Chapter C: G. T (8)

CIRRHOSIS Cir*rho"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. cirrhose. So called from the yellowish appearance which the diseased liver often presents when cut.] (Med.)

Defn: A disease of the liver in which it usually becomes smaller in size and more dense and fibrous in consistence; hence sometimes applied to similar changes in other organs, caused by increase in the fibrous framework and decrease in the proper substance of the organ.

CIRRHOTIC Cir*rhot"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, caused by, or affected with, cirrhosis; as, cirrhotic degeneration; a cirrhotic liver.

CIRRHOUS Cir"rhous, a.

Defn: See Cirrose.

CIRRHUS Cir"rhus, n.

Defn: Same as Cirrus.

CIRRI Cir"ri, n. pl.

Defn: See Cirrus.

CIRRIFEROUS Cir*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -ferous.]

Defn: Bearing cirri, as many plants and animals.

CIRRIFORM Cir"ri*form, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -form.] (Biol.)

Defn: Formed like a cirrus or tendril; -- said of appendages of both animals and plants.

CIRRIGEROUS Cir*rig"er*ous, a. Etym: [Cirrus + -gerous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having curled locks of hair; supporting cirri, or hairlike appendages.

CIRRIGRADE Cir"ri*grade, a. Etym: [Cirrus + L. gradi to walk.] (Biol.)

Defn: Moving or moved by cirri, or hairlike appendages.

CIRRIPED Cir"ri*ped, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Cirripedia.

CIRRIPEDIA Cir`ri*pe"di*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. cirrus curl + pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Crustacea including the barnacles. When adult, they have a calcareous shell composed of several pieces. From the opening of the shell the animal throws out a group of curved legs, looking like a delicate curl, whence the name of the group. See Anatifa.

CIRROBRANCHIATA Cir`ro*bran`chi*a"ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. cirrus + L. branchiae gills.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Mollusca having slender, cirriform appendages near the mouth; the Scaphopoda.

CIRRO-CUMULUS Cir`ro-cu"mu*lus, n. Etym: [Cirrus + cumulus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: See under Cloud.

CIRROSE Cir"rose, a. Etym: [See Cirrus.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing a tendril or tendrils; as, a cirrose leaf. (b) Resembling a tendril or cirrus. [Spelt also cirrhose.]

CIRROSTOMI Cir`ros"to*mi, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. E. cirrus + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The lowest group of vertebrates; -- so called from the cirri around the mouth; the Leptocardia. See Amphioxus.

CIRRO-STRATUS Cir`ro-stra"tus, n. Etym: [Cirrus + stratus.] (Meteor.)

Defn: See under Cloud.

CIRROUS Cir"rous, a.

1. (Bot.)

Defn: Cirrose.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Tufted; -- said of certain feathers of birds.

CIRRUS Cir"rus, n.; pl. Cirri. Etym: [L., lock, curl, ringlet.] [Also written cirrhus.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: A tendril or clasper.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A soft tactile appendage of the mantle of many Mollusca, and of the parapodia of Annelida. Those near the head of annelids are Tentacular cirri; those of the last segment are caudal cirri. (b) The jointed, leglike organs of Cirripedia. See Annelida, and Polychæta.

Note: In some of the inferior animals the cirri aid in locomotion; in others they are used in feeding; in the Annelida they are mostly organs of touch. Some cirri are branchial in function.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The external male organ of trematodes and some other worms, and of certain Mollusca.

4. (Meteor.)

Defn: See under Cloud.

CIRSOCELE Cir"so*cele, n. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: The varicose dilatation of the spermatic vein.

CIRSOID Cir"soid, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid.] (Med.)

Defn: Varicose. Cirsoid aneurism, a disease of an artery in which it becomes dilated and elongated, like a varicose vein.

CIRSOTOMY Cir*sot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. (Surg.)

Defn: Any operation for the removal of varices by incision. Dunglison.

CIS- Cis-.

Defn: A Latin preposition, sometimes used as a prefix in English words, and signifying on this side.

CISALPINE Cis*al"pine, a. Etym: [L. Cisalpinus; cis on this side + Alpinus Alpine.]

Defn: On the hither side of the Alps with reference to Rome, that is, on the south side of the Alps; -- opposed to transalpine.

CISATLANTIC Cis`at*lan"tic, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + Atlantic.]

Defn: On this side of the Atlantic Ocean; -- used of the eastern or the western side, according to the standpoint of the writer. Story.

CISCO Cis"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Lake herring (Coregonus Artedi), valuable food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to C. Hoyi, a related species of Lake Michigan.

CISELURE Ci`se*lure", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: The process of chasing on metals; also, the work thus chased. Weale.

CISLEITHAN Cis*lei"than, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + Leitha.]

Defn: On the Austrian side of the river Leitha; Austrian.

CISMONTANE Cis*mon"tane, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + L. mons mountain.]

Defn: On this side of the mountains. See under Ultramontane.

CISPADANE Cis"pa*dane`, a. Etym: [Pref. cis- + L. Padanus, pert. to the Padus or Po.]

Defn: On the hither side of the river Po with reference to Rome; that is, on the south side.

CISSOID Cis"soid, n. Etym: [Gr. (Geom.)

Defn: A curve invented by Diocles, for the purpose of solving two celebrated problems of the higher geometry; viz., to trisect a plane angle, and to construct two geometrical means between two given straight lines.

CIST Cist, n. Etym: [L. cista box, chest, Gr. Chest.]

1. (Antiq.)

Defn: A box or chest. Specifically: (a) A bronze receptacle, round or oval, frequently decorated with engravings on the sides and cover, and with feet, handles, etc., of decorative castings. (b) A cinerary urn. See Illustration in Appendix.

2. See Cyst.

CISTED Cist"ed, a.

Defn: Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted.

CISTERCIAN Cis*ter"cian, n. Etym: [LL. Cistercium. F. Cîteaux, a convent not far from Dijon, in France: cf. F. cistercien.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A monk of the prolific branch of the Benedictine Order, established in 1098 at Cîteaux, in France, by Robert, abbot of Molesme. For two hundred years the Cistercians followed the rule of St. Benedict in all its rigor. -- a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Cistercians.

CISTERN Cis"tern, n. Etym: [OE. cisterne, OF. cisterne, F. cisterne, fr. L. cisterna, fr. cista box, chest. See Cist, and cf. chest.]

1. An artificial reservoir or tank for holding water, beer, or other liquids.

2. A natural reservoir; a hollow place containing water. "The wide cisterns of the lakes." Blackmore.

CISTIC Cist"ic, a.

Defn: See Cystic.

CIT Cit (, n. Etym: [Contr. fr. citizen.]

Defn: A citizen; an inhabitant of a city; a pert townsman; -- used contemptuously. "Insulted as a cit". Johnson Which past endurance sting the tender cit. Emerson.

CITABLE Cit"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being cited.

CITADEL Cit"a*del, n. Etym: [F. citadelle, It. citadella, dicitt city, fr. L. civitas. See City.]

Defn: A fortress in or near a fortified city, commanding the city and fortifications, and intended as a final point of defense. Syn. - Stronghold. See Fortress.

CITAL Cit"al, n. Etym: [From Cite]

1. Summons to appear, as before a judge. [R.] Johnson

2. Citation; quotation [R.] Johnson.

CITATION Ci*ta"tion, n. Etym: [F. citation, LL. citatio, fr.L. citare to cite. See Cite]

1. An official summons or notice given to a person to appear; the paper containing such summons or notice.

2. The act of citing a passage from a book, or from another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words quoted; quotation. This horse load of citations and fathers. Milton.

3. Enumeration; mention; as, a citation of facts.

4. (Law)

Defn: A reference to decided cases, or books of authority, to prove a point in law.

CITATOR Ci*ta"tor, n.

Defn: One who cites. [R]

CITATORY Ci"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [LL. citatirius.]

Defn: Having the power or form of a citation; as, letters citatory.

CITE Cite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Cited; p. pr. & vb. n. Citing] Etym: [F. citer, fr. L. citare, intens. of cire, ciere, to put in motion, to excite; akin to Gr.

1. To call upon officially or authoritatively to appear, as before a court; to summon. The cited dead, Of all past ages, to the general doom Shall hasten. Milton. Cited by finger of God. De Quincey.

2. To urge; to enjoin. [R.] Shak.

3. To quote; to repeat, as a passage from a book, or the words of another. The devil can cite Scripture for his purpose. Shak.

4. To refer to or specify, as for support, proof, illustration, or confirmation. The imperfections which you have cited. Shak.

5. To bespeak; to indicate. [Obs.] Aged honor cites a virtuous youth. Shak.

6. (Law)

Defn: To notify of a proceeding in court. Abbot

Syn. -- To quote; mention, name; refer to; adduce; select; call; summon. See Quote.

CITER Cit"er, n.

Defn: One who cites.

CITESS Cit"ess, n. Etym: [From Cit.]

Defn: A city woman [R.]

CITHARA Cith"a*ra, n. Etym: [L. Cf. Cittern, Guitar.] (Mus.)

Defn: An ancient instrument resembling the harp.

CITHARISTIC Cith`a*ris"tic, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Pertaining, or adapted, to the cithara.

CITHERN Cith"ern, n.

Defn: See Cittern.

CITICISM Cit"i*cism, n. Etym: [From cit.]

Defn: The manners of a cit or citizen.

CITIED Cit"ied, a.

1. Belonging to, or resembling, a city. "Smoky, citied towns" [R.] Drayton.

2. Containing, or covered with, cities. [R.] "The citied earth." Keats.

CITIFIED Cit"i*fied, a. Etym: [City +-fy.]

Defn: Aping, or having, the manners of a city.

CITIGRADAE Cit`i*gra"dæ, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. citus swift (p. p. of cire, ciere, to move) + gradi to walk. See Cite.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A suborder of Arachnoidea, including the European tarantula and the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and their allies, which capture their prey by rapidly running and jumping. See Wolf spider.

CITIGRADE Cit"i*grade, a. Etym: [Cf. F. citigrade.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to the Citigradæ. -- n.

Defn: One of the Citigradæ.

CITINER Cit"i*ner, n.

Defn: One who is born or bred in a city; a citizen. [Obs.] Champan.

CITIZEN Cit"i*zen, n. Etym: [OE. citisein, OF. citeain, F. citoyen, fr. cité city. See City, and cf. Cit.]

1. One who enjoys the freedom and privileges of a city; a freeman of a city, as distinguished from a foreigner, or one not entitled to its franchises. That large body of the working men who were not counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their stomachs. G. Eliot.

2. An inhabitant of a city; a townsman. Shak.

3. A person, native or naturalized, of either sex, who owes allegiance to a government, and is entitled to reciprocal protection from it.

Note: This protection is . . . national protection, recognition of the individual, in the face of foreign nations, as a member of the state, and assertion of his security and rights abroad as well as at home. Abbot

4. One who is domiciled in a country, and who is a citizen, though neither native nor naturalized, in such a sense that he takes his legal status from such country.

CITIZEN Cit"i*zen, a.

1. Having the condition or qualities of a citizen, or of citizens; as, a citizen soldiery.

2. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a city; characteristic of citizens; effeminate; luxurious. [Obs.] I am not well, But not so citizen a wanton as To seem to die ere sick. Shak.

CITIZENESS Cit"i*zen*ess, n.

Defn: A female citizen. [R.]

CITIZENSHIP Cit"i*zen*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being a citizen; the status of a citizen.

CITOLE Cit"ole, n. Etym: [OF. citole, fr. L. cithara. See Cittern.] (Mus.)

Defn: A musical instrument; a kind of dulcimer. [Obs.]

CITRACONIC Cit`ra*con"ic, a. Etym: [Citric + aconitic.]

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or having certain characteristics of, citric and aconitic acids. Citraconic acid (Chem.), a white, crystalline, deliquescent substance, C3H4(CO2H)2, obtained by distillation of citric acid. It is a compound of the ethylene series.

CITRANGE Cit"range, n. [Citrus + orange.]

Defn: A citrous fruit produced by a cross between the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange (Citrus trifoliata). It is more acid and has a more pronounced aroma than the orange; the tree is hardier. There are several varieties.

CITRATE Cit"rate, n. Etym: [From Citric.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of citric acid.

CITRIC Cit"ric, a. Etym: [Cf. F. citrique. See Citron.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, the citron or lemon; as, citric acid. Citric acid (Chem.), an organic acid, C3H4OH.(CO2H)3, extracted from lemons, currants, gooseberies, etc., as a white crystalline substance, having a pleasant sour taste.

CITRINATION Cit`ri*na"tion, n. Etym: [See Citrine.]

Defn: The process by which anything becomes of the color of a lemon; esp., in alchemy, the state of perfection in the philosopher's stone indicated by its assuming a deep yellow color. Thynne.

CITRINE Cit"rine, a. Etym: [F. citrin. See Citron.]

Defn: Like a citron or lemon; of a lemon color; greenish yellow. Citrine ointment (Med.), a yellowish mercurial ointment, the unquentum hydrargyri nitratis.

CITRINE Cit"rine, n.

Defn: A yellow, pellucid variety of quartz.

CITRON Cit"ron, n. Etym: [F. citron, LL. citro, fr. L. citrus citron tree (cf. citreum, sc. malum, a citron), from Gr.

1. (Bot)

Defn: A fruit resembling a lemon, but larger, and pleasantly aromatic. The thick rind, when candied, is the citron of commerce.

2. A citron tree.

3. A citron melon. Citron melon. (a) A small variety of muskmelon with sugary greenish flesh. (b) A small variety of watermelon, whose solid white flesh is used in making sweetmeats and preserves. -- Citron tree (Bot.), the tree which bears citrons. It was probably a native of northern India, and is now understood to be the typical form of Citrus Medica.

CITRUS Cit"rus, n. Etym: [L., a citron tree.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of trees including the orange, lemon, citron, etc., originally natives of southern Asia.

CITTERN Cit"tern, n. Etym: [L.cithara, Gr. Cithara, Gittern.] (Mus.)

Defn: An instrument shaped like a lute, but strung with wire and played with a quill or plectrum. [Written also cithern.] Shak.

Note: Not to be confounded with zither.

CITTERN-HEAD Cit"tern-head`, n.

Defn: Blockhead; dunce; -- so called because the handle of a cittern usually ended with a carved head. Marsion

CITY Cit"y (, n.; pl. Cities. Etym: [OE. cite, F. citcivitas citizenship, state, city, fr. civis citizen; akin to Goth. heiwa (in heiwafrauja man of the house), AS. heirath marriage, prop., providing a house, E. hind a peasant.]

1. A large town.

2. A corporate town; in the United States, a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorporated and governed by a mayor and aldermen or a city council consisting of a board of aldermen and a common council; in Great Britain, a town corporate, which is or has been the seat of a bishop, or the capital of his see. A city is a town incorporated; which is, or has been, the see of a bishop; and though the bishopric has been dissolved, as at Westminster, it yet remaineth a city. Blackstone When Gorges constituted York a city, he of course meant it to be the seat of a bishop, for the word city has no other meaning in English law. Palfrey

3. The collective body of citizens, or inhabitants of a city. "What is the city but the people" Shak.

Syn. -- See Village.

CITY Cit"y, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a city. Shak. City council. See under Council. -- City court, The municipal court of a city. [U. S.] -- City ward, a watchman, or the collective watchmen, of a city. [Obs.] Fairfax.

CIVE Cive, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Chive.

CIVET Civ"et, n. Etym: [F. civette (cf. It. zibetto) civet, civet cat, fr. LGr. zub, zab, civet.]

1. A substance, of the consistence of butter or honey, taken from glands in the anal pouch of the civet (Viverra civetta). It is of clear yellowish or brownish color, of a strong, musky odor, offensive when undiluted, but agreeble when a small portion is mixed with another substance. It is used as a perfume.

2. (Zoöl)

Defn: The animal that produces civet (Viverra civetta); -- called also civet cat. It is carnivorous, from two to three feet long, and of a brownish gray color, with transverse black bands and spots on the body and tail. It is a native of northern Africa and of Asia. The name is also applied to other species.

CIVET Civ"et, v. t.

Defn: To scent or perfume with civet. Cowper

CIVIC Civ"ic, a. Etym: [L.civicus, fr. civis citizen. See City.]

Defn: Relating to, or derived from, a city or citizen; relating to man as a member of society, or to civil affairs. Civic crown (Rom. Antiq.), a crown or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.

CIVICISM Civ"i*cism, n.

Defn: The principle of civil government.

CIVICS Civ"ics, n.

Defn: The science of civil government.

CIVIL Civ"il, a. Etym: [L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil. See City.]

1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city or state.

2. Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not barbarous; -- said of the community. England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but even the other day since England grew civil. Spenser.

3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to government; -- said of an individual. Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others; they come within a step or two of heaven. Preston

4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous; complaisant; affable.

Note: "A civil man now is one observant of slight external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the duties and obligations flowing from his position as a 'civis' and his relations to the other members of that 'civitas.'" Trench

5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from military, ecclesiastical, or official state.

6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit distinct from criminal proceedings. Civil action, an action to enforce the rights or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal proceeding. -- Civil architecture, the architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in distinction from military and naval architecture, as private houses, palaces, churches, etc. -- Civil death. (Law.) See under Death. -- Civil engineering. See under Engineering. -- Civil law. See under Law. -- Civil list. See under List. -- Civil remedy (Law), that given to a person injured, by action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution. -- Civil service, all service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or military affairs. -- Civil service reform, the substitution of business principles and methods for the spoils system in the conduct of the civil service, esp. in the matter of appointments to office. -- Civil state, the whole body of the laity or citizens not included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical states. -- Civil suit. Same as Civil action. -- CCivil war. See under War. -- Civil year. See under Year.

CIVILIAN Ci*vil"ian, n. Etym: [From Civil]

1. One skilled in the civil law. Ancient civilians and writers upon government. Swift.

2. A student of the civil law at a university or college. R. Graves.

3. One whose pursuits are those of civil life, not military or clerical.

CIVILIST Civ"il*ist, n.

Defn: A civilian. [R.] Warbur

CIVILITY Ci*vil"i*ty, n.; pl. Civilities. Etym: [L. civilitas: cf. F. civilité. See Civil.]

1. The state of society in which the relations and duties of a citizen are recognized and obeyed; a state of civilization. [Obs.] Monarchies have risen from barbarrism to civility, and fallen again to ruin. Sir J. Davies. The gradual depature of all deeper signification from the word civility has obliged the creation of another word -- civilization. Trench.

2. A civil office, or a civil process [Obs.] To serve in a civility. Latimer.

3. Courtesy; politeness; kind attention; good breeding; a polite act or expression. The insolent civility of a proud man is, if possible, more shocking than his rudeness could be. Chesterfield. The sweet civilities of life. Dryden.

Syn. -- Urbanity; affability; complaisance.

CIVILIZABLE Civ"i*li`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being civilized.

CIVILIZATION Civ`i*li*za"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. civilisation.]

1. The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized; national culture; refinement. Our manners, our civilization, and all the good things connected with manners, and with civilization, have, in this European world of ours, depended for ages upon two principles -- . . . the spirit of a gentleman, and spirit of religion. Burke

2. (Law)

Defn: Rendering a criminal process civil. [Obs.]

CIVILIZE Civ"i*lize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Civilized; p. pr. & vb. n. Civilizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. civilizer, fr.L. civilis civil. See Civil.]

1. To reclaim from a savage state; to instruct in the rules and customs of civilization; to educate; to refine. Yet blest that fate which did his arms dispose Her land to civilize, as to subdue. Dryden

2. To admit as suitable to a civilized state. [Obs. or R.] "Civilizing adultery." Milton.

Syn. -- To polish; refine; humanize.

CIVILIZED Civ"i*lized, a.

Defn: Reclaimed from savage life and manners; instructed in arts, learning, and civil manners; refined; cultivated. Sale of conscience and duty in open market is not reconcilable with the present state of civilized society. J. Quincy.

CIVILIZER Civ"i*li*zer, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, civilizes or tends to civilize.

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION Civil Service Commission.

Defn: In the United States, a commission appointed by the President, consisting of three members, not more than two of whom may be adherents of the same party, which has the control, through examinations, of appointments and promotions in the classified civil service. It was created by act of Jan, 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403).

CIVIL SERVICE REFORM Civil Service Reform.

Defn: The substitution of business principles and methods for political methods in the conduct of the civil service. esp. the merit system instead of the spoils system in making appointments to office.

CIVILY Civ"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a civil manner; as regards civil rights and privileges; politely; courteously; in a well bred manner.

CIVISM Civ"ism, n. Etym: [Cf.F. civisme, fr.L. civis citizen.]

Defn: State of citizenship. [R.] Dyer.

CIZAR Ciz"ar, v. i. Etym: [From Cizars.]

Defn: To clip with scissors. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

CIZARS Ciz"ars, n. pl.

Defn: Scissors. [Obs.] Swift.

CIZE Cize, n.

Defn: Bulk; largeness. [Obs.] See Size.

CLABBER Clab"ber, n. Etym: [See Bonnyclabber]

Defn: Milk curdled so as to become thick.

CLABBER Clab"ber, v. i.

Defn: To become clabber; to lopper.

CLACHAN Clach"an, n. Etym: [Scot., fr.Gael.]

Defn: A small village containing a church. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott Sitting at the clachon alehouse. R. L. Stevenson.

CLACK Clack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clacked;p. pr. & vb. n. Clacking.] Etym: [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. F.claquer to clap, crack, D. klakken, MHG. klac crack, Ir. clagaim I make a noise, ring. Cf. Clack, n., Clatter, Click.]

1. To make a sudden, sharp noise, or a succesion of such noises, as by striking an object, or by collision of parts; to rattle; to click. We heard Mr.Hodson's whip clacking on the ahoulders of the poor little wretches. Thackeray.

2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with abruptness; to let the tongue run.

CLACK Clack, v. t.

1. To cause to make a sudden, sharp noise, or succession of noises; to click.

2. To utter rapidly and inconsiderately. Feltham. To clack wool, to cut off the sheep's mark, in order to make the wool weigh less and thus yield less duty. [Eng.]

CLACK Clack, n. Etym: [Cf. F. claque a slap or smack, MHG. klac crack, W. clec crack, gossip. See Clack, v. t.]

1. A sharp, abrupt noise, or succession of noises, made by striking an object.

2. Anything that causes a clacking noise, as the clapper of a mill, or a clack valve.

3. Continual or importunate talk; prattle; prating. Whose chief intent is to vaunt his spiritual clack. South. Clack box (Mach.), the box or chamber in which a clack valve works. -- Clack dish, a dish with a movable lid, formerly carried by beggars, who clacked the lid to attract notice. Shak. Clack door (Mining), removable cover of the opening through which access is had to a pump valve. -- Clack valve (Mach.), a valve; esp. one hinged at one edge, which, when raised from its seat, falls with a clacking sound.

CLACKER Clack"er, n.

1. One who clacks; that which clacks; especially, the clapper of a mill.

2. A claqueur. See Claqueur.

CLAD Clad, v.t

Defn: To clothe. [Obs.] Holland.

CLAD Clad,

Defn: imp. & p. p. of Clothe.

CLADOCERA Cla*doc"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of the Entomostraca.

Note: They have a bivalve shell, covering the body but not the head, and from four to six pairs of legs and two pairs of antenæ, for use in swimming. They mostly inhabit fresh water.

CLADOPHYLL Clad"o*phyll, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A special branch, resembling a leaf, as in the apparent foliage of the broom (Ruscus) and of the common cultivated smilax (Myrsiphillum).

CLAGGY Clag"gy, a. Etym: [Cf. Clog.]

Defn: Adhesive; -- said of a roof in a mine to which coal clings.

CLAIK Claik, n.

Defn: See Clake.

CLAIM Claim (klam), v. [imp. & p. p. Claimed (klamd); p. pr. & vb. n. Claiming.] Etym: [OE. clamen, claimen, OF. clamer, fr. L. clamare to cry out, call; akin to calare to proclaim, Gr. kal to sound, G. holen to fetch, E. hale haul.]

1. To ask for, or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right, or supposed right; to challenge as a right; to demand as due.

2. To proclaim. [Obs.] Spenser.

3. To call or name. [Obs.] Spenser.

4. To assert; to maintain. [Colloq.]

CLAIM Claim, v. i.

Defn: To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim. We must know how the first ruler, from whom any one claims, came by his authority. Locke.

CLAIM Claim, n. Etym: [Of. claim cry, complaint, from clamer. See Claim, v.t.]

1. A demand of a right or supposed right; a calling on another for something due or supposed to be due; an assertion of a right or fact.

2. A right to claim or demand something; a title to any debt, privilege, or other thing in possession of another; also, a title to anything which another should give or concede to, or confer on, the claimant. "A bar to all claims upon land." Hallam.

3. The thing claimed or demanded; that (as land) to which any one intends to establish a right; as a settler's claim; a miner's claim. [U.S. & Australia]

4. A laoud call. [Obs.] Spenser To lay claim to, to demand as a right. "Doth he lay claim to thine inheritance" Shak.

CLAIMABLE Claim"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being claimed.

CLAIMANT Claim"ant, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. clamant, p. pr. of clamer. Cf.Clamant.]

Defn: One who claims; one who asserts a right or title; a claimer.

CLAIMER Claim"er, n.

Defn: One who claims; a claimant.

CLAIMLESS Claim"less, a.

Defn: Having no claim.

CLAIRAUDIENCE Clair*au"di*ence, n. [F. clair clear + F. & E. audience a hearing. See Clear.]

Defn: Act of hearing, or the ability to hear, sounds not normally audible; -- usually claimed as a special faculty of spiritualistic mediums, or the like.

CLAIRAUDIENT Clair*au"di*ent, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characterized by, clairaudience.

CLAIRAUDIENT Clair*au"di*ent, n.

Defn: One alleged to have the power of clairaudience.

CLAIRE Claire, n. [F.]

Defn: A small inclosed pond used for gathering and greening oysters.

CLAIR-OBSCUR Clair"-ob*scur" (, n. Etym: [F. See Clare-obscure.]

Defn: See Chiaroscuro.

CLAIRVOYANCE Clair*voy"ance, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A power, attributed to some persons while in a mesmeric state, of discering objects not perceptible by the senses in their normal condition.

CLAIRVOYANT Clair*voy"ant, a. Etym: [F., fr. clair clear + voyant, p. pr. of voir to see. See Clear, and Vision.]

Defn: Pertaining to clairvoyance; discerning objects while in a mesmeric state which are not present to the senses.

CLAIRVOYANT Clair*voy"ant n.

Defn: One who is able, when in a mesmeric state, to discern objects not present to the senses.

CLAKE; CLAIK Clake, Claik, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The bernicle goose; -- called also clack goose.

CLAM Clam, n. Etym: [Cf. Clamp, Clam, v. t., Clammy.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; as, the long clam (Mya arenaria), the quahog or round clam (Venus mercenaria), the sea clam or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species of the United States. The name is said to have been given originally to the Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve. You shall scarce find any bay or shallow shore, or cove of sand, where you may not take many clampes, or lobsters, or both, at your pleasure. Capt. John Smith (1616). Clams, or clamps, is a shellfish not much unlike a coclke; it lieth under the sand. Wood (1634).

2. (Ship Carp.)

Defn: Strong pinchers or forceps.

3. pl. (Mech.)

Defn: A kind of vise, usually of wood. Blood clam. See under Blood.

CLAM Clam (clam), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clammed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clamming.] Etym: [Cf. AS. clæman to clam, smear; akin to Icel. kleima to smear, OHG. kleimjan, chleimen, to defile, or E. clammy.]

Defn: To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter. A swarm of wasps got into a honey pot, and there they cloyed and clammed Themselves till there was no getting out again. L'Estrange.

CLAM Clam, v. i.

Defn: To be moist or glutinous; to stick; to adhere. [R.] Dryden

CLAM Clam, n.

Defn: Claminess; moisture. [R.] "The clam of death." Carlyle.

CLAM Clam, n. Etym: [Abbrev. fr. clamor.]

Defn: A crash or clangor made by ringing all the bells of a chime at once. Nares.

CLAM Clam, v. t. & i.

Defn: To produce, in bell ringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang. Nares.

CLAMANT Cla"mant, a. Etym: [L. clamans, p. pr. of clamare to call. Cf. Claimant.]

Defn: Crying earnestly, beseeching clamorousky. "Clamant children." Thomson.

CLAMATION Cla*ma"tion, n. Etym: [LL. clamatio, fr. L. clamare to call.]

Defn: The act of crying out. Sir T. Browne.

CLAMATORES Clam`a*to"res, n. pl. Etym: [L. clamator, pl. clamatores, a bawler.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of passerine birds in which the vocal muscles are but little developed, so that they lack the power of singing.

CLAMATORIAL Clam`a*to"rial, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the Clamatores.

CLAMBAKE Clam"bake, n.

Defn: The backing or steaming of clams on heated stones, between layers of seaweed; hence, a picnic party, gathered on such an occasion.

CLAMBER Clam"ber, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clambered; p. pr. & vb. n. Clambering.] Etym: [OE clambren, clameren, to heap together, climb; akin to Icel. klambra to clamp, G. klammern. Cf. Clamp, Climb.]

Defn: To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet; -- also used figuratively. The narrow street that clambered toward the mill. Tennyson.

CLAMBER Clam"ber, n.

Defn: The act of clambering. T. Moore.

CLAMBER Clam"ber, v. t.

Defn: To ascend by climbing with difficulty. Clambering the walls to eye him. Shak.

CLAMJAMPHRIE Clam*jam"phrie, n.

Defn: Low, worthless people; the rabble. [Scot.] Jamieson.

CLAMMILY Clam"mi*ly, adv.

Defn: In a clammy manner. "Oozing so clammily." Hood.

CLAMMINESS Clam"mi*ness, n.

Defn: State of being clammy or viscous.

CLAMMY Clam"my, a. [Compar. Clammier; superl. Clammiest.] Etym: [Cf. AS. clam clay. See Clam to clog, and cf. Clay.]

Defn: Having the quality of being viscous or adhesive; soft and sticky; glutinous; damp and adhesive, as if covered with a cold perspiration.

CLAMOR Clam"or, n. Etym: [OF. clamour, clamur, F. clameur, fr. L. clamor, fr. clamare to cry out. See Claim.]

1. A great outcry or vociferation; loud and continued shouting or exclamation. Shak.

2. Any loud and continued noise. Addison.

3. A continued expression of dissatisfaction or discontent; a popular outcry. Macaulay.

Syn. -- Outcry; exclamation; noise; uproar.

CLAMOR Clam"or, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clamored; p. pr. & vb. n. Clamoring.]

1. To salute loudly. [R.] The people with a shout Rifted the air, clamoring their god with praise. Milton .

2. To stun with noise. [R.] Bacon.

3. To utter loudly or repeatedly; to shout. Clamored their piteous prayer incessantly. Longfellow. To clamor bells, to repeat the strokes quickly so as to produce a loud clang. Bp. Warbur

CLAMOR Clam"or, v. i.

Defn: To utter loud sounds or outcries; to vociferate; to complain; to make importunate demands. The obscure bird Clamored the livelong night. Shak.

CLAMORER Clam"or*er, n.

Defn: One who clamors.

CLAMOROUS Clam"or*ous, a. Etym: [LL. clamorosus, for L. Clamosus: cf. OF. clamoreux.]

Defn: Speaking and repeating loud words; full of clamor; calling or demanding loudly or urgently; vociferous; noisy; bawling; loud; turbulent. "My young ones were clamorous for a morning's excursion." Southey. -- Clam"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Clam"or*ous*ness, n.

CLAMP Clamp, n. Etym: [Cf. LG. & D. klamp, Dan. klampe, also D. klampen to fasten, clasp. Cf. Clam, Cramp.]

1. Something rigid that holds fast or binds things together; a piece of wood or metal, used to hold two or more pieces together.

2. (a) An instrument with a screw or screws by which work is held in its place or two parts are temporarily held together. (b) (Joinery) A piece of wood placed across another, or inserted into another, to bind or strengthen.

3. One of a pair of movable pieces of lead, or other soft material, to cover the jaws of a vise and enable it to grasp without bruising.

4. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sustuan the ends of beams.

5. A mass of bricks heaped up to be burned; or of ore for roasting, or of coal coking.

6. A mollusk. See Clam. [Obs.] Clamp nails, nails used to fasten on clamps in ships.

CLAMP Clamp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clamped p. pr. & vb. n. Clamping.]

1. To fasten with a clamp or clamps; to apply a clamp to; to place in a clamp.

2. To cover, as vegetables, with earth. [Eng.]

CLAMP Clamp, n. Etym: [Prob. an imitative word. Cf.Clank.]

Defn: A heavy footstep; a tramp.

CLAMP Clamp, v. i.

Defn: To tread heavily or clumsily; to clump. The policeman with clamping feet. Thackeray.

CLAMPER Clamp"er, n.

Defn: An instrument of iron, with sharp prongs, attached to a boot or shoe to enable the wearer to walk securely upon ice; a creeper. Kane.

CLAN Clan, n. Etym: [Gael. clann offspring, descendants; akin to Ir. clann, cland, offspring, tribe, family; perh. from L. plania scion, slip, cutting. Cf. Plant, n.]

1. A tribe or collection of families, united under a chieftain, regarded as having the same common ancestor, and bearing the same surname; as, the clan of Macdonald. "I have marshaled my clan." Campbell.

2. A clique; a sect, society, or body of persons; esp., a body of persons united by some common interest or pursuit; -- sometimes used contemptuously. Partidge and the rest of his clan may hoot me. Smolett. The whole clan of the enlightened among us. Burke.

CLANCULAR Clan"cu*lar, a. Etym: [L. clancularius , from clanculum secretly, adv. dim. of clam secretly.]

Defn: Conducted with secrecy; clandestine; concealed. [Obs.] Not close and clancular, but frank and open. Barrow.

CLANCULARLY Clan"cu*lar*ly, adv.

Defn: privately; secretly. [Obs.]

CLANDESTINE Clan*des"tine, a. Etym: [L. clandestinus, fr. clam secretly; akin to celare, E. conceal: cf. F. clandestin.]

Defn: Conducted with secrecy; withdrawn from public notice, usually for an evil purpose; kept secret; hidden; private; underhand; as, a clandestine marriage. Locke.

Syn. -- Hidden; secret; private; concealed; underhand; sly; stealthy; surreptitious; furtive; fraudulent. -- Clan*des"tine*ly, adv. -- Clan*des"tine*ness, n.

CLANDESTINITY Clan`des*tin"i*ty, n.

Defn: Privacy or secrecy. [R.]

CLANG Clang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanged; p. pr. & vb. n. Clanging.] Etym: [L. clangere; akin to Gr. clank.]

Defn: To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound. The fierce Caretes . . . clanged their sounding arms. Prior.

CLANG Clang, v. i.

Defn: To give out a clang; to resound. "Clanging hoofs." Tennyson.

CLANG Clang, n.

1. A loud, ringing sound, like that made by metallic substances when clanged or struck together. The broadsword's deadly clang, As if a thousand anvils rang. Sir W. Scott.

2. (Mus.)

Defn: Qualyty of tone.

CLANGOR Clan"gor, n. Etym: [L., fr. clangere. See Clang, v. t.]

Defn: A sharp, harsh, ringing sound. Dryden.

CLANGOROUS Clan"gor*ous, a. Etym: [LL. clangorosus.]

Defn: Making a clangor; having a ringing, metallic sound.

CLANGOUS Clan"gous, a.

Defn: Making a clang, or a ringing metallic sound. [Obs.]

CLANJAMFRIE Clan*jam"frie, n.

Defn: Same as Clamjamphrie. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

CLANK Clank, n. Etym: [Akin to clink, and of imitative origin; cf. G. klang sound, D. klank. Cf. Clang.]

Defn: A sharp, brief, ringing sound, made by a collision of metallic or other sonorous bodies; -- usually expressing a duller or less resounding sound than clang, and a deeper and stronger sound than clink. But not in chains to pine, His spirit withered with tyeur clank. Byron.

CLANK Clank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clanked; p. pr. & vb. n. Clanking.]

Defn: To cause to sound with a clank; as, the prisoners clank their chains.

CLANK Clank, v. i.

Defn: To sound with a clank.

CLANKLESS Clank"less, a.

Defn: Without a clank. Byreon.

CLAN-NA-GAEL Clan"-na-Gael", n. [Ir., clan of the Gaels.]

Defn: A secret society of Irish Fenians founded in Philadelphia in 1881.

CLANNISH Clan"nish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a clan; closely united, like a clan; disposed to associate only with one's clan or clique; actuated by the traditions, prejudices, habits, etc., of a clan. -- Clan"nish*ly, adv. -- Clan"nish*ness, n.

CLANSHIP Clan"ship, n.

Defn: A state of being united togheter as in a clan; an association under a chieftain.

CLANSMAN Clans"man, n.; pl. Clansmen.

Defn: One belonging to the same clan with another.

CLAP Clap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clapped; p. pr. & vb. n. Clapping.] Etym: [AS. clappan; akin to Icel. & Sw. klappa, D, klappen, to clap, prate, G. klaffen, v.i., to split open, yelp, klopfen, v.t. & i., to knock.]

1. To strike; to slap; to strike, or strike together, with a quick motion, so, as to make a sharp noise; as, to clap one's hands; a clapping of wings. Then like a bird it sits and sings, And whets and claps its silver wings. Marvell.

2. To thrust, drive, put, or close, in a hasty or abrupt manner; -- often followed by to, into, on, or upon. He had just time to get in and clap to the door. Locke Clap an extinguaisher upon your irony. Lamb.

3. To manifest approbation of, by striking the hands together; to applaud; as, to clap a performance. To clap hands. (a) To pledge faith by joining hands. [Obs.] Shak. (b) To express contempt or derision. [Obs.] Lam. ii. 15. To clap hold of, to seize roughly or quickly. -- To clap up. (a) To imprison hastily or without due formality. (b) To make or contrive hastily. [Obs.] "Was ever match clapped up so suddenly" Shak.

CLAP Clap, v. i.

1. To knock, as at a door. [Obs.] Chaucer.

2. To strike the hands together in applause. Their ladies bid them clap. Shak.

3. To come together suddenly with noise. The doors around me clapped. Dryden.

4. To enter with alacrity and briskness; -- with to or into. [Obs.] "Shall we clap into it roundly, without . . . saying we are hoarse" Shak.

5. To talk noisily; to chatter loudly. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLAP Clap, n.

1. A loud noise made by sudden collision; a bang. "Give the door such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole room." Swift.

2. A burst of sound; a sudden explosion. Horrible claps of thunder. Hakewill.

3. A single, sudden act or motion; a stroke; a blow. What, fifty of my followers at a clap! Shak.

4. A striking of hands to express approbation. Unextrected claps or hisses. Addison.

5. Noisy talk; chatter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

6. (Falconry)

Defn: The nether part of the beak of a hawk. Clap dish. See Clack dish, under Clack, n. -- Clap net, a net for taking birds, made to close or clap together.

CLAP Clap, n. Etym: [Cf. OF. clapoir.]

Defn: Gonorrhea.

CLAPBOARD Clap"board, n.

1. A narrow board, thicker at one edge than at the other; -- used for weatherboarding the outside of houses. [U. S.]

2. A stave for a cask. [Eng.] Halliwell.

CLAPBOARD Clap"board, v. t.

Defn: To cover with clapboards; as, to clapboard the sides of a house. [U. S.] Bartlett.

CLAPBREAD; CLAPCAKE Clap"bread`, Clap"cake`, n.

Defn: Oatmeal cake or bread clapped or beaten till it is thin. [Obs.] Halliwell.

CLAPE Clape, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A bird; the flicker.

CLAPPER Clap"per, n.

1. A person who claps.

2. That which strikes or claps, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill hopper, etc. See Illust. of Bell. Clapper rail (Zoöl.), an Americam species of rail (Rallus scepitans).

CLAPPER Clap"per, n. Etym: [F. clapier.]

Defn: A rabbit burrow. [Obs.]

CLAPPERCLAW Clap"per*claw, v. t. Etym: [Clap + claw.]

1. To fight and scratch. C. Smart.

2. To abuse with the tongue; to revile; to scold.

CLAPS Claps, v. t.

Defn: Variant of Clasp [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLAPTRAP Clap"trap`, n.

1. A contrivance for clapping in theaters. [Obs.]

2. A trick or device to gain applause; humbug.

CLAPTRAP Clap"trap`, a.

Defn: Contrived for the purpose of making a show, or gaining applause; deceptive; unreal.

CLAQUE Claque, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A collection of persons employed to applaud at a theatrical exhibition.

CLAQUEUR Cla`queur", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: One of the claque employed to applaud at a theater.

CLARE Clare, n.

Defn: A nun of the order of St.Clare.

CLARENCE Clar"ence, n.

Defn: A close four-wheeled carriage, with one seat inside, and a seat for the driver.

CLARENCEUX; CLARENCIEUX Clar"en*ceux, Clar"en*cieux, n. (Her.)

Defn: See King-at-arms.

CLARENDON Clar"en*don, n.

Defn: A style of type having a narrow and heave face. It is made in all sizes.

Note: This line is in nonpareil Clarendon.

CLARE-OBSCURE Clare"-ob*scure", n. Etym: [L. clarus clear + obscurus obscure; cf. F. clair-obscur. Cf. Chiaroscuro.] (Painting)

Defn: See Chiaroscuro.

CLARET Clar"et, n. Etym: [OE. claret, clare, clarry, OF. claret, clar, fr. cler, F. clair, clear, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.]

Defn: The name firat given in England to the red wines of M

CLARIBELLA Clar`i*bel"la, n. Etym: [NL., from L. clarus clear + bellus fine.] (Mus.)

Defn: A soft, sweet stop, or set of open wood pipes in an organ.

CLARICHORD Clar"i*chord, n. Etym: [F. clatocorde, fr.L. clarus clear + chorda string. See Chord.]

Defn: A musical instrument, formerly in use, in form of a spinet; -- called also manichord and clavichord.

CLARIFICATION Clar`i*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. clarification, L. clarificatio glorification.]

1. The act or process of making clear or transparent, by freeing visible impurities; as, the clarification of wine.

2. The act of freeing from obscurities. The clarification of men's ideas. Whewell.

CLARIFIER Clar"i*fi`er, n.

1. That which clarifies.

2. A vessel in which the process of clarification is conducted; as, the clarifier in sugar works. Ure.

CLARIFY Clar"i*fy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clarified; p. pr. & vb. n. Clarifying.] Etym: [F. clarifier, from L. clarificare; clarus clear + facere to make. See Clear, and Fact.]

1. To make clear or bright by freeing from feculent matter; to defecate; to fine; -- said of liquids, as wine or sirup. "Boiled and clarified." Ure.

2. To make clear; to free from obscurities; to brighten or illuminate. To clarify his reason, and to rectify his will. South.

3. To glorify. [Obs.] Fadir, clarifie thi name. Wyclif (John ii. 28).

CLARIFY Clar"i*fy, v. i.

1. To grow or become clear or transparent; to become free from feculent impurities, as wine or other liquid under clarification.

2. To grow clear or bright; to clear up. Whosoever hath his mind fraught with many thoughts, his wits and understanding do clarify and break up in the discoursing with another. Bacon.

CLARIGATE Clar"i*gate, v. i. Etym: [L. clarigare]

Defn: To declare war with certain ceremonies. [Obs.] Holland.

CLARINET Clar"i*net`, n. Etym: [F. clarinette, dim. of clarine, from L. clarus. See Clear, and cf. Clarion.] (Mus.)

Defn: A wind instrument, blown by a single reed, of richer and fuller tone than the oboe, which has a double reed. It is the leading instrument in a military band.

Note: [Often improperly called clarionet.]

CLARINO Cla*ri"no, n. Etym: [It. a trumpet.] (Mus.)

Defn: A reed stop in an organ.

CLARION Clar"i*on, n. Etym: [OE. clarioun, OF. clarion, F. clairon, LL. clario, claro; so called from its clear tone, fr. L. clarus clear. See Clear.]

Defn: A kind of trumpet, whose note is clear and shrill. He sounds his imperial clarion along the whole line of battle. E. Everett.

CLARIONET Clar`i*o*net", n. Etym: [See Clarion, Clarinet.] (Mus.)

Defn: See Clarinet.

CLARISONUS Cla*ris"o*nus, a. Etym: [L. clarisonus; clarus + sonus.]

Defn: Having a clear sound. [Obs.] Ash.

CLARITUDE Clar"i*tude, n. Etym: [L. claritudo, fr. clarus clear.]

Defn: Clearness; splendor. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

CLARITY Clar"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. claritas, fr. clarus clear: cf. F. clarté.]

Defn: Clearness; brightness; splendor. Floods, in whose more than crystal clarity, Innumerable virgin graces row. Beaumont.

CLARO-OBSCURO Cla"ro-ob*scu"ro, n.

Defn: See Chiaroscuro.

CLARRE Clar`ré", n. Etym: [See Claret.]

Defn: Wine with a mixture of honey and species. [Obs.] Chaucer.

CLART Clart, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Armor. kalar mud, mire, kalara to dirt, Sw. lort mud.]

Defn: To daub, smear, or spread, as with mud, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CLARTY Clart"y, a.

Defn: Sticky and foul; muddy; filthy; dirty. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

CLARY Clar"y, v. i. Etym: [Cf. Clarion.]

Defn: To make a loud or shrill noise. [Obs.] Golding.

CLARY Cla"ry, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. sclarea, scarlea, D. & G. scharlei, F. sclarée.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant (Salvia sclarea) of the Sage family, used in flavoring soups. Clary water, a composition of clary flowers with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.

CLASH Clash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Clashed; p. pr. & vb. n. Clashing.] Etym: [Of imitative origin; cf. G. klatschen, Prov. G. kleschen, D. kletsen, Dan. klaske, E. clack.]

1. To make a noise by striking against something; to dash noisily together.

2. To meet in opposition; to act in a contrary direction; to come onto collision; to interfere. However some of his interests might clash with those of the chief adjacent colony. Palfrey.

CLASH Clash, v. t.

Defn: To strike noisily against or together.

CLASH Clash n.

1. A loud noise resulting from collision; a noisy collision of bodies; a collision. The roll of cannon and clash of arms. Tennyson.

2. Opposition; contradiction; as between differing or contending interests, views, purposes, etc. Clashes between popes and kings. Denham.

CLASH GEAR Clash gear. (Mach.)

Defn: A change-speed gear in which the gears are changed by sliding endwise.

CLASHINGLY Clash"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With clashing.

CLASP Clasp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clasped; p. pr. & vb. n. Clasping] Etym: [OE. claspen, clapsen, prob. akin to E. clap.]

1. To shut or fasten together with, or as with, a clasp; to shut or fasten (a clasp, or that which fastens with a clasp).

2. To inclose and hold in the hand or with the arms; to grasp; to embrace.

3. To surround and cling to; to entwine about. "Clasping ivy." Milton.

CLASP Clasp, n.

1. An adjustable catch, bent plate, or hook, for holding together two objects or the parts of anything, as the ends of a belt, the covers of a book, etc.

2. A close embrace; a throwing of the arms around; a grasping, as with the hand. Clasp knife, a large knife, the blade of which folds or shuts into the handle. -- Clasp lock, a lock which closes or secures itself by means of a spring.

CLASPER Clasp"er, n.

1. One who, or that which, clasps, as a tendril. "The claspers of vines." Derham.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of a pair of organs used by the male for grasping the female among many of the Crustacea. (b) One of a pair of male copulatory organs, developed on the anterior side of the ventral fins of sharks and other elasmobranchs. See Illust. of Chimæra.

CLASPERED Clasp"ered, a.

Defn: Furnished with tendrils.

CLASS Class, n. Etym: [F. classe, fr. L. classis class, collection, fleet; akin to Gr. claim, haul.]

1. A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated class; the lower classes.

2. A number of students in a school or college, of the same standing, or pursuing the same studies.

3. A comprehensive division of animate or inanimate objects, grouped together on account of their common characteristics, in any classification in natural science, and subdivided into orders, families, tribes, gemera, etc.

4. A set; a kind or description, species or variety. She had lost one class energies. Macaulay.

5. (Methodist Church)

Defn: One of the sections into which a church or congregation is divided, and which is under the supervision of a class leader. Class of a curve (Math.), the kind of a curve as expressed by the number of tangents that can be drawn from any point to the curve. A circle is of the second class. -- Class meeting (Methodist Church), a meeting of a class under the charge of a class leader, for counsel and relegious instruction.

CLASS Class, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Classed; p. pr. & vb. n. Classing.] Etym: [Cf. F. classer. See Class, n.]

1. To arrange in classes; to classify or refer to some class; as, to class words or passages.

Note: In scientific arrangement, to classify is used instead of to class. Dana.

2. To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a class or classes.

CLASS Class, v. i.

Defn: To grouped or classed. The genus or famiky under which it classes. Tatham.

CLASS DAY Class day.

Defn: In American colleges and universities, a day of the commencement season on which the senior class celebrates the completion of its course by exercises conducted by the members, such as the reading of the class histories and poem, the delivery of the class oration, the planting of the class ivy, etc.

CLASSIBLE Class"i*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being classed.

CLASSIC; CLASSICAL Clas"sic, Clas"sic*al, a. Etym: [L. classicus relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. classique. See Class, n.]

1. Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art. Give, as thy last memorial to the age, One classic drama, and reform the stage. Byron. Mr. Greaves may justly be reckoned a classical author on this subject [Roman weights and coins]. Arbuthnot.

2. Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, esp. to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds. Though throned midst Latium's classic plains. Mrs. Hemans. The epithet classical, as applied to ancient authors, is determined less by the purity of their style than by the period at which they wrote. Brande & C. He [Atterbury] directed the classical studies of the undergraduates of his college. Macaulay.

3. Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined; as, a classical style. Classical, provincial, and national synods. Macaulay. Classicals orders. (Arch.) See under Order.

CLASSIC Clas"sic, n.

1. A work of acknowledged excellence and authrity, or its author; -- originally used of Greek and Latin works or authors, but now applied to authors and works of a like character in any language. In is once raised him to the rank of a legitimate English classic. Macaulay.

2. One learned in the literature of Greece and Rome, or a student of classical literature.

CLASSICALISM Clas"sic*al*ism, n.

1. A classical idiom, style, or expression; a classicism.

2. Adherence to what are supposed or assumed to be the classical canons of art.

CLASSICALIST Clas"sic*al*ist, n.

Defn: One who adheres to what he thinks the classical canons of art. Ruskin.

CLASSICALITY; CLASSICALNESS Clas`si*cal"i*ty, Clas"sic*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being classical.

CLASSICALLY Clas"sic*al*ly, adv.

1. In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical authors.

2. In the manner of classes; according to a regular order of classes or sets.

CLASSICISM Clas"si*cism, n.

Defn: A classic idiom or expression; a classicalism. C. Kingsley.

CLASSICIST Clas"si*cist, n.

Defn: One learned in the classics; an advocate for the classics.

CLASSIFIABLE Clas"si*fi`a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being classified.

CLASSIFIC Clas*sif"ic, a.

Defn: Characterizing a class or classes; relating to classification.

CLASSIFICATION Clas`si*fi*ca"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. classification.]

Defn: The act of forming into a class or classes; a distibution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or affinities. Artificial classification. (Science) See under Artifitial.

CLASSIFICATORY Clas"si*fi*ca`to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to classification; admitting of classification. "A classificatory system." Earle.

CLASSIFIER Clas"si*fi`er, n.

Defn: One who classifies.

CLASSIFY Clas"si*fy, v. t. [imp. & pp. Classified; p. pr. & vb. n. Classifying.] Etym: [L. classis class +

Defn: To distribute into classes; to arrange according to a system; to arrnge in sets according to some method founded on common properties or characters.

Syn. -- To arrange; distibute; rank.

CLASSIS Clas"sis, n.; pl. Classes. Etym: [L. See Class, n.]

1. A class or order; sort; kind. [Obs.] His opinion of that classis of men. Clarendon.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: An ecclesiastical body or judicat

CLASSMAN Class"man, n.; pl. Classmen(#).

1. A member of a class; a classmate.