Chapter CCCLXXXII: Prologue (33)

1. To bind, fasten, or tie with a rope or cord; as, to rope a bale of goods. Hence: --

2. To connect or fasten together, as a party of mountain climbers, with a rope.

3. To partition, separate, or divide off, by means of a rope, so as to include or exclude something; as, to rope in, or rope off, a plot of ground; to rope out a crowd.

4. To lasso (a steer, horse). [Colloq. U.S.]

5. To draw, as with a rope; to entice; to inveigle; to decoy; as, to rope in customers or voters. [Slang, U.S.]

6. To prevent from winning (as a horse), by pulling or curbing. [Racing Slang, Eng.]

ROPEBAND Rope"band`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A small piece of spun yarn or marline, used to fasten the head of the sail to the spar. [Written also roband, and robbin.]

ROPEDANCER Rope"dan`cer, n.

Defn: One who dances, walks, or performs acrobatic feats, on a rope extended through the air at some height. -- Rope"dan`cing, n.

ROPER Rop"er, n.

1. A maker of ropes. P. Plowman.

2. One who ropes goods; a packer.

3. One fit to be hanged. [Old Slang] Douce.

ROPERY Rop"er*y, n.

1. A place where ropes are made.

2. Tricks deserving the halter; roguery. [Obs.] "Saucy merchant . . . so full of his ropery." Shak.

ROPE'S-END Rope's"-end`, v. t.

Defn: To punish with a rope's end.

ROPEWALK Rope"walk`, a.

Defn: A long, covered walk, or a low, level building, where ropes are manufactured.

ROPEWALKER Rope"walk`er, n.

Defn: A ropedancer.

ROPE-YARN Rope"-yarn`, n.

Defn: the yarn or thread of any stuff of which the strands of a rope are made.

ROPILY Rop"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a ropy manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner.

ROPINESS Rop"i*ness, n.

Defn: Quality of being ropy; viscosity.

ROPISH Rop"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat ropy.

ROPY Rop"y, a.

Defn: capable of being drawn into a thread, as a glutinous substance; stringy; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy sirup; ropy lees.

ROQUE Roque (rok), n. [Abbr. fr. Croquet.]

Defn: A form of croquet modified for greater accuracy of play. The court has a wood border often faced with rubber, used as a cushion in bank shots. The balls are 3¼ in. in diameter, the cage (center arches or wickets) 3 3/8 in. wide, the other arches 3½ in. wide.

ROQUEFORT CHEESE; ROQUEFORT Roque`fort" cheese, or Roque`fort", n.

Defn: A highly flavored blue-molded cheese, made at Roquefort, department of Aveyron, France. It is made from milk of ewes, sometimes with cow's milk added, and is cured in caves. Improperly, a cheese made in imitation of it.

ROQUELAURE Roq"ue*laure, n. Etym: [F.; so called after Duc de Roquelaure, in the reign of Louis XIV.]

Defn: A cloak reaching about to, or just below, the knees, worn in the 18th century. [Written also roquelo.]

ROQUET Ro*quet", v. t. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain] (Croquet)

Defn: To hit, as another's ball, with one's own ball.

ROQUET Ro*quet", v. i.

Defn: To hit another's ball with one's own.

RORAL Ro"ral, a. Etym: [L. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dew; consisting of dew; dewy. [R.] M. Green.

RORATION Ro*ra"tion, n. Etym: [L. roratio, fr. rorare to drop dew, fr. ros dew.]

Defn: A falling of dew. [R.]

RORIC Ro"ric, a. Etym: [L. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to dew; resembling dew; dewy. Roric figures (Physics), figures which appear upon a polished surface, as glass, when objects which have been near to, or in contact with, the surface are removed and the surface breathed upon; -- called also Moser's images.

RORID Ro"rid, a. Etym: [L. roridus, fr. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Dewy; bedewed. [R.] T. Granger.

RORIFEROUS Ro*rif"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. rorifer; ros, roris, dew + ferre to bear: cf. F. rorifère.]

Defn: generating or producing dew. [R.]

RORIFLUENT Ro*rif"lu*ent, a. Etym: [L. ros, roris, dew + fluens, p.pr. of fluere to flow.]

Defn: Flowing with dew. [R.]

RORQUAL Ror"qual, n. Etym: [Norw. rorqualus a whale with folds.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very large North Atlantic whalebone whale (Physalus antiquorum, or Balænoptera physalus). It has a dorsal fin, and strong longitudinal folds on the throat and belly. Called also razorback.

Note: It is one of the largest of the whales, somethimes becoming nearly one hundred feet long, but it is more slender than the right whales, and is noted for its swiftness. The name is sometimes applied to other related species of finback whales.

RORULENT Ro"ru*lent, a. Etym: [L. rorulentus, from ros, roris, dew.]

1. Full of, or abounding in, dew. [R.]

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the surface appearing as if dusty, or covered with fine dew.

RORY Ro"ry, a. Etym: [L. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Dewy. [R.] And shook his wings with rory May-dew wet. Fairfax.

ROSACEOUS Ro*sa"ceous, a. Etym: [L. rosaceus, fr. rosa rose.]

1. (Bot.) (a) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Rosaceæ) of which the rose is the type. It includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet, brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears, service tress, and quinces. (b) Like a rose in shape or appearance; as, a rosaceous corolla.

2. Of a pure purpish pink color.

ROSACIC Ro*sac"ic, a. Etym: [See Rosaceous.] (Old med. Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (called also lithic acid) found in certain red precipitates of urine. See Uric. [Obs.]

ROSALGAR Ro*sal"gar, n.

Defn: realgar. [Obs.] chaucer.

ROSALIA Ro*sa"li*a, n. Etym: [Cf. F. rosalie.] (Mus.)

Defn: A form of melody in which a phrase or passage is successively repeated, each time a step or half step higher; a melodic sequence.

ROSANILINE Ros*an"i*line ( or ), n. Etym: [Rose + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colorless crystalline substance which forms red salts. These salts are essential components of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of the series of substances derived from, or related to, rosaniline proper.

ROSARIAN Ro*sa"ri*an, n.

Defn: A cultivator of roses.

ROSARY Ro"sa*ry, n.; pl. Rosaries. Etym: [LL. rosarium a string of beads, L. rosarium a place planted with roses, rosa a rose: cf. F. rosaire. See Rose.]

1. A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. "Thick rosaries of scented thorn." Tennyson.

2. (R.C.Ch.)

Defn: A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to be recited in order, on beads; also, a string of beads by which the prayers are counted. His idolized book, and the whole rosary of his prayers. Milton.

Note: A rosary consists of fifteen decades. Each decade contains ten Ave Marias marked by small beads, preceded by a Paternoster, marked by a larger bead, and concluded by a Gloria Patri. Five decades make a chaplet, a third part of the rosary. Bp. Fitzpatrick.

3. A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of beautiful thoughts or of literary selections. Every day propound to yourself a rosary or chaplet of good works to present to God at night. Jer. Taylor.

4. A coin bearing the figure of a rose, fraudulently circulated in Ireland in the 13th century for a penny. Rosary shell (Zoöl.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Monodonta. They are top-shaped, bright-colored and pearly.

ROSCID Ros"cid, a. Etym: [L. roscidus, fr. ros, roris, dew.]

Defn: Containing, or consisting of, dew; dewy. [R.] Bacon.

ROSCOELITE Ros"coe*lite, n. Etym: [From an English chemist, H.E. Roscoe + - lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A green micaceous mineral occurring in minute scales. It is essentially a silicate of aluminia and potash containing vanadium.

ROSE Rose,

Defn: imp. of Rise.

ROSE Rose, n. Etym: [AS. rose, L. rosa, probably akin to Gr. vard, OPer. vareda; and perhaps to E. wort: cf. F. rose, from the Latin. Cf. Copperas, Rhododendron.]

1. A flower and shrub of any species of the genus Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere

Note: Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually prickly stems. The flowers are large, and in the wild state have five petals of a color varying from deep pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By cultivation and hybridizing the number of petals is greatly increased and the natural perfume enhanced. In this way many distinct classes of roses have been formed, as the Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt, China, Noisette, hybrid perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly every class.

2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. Sha.

3. (Arch.)

Defn: A rose window. See Rose window, below.

4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a pump.

5. (Med.)

Defn: The erysipelas. Dunglison.

6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with radiating lines, used in other instruments.

7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink.

8. A diamond. See Rose diamond, below. Cabbage rose, China rose, etc. See under Cabbage, China, etc. -- Corn rose (Bot.) See Corn poppy, under Corn. -- Infantile rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. -- Jamaica rose. (Bot.) See under Jamaica. -- Rose acacia (Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub (Robinia hispida) with handsome clusters of rose-colored blossoms. -- Rose aniline. (Chem.) Same as Rosaniline. -- Rose apple (Bot.), the fruit of the tropical myrtaceous tree Eugenia Jambos. It is an edible berry an inch or more in diameter, and is said to have a very strong roselike perfume. -- Rose beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small yellowish or buff longlegged beetle (Macrodactylus subspinosus), which eats the leaves of various plants, and is often very injurious to rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, etc. Called also rose bug, and rose chafer. (b) The European chafer. -- Rose bug. (Zoöl.) same as Rose beetle, Rose chafer. -- Rose burner, a kind of gas-burner producing a rose-shaped flame. -- Rose camphor (Chem.), a solid odorless substance which separates from rose oil. -- Rose campion. (Bot.) See under Campion. -- Rose catarrh (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose chafer. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European beetle (Cetonia aurata) which is often very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also rose beetle, and rose fly. (b) The rose beetle (a). -- Rose cold (Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes attributed to the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See Hay fever, under Hay. -- Rose color, the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful hue or appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or promise.

-- Rose de Pompadour, Rose du Barry, names succesively given to a delicate rose color used on Sèvres porcelain. -- Rose diamond, a diamond, one side of which is flat, and the other cut into twenty-four triangular facets in two ranges which form a convex face pointed at the top. Cf. Brilliant, n. -- Rose ear. See under Ear. -- Rose elder (Bot.), the Guelder-rose. -- Rose engine, a machine, or an appendage to a turning lathe, by which a surface or wood, metal, etc., is engraved with a variety of curved lines. Craig. -- Rose family (Bot.) the Roseceæ. See Rosaceous. -- Rose fever (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose fly (Zoöl.), a rose betle, or rose chafer. -- Rose gall (Zoöl.), any gall found on rosebushes. See Bedeguar. -- Rose knot, a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited so as to resemble a rose; a rosette. -- Rose lake, Rose madder, a rich tint prepared from lac and madder precipitated on an earthy basis. Fairholt. -- Rose mallow. (Bot.) (a) A name of several malvaceous plants of the genus Hibiscus, with large rose-colored flowers. (b) the hollyhock. -- Rose nail, a nail with a convex, faceted head. -- Rose noble, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Edward III., and current at 6s. 8d. Sir W. Scott. -- Rose of China. (Bot.) See China rose (b), under China. -- Rose of Jericho (Bot.), a Syrian cruciferous plant (Anastatica Hierochuntica) which rolls up when dry, and expands again when moistened; -- called also resurrection plant. -- Rose of Sharon (Bot.), an ornamental malvaceous shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus). In the Bible the name is used for some flower not yet identified, perhaps a Narcissus, or possibly the great lotus flower. -- Rose oil (Chem.), the yellow essential oil extracted from various species of rose blossoms, and forming the chief part of attar of roses. -- Rose pink, a pigment of a rose color, made by dyeing chalk or whiting with a decoction of Brazil wood and alum; also, the color of the pigment. -- Rose quartz (Min.), a variety of quartz which is rose-red. -- Rose rash. (Med.) Same as Roseola. -- Rose slug (Zoöl.), the small green larva of a black sawfly (Selandria rosæ). These larvæ feed in groups on the parenchyma of the leaves of rosebushes, and are often abundant and very destructive. -- Rose window (Arch.), a circular window filled with ornamental tracery. Called also Catherine wheel, and marigold window. Cf. wheel window, under Wheel. -- Summer rose (Med.), a variety of roseola. See Roseola. -- Under the rose Etym: [a translation of L. sub rosa], in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the rose being among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung up at entertainments as a token that nothing there said was to be divulged. -- Wars of the Roses (Eng. Hist.), feuds between the Houses of York and Lancaster, the white rose being the badge of the House of York, and the red rose of the House of Lancaster.

ROSE Rose, v. t.

1. To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. [Poetic] "A maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty." Shak.

2. To perfume, as with roses. [Poetic] Tennyson.

ROSEAL Ro"se*al, a. Etym: [L. roseus, fr. rosa a rose.]

Defn: resembling a rose in smell or color. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.

ROSEATE Ro"se*ate, a. Etym: [Cf. L. roseus, rosatus, prepared from roses. See Roseal, Rose.]

1. Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers.

2. resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged with rose color; blooming; as, roseate beauty; her roseate lips. Roseate tern (Zoöl.), an American and European tern (Sterna Dougalli) whose breast is roseate in the breeding season.

ROSEBAY Rose"bay`, n. (Bot.) (a) the oleander. [Obs.] (b) Any shrub of the genus Rhododendron. [U.S.] (c) An herb (Epilobium spicatum) with showy purple flowers, common in Europe and North America; -- called also great willow herb.

ROSEBUD Rose"bud`, n.

Defn: The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but partially open.

ROSEBUSH Rose"bush`, n.

Defn: The bush or shrub which bears roses.

ROSE-COLORED Rose"-col`ored, a.

1. Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; of a delicate pink color.

2. Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine or pleasing; alluring; as, rose-colored anticipations.

ROSE-CUT Rose"-cut`, a.

Defn: Cut flat on the reverse, and with a convex face formed of triangular facets in rows; -- said of diamonds and other precious stones. See Rose diamond, under Rose. Cf. Brilliant, n.

ROSEDROP Rose"drop`, n.

1. A lozenge having a rose flavor.

2. A kind of earring. Simmonds.

3. (Med.)

Defn: A ruddy eruption upon the nose caused by drinking ardent spirits; a grog blossom.

ROSEFINCH Rose"finch, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of Asiatic finches of the genera Carpodacus, and Propasser, and allied genera, in which the male is more or less colored with rose red.

ROSEFISH Rose"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large marine scorpænoid food fish (Sebastes marinus) found on the northern coasts of Europe and America. called also red perch, hemdurgan, Norway haddok, and also, erroneously, snapper, bream, and bergylt.

Note: When full grown it is usually bright rose-red or orange-red; the young are usually mottled with red and ducky brown.

ROSEHEAD Rose"head`, n.

1. See Rose, n., 4.

2. A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a nail with such a head.

ROSEINE Ro"se*ine ( or ), n.

Defn: See Magenta.

ROSELITE Ro"se*lite, n. Etym: [From the German mineralogist G. Rose + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in small red crystals, allied to erythrite.

ROSELLA Ro"sel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. rosa rose.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus eximius) often kept as a cage bird. The head and back of the neck are scarlet, the throat is white, the back dark green varied with lighter green, and the breast yellow.

ROSELLE Ro*selle", n. (Bot.)

Defn: a malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) cultivated in the east and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes, which are used for making tarts and jelly and an acid drink.

ROSEMALOES Rose`mal"oes, n. Etym: [From the native name; cf. Malay rasamala the name of the tree.]

Defn: The liquid storax of the East Indian Liquidambar orientalis.

ROSEMARY Rose"ma*ry, n. Etym: [OE. rosmarine, L. rosmarinus; ros dew (cf. Russ. rosa, Lith. rasa, Skr. rasa juice) + marinus marine: cf. F. romarin. In English the word has been changed as if it meant the rose of Mary. See Marine.]

Defn: A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with narrow grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is used in cookery, perfumery, etc., and is an emblem of fidelity or constancy. There's rosemary, that's for remembrance. Shak. Marsh rosemary. (a) A little shrub (Andromeda polifolia) growing in cold swamps and having leaves like those of the rosemary. (b) See under Marsh. -- Rosemary pine, the loblolly pine. See under Loblolly.

ROSEN Ros"en, a.

Defn: Consisting of roses; rosy. [Obs.]

ROSENMULLER'S ORGAN; ROSENMUELLER'S ORGAN Ro"sen*mül`ler's or"gan.

Defn: [So named from its first describer, J. C. Rosenmüller, a German anatomist.] (Anat.) The parovarium.

ROSEO- Ro"se*o-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying rose-red; specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf. Luteo-.

ROSEOLA Ro*se"o*la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. rosa a rose.] (med.)

Defn: A rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in circumscribed patches of little or no elevation and often alternately fading and reviving; also, an acute specific disease which is characterized by an eruption of this character; -- called also rose rash. -- Ro*se"o*lous, a.

ROSE-PINK Rose"-pink`, a.

1. Having a pink color like that of the rose, or like the pigment called rose pink. See Rose pink, under Rose.

2. Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues; hence, sentimental. "Rose-pink piety." C. Kingsley.

ROSER Ros"er, n.

Defn: A rosier; a rosebush. [Obs.]

ROSE-RED Rose"-red`, a.

Defn: Red as a rose; specifically (Zoöl.), of a pure purplish red color. Chaucer.

ROSE-RIAL Rose"-ri`al, n. Etym: [See Rose, and Royal.]

Defn: A name of several English gold coins struck in different reigns and having having different values; a rose noble.

ROSEROOT Rose"root`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A fleshy-leaved herb (Rhodiola rosea); rosewort; -- so called because the roots have the odor of roses.

ROSERY Ros"er*y, n.

Defn: A place where roses are cultivated; a nursery of roses. See Rosary, 1.

ROSET Ro"set, n. Etym: [F. rosette. See Rosette.]

Defn: A red color used by painters. Peacham.

ROSETTA STONE Ro*set"ta stone`.

Defn: A stone found at Rosetta, in Egypt, bearing a trilingual inscription, by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key was obtained to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. Brande & C.

ROSETTA WOOD Ro*set"ta wood`.

Defn: An east Indian wood of a reddish orange color, handsomely veined with darker marks. It is occasionally used for cabinetwork. Ure.

ROSETTE Ro*sette, n. Etym: [F., dim. of rose a rose. Cf. Roset.]

1. An imitation of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, -- used as an ornament or a badge.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, -much used in decoration.

3. A red color. See Roset.

4. A rose burner. See under Rose.

5. (Zoöl.) (a) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially, the group of five broad ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and clypeastroid sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and Sand dollar, under Sand. (b) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the leopard.

ROSE WATER Rose" wa`ter.

Defn: Water tinctured with roses by distillation.

ROSE-WATER Rose"-wa`ter, a.

Defn: Having the odor of rose water; hence, affectedly nice or delicate; sentimental. "Rose-water philantropy." Carlyle.

ROSEWOOD Rose"wood, n.

Defn: A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked and variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machærium. The finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra. African rosewood, the wood of the leguminous tree Pterocarpus erinaceus. -- Jamaica rosewood, the wood of two West Indian trees (Amyris balsamifera, and Linocieria ligustrina). -- New South Wales rosewood, the wood of Trichilia glandulosa, a tree related to the margosa.

ROSEWORM Rose"worm`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The larva of any one of several species of lepidopterous insects which feed upon the leaves, buds, or blossoms of the rose, especially Cacæcia rosaceana, which rolls up the leaves for a nest, and devours both the leaves and buds.

ROSEWORT Rose"wort`, n. (Bot.) (a) Roseroot. (b) Any plant nearly related to the rose. Lindley.

ROSICRUCIAN Ros`i*cru"cian, n. Etym: [The name is probably due to a German theologian, Johann Valentin Andreä, who in anonymous pamphlets called himself a knight of the Rose Cross (G. Rosenkreuz), using a seal with a St. Andrew's cross and four roses.)]

Defn: One who, in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th, claimed to belong to a secret society of philosophers deeply versed in the secrets of nature, -- the alleged society having existed, it was stated, several hundred years.

Note: The Rosicrucians also called brothers of the Rosy Cross, Rosy- cross Knights, Rosy-cross philosophers, etc. Among other pretensions, they claimed to be able to transmute metals, to prolong life, to know what is passing in distant places, and to discover the most hidden things by the application of the Cabala and science of numbers.

ROSICRUCIAN Ros`i*cru"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their arts.

ROSIED Ros"ied, a.

Defn: Decorated with roses, or with the color of roses.

ROSIER Ro"sier, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. rosarius of roses. Cf. Rosary.]

Defn: A rosebush; roses, collectively. [Obs.] Crowned with a garland of sweet rosier. Spenser.

ROSILY Ros"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a rosy manner. M. Arnold.

ROSIN Ros"in, n. Etym: [A variant of resin.]

Defn: The hard, amber-colored resin left after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine; colophony. Rosin oil, an oil obtained from the resin of the pine tree, -- used by painters and for lubricating machinery, etc.

ROSIN Ros"in, v. t.

Defn: To rub with rosin, as musicians rub the bow of a violin. Or with the rosined bow torment the string. Gay.

ROSINESS Ros"i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being rosy.

ROSINWEED Ros"in*weed`, n. (Bot.) (a) The compass plant. See under Compass. (b) A name given in California to various composite plants which secrete resins or have a resinous smell.

ROSINY Ros"in*y, a.

Defn: like rosin, or having its qualities.

ROSLAND Ros"land, n. Etym: [W. rhos a meadow, a moor + E. land.]

Defn: heathy land; land full of heather; moorish or watery land. [prov. Eng.]

ROSMARINE Ros"ma*rine`, n. Etym: [OE. See Rosemary.]

1. Dew from the sea; sea dew. [Obs.] That purer brine And wholesome dew called rosmarine. B. Jonson.

2. Rosemary. [Obs.] Spenser. "Biting on anise seed and rosmarine." Bp. Hall.

ROSMARINE Ros"ma*rine, n. Etym: [Norw. rosmar a walrus; ros a horse (akin to E. horse) + (probably) mar the sea.]

Defn: A fabulous sea animal which was reported to climb by means of its teeth to the tops of rocks to feed upon the dew. And greedly rosmarines with visages deforme. Spenser.

ROSOLIC Ro*sol"ic, a. Etym: [Rose + carbolic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass, C20H16O3, which forms weak salts with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called also methyl aurin, and, formerly, corallin.

ROSS Ross; 115), n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.]

Defn: The rough, scaly matter on the surface of the bark of trees. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

ROSS Ross, v. t.

Defn: To divest of the ross, or rough, scaly surface; as, to ross bark. [Local, U.S.]

ROSSEL Ros"sel, n.

Defn: Light land; rosland. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Mortimer.

ROSSEL CURRENT Ros"sel cur`rent. [From Rossel Island, in the Louisiade Archipelago.] (Oceanography)

Defn: A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea.

ROSSEL CURRENT Ros"sel cur`rent. [From Rossel Island, in the Louisiade Archipelago.] (Oceanography)

Defn: A portion of the southern equatorial current flowing westward from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

ROSSELLY Ros"sel*ly, a.

Defn: Loose; light. [Obs.] Mortimer.

ROST Rost, n.

Defn: See Roust. [Scot.] Jemieson.

ROSTEL Ros"tel, n. Etym: [L. rostellum, dim. of rostrum a beak: cf. F. rostelle.]

Defn: same as Rostellum.

ROSTELLAR Ros*tel"lar, a.

Defn: Pertaining to a rostellum.

ROSTELLATE Ros"tel*late, a. Etym: [NL. rostellatus.]

Defn: Having a rostellum, or small beak; terminating in a beak.

ROSTELLIFORM Ros*tel"li*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a rostellum, or small beak.

ROSTELLUM Ros*tel"lum, n.; pl. Rostella. Etym: [L. See Rostel.]

Defn: A small beaklike process or extension of some part; a small rostrum; as, the rostellum of the stigma of violets, or of the operculum of many mosses; the rostellum on the head of a tapeworm.

ROSTER Ros"ter, n. Etym: [Perhaps a corruption of register; or cf. roll.] (Mil.)

Defn: A register or roll showing the order in which officers, enlisted men, companies, or regiments are called on to serve.

ROSTRA Ros"tra, n. pl.

Defn: See Rostrum, 2.

ROSTRAL Ros"tral, a. Etym: [L. rostralis, fr. rostrum a beak; cf. F. rostral.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the beak or snout of an animal, or the beak of a ship; resembling a rostrum, esp., the rostra at Rome, or their decorations. [Monuments] adorned with rostral crowns and naval ornaments. Addison.

ROSTRATE; ROSTRATED Ros"trate, Ros"tra*ted, a. Etym: [L. rostratus, fr. rostrum a beak. See Rostrum.]

1. Having a process resembling the beak of a bird; beaked; rostellate.

2. Furnished or adorned with beaks; as, rostrated galleys.

ROSTRIFERA Ros*trif"e*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. rostrum beak + ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head prolonged into a snout which is not retractile.

ROSTRIFORM Ros"tri*form, a. Etym: [L. rostrum a beak + -form: cf. F. rostrifarme.]

Defn: Having the form of a beak.

ROSTRULUM Ros"tru*lum, n.; pl. Rostrula. Etym: [NL., dim. of L. rostrum a beak.]

Defn: A little rostrum, or beak, as of an insect.

ROSTRUM Ros"trum, n.; pl. L. Rostra, E. Rostrums. Etym: [L., beak, ship's beak, fr. rodere, rosum, to gnaw. See Rodent.]

1. The beak or head of a ship.

2. pl. (Rostra) (Rom. Antiq.)

Defn: The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also to other platforms erected in Rome for the use of public orators.

3. Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform occupied by an orator or public speaker. Myself will mount the rostrum in his favor. Addison.

4. (Zoöl.) (a) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an animal, as the beak of birds. (b) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of Hemiptera. (c) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of Littorina. (d) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the prawn.

5. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rostellum.

6. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into its receiver in the common alembic. Quincy.

7. (Surg.)

Defn: A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a beaklike form. [Obs.] Coxe.

ROSULATE Ro"su*late, a. Etym: [NL. rosulatus, fr. L. rosa a rose.] (Bot.)

Defn: Arranged in little roselike clusters; -- said of leaves and bracts.

ROSY Ros"y, a. [Compar. Rosier; superl. Rosiest.]

Defn: Resembling a rose in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red; blushing; also, adorned with roses. A smile that glowed Celestial rosy-red, love's proper hue. Milton. While blooming youth and gay delight Sit thy rosy cheeks confessed. Prior.

Note: Rosy is sometimes used in the formation of selfrosy-bosomed, rosy-colored, rosy-crowned, rosy-fingered, rosy-tinted. Rosy cross. See the Note under Rosicrucian, n.

ROT Rot, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rotting.] Etym: [OE. rotien, AS. rotian; akin to D. rotten, Prov. G. rotten, OHG. rozz, G. rösten to steep flax, Icel. rotna to rot, Sw. ruttna, Dan. raadne, Icel. rottin rotten. sq. root117. Cf. Ret, Rotten.]

1. To undergo a process common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to decay. Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, propagate, and rot. Pope.

2. Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to die; to become corrupt. Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons. Macaulay. Rot, poor bachelor, in your club. Thackeray.

Syn. -- To putrefy; corrupt; decay; spoil.

ROT Rot, v. t.

1. To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes; as, to rot vegetable fiber.

2. To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.

ROT Rot, n.

1. Process of rotting; decay; putrefaction.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A disease or decay in fruits, leaves, or wood, supposed to be caused by minute fungi. See Bitter rot, Black rot, etc., below.

3. Etym: [Cf. G. rotz glanders.]

Defn: A fatal distemper which attacks sheep and sometimes other animals. It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm in the liver or gall bladder. See 1st Fluke, 2. His cattle must of rot and murrain die. Milton. Bitter rot (Bot.), a disease of apples, caused by the fungus Glæosporium fructigenum. F. L. Scribner. -- Black rot (Bot.), a disease of grapevines, attacking the leaves and fruit, caused by the fungus Læstadia Bidwellii. F. L. Scribner. -- Dry rot (Bot.) See under Dry. -- Grinder's rot (Med.) See under Grinder. -- Potato rot. (Bot.) See under Potato. -- White rot (Bot.), a disease of grapes, first appearing in whitish pustules on the fruit, caused by the fungus Coniothyrium diplodiella. F. L. Scribner.

ROTA Ro"ta, n. Etym: [L. rota wheel. The name is said to allude to the design of the floor of the room in which the court used to sit, which was that of a wheel. See Rotary.]

1. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, called also Rota Romana, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It consists of twelve members.

2. (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: A short-lived political club established in 1659 by J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement of a portion of Parliament.

ROTA Ro"ta, n. (Mus.)

Defn: A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in the Middle Ages in church music; -- written also rotta.

ROTACISM Ro"ta*cism, n.

Defn: See Rhotacism.

ROTAL Ro"tal, a.

Defn: Relating to wheels or to rotary motion; rotary. [R.]

ROTALITE Ro"ta*lite, n. Etym: [L. rota wheel + -lite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: Any fossil foraminifer of the genus Rotalia, abundant in the chalk formation. See Illust. under Rhizopod.

ROTARY Ro"ta*ry, a. Etym: [L. rota a wheel. See Roll, v., and cf. barouche, Rodomontade, Roué, Round, a., Rowel.]

Defn: Turning, as a wheel on its axis; pertaining to, or resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; rotatory; as, rotary motion. Rotary engine, steam engine in which the continuous rotation of the shaft is produced by the direct action of the steam upon rotating devices which serve as pistons, instead of being derived from a reciprocating motion, as in the ordinary engine; a steam turbine; -- called also rotatory engine. -- Rotary pump, a pump in which the fluid is impelled by rotating devices which take the place of reciprocating buckets or pistons. -- Rotary shears, shears, as for cloth, metal, etc., in which revolving sharp-edged or sharp-cornered wheels do the cutting. -- Rotary valve, a valve acting by continuous or partial rotation, as in the four-way cock.

ROTASCOPE Ro"ta*scope, n. Etym: [L. rota a wheel + -scope.]

Defn: Same as Gyroscope, 1.

ROTATE Ro"tate, a. Etym: [L. rotatus, p.p. of rotare to turn round like a wheel, fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Roue.]

Defn: Having the parts spreading out like a wheel; wheel-shaped; as, a rotate spicule or scale; a rotate corolla, i.e., a monopetalous corolla with a flattish border, and no tube or a very short one.

ROTATE Ro"tate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rotated; p. pr. & vb. n. Rotating.]

1. To turn, as a wheel, round an axis; to revolve.

2. To perform any act, function, or operation in turn, to hold office in turn; as, to rotate in office.

ROTATE Ro"tate, v. i.

1. To cause to turn round or revolve, as a wheel around an axle.

2. To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to succeed some one, or to be succeeded by some one, in office. [Colloq.] "Both, after a brief service, were rotated out of office." Harper's Mag.

ROTATED Ro"ta*ted, a.

Defn: Turned round, as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate.

ROTATION Ro*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. rotatio: cf. F. rotation.]

1. The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution.

2. Any return or succesion in a series. Moment of rotation. See Moment of inertia, under Moment. -- Rotation in office, the practice of changing public officers at frequent intervals by discharges and substitutions. -- Rotation of crops, the practices of cultivating an orderly succession of different crops on the same land.

ROTATION Ro*ta"tion, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity.

ROTATIVE Ro"ta*tive, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rotatif.]

Defn: turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational. This high rotative velocity of the sun must cause an equatorial rise of the solar atmosphere. Siemens. Rotative engine, a steam engine in which the reciprocating motion of the piston is transformed into a continuous rotary motion, as by means of a connecting rod, a working beam and crank, or an oscillating cylinder.

ROTATOR Ro*ta"tor, n. Etym: [L.]

1. (Anat.)

Defn: that which gives a rotary or rolling motion, as a muscle which partially rotates or turns some part on its axis.

2. (Metal.)

Defn: A revolving reverberatory furnace.

ROTATORIA Ro`ta*to"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Rotifera.

ROTATORY Ro"ta*to*ry, a. Etym: [Cf. F. rotatoire. See Rotate, Rotary.]

1. Turning as on an axis; rotary.

2. Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession; as, rotatory assembles. Burke.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: Producing rotation of the plane of polarization; as, the rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note under polarization. Nichol.

ROTATORY Ro"ta*to*ry, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A rotifer. [R.] Kirby.

ROTCHE Rotche, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A very small arctic sea bird (Mergulus alle, or Alle alle) common on both coasts of the Atlantic in winter; -- called also little auk, dovekie, rotch, rotchie, and sea dove.

ROTCHET Rotch"et, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The European red gurnard (Trigla pini).

ROTE Rote, n.

Defn: A root. [Obs.] Chaucer.

ROTE Rote, n. Etym: [OE. rote, probably of German origin; cf. MHG. rotte, OHG. rota, hrota, LL. chrotta. Cf. Crowd a kind of violin.] (Mus.)

Defn: A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy- gurdy. Well could he sing and play on a rote. Chaucer. extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes. Sir W. Scott.

ROTE Rote, n. Etym: [Cf. Rut roaring.]

Defn: The noise produced by the surf of the sea dashing upon the shore. See Rut.

ROTE Rote, n. Etym: [OF. rote, F. route, road, path. See Route, and cf. Rut a furrow, Routine.]

Defn: A frequent repetition of forms of speech without attention to the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote. Swift. till he the first verse could [i. e., knew] all by rote. Chaucer. Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell. Shak.

ROTE Rote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roting.]

Defn: To learn or repeat by rote. [Obs.] Shak.

ROTE Rote, v. i.

Defn: To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. [Obs.] Z. Grey.

ROTELLA Ro*tel"la, n. Etym: [NL., dim. of rota wheel; cf. LL. rotella a little whell.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of small, polished, brightcolored gastropods of the genus Rotella, native of tropical seas.

ROTGUT Rot"gut, n.

1. Bad small beer. [Slang]

2. Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so as to be very deleterious. [Slang]

ROTHER Roth"er, a. Etym: [AS. hryedher; cf. D. rund.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Bovine. -- n.

Defn: A bovine beast. [Obs.] Shak. Rother beasts, cattle of the bovine genus; black cattle. [Obs.] Golding. -- Rother soil, the dung of rother beasts.

ROTHER Roth"er, n. Etym: [OE. See Rudder.]

Defn: A rudder. Rother nail, a nail with a very full head, used for fastening the rudder irons of ships; -- so called by shipwrights.

ROTIFER Ro"ti*fer, n. Etym: [NL. see Rotifera.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Rotifera. See Illust. in Appendix.

ROTIFERA Ro*tif"e*ra, n.; pl. Etym: [NL., from L. rota ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often give an appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and habits.

ROTIFORM Ro"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. rota wheel + -form.]

1. Wheel-shaped; as, rotiform appendages.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Rotate.

ROTOGRAPH Ro"to*graph, n. (Photography)

Defn: A photograph printed by a process in which a strip or roll of sensitized paper is automatically fed over the negative so that a series of prints are made, and are then developed, fixed, cut apart, and washed at a very rapid rate.

ROTOR Ro"tor, n. (Elec.)

Defn: The rotating part of a generator or motor.

ROTTA Rot"ta, n. (Mus.)

Defn: See Rota.

ROTTEN Rot"ten, a. Etym: [Icel. rotinn; akin to Sw. rutten, Dan. radden. See Rot.]

Defn: Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten meat. Hence: (a) Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting. You common cry or curs! whose breath I hate As reek of the rotten fens. Shak.

(b) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous; unsafe; as, a rotten plank, bone, stone. "The deepness of the rotten way." Knolles. Rotten borough. See under Borough. -- Rotten stone (Min.), a soft stone, called also Tripoli (from the country from which it was formerly brought), used in all sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the arts, and for cleaning metallic substances. The name is also given to other friable siliceous stones applied to like uses.

Syn. -- Putrefied; decayed; carious; defective; unsound; corrupt; deceitful; treacherous. -- Rot"ten*ly, adv. -- Rot"ten*ness, n.

ROTULA Rot"u*la, n. Etym: [L., a little wheel; cf. It. rotula.] (Anat.)

Defn: The patella, or kneepan.

ROTULAR Rot"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. rotula, dim. of rota wheel.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the rotula, or kneepan.

ROTUND Ro*tund", a. Etym: [L. rotundus. See Round, and cf. Rotunda.]

1. Round; circular; spherical.

2. Hence; complete; entire.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: orbicular, or nearly so. Gray.

ROTUND Ro*tund", n.

Defn: A rotunds. [Obs.] Burke.

ROTUNDA Ro*tun"da, n. Etym: [Cf. It. rotonda, F. rotonde; both fr. L. rotundus round. See Rotund, a.] (Arch.)

Defn: A round building; especially, one that is round both on the outside and inside, like the Pantheon at Rome. Less properly, but very commonly, used for a large round room; as, the rotunda of the Capitol at Washington.

ROTUNDATE Ro*tund"ate, a.

Defn: Rounded; especially, rounded at the end or ends, or at the corners.

ROTUNDIFOLIOUS Ro*tund`i*fo"li*ous, a. Etym: [L. rotundus round + folium a leaf.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having round leaves.

ROTUNDITY Ro*tund"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. rotunditas: cf. F. rotondité.]

1. The state or quality of being rotu Smite flat the thick rotundity o'the world! Shak.

2. Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness. For the more rotundity of the number and grace of the matter, it passeth for a full thousand. Fuller. A boldness and rotundity of speech. Hawthorne.

ROTUNDNESS Ro*tund"ness, n.

Defn: Roundness; rotundity.

ROTUNDO Ro*tun"do, n.

Defn: See Rotunda.

ROTURE Ro`ture, n. [F.]

1. The condition of being a roturier.

2. (Fr. & Canadian Law) A feudal tenure of lands by one who has no privileges of nobility, but is permitted to discharge all his obligations to his feudal lord or superior by a payment of rent in money or kind and without rendering any personal services.

ROTURER Ro*tur"er, n.

Defn: A roturier. [Obs.] Howell.

ROTURIER Ro`tu`rier", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A person who is not of noble birth; specif., a freeman who during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial land.

ROTY Rot"y, v. t. Etym: [See Rot.]

Defn: To make rotten. [Obs.] Well bet is rotten apple out of hoard, Than that it roty all the remenant. Chaucer.

ROUBLE Rou"ble, n.

Defn: A coin. See Ruble.

ROUCHE Rouche, n.

Defn: See Ruche.

ROUE Rou`é", n. Etym: [F., properly p.p. of rouer to break upon the wheel, fr. roue a wheel, L. rota. See Rotate, Rotary.]

Defn: One devoted to a life of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake.

ROUET Rou`et", n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of firelocks for discharging them. Crabb.

ROUGE Rouge, a. Etym: [F., fr. L. rubeus red, akin to rubere to be red, ruber red. See Red.]

Defn: red. [R.] Rouge et noir ( Etym: [F., red and black], a game at cards in which persons play against the owner of the bank; -- so called because the table around which the players sit has certain compartments colored red and black, upon which the stakes are deposited. Hoyle.

ROUGE Rouge, n. Etym: [F.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc.

2. A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is often made from carmine. Ure.

ROUGE Rouge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rouged; p. pr. & vb. n. Rouging .]

Defn: To paint the face or cheeks with rouge.

ROUGE Rouge, v. t.

Defn: To tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks.

ROUGECROIX Rouge`croix" ( or ), n. Etym: [F., literally, red cross.] (Her.)

Defn: One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.

ROUGE DRAGON Rouge" drag`on, n. Etym: [F., literally, red dragon.] (Her.)

Defn: One of the four pursuivants of the English college of arms.

ROUGH Rough, a. [Compar. Rougher; superl. Roughest.] Etym: [OE. rou, rou, row, rugh, ruh, AS. r; akin to LG. rug, D. rug, D. ruig, ruw, OHG. r, G. rauh, rauch; cf. Lith. raukas wrinkle, rukti to wrinkle. sq. root 18. Cf. Rug, n.]

1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth. Specifically: (a) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. "Rough, uneven ways." Shak. (b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond. (c) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water. More unequal than the roughest sea. T. Burnet.

(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. "A visage rough." Dryden. "Roughsatyrs." Milton.

2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. Specifically: (a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper. A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough. Shak. A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds. Prior.

(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions. On the rough edge of battle. Milton. A quicker and rougher remedy. Clarendon. Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which rough and imperious usage often produces. Locke.

(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. Pope. (d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine. (e) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day. He stayeth his rough wind. Isa. xxvii. 8. Time and the hour runs through the roughest day. Shak.

(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught. Rough diamond, an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior. -- Rough and ready. (a) Acting with offhand promptness and efficiency. "The rough and ready understanding." Lowell. (b) Produced offhand. "Some rough and ready theory." Tylor.

ROUGH Rough, n.

1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.] Fletcher.

2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy. In the rough, in an unwrought or rude condition; unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the rough. Contemplating the people in the rough. Mrs. Browning.

ROUGH Rough, adv.

Defn: In a rough manner; rudely; roughly. Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats. Sir W. Scott.

ROUGH Rough, v. t.

1. To render rough; to roughen.

2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. Crabb.

3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch. Roughing rolls, rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a bloom of iron to bars. -- To rough it, to endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary comforts.

ROUGHCAST Rough`cast", v. t.

1. To form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction, or polish. Dryden.

2. To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with asperities and inequalities.

3. To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles; as, to roughcast a building.

ROUGHCAST Rough"cast`, n.

1. A rude model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a thing.

2. A kind of plastering made of lime, with a mixture of shells or pebbles, used for covering buildings. Shak.

ROUGHCASTER Rough"cast`er, n.

Defn: One who roughcasts.

ROUGHDRAW Rough"draw`, v. t.

Defn: To draw or delineate rapidly and by way of a first sketch.

ROUGHDRY Rough"dry`, v. t.

Defn: in laundry work, to dry without smoothing or ironing.

ROUGHEN Rough"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roughened; p. pr. & vb. n. Roughening.] Etym: [From Rough.]

Defn: To make rough.

ROUGHEN Rough"en, v. i.

Defn: To grow or become rough.

ROUGH-FOOTED Rough"-foot`ed, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Feather-footed; as, a rough-footed dove. [R.] Sherwood.

ROUGH-GRAINED Rough"-grained, a.

Defn: Having a rough grain or fiber; hence, figuratively, having coarse traits of character; not polished; brisque.

ROUGHHEAD Rough"head`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The redfin.

ROUGHHEW Rough"hew`, v. t.

1. To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to roughhew timber.

2. To give the first form or shape to; to form rudely; to shape appromaxitely and rudely; to roughcast. There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Roughhew them how we will. Shak.

ROUGHHEWER Rough"hew`er, n.

Defn: One who roughhews.

ROUGHHEWN Rough"hewn`, a.

1. Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not polished.

2. Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated; rough-grained. "A roughhewn seaman." Bacon.

ROUGHING-IN Rough"ing-in`, n.

Defn: The first coat of plaster laid on brick; also, the process of applying it.

ROUGHINGS Rough"ings, n. pl.

Defn: Rowen. [Prov. Eng.]

ROUGHISH Rough"ish, a.

Defn: Somewhat rough.

ROUGHLEG Rough"leg`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of several species of large hawks of the genus Archibuteo, having the legs feathered to the toes. Called also rough- legged hawk, and rough-legged buzzard.

Note: The best known species is Archibuteo lagopus of Northern Europe, with its darker American variety (Sancti-johannis). The latter is often nearly or quite black. The ferruginous roughleg (Archibuteo ferrugineus) inhabits Western North America.

ROUGH-LEGGED Rough"-legged`, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having the legs covered with feathers; -- said of a bird. rough-legged hawk. (Zoöl.) See Roughleg.

ROUGHLY Rough"ly, adv.

Defn: In a rough manner; unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely; austerely.

ROUGHNESS Rough"ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being rough.

ROUGHRIDER Rough"rid`er, n.

Defn: One who breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a noncommissioned officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist the riding master.

ROUGHSCUFF Rough"scuff, n. Etym: [Rough + scuff.]

Defn: A rough, coarse fellow; collectively, the lowest class of the people; the rabble; the riffraff. [Colloq. U.S.]

ROUGHSETTER Rough"set`ter, n.

Defn: A mason who builds rough stonework.

ROUGHSHOD Rough"shod, a.

Defn: Shod with shoes armed with points or calks; as, a roughshod horse. To ride roughshod, to pursue a course regardless of the pain or distress it may cause others.

ROUGHSTRINGS Rough"strings`, n. pl. (Capr.)

Defn: Pieces of undressed timber put under the steps of a wooden stair for their support.

ROUGHT Rought, obs.

Defn: imp. of Reach.

ROUGHT Rought, obs.

Defn: imp. of Reck, to care. Chaucer.

ROUGHTAIL Rough"tail`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of small ground snakes of the family Uropeltidæ; -- so called from their rough tails.

ROUGHWORK Rough"work`, v. t.

Defn: To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, smoothness, or finish. Moxon.

ROUGHWROUGHT Rough"wrought`, a.

Defn: Wrought in a rough, unfinished way; worked over coarsely.

ROUK Rouk, v. i.

Defn: See 5th Ruck, and Roke. [Obs.]

ROULADE Rou`lade", n. Etym: [F.] (Mus.)

Defn: A smoothly running passage of short notes (as semiquavers, or sixteenths) uniformly grouped, sung upon one long syllable, as in Handel's oratorios.

ROULEAU Rou`leau", n.; pl. F. Rouleaux (F. , E. Rouleaus. Etym: [F., a roll, dim. fr. fr. rôle, formerly also spelt roulle. See Roll.]

Defn: A little roll; a roll of coins put up in paper, or something resembling such a roll.

ROULETTE Rou*lette", n. Etym: [F., properly, a little wheel or ball. See Rouleau, Roll.]

1. A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red and black spaces, the one on which it stops indicating the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to order to produce rows of dots. (b) A similar wheel used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making alterations in a mezzotint.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: the curve traced by any point in the plane of a given curve when the latter rolls, without sliding, over another fixed curve. See Cycloid, and Epycycloid.

ROULY-POULY Rou"ly-pou`ly, n.

Defn: See Rolly-pooly.

ROUMANIAN Rou*ma"ni*an, a. [Written also Rumanian.] [From Roumania, the name of the country, Roumanian România, fr. Român Roumanian, L. Romanus Roman.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Roumania.

ROUMANIAN Rou*ma"ni*an, n.

Defn: An inhabitant of Roumania; also, the language of Roumania, one of the Romance or Romanic languages descended from Latin, but containing many words from other languages, as Slavic, Turkish, and Greek.

ROUN; ROWN Roun, Rown, v. i. & t. Etym: [AS. r, fr. r a rune, secret, mystery; akin to G. raunen to whisper. See Rune.]

Defn: To whisper. [obs.] Gower. Another rouned to his fellow low. Chaucer.

ROUNCE Rounce, n. Etym: [Cf. F. ronce bramble, brier, thorn, ranche a round, step, rack, or E. round.] (Print.)

Defn: The handle by which the bed of a hand press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by which the form is moved under the platen.

ROUNCEVAL Roun"ce*val, a. Etym: [F. Ronceval, Roncevaux, a town at the foot of the foot of the Pyrenees, Sp. Roncesvalles.]

Defn: Large; strong; -- from the gigantic bones shown at Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes. [Obs.]

ROUNCEVAL Roun"ce*val, n.

Defn: A giant; anything large; a kind of pea called also marrowfat. [Obs.]

ROUNCY Roun"cy, n.

Defn: A common hackney horse; a nag. [Obs.] he rode upon a rouncy as he could. Chaucer.

ROUND Round, v. i. & t. Etym: [From Roun.]

Defn: To whisper. [obs.] Shak. Holland. The Bishop of Glasgow rounding in his ear, "Ye are not a wise man," . . . he rounded likewise to the bishop, and said, "Wherefore brought ye me here" Calderwood.

ROUND Round, a. Etym: [OF. roond, roont, reond, F. rond, fr. L. rotundus, fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Rotund, roundel, Rundlet.]

1. Having every portion of the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a spherical or a circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a round ball. "The big, round tears." Shak. Upon the firm opacous globe Of this round world. Milton.

2. Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel of a musket is round.