuppe, LL. cuppa cup (cf. E. brainpan), and also W. cob tuft, spider, cop, copa, top, summit, cobio to thump. Cf. Cop top, Cup, n.]

1. The top or head of anything. [Obs.] W. Gifford.

2. A leader or chief; a conspicuous person, esp. a rich covetous person. [Obs.] All cobbing country chuffs, which make their bellies and their bags their god, are called rich cobs. Nash.

3. The axis on which the kernels of maize or indian corn grow. [U. S.]

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A spider; perhaps from its shape; it being round like a head.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young herring. B. Jonson.

6. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish; -- also called miller's thumb.

7. A short-legged and stout horse, esp. one used for the saddle. [Eng.]

8. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea mew or gull; esp., the black-backed gull (Larus marinus). [Written also cobb.]

9. A lump or piece of anything, usually of a somewhat large size, as of coal, or stone.

10. A cobnut; as, Kentish cobs. See Cobnut. [Eng.]

11. Clay mixed with straw. [Prov. Eng.] The poor cottager contenteth himself with cob for his walls, and thatch for his covering. R. Carew.

12. A punishment consisting of blows inflicted on the buttocks with a strap or a flat piece of wood. Wright.

13. A Spanish coin formerly current in Ireland, worth abiut 4s. 6d. [Obs.] Wright. Cob coal, coal in rounded lumps from the size of an egg to that of a football; -- called also cobbles. Grose. -- Cob loaf, a crusty, uneven loaf, rounded at top. Wright. -- Cob money, a kind of rudely coined gold and silver money of Spanish South America in the eighteenth century. The coins were of the weight of the piece of eight, or one of its aliquot parts.

COB Cob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbing.]

1. To strike [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

2. (Mining)

Defn: To break into small pieces, as ore, so as to sort out its better portions. Raymond.

3. (Naut.)

Defn: To punish by striking on the buttocks with a strap, a flat piece of wood, or the like.

COBAEA Co*bæ"a, n. Etym: [Named after D. Cobo, a Spanish botanist.]

Defn: A genus of climbing plants, native of Mexico and South America. C. scandens is a consrvatory climber with large bell-shaped flowers.

COBALT Co"balt (; 277, 74), n. Etym: [G. kobalt, prob. fr. kobold, kobel, goblin, MHG. kobolt; perh. akin to G. koben pigsty, hut, AS. cofa room, cofgodas household gods, Icel. kofi hut. If so, the ending -old stands for older -walt, -wald, being the same as -ald in E. herald and the word would mean ruler or governor in a house, house spirit, the metal being so called by miners, because it was poisonous and troublesome. Cf. Kobold, Cove, Goblin.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A tough, lustrous, reddish white metal of the iron group, not easily fusible, and somewhat magnetic. Atomic weight 59.1. Symbol Co.

Note: It occurs in nature in combination with arsenic, sulphur, and oxygen, and is obtained from its ores, smaltite, cobaltite, asbolite, etc. Its oxide colors glass or any flux, as borax, a fine blue, and is used in the manufacture of smalt. It is frequently associated with nickel, and both are characteristic ingredients of meteoric iron.

2. A commercial name of a crude arsenic used as fly poison. Cobalt bloom. Same as Erythrite. -- Cobalt blue, a dark blue pigment consisting of some salt of cobalt, as the phosphate, ignited with alumina; -- called also cobalt ultramarine, and Thenard's blue. -- Cobalt crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. -- Cobalt glance. (Min.) See Cobaltite. -- Cobalt green, a pigment consisting essentially of the oxides of cobalt and zinc; -- called also Rinman's green. -- Cobalt yellow (Chem.), a yellow crystalline powder, regarded as a double nitrite of cobalt and potassium.

COBALTIC Co*balt"ic (; 74), a. Etym: [Cf. F. cobaltique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said especially of those compounds in which cobalt has higher valence; as, cobaltic oxide. Luteo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of complex yellow compounds of ammonia and cobaltic salts. -- Roseo-cobaltic compounds (Chem.), an extensive series of complex red compounds of cobalt and ammonia. Modifications of these are the purpureo-cobaltic compounds.

COBALTIFEROUS Co`balt*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cobalt + -ferous.] (Min.)

Defn: Containing cobalt.

COBALTINE; COBALTITE Co"balt*ine, Co"balt*ite n. (Min.)

Defn: A mineral of a nearly silver-white color, composed of arsenic, sulphur, and cobalt.

COBALTOUS Co*balt"ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, cobalt; -- said esp. of cobalt compounds in which the metal has its lower valence. Cobaltous chloride, a crystalline compound, CoCl2, of a pale rose color when hydrous, blue when dehydrated. Its solution is used for a sympathetic ink, the writing being nearly colorless when dried in the air, owing to absorbed moisture, and becoming bright blue when warmed.

COBBING Cob"bing, a.

Defn: Haughty; purse-proud. See Cob, n., 2. [Obs.] Withals (1608).

COBBLE Cob"ble, n.

Defn: A fishing boat. See Coble.

COBBLE Cob"ble, n. Etym: [From Cob a lump. See Cob, n., 9, and cf. Copple, Copplestone.]

1. A cobblestone. "Their slings held cobbles round." Fairfax.

2. pl.

Defn: Cob coal. See under Cob.

COBBLE Cob"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cobbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Cobbling.] Etym: [OF. cobler, copler, to join or knit together, couple, F. coupler, L. copulare to couple, join. Cf. Couple, n. & v. t.]

1. To make or mend coarsely; to patch; to botch; as, to cobble shoes. Shak. "A cobbled saddle." Thackeray.

2. To make clumsily. "Cobbled rhymes." Dryden.

3. To pave with cobblestones.

COBBLER Cob"bler, n.

1. A mender of shoes. Addison.

2. A clumsy workman. Shak.

3. A beverage. See Sherry cobbler, under Sherry. Cobbler fish (Zoöl.), a marine fish (Blepharis crinitus) of the Atlantic. The name alludes to its threadlike fin rays.

COBBLESTONE Cob"ble*stone`, n.

Defn: A large pebble; a rounded stone not too large to be handled; a small boulder; -- used for paving streets and for other purposes.

COBBY Cob"by, a. Etym: [From Cob, n.]

1. Headstrong; obstinate. [Obs.] Brockett.

2. Stout; hearty; lively. [Obs.]

COBELLIGERENT Co`bel*lig"er*ent, a.

Defn: Carryng on war in conjunction with another power.

COBELLIGERENT Co`bel*lig"er*ent, n.

Defn: A nation or state that carries on war in connection with another.

COBIA Co"bi*a, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An oceanic fish of large size (Elacate canada); the crabeater; -- called also bonito, cubbyyew, coalfish, and sergeant fish.

COBIRON Cob"i`ron, n. Etym: [From Cob the top.]

Defn: An andiron with a knob at the top. Bacon.

COBISHOP Co`bish"op, n.

Defn: A joint or coadjutant bishop. Ayliffe.

COBLE Co"ble, n. Etym: [AS. cuopel; cf. W. ceubal skiff, ferryboat.]

Defn: A flat-floored fishing boat with a lug sail, and a drop rudder extending from two to four feet below the keel. It was originally used on the stormy coast of Yorkshire, England.

COBNUT Cob"nut`, n.

1. (Com.)

Defn: A large roundish variety of the cultivated hazelnut.

2. A game played by children with nuts.

COBOOSE Co*boose", n.

Defn: See Caboose.

COBOURG Co"bourg, n. Etym: [Named from the town of Coburg in Germany.]

Defn: A thin worsted fabric for women's dresses.

COBRA Co"bra, n.

Defn: See Copra.

COBRA Co"bra, n.

Defn: The cobra de capello.

COBRA DE CAPELLO Co"bra de ca*pel"lo. Etym: [Pg., serpent of the hood.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The hooded snake (Naia tripudians), a highly venomous serpent inhabiting India.

COBSTONE Cob"stone`, n.

Defn: Cobblestone. [Prov. Eng.]

COBSWAN Cob"swan`, n.

Defn: A large swan. B. Jonson.

COBWALL Cob"wall`, n. Etym: [Cob clay mixed with straw + wall.]

Defn: A wall made of clay mixed with straw.

COBWEB Cob"web`, n. Etym: [Cob a spider + web.]

1. The network spread by a spider to catch its prey.

2. A snare of insidious meshes designed to catch the ignorant and unwary. I can not but lament thy splendid wit Entangled in the cobwebs of the schools. Cowper.

3. That which is thin and unsubstantial, or flimsy and worthless; rubbish. The dust and cobwebs of that uncivil age. Sir P. Sidney.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European spotted flycatcher. Cobweb lawn, a fine linen, mentioned in 1640 as being in pieces of fifteen yards. Beck. Draper's Dict. Such a proud piece of cobweb lawn. Beau. & Fl. Cobweb micrometer, a micrometer in which threads of cobwed are substituted for wires.

COBWEBBED Cob"webbed`, a.

Defn: Abounding in cobwebs. "The cobwebbed cottage." Young.

COBWEBBY Cob"web`by, a.

Defn: Abounding in cobwebs, or any fine web; resembling a cobweb.

COBWORK Cob"work`, a.

Defn: Built of logs, etc., laid horizontally, with the ends dovetailed together at the corners, as in a log house; in marine work, often surrounding a central space filled with stones; as, a cobwork dock or breakwater.

COCA Co"ca, n. Etym: [Sp., fr. native name.]

Defn: The dried leaf of a South American shrub (Erythroxylon Coca). In med., called Erythroxylon.

Note: Coca leaves resemble tea leaves in size, shape, and odor, and are chewed (with an alkali) by natives of Peru and Bolivia to impart vigor in prolonged exertion, or to sustain strength in absence of food. Mexican coca, an American herb (Richardsonia scabra), yielding a nutritious fodder. Its roots are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha.

COCAGNE Coc*agne", n. Etym: [F. cocagne, pays de cocagne; of uncertian origin, cf. Prov. F. couque cake, Catal. coca, L. coquere to cook; as if the houses in this country were covered with cakes. Cf. Cook, Cockney.]

1. An imaginary country of idleness and luxury.

2. The land of cockneys; cockneydom; -- a term applied to London and its suburbs. Smart.

COCAINE Co"ca*ine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A powerful alkaloid, C17H21NO4, obtained from the leaves of coca. It is a bitter, white, crystalline substance, and is remarkable for producing local insensibility to pain.

COCAINISM Co*ca"in*ism, n. (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition produced by the habitual and excessive use of cocaine. -- Co*ca"in*ist, n.

COCAINIZE Co*ca"in*ize, v. t.

Defn: To treat or anæsthetize with cocaine. -- Co*ca`in*i*za"tion (#), n.

COCCIFEROUS Coc*cif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. coccum a berry + -ferous. See Coccus.]

Defn: Bearing or producing berries; bacciferous; as, cocciferrous trees or plants.

COCCINELLA Coc`ci*nel"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. coccineus scarlet-colored. See Cochoneal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of small beetles of many species. They and their larvæ feed on aphids or plant lice, and hence are of great benefit to man. Also called ladybirds and ladybugs.

COCCOBACTERIUM Coc`co*bac*te"ri*um, n.; pl. Coccobacteria. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. bacterium. So called from its round shape.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of the round variety of bacteria, a vegetable organism, generally less than a thousandth of a millimeter in diameter.

COCCOLITE Coc"co*lite, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite: cf. F. coccalite.] (Min.)

Defn: A granular variety of pyroxene, green or white in color.

COCCOLITH Coc"co*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lith.] (Biol.)

Defn: One of a kind of minute, calcareous bodies, probably vegetable, often abundant in deep-sea mud.

COCCOSPHERE Coc"co*sphere, n. Etym: [Gr. sphere.] (Biol.)

Defn: A small, rounded, marine organism, capable of braking up into coccoliths.

COCCOSTEUS Coc*cos"te*us, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: An extinct genus of Devonian ganoid fishes, having the broad plates about the head studded with berrylike tubercles.

COCCULUS INDICUS Coc"cu*lus In"di*cus, n. Etym: [NL. cocculus (dim. of L. coccum kermes berry) + L. Indicus of India.] (Bot.)

Defn: The fruit or berry of the Anamirta Cocculus, a climbing plant of the East Indies. It is a poisonous narcotic and stimulant.

COCCUS Coc"cus, n.; pl. Cocci. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Cochineal.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: One of the separable carpels of a dry fruit.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of hemipterous insects, including scale insects, and the cochineal insect (Coccus cacti).

3. (Biol.)

Defn: A form of bacteria, shaped like a globule.

COCCYGEAL Coc*cyg"e*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the coccyx; as, the coccygeal vertebræ. Coccygeal glands (Zoöl.) , glands situated at the base of the tail of birds. They secrete the oil with which the plumage is dressed.

COCCYGEOUS Coc*cyg"e*ous, a.

Defn: Coccygeal. [R.]

COCCYX Coc"cyx, n.; pl. L. Coccyges. Etym: [L., cuckoo, Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: The end of the vertebral column beyond the sacrum in man and tailless monkeys. It is composed of several vertebræ more or less consolidated.

COCHINEAL Coch"i*neal, Etym: [Sp. cochinilla, dim. from L. coccineus, coccinus, scarlet, fr. coccum the kermes berry, G. Quercus coccifera; but cf. also Sp. cochinilla wood louse, dim. of cochina sow, akin to F. cochon pig.]

Defn: A dyestuff consisting of the dried bodies of females of the Coccus cacti, an insect native in Mexico, Central America, etc., and found on several species of cactus, esp. Opuntia cochinellifera.

Note: These insects are gathered from the plant, killed by the application of heat, and exposed to the sun to dry. When dried they resemble small, rough berries or seeds, of a brown or purple color, and form the cochineal of the shops, which is used for making carmine, and also as a red dye.

Note: Cochineal contains as its essential coloring matter carminic acid, a purple red amorphous substance which yields carmine red.

COCHINEAL FIG Coch"i*neal fig, (Bot.)

Defn: A plant of Central and Southern Anerica, of the Cactus familly, extensively cultivated for the sake of the cochineal insect, which lives on it.

COCHIN FOWL Co"chin fowl`, (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large variety of the domestic fowl, originally from Cochin China (Anam).

COCHLEA Coch"le*a, n. Etym: [L., a snail, or snail shell, Gr. (Anat.)

Defn: An appendage of the labyrinth of the internal ear, which is elongated and coiled into a spiral in mammals. See Ear.

COCHLEAR Coch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the cochlea.