Chapter CDXLIII: Prologue (94)

Defn: Situated above the choroid; -- applied to the layer of the choroid coat of the eyeball next to the sclerotic.

SUPRACILIARY Su`pra*cil"i*a*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Superciliary.

SUPRACLAVICLE Su`pra*clav"i*cle, n. (Anat.)

Defn: A bone which usually connects the clavicle with the post- temporal in the pectorial arch of fishes.

SUPRACLAVICULAR Su`pra*cla*vic"u*lar, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated above the clavicle. (b) Of or pertaining to the supraclavicle.

SUPRACONDYLAR; SUPRACONDYLOID Su`pra*con"dy*lar, Su`pra*con"dy*loid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above a condyle or condyles.

SUPRACOSTAL Su`pra*cos"tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or on the outside of, the ribs.

SUPRACRANIAL Su`pra*cra"ni*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or in the roof of, the cranium.

SUPRACRETACEOUS Su`pra*cre*ta"ceous, a. (Geol.)

Defn: Lying above the chalk; Supercretaceous.

SUPRADECOMPOUND Su`pra*de*com"pound, a. (Bot.)

Defn: More than decompound; divided many times.

SUPRA-ESOPHAGAL; SUPRA-ESOPHAGEAL Su`pra-e*soph"a*gal, Su`pra-e`so*phag"e*al, a. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the esophagus; as, the supra-esophageal ganglion of Crustacea. [Written also supra- oesophagal, and supra-oesophageal.]

SUPRA-ETHMOID Su`pra-eth"moid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Above, or on the dorsal side of, the ethmoid bone or cartilage.

SUPRAFOLIACEOUS Su`pra*fo`li*a"ceous, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Inserted into the stem above the leaf, petiole, or axil, as a peduncle or flower.

SUPRAGLOTIC Su`pra*glot"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the glottis; -- applied to that part of the cavity of the larynx above the true vocal cords.

SUPRAHEPATIC Su`pra*he*pat"ic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated over, or on the dorsal side of, the liver; -- applied to the branches of the hepatic veins.

SUPRAHYOID Su`pra*hy"oid, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Hyomental.

SUPRA-ILIUM Su`pra-il"i*um, n. (Anat.)

Defn: The cartilaginous cap at the sacral end of the ilium of some animals.

SUPRALAPSARIAN Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, n. Etym: [Supra- + lapse: cf. F. supralapsaire.] (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of that class of Calvinists who believed that God's decree of election determined that man should fall, in order that the opportunity might be furnished of securing the redemption of a part of the race, the decree of salvation being conceived of as formed before or beyond, and not after or following, the lapse, or fall. Cf. Infralapsarian.

SUPRALAPSARIAN Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Supralapsarians, or their doctrine.

SUPRALAPSARIANISM Su`pra*lap*sa"ri*an*ism, n.

Defn: The doctrine, belief, or principles of the Supralapsarians.

SUPRALAPSARY Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, a.

Defn: Supralapsarian.

SUPRALAPSARY Su`pra*lap"sa*ry, n.

Defn: A Supralapsarian.

SUPRALORAL Su`pra*lo"ral, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated above the lores; as, the supraloral feathers of a bird. -- n.

Defn: A supraloral feather.

SUPRALUNAR; SUPRALUNARY Su`pra*lu"nar, Su`pra*lu"na*ry, a.

Defn: Beyond the moon; hence, very lofty.

SUPRAMAXILLA Su`pra*max"il*la, n.; pl. Supramaxillæ (. (Anat.)

Defn: The upper jaw or maxilla.

SUPRAMAXILLARY Su`pra*max"il*la*ry, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated over the lower jaw; as, the supramaxillary nerve. (b) Of or pertaining to the upper jaw.

SUPRAMUNDANE Su`pra*mun"dane, a.

Defn: Being or situated above the world or above our system; celestial.

SUPRANATURALISM Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ism, n.

Defn: The state of being supernatural; belief in supernatural agency or revelation; supernaturalism.

SUPRANATURALIST Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, n.

Defn: A supernaturalist.

SUPRANATURALIST; SUPRANATURALISTIC Su`pra*nat"u*ral*ist, Su`pra*nat`u*ral*is"tic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to supernaturalism; supernaturalistic.

SUPRAOCCIPITAL Su`pra*oc*cip"i*tal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated over, or in the upper part of, the occiput; of or pertaining to the supraoccipital bone. -- n.

Defn: The supraoccipital bone. Supraoccipital bone (Anat.), a bone on the dorsal side of the great foramen of the skull, usually forming a part of the occipital in the adult, but distinct in the young.

SUPRAOCULAR Su`pra*oc"u*lar, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Above the eyes; -- said of certain scales of fishes and reptiles.

SUPRA-OESOPHAGAL Su`pra-oe*soph"a*gal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: See Supra-esophagal.

SUPRAORBITAL; SUPRAORBITAR Su`pra*or"bit*al, Su`pra*or"bit*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the orbit of the eye. Supraorbital point (Anat.), the middle point of the supraorbital line, which is a line drawn across the narrowest part of the forehead, separating the face from the cranium; the ophryon.

SUPRAPEDAL Su*prap"e*dal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Situated above the foot of a mollusk; as, the suprapedal gland.

SUPRAPROTEST Su`pra*pro"test, n. (Mercantile Law)

Defn: An acceptance of a bill by a third person after protest for nonacceptance by the drawee. Burrill.

SUPRAPUBIAN; SUPRAPUBIC Su`pra*pu"bi*an, Su`pra*pu"bic, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the pubic bone.

SUPRARENAL Su`pra*re"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the kidneys. -- n.

Defn: A suprarenal capsule. Suprarenal capsules (Anat.), two small bodies of unknown function in front of, or near, the kidneys in most vertebrates. Also called renal capsules, and suprarenal bodies.

SUPRASCALPULAR; SUPRASCALPULARY Su`pra*scalp"u*lar, Su`pra*scalp"u*la*ry, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or on the anterior side of, the scapula.

SUPRASPHENOIDAL Su`pra*sphe*noid"al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the sphenoidal bone; as, the suprasphenoidal appendage, or pituitary body.

SUPRASPINAL Su`pra*spi"nal, a. (Anat.) (a) Situated above the vertebral column. (b) Situated above a spine or spines; supraspinate; supraspinous.

SUPRASPINATE; SUPRASPINOUS Su`pra*spi"nate, Su`pra*spi"nous, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above a spine or spines; especially, situated above, or on the dorsal side of, the neural spines of the vertebral column, or above, or in front of, the spine of the scapula.

SUPRASTAPEDIAL Su`pra*sta*pe"di*al, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, that part of the columella of the ear which projects above the connection with the stapes, as in many animals. -- n.

Defn: The suprastapedial part of the columella.

SUPRASTERNAL Su`pra*ster"nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above, or anterior to, the sternum.

SUPRATEMPORAL Su`pra*tem"po*ral, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above the temporal bone or temporal fossa. -- n.

Defn: A supratemporal bone.

SUPRATROCHLEAR Su`pra*troch"le*ar, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated over or above a trochlea or trochlear surface; -- applied esp. to one of the subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve.

SUPRAVAGINAL Su`pra*vag"i*nal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Situated above or outside a sheath or vaginal membrane.

SUPRAVISION Su`pra*vi"sion, n.

Defn: Supervision. [Obs.]

SUPRAVISOR Su`pra*vis"or, n.

Defn: A supervisor. [Obs.]

SUPRAVULGAR Su`pra*vul"gar, a.

Defn: Being above the vulgar or common people. [R.] Collier.

SUPREMACY Su*prem"a*cy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suprématie. See Supreme.]

Defn: The state of being supreme, or in the highest station of power; highest or supreme authority or power; as, the supremacy of a king or a parliament. The usurped power of the pope being destroyed, the crown was restored to its supremacy over spiritual men and causes. Blackstone. Oath supremacy, an oath which acknowledges the supremacy of the sovereign in spiritual affairs, and renounced or abjures the supremacy of the pope in ecclesiastical or temporal affairs. [Eng.] Brande & C.

SUPREME Su*preme", a. Etym: [L. supremus, superlative of superus that is above, upper, fr. super above: cf. F. suprême. See Super-, and cf. Sum.]

1. Highest in authority; holding the highest place in authority, government, or power. He that is the supreme King of kings. Shak.

2. Highest; greatest; most excellent or most extreme; utmost; greatist possible (sometimes in a bad sense); as, supreme love; supreme glory; supreme magnanimity; supreme folly. Each would be supreme within its own sphere, and those spheres could not but clash. De Quincey.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Situated at the highest part or point. The Supreme, the Almighty; God.

SUPREMELY Su*preme"ly, adv.

Defn: In a supreme manner.

SUPREMITY Su*prem"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. LL. supremitas.]

Defn: Supremacy. [Obs.] Fuller.

SUR- Sur-. Etym: [F. sur over, above, contr. fr. L. super, supra. See Super-.]

Defn: A prefix signifying over, above, beyond, upon.

SURA Su"ra, n. Etym: [Ar., a step, a degree.]

Defn: One of the sections or chapters of the Koran, which are one hundred and fourteen in number.

SURADANNI Su`ra*dan"ni, n.

Defn: A valuable kind of wood obtained on the shores of the Demerara River in South America, much used for timbers, rails, naves and fellies of wheels, and the like.

SURADDITION Sur`ad*di"tion, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: Something added or appended, as to a name. [Obs.] Shak.

SURAH Su"rah, n.

Defn: A soft twilled silk fabric much used for women's dresses; -- called also surah silk.

SURAL Su"ral, a. Etym: [L. sura the calf of the leg: cf. F. sural.] (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the calf of the leg; as, the sural arteries.

SURANCE Sur"ance, n.

Defn: Assurance. [Obs.] Shak.

SURANGULAR Sur*an"gu*lar, a. Etym: [Pref. sur- + angular.] (Anat.)

Defn: Above the angular bone; supra-angular; -- applied to a bone of the lower jaw in many reptiles and birds. -- n.

Defn: The surangular bone.

SURBASE Sur"base`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + base.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A cornice, or series of moldings, on the top of the base of a pedestal, podium, etc. See Illust. of Column.

2. A board or group of moldings running round a room on a level with the tops of the chair backs. Knight.

SURBASED Sur"based`, a. (Arch.) (a) Having a surbase, or molding above the base. (b) Etym: [F. surbaissé.]

Defn: Having the vertical height from springing line to crown less than the half span; -- said of an arch; as, a segmental arch is surbased.

SURBATE Sur*bate", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbated; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbating.] Etym: [F. solbatu, p.p., bruised (said of a horse's foot); sole a sole (of a horse's foot) + battu, p.p. of battre to beat.]

1. To make sore or bruise, as the feet by travel. [Obs.] Lest they their fins should bruise, and surbate sore Their tender feet upon the stony ground. Spenser. Chalky land surbates and spoils oxen's feet. Mortimer.

2. To harass; to fatigue. [Obs.] Clarendon.

SURBEAT Sur*beat", v. t.

Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]

SURBED Sur*bed", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surbedded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surbedding.] Etym: [Pref. sur- + bed.]

Defn: To set edgewise, as a stone; that is, to set it in a position different from that which it had in the quarry. It . . . has something of a grain parallel with the horizon, and therefore should not be surbedded. Gilbert White.

SURBET Sur*bet", v. t.

Defn: Same as Surbate. [Obs.]

SURBET Sur*bet", a.

Defn: Surbated; bruised. [Obs.] Spenser.

SURCEASE Sur*cease", n. Etym: [F. sursis, from sursis, p.p. of surseoir to suspend, postpone, defer, in OF., to delay, refrain from, forbear, L. supersedere. Surcease is not connected with E. cease. See Supersede.]

Defn: Cessation; stop; end. "Not desire, but its surcease." Longfellow. It is time that there were an end and surcease made of this immodest and deformed manner of writing. Bacon.

SURCEASE Sur*cease", v. t.

Defn: To cause to cease; to end. [Obs.] "The waves . . . their range surceast." Spenser. The nations, overawed, surceased the fight. Dryden.

SURCEASE Sur*cease", v. i.

Defn: To cease. [Obs.]

SURCEASEANCE Sur*cease"ance, n.

Defn: Cessation. [Obs.]

SURCHARGE Sur*charge", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcharged; p. pr. & vb. n. Surcharging.] Etym: [F. surcharger. See Sur-, and Charge, and cf. Overcharge, Supercharge, Supercargo.]

1. To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge; as, to surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon. Four charged two, and two surcharged one. Spenser. Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view, Droops like a rose surcharged with morning dew. Dryden.

2. (Law) (a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as a common, than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain. Blackstone. (b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given. Story. Daniel.

SURCHARGE Sur*charge", n. Etym: [F.]

1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater than can well be borne. A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state, for it is surcharge of expense. Bacon.

2. (Law) (a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the common than he has a right to. (b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been given. Burrill.

SURCHARGEMENT Sur*charge"ment, n.

Defn: The act of surcharging; also, surcharge, surplus. [Obs.] Daniel.

SURCHARGER Sur*char"ger, n.

Defn: One who surcharges.

SURCINGLE Sur"cin`gle, n. Etym: [OE. sursengle, OF. sursangle. See Sur-, and Cingle, Shingles.]

1. A belt, band, or girth which passes over a saddle, or over anything laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: The girdle of a cassock, by which it is fastened round the waist.

SURCINGLED Sur"cin`gled, a.

Defn: Bound with the surcingle.

SURCLE Sur"cle, n. Etym: [L. surculus.]

Defn: A little shoot; a twig; a sucker. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SURCLOY Sur"cloy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surcloyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surcloying.]

Defn: To surfeit. [Obs.]

SURCOAT Sur"coat`, n. Etym: [OE. surcote, OF. surcote. See Sur-, and Coat, and cf. Overcoat.]

1. A coat worn over the other garments; especially, the long and flowing garment of knights, worn over the armor, and frequently emblazoned with the arms of the wearer. A long surcoat of pers upon he had.. Chaucer. At night, or in the rain, He dons a surcoat which he doffs at morn. Emerson.

2. A name given to the outer garment of either sex at different epochs of the Middle Ages.

SURCREW Sur"crew`, n. Etym: [From F. surcroît increase, or surcrû, p.p. of surcroître to overgrow.]

Defn: Increase; addition; surplus. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

SURCULATE Sur"cu*late, v. t. Etym: [L. surculatus, p.p. of surculare to purne, from surculus a shoot, sprout. See Surcle.]

Defn: To purne; to trim. [Obs.] Cockeram.

SURCULATION Sur`cu*la"tion, n.

Defn: Act of purning. [Obs.]

SURCULOSE Sur"cu*lose`, a. Etym: [CF. L. sucrulosus woody. See Surcle.] (Bot.)

Defn: Producing suckers, or shoots resembling suckers.

SURD Surd, a. Etym: [L. surdus deaf (whence the meaning, deaf to reason, irrational), perhaps akin to E. swart. Cf. Sordine.]

1. Net having the sense of hearing; deaf. [Obs.] "A surd . . . generation." Sir T. Browne.

2. Unheard. [Obs.] Kenrick.

3. (Math.)

Defn: Involving surds; not capable of being expressed in rational numbers; radical; irrational; as, a surd expression or quantity; a surd number.

4. (Phonetics)

Defn: Uttered, as an element of speech, without tone, or proper vocal sound; voiceless; unintonated; nonvocal; atonic; whispered; aspirated; sharp; hard, as f, p, s, etc.; -- opposed to sonant. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§169, 179, 180.

SURD Surd, n. (Math.)

1. A quantity which can not be expressed by rational numbers; thus, *2 is a surd.

2. (Phon.)

Defn: A surd element of speech. See Surd, a., 4.

SURDAL Surd"al, a. (Math.)

Defn: Same as Surd, a., 3.

SURDINY Surd"i*ny, n.

Defn: A sardine. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

SURDITY Surd"i*ty, n. Etym: [L. surditas.]

Defn: Deafness. [Obs.]

SURE Sure, a. [Compar. Surer; superl. Surest.] Etym: [OE. sur, OF. seür, F. sûr, L. securus; se aside, without + cura care. See Secure, and cf. Assure, Insure, Sicker sure.]

1. Certainly knowing and believing; confident beyond doubt; implicity trusting; unquestioning; positive. We are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things. Rom. ii. 2. I'm sure care 's an enemy of life. Shak.

2. Certain to find or retain; as, to be sure of game; to be sure of success; to be sure of life or health.

3. Fit or worthy to be depended on; certain not to fail or disappoint expectation; unfailing; strong; permanent; enduring. "His sure word." Keble. The Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house; because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord. 1 Sam. xxv. 28. The testimony of the Lord is sure. Ps. xix. 7. Which put in good sure leather sacks. Chapman.

4. Betrothed; engaged to marry. [Obs.] The king was sure to Dame Elizabeth Lucy, and her husband before God. Sir T. More. I presume . . . that you had been sure as fast as faith could bind you, man and wife. Brome.

5. Free from danger; safe; secure. Fear not; the forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that we are sure enough. Shak. -- To be sure, or Be sure, certainly; without doubt; as, Shall you do To be sure I shall. -- To make sure. (a) To make certain; to secure so that there can be no failure of the purpose or object. "Make Cato sure." Addison. "A peace can not fail, provided we make sure of Spain." Sir W. Temple. (b) To betroth. [Obs.] She that's made sure to him she loves not well. Cotgrave.

Syn. -- Certain; unfailing; infallible; safe; firm; permanent; steady; stable; strong; secure; indisputable; confident; positive.

SURE Sure, adv.

Defn: In a sure manner; safely; certainly. "Great, sure, shall be thy meed." Spenser. 'T is pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print. Byron.

SURE-FOOTED Sure"-foot`ed, a.

Defn: Not liable to stumble or fall; as, a sure-footed horse.

SURELY Sure"ly, adv.

1. In a sure or certain manner; certainly; infallibly; undoubtedly; assuredly. In the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. Gen. ii. 17. He that created something out of nothing, surely can raise great things out of small. South.

2. Without danger; firmly; steadly; securely. He that walketh uprightly walketh surely. Prov. x. 9.

SUREMENT Sure"ment, n.

Defn: A making sure; surety. [Obs.] Every surement and every bond. Chaucer.

SURENESS Sure"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being sure; certainty. For more sureness he repeats it. Woodward. The law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Emerson.

SURESBY Sures"by, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain. See Rudesby.]

Defn: One to be sure of, or to be relied on. [Obs.] There is one which is suresby, as they say, to serve, if anything will serve. Bradford.

SURETISHIP Sure"ti*ship, n.

Defn: Suretyship. Prov. xi. 15.

SURETY Sure"ty, n.; pl. Sureties. Etym: [OE. seurte, OF. seürté, F. sûreté. See Sure, Security.]

1. The state of being sure; certainty; security. Know of a surety, that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs. Gen. xv. 13. For the more surety they looked round about. Sir P. Sidney.

2. That which makes sure; that which confirms; ground of confidence or security. [We] our happy state Hold, as you yours, while our obedience holds; On other surety none. Milton.

3. Security against loss or damage; security for payment, or for the performance of some act. There remains unpaid A hundred thousand more; in surety of the which One part of Aquitaine is bound to us. Shak.

4. (Law)

Defn: One who is bound with and for another who is primarily liable, and who is called the principal; one who engages to answer for another's appearance in court, or for his payment of a debt, or for performance of some act; a bondsman; a bail. He that is surety for a stranger shall smart for it. Prov. xi. 15.

5. Hence, a substitute; a hostage. Cowper.

6. Evidence; confirmation; warrant. [Obs.] She called the saints to surety, That she would never put it from her finger, Unless she gave it to yourself. Shak.

SURETY Sure"ty, v. t.

Defn: To act as surety for. [Obs.] Shak.

SURETYSHIP Sure"ty*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being surety; the obligation of a person to answer for the debt, default, or miscarriage of another. Bouvier.

SURF Surf, n. Etym: [Formerly spelled suffe, and probably the same word as E. sough.]

Defn: The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore, esp. upon a sloping beach. Surf bird (Zoöl.), a ploverlike bird of the genus Aphriza, allied to the turnstone. -- Surf clam (Zoöl.), a large clam living on the open coast, especially Mactra, or Spisula, solidissima. See Mactra. -- Surf duck (Zoöl.), any one of several species of sea ducks of the genus Oidemia, especially O. percpicillata; -- called also surf scoter. See the Note under Scoter. -- Surf fish (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of California embiotocoid fishes. See Embiotocoid. -- Surf smelt. (Zoöl.) See Smelt. -- Surf whiting. (Zoöl.) See under Whiting.

SURF Surf, n.

Defn: The bottom of a drain. [Prov. Eng.]

SURFACE Sur"face`, n. Etym: [F. See Sur-, and Face, and cf. Superficial.]

1. The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body. The bright surface of this ethereous mold. Milton.

2. Hence, outward or external appearance. Vain and weak understandings, which penetrate no deeper than the surface. V. Knox.

3. (Geom.)

Defn: A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.

4. (Fort.)

Defn: That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion. Stocqueler. Caustic surface, Heating surface, etc. See under Caustic, Heating, etc. -- Surface condensation, Surface condenser. See under Condensation, and Condenser. -- Surface gauge (Mach.), an instrument consisting of a standard having a flat base and carrying an adjustable pointer, for gauging the evenness of a surface or its height, or for marking a line parallel with a surface. -- Surface grub (Zoöl.), the larva of the great yellow underwing moth (Triphoena pronuba). It is often destructive to the roots of grasses and other plants. -- Surface plate (Mach.), a plate having an accurately dressed flat surface, used as a standard of flatness by which to test other surfaces. -- Surface printing, printing from a surface in relief, as from type, in distinction from plate printing, in which the ink is contained in engraved lines.

SURFACE Sur"face, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfaced; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfacing.]

1. To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.

2. To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.

SURFACE LOADING Sur"face load`ing. (Aëronautics)

Defn: The weight supported per square unit of surface; the quotient obtained by dividing the gross weight, in pounds, of a fully loaded flying machine, by the total area, in square feet, of its supporting surface.

SURFACER Sur"fa*cer, n.

Defn: A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.

SURFACE TENSION Sur"face ten"sion. (Physics)

Defn: That property, due to molecular forces, which exists in the surface film of all liquids and tends to bring the contained volume into a form having the least superficial area. The thickness of this film, amounting to less than a thousandth of a millimeter, is considered to equal the radius of the sphere of molecular action, that is, the greatest distance at which there is cohesion between two particles. Particles lying below this film, being equally acted on from all sides, are in equilibrium as to forces of cohesion, but those in the film are on the whole attracted inward, and tension results.

SURFBOAT Surf"boat`, n. (Naut.)

Defn: A boat intended for use in heavy surf. It is built with a pronounced sheer, and with a view to resist the shock of waves and of contact with the beach.

SURFEIT Sur"feit, n. Etym: [OE. surfet, OF. surfait, sorfait, excess, arrogance, crime, fr. surfaire, sorfaire, to augment, exaggerate, F. surfaire to overcharge; sur over + faire to make, do, L. facere. See Sur-, and Fact.]

1. Excess in eating and drinking. Let not Sir Surfeit sit at thy board. Piers Plowman. Now comes the sick hour that his surfeit made. Shak.

2. Fullness and oppression of the system, occasioned often by excessive eating and drinking. To prevent surfeit and other diseases that are incident to those that heat their blood by travels. Bunyan.

3. Disgust caused by excess; satiety. Sir P. Sidney. Matter and argument have been supplied abundantly, and even to surfeit. Burke.

SURFEIT Sur"feit, v. i.

1. To load the stomach with food, so that sickness or uneasiness ensues; to eat to excess. They are as sick that surfeit with too much as they that starve with nothing. Shak.

2. To indulge to satiety in any gratification.

SURFEIT Sur"feit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surfeited; p. pr. & vb. n. Surfeiting.]

1. To feed so as to oppress the stomach and derange the function of the system; to overfeed, and produce satiety, sickness, or uneasiness; -- often reflexive; as, to surfeit one's self with sweets.

2. To fill to satiety and disgust; to cloy; as, he surfeits us with compliments. V. Knox.

SURFEITER Sur"feit*er, n.

Defn: One who surfeits. Shak.

SURFEIT-WATER Sur"feit-wa`ter, n.

Defn: Water for the cure of surfeits. [Obs.] Locke.

SURFEL; SURFLE Sur"fel, Sur"fle, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Sulphur.]

Defn: To wash, as the face, with a cosmetic water, said by some to be prepared from the sulphur. [Obs.] She shall no oftener powder her hair, [or] surfel her cheeks, . . . but she shall as often gaze on my picture. Ford.

SURFER Surf"er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The surf duck. [U. S.]

SURFMAN Surf"man, n.; pl. Surmen (.

Defn: One who serves in a surfboat in the life-saving service.

SURFOOT Sur"foot`, a.

Defn: Tired or sore of foot from travel; lamed. [Obs.] Nares.

SURFY Surf"y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, abounding in, or resembling, surf; as, a surfy shore. Scarce had they cleared the surfy waves That foam around those frightful caves. Moore.

SURGE Surge, n. Etym: [L. surgere, surrectum, to raise, to rise; sub under + regere to direct: cf. OF. surgeon, sourgeon, fountain. See Regent, and cf. Insurrection, Sortie, Source.]

1. A spring; a fountain. [Obs.] "Divers surges and springs of water." Ld. Berners.

2. A large wave or billow; a great, rolling swell of water, produced generally by a high wind. He that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed. James i. 6 (Rev. Ver.) He flies aloft, and, with impetuous roar, Pursues the foaming surges to the shore. Dryden.

3. The motion of, or produced by, a great wave.

4. The tapered part of a windlass barrel or a capstan, upon which the cable surges, or slips.

SURGE Surge, v. i.

1. To swell; to rise hifg and roll. The surging waters like a mountain rise. Spenser.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To slip along a windlass.

SURGE Surge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surged; p. pr. & vb. n. Surging.] Etym: [Cf. F. surgir to cast anchor, to land. Cf. Surge, n.] (Naut.)

Defn: To let go or slacken suddenly, as a rope; as, to surge a hawser or messenger; also, to slacken the rope about (a capstan).

SURGEFUL Surge"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in surges; surgy. "Tossing the surgeful tides." Drayton.

SURGELESS Surge"less, a.

Defn: Free from surges; smooth; calm.

SURGENT Sur"gent, a. Etym: [L. surgens, p.pr.]

Defn: Rising; swelling, as a flood. [R.] Robert Greene.

SURGEON Sur"geon, n. Etym: [OE. surgien, OF. surgien, contr. fr. chirurgien. See Chirurgeon.]

1. One whose profession or occupation is to cure diseases or injuries of the body by manual operation; one whose occupation is to cure local injuries or disorders (such as wounds, dislocations, tumors, etc.), whether by manual operation, or by medication and constitutional treatment.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of chætodont fishes of the family Teuthidæ, or Acanthuridæ, which have one or two sharp lancelike spines on each side of the base of the tail. Called also surgeon fish, doctor fish, lancet fish, and sea surgeon. Surgeon apothecary, one who unites the practice of surgery with that of the apothecary. Dunglison. -- Surgeon dentist, a dental surgeon; a dentist. -- Surgeon fish. See def. 2, above. -- Surgeon general. (a) In the United States army, the chief of the medical department. (b) In the British army, a surgeon ranking next below the chief of the medical department.

SURGEONCY Sur"geon*cy, n.

Defn: The office or employment of a surgeon, as in the naval or military service.

SURGEONRY Sur"geon*ry, n.

Defn: Surgery. [Obs.]

SURGERY Sur"ge*ry, n. Etym: [OE. surgenrie, surgerie; cf. OF. cirurgie, F. chirurgie, L. chirurgia, Gr. Surgeon.]

1. The art of healing by manual operation; that branch of medical science which treats of manual operations for the healing of diseases or injuries of the body; that branch of medical science which has for its object the cure of local injuries or diseases, as wounds or fractures, tumors, etc., whether by manual operation or by medicines and constitutional treatment.

2. A surgeon's operating room or laboratory.

SURGICAL Sur"gi*cal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to surgeons or surgery; done by means of surgery; used in surgery; as, a surgical operation; surgical instruments. Surgical fever. (Med.) (a) Pyæmia. (b) Traumatic fever, or the fever accompanying inflammation.

SURGICALLY Sur"gi*cal*ly, adv.

Defn: By means of surgery.

SURGY Sur"gy, a.

Defn: Rising in surges or billows; full of surges; resembling surges in motion or appearance; swelling. "Over the surgy main." Pope.

SURICAT Su"ri*cat, n. Etym: [F. surikate, from the native name in South Africa.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Zenick. [Written also suricate, surikate.]

SURINAM TOAD Su`ri*nam" toad". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A species of toad native of Surinam. See Pipa.

SURINTENDANT Sur`in*tend"ant, n. Etym: [F. See Superintendent.]

Defn: Superintendent. [R.]

SURLILY Sur"li*ly, adv.

Defn: In a surly manner.

SURLINESS Sur"li*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being surly.

SURLING Sur"ling, n. Etym: [See Surly.]

Defn: A sour, morose fellow. [Obs.] Camden.

SURLOIN Sur"loin`, n. Etym: [F. surlonge; sur upon + longe loin. See Sur-, and Loin.]

Defn: A loin of beef, or the upper part of the loin. See Sirloin, the more usual, but not etymologically preferable, orthography.

SURLY Sur"ly, a. [Compar. Surlier; superl. Surliest.] Etym: [Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like, a.]

1. Arrogant; haughty. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

2. Gloomily morose; ill-natured, abrupt, and rude; severe; sour; crabbed; rough; sullen; gloomy; as, a surly groom; a surly dog; surly language; a surly look. "That surly spirit, melancholy." Shak.

3. Rough; dark; tempestuous. Now softened into joy the surly storm. Thomson.

SURMARK Sur"mark`, n. (Shipbuilding)

Defn: A mark made on the molds of a ship, when building, to show where the angles of the timbers are to be placed. [Written also sirmark.]

SURMISABLE Sur*mis"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being surmised; as, a surmisable result.

SURMISAL Sur*mis"al, n.

Defn: Surmise. [R.] Milton.

SURMISE Sur*mise", n. Etym: [OF. surmise accusation, fr. surmettre, p.p. surmis, to impose, accuse; sur (see Sur-) + mettre to put, set, L. mittere to send. See Mission.]

1. A thought, imagination, or conjecture, which is based upon feeble or scanty evidence; suspicion; guess; as, the surmisses of jealousy or of envy. [We] double honor gain From his surmise proved false. Milton. No man ought to be charged with principles he actually disowns, unless his practicies contradict his profession; not upon small surmises. Swift.

2. Reflection; thought. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. -- Conjecture; supposition; suspicion; doubt.

SURMISE Sur*mise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmised; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmising.]

Defn: To imagine without certain knowledge; to infer on slight grounds; to suppose, conjecture, or suspect; to guess. It wafted nearer yet, and then she knew That what before she but surmised, was true. Dryden. This change was not wrought by altering the form or position of the earth, as was surmised by a very learned man, but by dissolving it. Woodward.

SURMISER Sur*mis"er, n.

Defn: One who surmises.

SURMISING Sur*mis"ing, a. & n.

Defn: from Surmise, v.

SURMOUNT Sur*mount", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surmounted; p. pr. & vb. n. Surmounting.] Etym: [OE. sourmounten, OF. surmonter, sormonter, F. surmonter; sur over + monter to mount. See Sur-, and Mount, v. i.]

1. To rise above; to be higher than; to overtop. The mountains of Olympus, Athos, and Atlas, overreach and surmount all winds and clouds. Sir W. Raleigh.

2. To conquer; to overcome; as, to surmount difficulties or obstacles. Macaulay.

3. To surpass; to exceed. Spenser. What surmounts the reach Of human sense I shall delineate. Milton.

Syn. -- To conquer; overcome; vanquish; subdue; surpass; exceed.

SURMOUNTABLE Sur*mount"a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. surmontable.]

Defn: Capable of being surmounted or overcome; superable. -- Sur*mount"a*ble*ness, n.

SURMOUNTED Sur*mount"ed, a.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: Having its vertical height greater than the half span; -- said of an arch.

2. (Her.)

Defn: Partly covered by another charge; -- said of an ordinary or other bearing.

SURMOUNTER Sur*mount"er, n.

Defn: One who, or that which, surmounts.

SURMULLET Sur*mul"let, n. Etym: [F. surmulet; saur, saure, brownish yellow, red + mulet a mullet. See Sorrel, a., and Mullet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of various species of mullets of the family Millidæ, esp. the European species (Millus surmulletus), which is highly prized as a food fish. See Mullet.

SURMULOT Sur"mu*lot, n. Etym: [F.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The brown, or Norway, rat.

SURNAME Sur"name`, n. Etym: [Pref. sur + name; really a substitution for OE. sournoun, from F. surnom. See Sur-, and Noun, Name.]

1. A name or appellation which is added to, or over and above, the baptismal or Christian name, and becomes a family name.

Note: Surnames originally designated occupation, estate, place of residence, or some particular thing or event that related to the person; thus, Edmund Ironsides; Robert Smith, or the smith; William Turner. Surnames are often also patronymics; as, John Johnson.

2. An appellation added to the original name; an agnomen. "My surname, Coriolanus." Shak.

Note: This word has been sometimes written sirname, as if it signified sire-name, or the name derived from one's father.

SURNAME Sur*name", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surnamed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surnaming.] Etym: [Cf. F. surnommer.]

Defn: To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to. Another shall subscribe with his hand unto the Lord, and surname himself by the name of Israel. Isa. xliv. 5. And Simon he surnamed Peter. Mark iii. 16.

SURNOMINAL Sur*nom"i*nal, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to a surname or surnames.

SUROXIDATE Sur*ox"i*date, v. t. (Chem.)

Defn: To combine with oxygen so as to form a suroxide or peroxide. [Obs.]

SUROXIDE Sur*ox"ide, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suroxyde. See Sur-, and Oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A peroxide. [Obs.]

SURPASS Sur*pass", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surpassed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surpassing.] Etym: [F. surpasser; sur over + passer to pass. See Sur- , and Pass.]

Defn: To go beyond in anything good or bad; to exceed; to excel. This would surpass Common revenge and interrupt his joy. Milton.

Syn. -- To exceed; excel; outdo; outstrip.

SURPASSABLE Sur*pass"a*ble, a.

Defn: That may be surpassed.

SURPASSING Sur*pass"ing, a.

Defn: Eminently excellent; exceeding others. "With surpassing glory crowned." Milton. -- Sur*pass"ing*ly, adv. -- Sur*pass"ing*ness, n.

SURPHUL Sur"phul, v. t.

Defn: To surfel. [Obs.] Marston.

SURPLICE Sur"plice, n. Etym: [F. surplis, OF. surpeiz, LL. superpellicium; super over + pellicium, pelliceum, a robe of fur, L. pellicius made of skins. See Pelisse.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A white garment worn over another dress by the clergy of the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and certain other churches, in some of their ministrations. Surplice fees (Eccl.), fees paid to the English clergy for occasional duties.

SURPLICED Sur"pliced, a.

Defn: Wearing a surplice.

SURPLUS Sur"plus, n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + plus more. See Sur-, and Plus, and cf. Superplus.]

1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.

2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.

SURPLUS Sur"plus, a.

Defn: Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient; as, surplus revenues; surplus population; surplus words. When the price of corn falleth, men give over surplus tillage, and break no more ground. Carew.

SURPLUSAGE Sur"plus*age, n. Etym: [See Surplus, and cf. Superplusage.]

1. Surplus; excess; overplus; as, surplusage of grain or goods beyond what is wanted. Take what thou please of all this surplusage. Spenser. A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. Emerson.

2. (Law)

Defn: Matter in pleading which is not necessary or relevant to the case, and which may be rejected.

3. (Accounts)

Defn: A greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant amounts to. [Obs.] Rees.

SURPRISAL Sur*pris"al, n. Etym: [See Surprise, n.]

Defn: The act of surprising, or state of being surprised; surprise. How to secure the lady from surprisal. Milton. Because death is uncertain, let us prevent its surprisal. Barrow.

SURPRISE Sur*prise", n. Etym: [F. surprise, fr. surprendre, surpris; sur over + prendre to take, L. prehendere. See Sur-, and Prehensile.]

1. The act of coming upon, or taking, unawares; the act of seizing unexpectedly; surprisal; as, the fort was taken by surprise.

2. The state of being surprised, or taken unawares, by some act or event which could not reasonably be foreseen; emotion excited by what is sudden and strange; a suddenly excited feeling of wonder or astonishment. Pure surprise and fear Made me to quit the house. Shak.

3. Anything that causes such a state or emotion.

4. A dish covered with a crust of raised paste, but with no other contents. [Obs.] King. Surprise party, a party of persons who assemble by mutual agreement, and without invitation, at the house of a common friend. [U.S.] Bartlett.

Syn. -- Wonder; astonishment; amazement.

SURPRISE Sur*prise", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surprised; p. pr. & vb. n. Surprising.] Etym: [From Surprise, n.: cf. F. surprendre, p.p. surpris.]

1. To come or fall suddenly and unexpectedly; to take unawares; to seize or capture by unexpected attack. Fearfulness hath surprised the hypocrites. Isa. xxxiii. 14. The castle of Macduff I will surprise. Shak. Who can speak The mingled passions that surprised his heart Thomson.

2. To strike with wonder, astonishment, or confusion, by something sudden, unexpected, or remarkable; to confound; as, his conduct surprised me. I am surprised with an uncouth fear. Shak. Up he starts, Discovered and surprised. Milton.

3. To lead (one) to do suddenly and without forethought; to bring (one) into some unexpected state; -- with into; as, to be surprised into an indiscretion; to be surprised into generosity.

4. To hold possession of; to hold. [Obs.] Not with me, That in my hands surprise the sovereignity. J. Webster.

Syn. -- See Astonish.

SURPRISEMENT Sur*prise"ment, n.

Defn: Surprisal. [Obs.] Daniel.

SURPRISER Sur*pris"er, n.

Defn: One who surprises.

SURPRISING Sur*pris"ing, a.

Defn: Exciting surprise; extraordinary; of a nature to excite wonder and astonishment; as, surprising bravery; a surprising escape from danger. -- Sur*pris"ing*ly, adv. -- Sur*pris"ing*ness, n.

Syn. -- Wonderful; extraordinary; unexpected; astonishing; striking.

SURQUEDOUS; SURQUEDROUS Sur"que*dous, Sur"que*drous, a.

Defn: Having or exhibiting surquedry; arrogant; insolent. [Obs.] Gower. James II. of Scot.

SURQUEDRY; SURQUIDRY Sur"que*dry, Sur"qui*dry, n. Etym: [OF. surcuidier to presume; sur over + cuidier to think, L. cogitare. See Sur-, and Cogitate.]

Defn: Overweening pride; arrogance; presumption; insolence. [Obs.] Chaucer. Then pay you the price of your surquedry. Spenser.

SURREBOUND Sur`re*bound", v. i.

Defn: To give back echoes; to reëcho. [Obs.] Chapman.

SURREBUT Sur`re*but", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rebut.] (Law)

Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.

SURREBUTER Sur`re*but"er, n. (Law)

Defn: The reply of a plaintiff to a defendant's rebutter.

SURREIN Sur"rein`, v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur + rein.]

Defn: To override; to exhaust by riding. [Obs.] Shak.

SURREJOIN Sur`re*join", v. i. Etym: [Pref. sur + rejoin.] (Law)

Defn: To reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

SURREJOINDER Sur`re*join"der, n. (Law)

Defn: The answer of a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.

SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrendered; p. pr. & vb. n. Surrendering.] Etym: [OF. surrendre to deliver; sur over + rendre to render. See Sur-, and Render.]

1. To yield to the power of another; to give or deliver up possession of (anything) upon compulsion or demand; as, to surrender one's person to an enemy or to an officer; to surrender a fort or a ship.

2. To give up possession of; to yield; to resign; as, to surrender a right, privilege, or advantage. To surrender up that right which otherwise their founders might have in them. Hooker.

3. To yield to any influence, emotion, passion, or power; -- used reflexively; as, to surrender one's self to grief, to despair, to indolence, or to sleep.

4. (Law)

Defn: To yield; to render or deliver up; to give up; as, a principal surrendered by his bail, a fugitive from justice by a foreign state, or a particular estate by the tenant thereof to him in remainder or reversion.

SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, v. i.

Defn: To give up one's self into the power of another; to yield; as, the enemy, seeing no way of escape, surrendered at the first summons.

SURRENDER Sur*ren"der, n.

1. The act of surrendering; the act of yielding, or resigning one's person, or the possession of something, into the power of another; as, the surrender of a castle to an enemy; the surrender of a right. That he may secure some liberty he makes a surrender in trust of the whole of it. Burke.

2. (Law)

Defn: The yielding of a particular estate to him who has an immediate estate in remainder or reversion. (b) The giving up of a principal into lawful custody by his bail. (c) The delivry up oh fugitives from justice by one government to another, as by a foreign state. See Extradition. Wharton.

SURRENDEREE Sur*ren`der*ee", n. (Law)

Defn: The person to whom a surrender is made. Mozley & W.

SURRENDERER Sur*ren"der*er, n.

Defn: One who surrenders.

SURRENDEROR Sur*ren`der*or", n. (Law)

Defn: One who makes a surrender, as of an estate. Bouvier.

SURRENDRY Sur*ren"dry, n.

Defn: Surrender. [Obs.]

SURREPTION Sur*rep"tion, n. Etym: [L. surreptio, or subreptio. Cf. Subreption.]

1. The act or process of getting in a surreptitious manner, or by craft or stealth. Fame by surreption got May stead us for the time, but lasteth not. B. Jonson.

2. A coming unperceived or suddenly.

SURREPTITIOUS Sur`rep*ti"tious, a. Etym: [L. surreptitius, or subreptitius, fr. surripere, subripere, to snatch away, to withdraw privily; sub- under + rapere to snatch. See Sub-, and Ravish.]

Defn: Done or made by stealth, or without proper authority; made or introduced fraudulently; clandestine; stealthy; as, a surreptitious passage in an old manuscript; a surreptitious removal of goods. -- Sur`rep*ti"tious*ly, adv.

SURREY Sur"rey, n.

Defn: A four-wheeled pleasure carriage, (commonly two-seated) somewhat like a phaeton, but having a straight bottom.

SURROGATE Sur"ro*gate, n. Etym: [L. surrogatus, p.p. of surrogare, subrogare, to put in another's place, to substitute; sub under + rogare to ask, ask for a vote, propose a law. See Rogation, and cf. Subrogate.]

1. A deputy; a delegate; a substitute.

2. The deputy of an ecclesiastical judge, most commonly of a bishop or his chancellor, especially a deputy who grants marriage licenses. [Eng.]

3. In some States of the United States, an officer who presides over the probate of wills and testaments and yield the settlement of estates.

SURROGATE Sur"ro*gate, v. t.

Defn: To put in the place of another; to substitute. [R.] Dr. H. More.

SURROGATESHIP Sur"ro*gate*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a surrogate.

SURROGATION Sur`ro*ga"tion, n. Etym: [See Surrogate, n., and cf. Subrogation.]

Defn: The act of substituting one person in the place of another. [R.] Killingbeck.

SURROUND Sur*round", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surrounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Surrounding.] Etym: [OF. suronder to overflow, LL. superundare; fr. L. super over + undare to rise in waves, overflow, fr. unda wave. The English sense is due to the influence of E. round. See Super-, and Undulate, and cf. Abound.]

1. To inclose on all sides; to encompass; to environ.

2. To lie or be on all sides of; to encircle; as, a wall surrounds the city. But could instead, and ever-during dark Surrounds me. Milton.

3. To pass around; to travel about; to circumnavigate; as, to surround the world. [Obs.] Fuller.

4. (Mil.)

Defn: To inclose, as a body of troops, between hostile forces, so as to cut off means of communication or retreat; to invest, as a city.

Syn. -- To encompass; encircle; environ; invest; hem in; fence about.

SURROUND Sur*round", n.

Defn: A method of hunting some animals, as the buffalo, by surrounding a herd, and driving them over a precipice, into a ravine, etc. [U.S.] Baird.

SURROUNDING Sur*round"ing, a.

Defn: Inclosing; encircling.

SURROUNDING Sur*round"ing, n.

1. An encompassing.

2. pl.

Defn: The things which surround or environ; external or attending circumstances or conditions.

SURROYAL Sur*roy"al, n. Etym: [Pref. sur- + royal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the terminal branches or divisions of the beam of the antler of the stag or other large deer.

SURSANURE Sur"sa*nure, n. Etym: [(Assumed) OF. sursaneüre. See Sur-, and Sane.]

Defn: A wound healed or healing outwardly only. [Obs.] Of a sursanure In surgery is perilous the cure. Chaucer.

SURSEANCE Sur"se*ance, n. Etym: [OF., fr. OF. & F. surseoir. See Surcease.]

Defn: Peace; quiet. [Obs.] Bacon.

SURSOLID Sur*sol"id, n. Etym: [F. sursolide. See Sur-, and Solid.] (Math.)

Defn: The fifth power of a number; as, a is the sursolid of a, or 32 that of 2. [R.] Hutton.

SURSTYLE Sur*style", v. t.

Defn: To surname. [R.]

SURSUM CORDA Sur"sum cor"da. [L. sursum upward + corda hearts.] (Eccl.)

Defn: In the Eucharist, the versicles immediately before the preface, inviting the people to join in the service by "lifting up the heart" to God.

SURTAX Sur"tax, n.

Defn: An additional or extra tax.

SURTAX Sur*tax", v. t.

Defn: To impose an additional tax on.

SURTOUT Sur*tout", n. Etym: [F., fr. sur over + tout all.]

Defn: A man's coat to be worn over his other garments; an overcoat, especially when long, and fitting closely like a body coat. Gay.

SURTURBRAND Sur"tur*brand, n. Etym: [Icel. surtarbrandr; svartr black + brandr a firebrand.]

Defn: A fibrous brown coal or bituminous wood.

SURUCUCU Su`ru*cu"cu, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Bush master, under Bush.

SURVEILLANCE Sur*veil"lance, n. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over; sur over + veiller to watch, L. vigilare. See Sur-, and Vigil.]

Defn: Oversight; watch; inspection; supervision. That sort of surveillance of which . . . the young have accused the old. Sir W. Scott.

SURVEILLANT Sur*veil"lant, n.; pl. Surveillants. Etym: [F., fr. surveiller to watch over. See Surveillance.]

Defn: One who watches over another; an overseer; a spy; a supervisor.

SURVEILLANT Sur*veil"lant, a.

Defn: Overseeing; watchful.

SURVENE Sur*vene", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survened; p. pr. & vb. n. Survening.] Etym: [F. survenir. See Supervene.]

Defn: To supervene upon; to come as an addition to. [Obs.] A suppuration that survenes lethargies. Harvey.

SURVENUE Sur"ve*nue, n. Etym: [OF. See Survene.]

Defn: A sudden or unexpected coming or stepping on. [Obs.]

SURVEY Sur*vey", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Surveyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Surveying.] Etym: [OF. surveoir, surveer; sur, sor, over, E. sur + veoir, veeir, to see, F. voir, L. videre. See Sur-, and Vision, and cf. Supervise.]

1. To inspect, or take a view of; to view with attention, as from a high place; to overlook; as, to stand on a hill, and survey the surrounding country. Round he surveys and well might, where he stood, So high above. Milton.

2. To view with a scrutinizing eye; to examine. With such altered looks, . . . All pale and speechless, he surveyed me round. Dryden.

3. To examine with reference to condition, situation, value, etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of; as, to survey a building in order to determine its value and exposure to loss by fire.

4. To determine the form, extent, position, etc., of, as a tract of land, a coast, harbor, or the like, by means of linear and angular measurments, and the application of the principles of geometry and trigonometry; as, to survey land or a coast.

5. To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same. [Eng.] Jacob (Law Dict.).

SURVEY Sur"vey, n. Etym: [Formerly accentuated universally on the last syllable, and still so accented by many speakers.]

1. The act of surveying; a general view, as from above. Under his proud survey the city lies. Sir J. Denham.

2. A particular view; an examination, especially an official examination, of all the parts or particulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality; as, a survey of the stores of a ship; a survey of roads and bridges; a survey of buildings.

3. The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or other particulars of, as any part of the earth's surface, whether land or water; also, a measured plan and description of any portion of country, or of a road or line through it. Survey of dogs. See Court of regard, under Regard. -- Trigonometrical survey, a survey of a portion of country by measuring a single base, and connecting it with various points in the tract surveyed by a series of triangles, the angles of which are carefully measured, the relative positions and distances of all parts being computed from these data.

Syn. -- Review; retrospect; examination; prospect.

SURVEYAL Sur*vey"al, n.

Defn: Survey. [R.] Barrow.

SURVEYANCE Sur*vey"ance, n.

Defn: Survey; inspection. [R.]

SURVEYING Sur*vey"ing, n.

Defn: That branch of applied mathematics which teaches the art of determining the area of any portion of the earth's surface, the length and directions of the bounding lines, the contour of the surface, etc., with an accurate delineation of the whole on paper; the act or occupation of making surveys. Geodetic surveying, geodesy. -- Maritime, or Nautical, surveying, that branch of surveying which determines the forms of coasts and harbors, the entrances of rivers, with the position of islands, rocks, and shoals, the depth of water, etc. -- Plane surveying. See under Plane, a. -- Topographical surveying, that branch of surveying which involves the process of ascertaining and representing upon a plane surface the contour, physical features, etc., of any portion of the surface of the earth.

SURVEYOR Sur*vey"or, n.

1. One placed to superintend others; an overseer; an inspector. Were 't not madness then, To make the fox surveyor of the fold Shak.

2. One who views and examines for the purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity, or quality of anything; as, a surveyor of highways, ordnance, etc.

3. One who surveys or measures land; one who practices the art of surveying.

4. (Customs) (a) An officer who ascertains the contents of casks, and the quantity of liquors subject to duty; a gauger. (b) In the United States, an officer whose duties include the various measures to be taken for ascertaining the quantity, condition, and value of merchandise brought into a port. Abbot. Surveyor general. (a) A principal surveyor; as, the surveyor general of the king's manors, or of woods and parks. [Eng.] (b) An officer having charge of the survey of the public lands of a land district. [U.S.] Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.). -- Surveyor's compass. See Circumferentor. -- Surveyor's level. See under Level.

SURVEYORSHIP Sur*vey"or*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a surveyor.

SURVIEW Sur*view", v. t. Etym: [Pref. sur- + view. Cf. Survey.]

Defn: To survey; to make a survey of. [Obs.] "To surview his ground." Spenser.

SURVIEW Sur*view", n.

Defn: A survey. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson.

SURVISE Sur*vise", v. t. Etym: [See Supervise, and Survey.]

Defn: To look over; to supervise. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

SURVIVAL Sur*viv"al, n. Etym: [From Survive.]

1. A living or continuing longer than, or beyond the existence of, another person, thing, or event; an outliving.

2. (Arhæol. & Ethnol.)

Defn: Any habit, usage, or belief, remaining from ancient times, the origin of which is often unknown, or imperfectly known. The close bearing of the doctrine of survival on the study of manners and customs. Tylor. Survival of the fittest. (Biol.) See Natural selection, under Natural.

SURVIVANCE; SURVIVANCY Sur*viv"ance, Sur*viv"an*cy, n. Etym: [F. survivance.]

Defn: Survivorship. [R.] His son had the survivance of the stadtholdership. Bp. Burnet.

SURVIVE Sur*vive", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Survived; p. pr. & vb. n. Surviving.] Etym: [F. survivre, L. supervivere; super over + vivere to live. See Super-, and Victuals.]

Defn: To live beyond the life or existence of; to live longer than; to outlive; to outlast; as, to survive a person or an event. Cowper. I'll assure her of Her widowhood, be it that she survive me, In all my lands and leases whatsoever. Shak.

SURVIVE Sur*vive", v. i.

Defn: To remain alive; to continue to live. Thy pleasure, Which, when no other enemy survives, Still conquers all the conquerors. Sir J. Denham. Alike are life and death, When life in death survives. Longfellow.

SURVIVENCY Sur*viv"en*cy, n.

Defn: Survivorship. [R.]

SURVIVER Sur*viv"er, n.

Defn: One who survives; a survivor.

SURVIVING Sur*viv"ing, a.

Defn: Remaining alive; yet living or existing; as, surviving friends; surviving customs.

SURVIVOR Sur*viv"or, n.

1. One who survives or outlives another person, or any time, event, or thing. The survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow. Shak.

2. (Law)

Defn: The longer liver of two joint tenants, or two persons having a joint interest in anything. Blackstone.

SURVIVORSHIP Sur*viv"or*ship, n.

1. The state of being a survivor.

1. (Law)

Defn: The right of a joint tenant, or other person who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole estate upon the death of other. Blackstone. Chance of survivorship, the chance that a person of a given age has of surviving another of a giving age; thus, by the Carlisle tables of mortality the chances of survivorship for two persons, aged 25 and 65, are 89 and 11 respectively, or about 8 to 1 that the elder die first.

SUSCEPTIBILITY Sus*cep`ti*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Susceptibilities. Etym: [Cf. F. susceptibilité.]

1. The state or quality of being susceptible; the capability of receiving impressions, or of being affected.

2. Specifically, capacity for deep feeling or emotional excitement; sensibility, in its broadest acceptation; impressibility; sensitiveness. Magnetic susceptibility (Physics), the intensity of magnetization of a body placed in a uniform megnetic field of unit strength. Sir W. Thomson.

Syn. -- Capability; sensibility; feeling; emotion.

SUSCEPTIBLE Sus*cep"ti*ble, a. Etym: [F., from L. suscipere, susceptum, to take up, to support, undertake, recognize, admit; pref. sus (see Sub-) + capere to take. See Capable.]

1. Capable of admitting anything additional, or any change, affection, or influence; readily acted upon; as, a body susceptible of color or of alteration. It sheds on souls susceptible of light, The glorious dawn of our eternal day. Young.