Chapter LI: Bella (69)

Defn: A marsupial of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.

PHASE Phase, n.; pl. Phases. Etym: [NL. phasis, Gr. phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and Emphasis.]

1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.

2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as, the problem has many phases.

3. (Astron.)

Defn: A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. under Moon.

4. (Physics)

Defn: Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

PHASE ANGLE Phase angle. (Elec.)

Defn: The angle expressing phase relation.

PHASE CONVERTER Phase converter. (Elec.)

Defn: A machine for converting an alternating current into an alternating current of a different number of phases and the same frequency.

PHASE DISPLACEMENT Phase displacement. (Elec.)

Defn: A charge of phase whereby an alternating current attains its maximum later or earlier. An inductance would cause a lag, a capacity would cause an advance, in phase.

PHASEL Pha"sel, n. Etym: [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. phaséole, faséole. Cf. Fesels.]

Defn: The French bean, or kidney bean.

PHASELESS Phase"less, a.

Defn: Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless and increasing gloom." Poe.

PHASE METER; PHASEMETER Phase meter, or Phase"me`ter, n. (Elec.)

Defn: A device for measuring the difference in phase of two alternating currents of electromotive forces.

PHASEOLUS Pha*se"o*lus, n. Etym: [L.] (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See Bean.

PHASEOMANNITE Pha`se*o*man"nite, n. Etym: [So called because found in the unripe fruit of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Inosite.

PHASE RULE Phase rule. (Phys. Chem.)

Defn: A generalization with regard to systems of chemical equilibrium, discovered by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs. It may be stated thus: The degree of variableness (number of degrees of freedom) of a system is equal to the number of components minus the number of phases, plus two. Thus, if the components be salt and water, and the phases salt, ice, saturated solution, and vapor, the system is invariant, that is, there is only one set of conditions under which these four phases can exist in equilibrium. If only three phases be considered, the system is univariant, that is, the fixing of one condition, as temperature, determines the others.

PHASE SPLITTER Phase splitter. (Elec.)

Defn: A device by which a single-phase current is split into two or more currents differing in phase. It is used in starting single-phase induction motors.

PHASE SPLITTING Phase splitting. (Elec.)

Defn: The dephasing of the two parts of a single alternating current in two dissimilar branches of a given circuit.

PHASING Phas"ing, a. (Elec.)

Defn: Pertaining to phase or differences of phase.

PHASING CURRENT Phasing current.

Defn: The momentary current between two alternating-current generators when juxtaposed in parallel and not agreeing exactly in phase or period.

PHASING TRANSFORMER Phasing transformer.

Defn: Any of several transformers (there must be at least two) for changing phase.

PHASIS Pha"sis, n.; pl. Phases. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Phase. Creech.

PHASM; PHASMA Phasm, Phas"ma, n. Etym: [L. phasma, Gr. Phase.]

Defn: An apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.

PHASMID Phas"mid, n. Etym: [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any orthopterous insect of the family Phasmidæ, as a leaf insect or a stick insect.

PHASSACHATE Phas"sa*chate, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its color.

PHATAGIN Phat"a*gin, n. Etym: [Cf. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); -- called also ipi.

PHEASANT Pheas"ant, n. Etym: [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F. faisan, L. phasianus, Gr.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family Phasianidæ, found chiefly in Asia.

Note: The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P. versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant (Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.]

Note: Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc. Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. -- Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoöl.), a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal (Zoöl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. -- Pheasant parrot (Zoöl.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. -- Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; -- called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); -- called also Pheasant's-eye pink. -- Pheasant shell (Zoöl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. -- Sea pheasant (Zoöl.), the pintail. -- Water pheasant. (Zoöl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded merganser.

PHEASANTRY Pheas"ant*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. faisanderie.]

Defn: A place for keeping and rearing pheasants. Gwilt.

PHEBE Phe"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Phoebe.

PHEER Pheer, n.

Defn: See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser.

PHEESE Pheese, v. t.

Defn: To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, v.

PHEESE Pheese, n.

Defn: Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n.

PHELLODERM Phel"lo*derm, n. Etym: [Gr. -derm.] (Bot.)

Defn: A layer of green parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen.

PHELLOGEN Phel"lo*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.

PHELLOPLASTICS Phel`lo*plas"tics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Art of modeling in cork.

PHENACETIN; PHENACETINE Phe*nac"e*tin, Phe*nac"e*tine, n. [Phenyl + acetic + -in.] (Pharm.)

Defn: A white, crystalline compound, C10H13O2N, used in medicine principally as an antipyretic.

PHENACITE Phen"a*cite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.

PHENAKISTOSCOPE Phen`a*kis"to*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

Defn: A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.

PHENALGIN Phe*nal"gin, n. [Phenyl + analgetic + -in.] (Pharm.)

Defn: An ammoniated compound of phenyl and acetamide, used as an analgesic and antipyretic. It resembles phenacetin in its therapeutic action.

PHENANTHRENE Phe*nan"threne, n. Etym: [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.

PHENANTHRIDINE Phe*nan"thri*dine, n. Etym: [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.

PHENANTHROLINE Phe*nan"thro*line, n. Etym: [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.

PHENE Phene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Benzene. [Obs.]

PHENETOL Phe"ne*tol, n. Etym: [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.)

Defn: The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C6H5.O.C2H5.

PHENIC Phe"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or phenol. Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.]

PHENICIAN Phe*ni"cian, a. & n.

Defn: See Phoenician.

PHENICINE Phen"i*cine, n. Etym: [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. phénicine.] (Chem.) (a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is diluted with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the action of a mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol. Watts.

PHENICIOUS Phe*ni"cious, a. Etym: [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from

Defn: Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.

PHENICOPTER Phen`i*cop"ter, n. Etym: [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i.e., red-feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf. F. phénicoptère.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A flamingo.

PHENIX Phe"nix, n.; pl. Phenixes. Etym: [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written also phoenix.]

1. (Gr. Myth.)

Defn: A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.

2. (Astron.)

Defn: A southern constellation.

3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer.

PHENOCRYST Phe"no*cryst, n. [Gr. to appear + crystal.] (Geol.)

Defn: One of the prominent embedded crystals of a porphyry.

PHENOGAMIA Phen`o*ga"mi*a, n. pl. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Phænogamia.

PHENOGAMIAN; PHENOGAMIC; PHENOGAMOUS Phen`o*ga"mi*an, Phen`o*gam"ic, Phe*nog"a*mous, a.

Defn: Same as Phænogamian, Phænogamic, etc.

PHENOL Phe"nol, n. Etym: [Gr. -ol: cf. F. phénol.] (Chem.)

1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.

Note: It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called phenic acid. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic.

2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type. Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid. -- Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol alcohol. -- Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having both phenol and aldehyde properties. -- Phenol phthalein. See under Phthalein.

PHENOLATE Phe"no*late, n. Etym: [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A compound of phenol analogous to a salt.

PHENOLOGY Phe*nol"o*gy, n. [Contracted from Phenomenology.] (Biol.)

Defn: The science of the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena, as the migrations and breeding of birds, the flowering and fruiting of plants, etc. -- Phe`no*log"ic*al (#), a. -- Phe`no*log"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phe*nol"o*gist (#), n.

PHENOLPHTHALEIN; PHENOL PHTHALEIN Phe`nol*phthal"e*in, n., or Phenol phthalein. (Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellowish white crystalline substance, C20H14O4, formed by condensation of the anhydride of phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids. This reaction, being very delicate, is used as an indicator.

PHENOMENAL Phe*nom"e*nal, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phénoménal.]

Defn: Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a phenomenal memory. -- Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv.

PHENOMENALISM Phe*nom"e*nal*ism, n. (Metaph.)

Defn: That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.

PHENOMENIST Phe*nom"e*nist, n.

Defn: One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.

PHENOMENOLOGY Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F. phénoménologie.]

Defn: A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.

PHENOMENON Phe*nom"e*non, n.; pl. Phenomena. Etym: [L. phaenomenon, Gr. faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See Phantom.]

1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory. In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the phenomena of mind. Stewart.

2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a musical phenomenon.

PHENOSE Phe"nose`, n. Etym: [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet amorphous deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric with, and resembling, dextrose.

PHENYL Phe"nyl, n. Etym: [Gr. -yl: cf. F. phényle. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives. Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.

PHENYLAMINE Phe`nyl*am"ine, n. Etym: [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

PHENYLENE Phe"nyl*ene, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine.

PHENYLIC Phe*nyl"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl. Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.

PHEON Phe"on, n. Etym: [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.)

Defn: A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.

PHIAL Phi"al, n. Etym: [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. Vial.]

Defn: A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.

PHIAL Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed; p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.]

Defn: To put or keep in, or as in, a phial. Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.

PHILABEG Phil"a*beg, n.

Defn: See Filibeg.

PHILADELPHIAN Phil`a*del"phi*an, a. Etym: [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s brother.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.

PHILADELPHIAN Phil`a*del"phi*an, n.

1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, -- called also the Family of Love. Tatler.

PHILALETHIST Phil`a*le"thist, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr.

Defn: A lover of the truth. [Obs.] Brathwait.

PHILANDER Phi*lan"der, v. i. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: To make love to women; to play the male flirt. You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.

PHILANDER Phi*lan"der, n.

Defn: A lover. [R.] Congreve.

PHILANDER Phi*lan"der, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A South American opossum (Didelphys philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis).

PHILANDERER Phi*lan"der*er, n.

Defn: One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. Kingsley.

PHILANTHROPE Phil"an*thrope, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North.

PHILANTHROPIC; PHILANTHROPICAL Phil`an*throp"ic, Phil`an*throp"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philanthropique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic enterprise. -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILANTHROPINISM Phil`an*throp"i*nism, n.

Defn: A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.

PHILANTHROPINIST Phil`an*throp"i*nist, n.

Defn: An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.

PHILANTHROPIST Phi*lan"thro*pist, n. Etym: [Gr. philanthrope.]

Defn: One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others.

PHILANTHROPISTIC Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILANTHROPY Phi*lan"thro*py, n. Etym: [L. philanthropia, Gr. philanthropie.]

Defn: Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor.

PHILATELIC Phil`a*tel"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to philately.

PHILATELIST Phi*lat"e*list, n.

Defn: One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.

PHILATELY Phi*lat"e*ly, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. frank to send free.]

Defn: The collection of postage stamps of various issues.

PHILATHEA Phi*la"the*a, n. [Coined from Gr. loving + truth.]

Defn: An international, interdenominational organization of Bible classes of young women.

PHILATORY Phil"a*to*ry, n. Etym: [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.] (Eccl.)

Defn: A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

PHILAUTY Phil"au*ty, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont.

PHILHARMONIC Phil`har*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philharmonique.]

Defn: Loving harmony or music.

PHILHELLENE Phil*hel"lene, n.

Defn: A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist. Emerson.

PHILHELLENIC Phil`hel*len"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

PHILHELLENISM Phil*hel"len*ism, n.

Defn: Love of Greece.

PHILHELLENIST Phil*hel"len*ist, n. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philhellène.]

Defn: A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.

PHILIBEG Phil"i*beg, n.

Defn: See Filibeg. [Scot.]

PHILIP Phil"ip, n. Etym: [So called from their notes.] (Zoöl.) (a) The European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.]

PHILIPPIAN Phi*lip"pi*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. -- n.

Defn: A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

PHILIPPIC Phi*lip"pic, n. Etym: [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. philippique.]

1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.

2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.

PHILIPPIUM Phi*lip"pi*um, n. Etym: [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.)

Defn: A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.

PHILIPPIZE Phil"ip*pize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized; p. pr. & vb. n. Philippizing.] Etym: [Gr.

1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.

2. Etym: [See Philippic.]

Defn: To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

PHILISTER Phi*lis"ter, n. Etym: [G.]

Defn: A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen by students in German universities.

PHILISTINE Phi*lis"tine, n. Etym: [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishthi, pl. Phlishthim.]

1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.

2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.

3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. Arnold.

PHILISTINE Phi*lis"tine, a.

1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.

2. Uncultured; commonplace.

PHILISTINISM Phi*lis"tin*ism, n.

Defn: The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle. On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism. M. Arnold.

PHILLIPSITE Phil"lips*ite, n. Etym: [So named after John Phillips, an English mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; -- called also christianite.

PHILLYGENIN Phil*lyg"e*nin, n. Etym: [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.)

Defn: A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.

PHILLYREA Phil*lyr"e*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.

PHILLYRIN Phil"ly*rin, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.

PHILO- Philo-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to; as, philosophy, philotechnic.

PHILOGYNIST Phi*log"y*nist, n. Etym: [See Philogyny.]

Defn: A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to Ant: misogynist.

PHILOGYNY Phi*log"y*ny, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fondness for women; uxoriousness; -- opposed to Ant: misogyny. [R.] Byron.

PHILOHELLENIAN Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an, n.

Defn: A philhellenist.

PHILOLOGER Phi*lol"o*ger, n. Etym: [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr.

Defn: A philologist. Burton.

PHILOLOGIAN Phil`o*lo"gi*an, n.

Defn: A philologist. [R.]

PHILOLOGICAL; PHILOLOGIC Phil`o*log"ic*al, Phil`o*log"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philologique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILOLOGIST Phi*lol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in philology.

PHILOLOGIZE Phi*lol"o*gize, v. i.

Defn: To study, or make critical comments on, language. Evelyn.

PHILOLOGUE Phil"o*logue, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philologue.]

Defn: A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILOLOGY Phi*lol"o*gy, n. Etym: [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. philologie. See Philologer.]

1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.

2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science.

Note: Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.

3. A treatise on the science of language.

PHILOMATH Phil"o*math, n. Etym: [Gr. fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, fr.

Defn: A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.

PHILOMATHEMATIC Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic, n.

Defn: A philomath.

PHILOMATHIC Phil`o*math"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. philomathique.]

1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.

2. Having love of learning or letters.

PHILOMATHY Phi*lom"a*thy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The love of learning or letters.

PHILOMEL Phil"o*mel, n.

Defn: Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. Cowper.

PHILOMELA Phil`o*me"la, n. Etym: [L. philomela, Gr.

1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the nightingales.

PHILOMENE Phil"o*mene, n.

Defn: The nightingale. [Obs.]

PHILOMOT Phil"o*mot, a. Etym: [See Filemot.]

Defn: Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] Addison.

PHILOMUSICAL Phil`o*mu"sic*al, a. Etym: [Philo- + musical.]

Defn: Loving music. [R.]Busby.

PHILOPENA Phil`o*pe"na, n. Etym: [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG. vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.]

Defn: A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.]

Note: One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.

PHILOPOLEMIC; PHILOPOLEMICAL Phil`o*po*lem"ic, Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]

PHILOPROGENITIVE Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive, a.

Defn: Having the love of offspring; fond of children.

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n. Etym: [Philo- + L. progenies offspring.] (Phren.)

Defn: The love of offspring; fondness for children.

PHILOSOPHASTER Phi*los"o*phas`ter, n. Etym: [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. OF. philosophastre.]

Defn: A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

PHILOSOPHATE Phi*los"o*phate, v. i. Etym: [L. philosophatus, p.p. of philosophari to philosophize.]

Defn: To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.

PHILOSOPHATION Phi*los`o*pha"tion, n.

Defn: Philosophical speculation and discussion. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

PHILOSOPHE Phil"o*sophe, n. Etym: [F., a philosopher.]

Defn: A philosophaster; a philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.

PHILOSOPHEME Phi*los"o*pheme, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [R.] This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a philosopheme. Coleridge.

PHILOSOPHER Phi*los"o*pher, n. Etym: [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus, Gr. Philosophy.]

1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy. Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.

2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.

3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer. Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.

PHILOSOPHIC; PHILOSOPHICAL Phil`o*soph"ic, Phil`o*soph"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. philosophicus: cf. F. philosophique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. -- Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv.

PHILOSOPHISM Phi*los"o*phism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philosophisme.]

Defn: Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle.

PHILOSOPHIST Phi*los"o*phist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. philosophiste.]

Defn: A pretender in philosophy.

PHILOSOPHISTIC; PHILOSOPHISTICAL Phi*los`o*phis"tic, Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

PHILOSOPHIZE Phi*los"o*phize, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized; p. pr. & vb. n. Philosophizing.]

Defn: To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence. Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton.

PHILOSOPHIZER Phi*los"o*phi`zer, n.

Defn: One who philosophizes.

PHILOSOPHY Phi*los"o*phy, n.; pl. Philosophies. Etym: [OE. philosophie, F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. Philosopher.]

1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.

Note: When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics.

Note: "Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of effects by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal and real." Sir W. Hamilton.

2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained. [Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer. We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke.

3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy. Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer.

4. Reasoning; argumentation. Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy. Milton.

5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.

6. A treatise on philosophy. Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy. -- Philosophy of the Garden, that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. -- Philosophy of the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. -- Philosophy of the Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.

PHILOSTORGY Phil`o*stor"gy, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Natural affection, as of parents for their children. [R.]

PHILOTECHNIC; PHILOTECHNICAL Phil`o*tech"nic, Phil`o*tech"nic*al, a. Etym: [Philo- + Gr. philotechnique.]

Defn: Fond of the arts. [R.]

PHILTER Phil"ter, n. Etym: [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr.

Defn: A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love. [Written also philtre.] Addison.

PHILTER Phil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Philtered; p. pr. & vb. n. Philtering.]

1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught.

2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion. Gov. of Tongue.

PHIMOSIS Phi*mo"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn back so as to uncover the glans penis.

PHITONESS Phi"ton*ess, n.

Defn: Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]

PHIZ Phiz, n.; pl. Phizes. Etym: [Contr. fr. physiognomy.]

Defn: The face or visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.

PHLEBITIS Phle*bi"tis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. -itis.] (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of a vein.

PHLEBOGRAM Phleb"o*gram, n. Etym: [Gr. -gram.] (Physiol.)

Defn: A tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.

PHLEBOLITE; PHLEBOLITH Phleb"o*lite, Phleb"o*lith, n. Etym: [Gr. -lite, -lith.] (Med.)

Defn: A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.

PHLEBOLOGY Phle*bol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A branch of anatomy which treats of the veins.

PHLEBOTOMIST Phle*bot"o*mist, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phlébotomiste.] (Med.)

Defn: One who practiced phlebotomy.

PHLEBOTOMIZE Phle*bot"o*mize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized; p. pr. & vb. n. Phlebotomizing.] Etym: [Cf. F. phlébotomiser.]

Defn: To let blood from by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.

PHLEBOTOMY Phle*bot"o*my, n. Etym: [L. phlebotomia, Gr. phlébotomie. Cf. Fleam.] (Med.)

Defn: The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.

PHLEGETHON Phleg"e*thon, n. [L., fr. Gr. , prop. p.pr. of to blaze.] (Class Myth.)

Defn: One of the principal rivers of Hades, in the channel of which fire flowed instead of water.

Fierce Phlegethon, Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage. Milton.

PHLEGM Phlegm, n. Etym: [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. Phlox, Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a., and Fluminate.]

1. One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot.

2. (Physiol.)

Defn: Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive passages.

3. (Old Chem.)

Defn: A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor. Crabb.

4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; indifference; coldness. They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm. Pope.

PHLEGMAGOGUE Phleg"ma*gogue, n. Etym: [Gr. (Old Med.)

Defn: A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.

PHLEGMASIA Phleg*ma"si*a, n. Etym: [NL., from Gr. Phlegm.] (Med.)

Defn: An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs. Phlegmasia dolens ( Etym: [NL.], milk leg.

PHLEGMATIC Phleg*mat"ic, a. Etym: [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. phlegmatique.]

1. Watery. [Obs.] "Aqueous and phlegmatic." Sir I. Newton.

2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic constitution. Harvey.

3. Generating or causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations." Sir T. Browne.

4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison. Phlegmatic temperament (Old Physiol.), lymphatic temperament. See under Lymphatic.

PHLEGMATICAL Phleg*mat"ic*al, a.

Defn: Phlegmatic. Ash.

PHLEGMATICALLY Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phlegmatic manner.

PHLEGMATICLY Phleg*mat"ic*ly, a.

Defn: Phlegmatically. [Obs.]

PHLEGMON Phleg"mon, n. Etym: [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the skin, Gr. phlegmon.] (Med.)

Defn: Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.

PHLEGMONOUS Phleg"mon*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.]

Defn: Having the nature or properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey.

PHLEME Phleme, n. (Surg. & Far.)

Defn: See Fleam.

PHLEUM Phle"um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of grasses, including the timothy (Phleum pratense), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass. Gray.

PHLOEM Phlo"ëm, n. Etym: [Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; -- distinguished from xylem.

PHLOGISTIAN Phlo*gis"tian, n.

Defn: A believer in the existence of phlogiston.

PHLOGISTIC Phlo*gis"tic, a.

1. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its existence.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.

PHLOGISTICAL Phlo*gis"tic*al, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Phlogistic.

PHLOGISTICATE Phlo*gis"ti*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated; p. pr. & vb. n. Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: To combine phlogiston with; -- usually in the form and sense of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly phlogisticated substances.

PHLOGISTICATION Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion, n. (Old Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of combining with phlogiston.

PHLOGISTON Phlo*gis"ton, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. Phlox.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl as a chemical element.

Note: This was supposed to be united with combustible (phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to be.

PHLOGOGENOUS Phlo*gog"e*nous, a. Etym: [Gr. -genous.] (Med.)

Defn: Causing inflammation.

PHLOGOPITE Phlog"o*pite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A kind of mica having generally a peculiar bronze-red or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine. See Mica.

PHLOGOSIS Phlo*go"sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation.

PHLOGOTIC Phlo*got"ic, n. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phlogisis.

PHLORAMINE Phlo*ram"ine, n. Etym: [Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.)

Defn: A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.

PHLORETIC Phlo*ret"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of phloretin.

PHLORETIN Phlor"e*tin, n. Etym: [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.

PHLORIZIN Phlor"i*zin, n. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also written phloridzin.]

PHLOROGLUCIN Phlor`o*glu"cin, n. Etym: [Phloretin + Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: A sweet white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also phloroglucinol.]

PHLOROL Phlo"rol, n. Etym: [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A liquid metameric with xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling certain salts of phloretic acid.

PHLORONE Phlo"rone, n. Etym: [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation of xylidine; -- called also xyloquinone.

PHLOX Phlox, n. Etym: [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers. Phlox worm (Zoöl.), the larva of an American moth (Heliothis phloxiphaga). It is destructive to phloxes. -- Phlox subulata, the moss pink. See under Moss.

PHLYCTENULAR Phlyc*ten"u*lar, a. Etym: [Gr. (Med.)

Defn: Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations resembling pustules; as, phlyctenular ophthalmia.

PHOCA Pho"ca, n. Etym: [L., a seal, fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of seals. It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See Seal.

PHOCACEAN Pho*ca"cean, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Phoca; a seal.

PHOCAL Pho"cal, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pertaining to seals.

PHOCENIC Pho*cen"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; -- said of an acid (called also delphinic acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts.

PHOCENIN Pho*ce"nin, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phocénine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Delphin.

PHOCINE Pho"cine, a. Etym: [L. phoca a seal.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the seal tribe; phocal.

PHOCODONT Pho"co*dont, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Phocodontia.

PHOCODONTIA Pho`co*don"ti*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied genera.

PHOEBE Phoe"be, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pewee, or pewit.

PHOEBUS Phoe"bus, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. (Class. Myth.)

Defn: Apollo; the sun god.

2. The sun. "Phoebus 'gins arise." Shak.

PHOENICIAN Phoe*ni"cian, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Phoenica. -- n.

Defn: A native or inhabitant of Phoenica.

PHOENICIOUS Phoe*ni"cious, a.

Defn: See Phenicious.

PHOENICOPTERUS Phoe`ni*cop"te*rus, n. Etym: [NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds which includes the flamingoes.

PHOENIX Phoe"nix, n. Etym: [L., a fabulous bird. See Phenix.]

1. Same as Phenix. Shak.

2. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of palms including the date tree.

PHOLAD Pho"lad, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any species of Pholas.

PHOLADEAN Pho*la"de*an, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Pholad.

PHOLAS Pho"las, n.; pl. Pholades. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pholas, or family Pholadidæ. They bore holes for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks.

PHONAL Pho"nal, a.Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or relating to the voice; as, phonal structure. Max Müller.

PHONASCETICS Pho`nas*cet"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.

PHONATION Pho*na"tion, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The act or process by which articulate sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.

PHONAUTOGRAPH Pho*nau"to*graph, n. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. -graph.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or plate.

PHONE Phone, n. & v. t.

Defn: Colloq. for Telephone.

PHONEIDOSCOPE Pho*nei"do*scope, n. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations.

PHONETIC Pho*net"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. phonétique. See Ban a proclamation.]

1. Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.

2. Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; -- opposed to ideographic; as, a phonetic notation. Phonetic spelling, spelling in phonetic characters, each representing one sound only; -- contrasted with Romanic spelling, or that by the use of the Roman alphabet.

PHONETICALLY Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phonetic manner.

PHONETICIAN Pho`ne*ti"cian, n.

Defn: One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.

PHONETICS Pho*net"ics, n.

1. The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human voice; phonology.

2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written characters.

PHONETISM Pho"ne*tism, n.

Defn: The science which treats of vocal sounds. J. Peile.

PHONETIST Pho"ne*tist, n.

1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.

2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.

PHONETIZATION Pho`ne*ti*za"tion, n.

Defn: The act, art, or process of representing sounds by phonetic signs.

PHONETIZE Pho"ne*tize, v. t.

Defn: To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell.

PHONIC Phon"ic, a. Etym: [Gr. phonique.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic. Tyndall.

PHONICS Phon"ics, n.

Defn: See Phonetics.

PHONO- Pho"no-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. sound, tone; as, phonograph, phonology.

PHONO Phono, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono) having nearly transparent wings.

PHONOCAMPTIC Pho`no*camp"tic, a. Etym: [Phono- + Gr. phonocamptique.]

Defn: Reflecting sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham.

PHONOGRAM Pho"no*gram, n. Etym: [Phono- + -gram.]

1. A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound. Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters, which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can be resolved. I. Taylor (The Alphabet).

2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.

PHONOGRAPH Pho"no*graph, n. Etym: [Phono- + -graph.]

1. A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography.

2. (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.

PHONOGRAPHER Pho*nog"ra*pher, n.

1. One versed or skilled in phonography.

2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See Phonograph, 2.

PHONOGRAPHIC; PHONOGRAPHICAL Pho`no*graph"ic, Pho`no*graph"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phonographique.]

1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.

2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.

PHONOGRAPHICALLY Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a phonographic manner; by means of phonograph.

PHONOGRAPHIST Pho*nog"ra*phist, n.

Defn: Phonographer.

PHONOGRAPHY Pho*nog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Phono- + -graphy.]

1. A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.

2. A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by reporters.

Note: The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves; the vowels by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in rapid work, most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for common words and combinations of words are extensively employed. The following line is an example of phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: -- They also serve who only stand and wait. Milton.

3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.

PHONOLITE Pho"no*lite, n. Etym: [Phono- + -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, haüynite, etc. Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called also clinkstone.

PHONOLOGER Pho*nol"o*ger, n.

Defn: A phonologist.

PHONOLOGIC; PHONOLOGICAL Pho`no*log"ic, Pho`no*log"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phonology.

PHONOLOGIST Pho*nol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in phonology.

PHONOLOGY Pho*nol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Phono- + -logy.]

Defn: The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds.

PHONOMETER Pho*nom"e*ter, n. Etym: [Phono- + -meter.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument for measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the vibrations.

PHONOMOTOR Pho`no*mo"tor, n. Etym: [Phono- + -motor.] (Physics)

Defn: An instrument in which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.

PHONORGANON Pho*nor"ga*non, n. Etym: [NL. See Phono-, and Organon.]

Defn: A speaking machine.

PHONOSCOPE Pho"no*scope, n. Etym: [Phono- + -scope.] (Physics) (a) An instrument for observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding bodies; especially, an apparatus invented by König for testing the quality of musical strings. (b) An instrument for producing luminous figures by the vibrations of sounding bodies.

PHONOTYPE Pho"no*type, n. Etym: [Phono- + -type.]

Defn: A type or character used in phonotypy.

PHONOTYPIC; PHONOTYPICAL Pho`no*typ"ic, Pho`no*typ"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet.

PHONOTYPIST Pho*not"y*pist, n.

Defn: One versed in phonotypy.

PHONOTYPY Pho*not"y*py, n.

Defn: A method of phonetic printing of the English language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary sound by a separate character.

PHORMINX Phor"minx, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A kind of lyre used by the Greeks. Mrs. Browning.

PHORMIUM Phor"mi*um, n. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species (Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.

PHORONE Phor"one, n. Etym: [Camphor + acetone.] (Chem.)

Defn: A yellow crystalline substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds.

PHORONIS Pho*ro"nis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva (Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.

PHORONOMIA Phor`o*no"mi*a, n. Etym: [NL.]

Defn: See Phoronomics.

PHORONOMICS Phor`o*nom"ics, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The science of motion; kinematics. [R.] Weisbach.

PHOSGENE Phos"gene, a. Etym: [Gr. phosgène.] (Old Chem.)

Defn: Producing, or produced by, the action of light; -- formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl chloride. See Carbonyl.

PHOSGENITE Phos"gen*ite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. It is a chlorocarbonate of lead.

PHOSPHAM Phos"pham, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + ammonia.] (Chem.)

Defn: An inert amorphous white powder, PN2H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus. [Spelt also phosphame.] -- Phos"pham"ic, a.

PHOSPHATE Phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of phosphoric acid.

PHOSPHATIC Phos*phat"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, phosphatic nodules. Phosphatic diathesis (Med.), a habit of body which leads to the undue excretion of phosphates with the urine.

PHOSPHATURIA Phos`pha*tu"ri*a, n. Etym: [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.)

Defn: The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.

PHOSPHENE Phos"phene, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: A luminous impression produced through excitation of the retina by some cause other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf. After- image.

PHOSPHIDE Phos"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of phosphorus.

PHOSPHINE Phos"phine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen.

Note: It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.

PHOSPHINIC Phos*phin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.

PHOSPHITE Phos"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of phosphorous acid.

PHOSPHONIC Phos*phon"ic, a. Etym: [Phosphoric + sulphonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.

PHOSPHONIUM Phos*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + ammonium.] (Chem.)

Defn: The hypothetical radical PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.

PHOSPHOR Phos"phor, n. Etym: [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.]

1. Phosphorus. [Obs.] Addison.

2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer. [Poetic] Pope. Tennyson.

PHOSPHORATE Phos"phor*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phosphorated; p. pr. & vb. n. Phosphorating.] (Chem.)

Defn: To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus or its compounds; as, phosphorated oil.

PHOSPHOR-BRONZE Phos"phor-bronze`, n. Etym: [Phosphor + bronze.] (Metal.)

Defn: A variety of bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin.

PHOSPHOREOUS Phos*pho"re*ous, a.

Defn: Phosphorescent. [Obs.]

PHOSPHORESCE Phos`phor*esce", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced; p. pr. & vb. n. Phosphorescing.]

Defn: To shine as phosphorus; to be phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.

PHOSPHORESCENCE Phos`phor*es"cence, n. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorescence.]

1. The quality or state of being phosphorescent; or the act of phosphorescing.

2. A phosphoric light.

PHOSPHORESCENT Phos`phor*es"cent, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorescent.]

Defn: Shining with a phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat. -- n.

Defn: A phosphorescent substance.

PHOSPHORIC Phos*phor"ic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphorique.]

1. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.

2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron. Glacial phosphoric acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form of glassy semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric acid. -- Phosphoric acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H3PO4, which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates. -- Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts, which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant juices. -- Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) salts.

PHOSPHORICAL Phos*phor"ic*al, a. (Old Chem.)

Defn: Phosphoric.

PHOSPHORITE Phos"phor*ite, n.

Defn: (min.) A massive variety of apatite.

PHOSPHORITIC Phos`phor*it"ic, a. (Min.)

Defn: Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or of the nature of, phosphorite.

PHOSPHORIZE Phos"phor*ize, v. t.

Defn: To phosphorate.

PHOSPHORIZED Phos"phor*ized, a.

Defn: Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.

PHOSPHOROGENIC Phos`phor*o*gen"ic, a. Etym: [Phosphorus + -gen + -ic.]

Defn: Generating phosphorescence; as, phosphorogenic rays.

PHOSPHOROSCOPE Phos*phor"o*scope, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + -scope.] (Physics)

Defn: An apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.

PHOSPHOROUS Phos"phor*ous, a. Etym: [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3.

PHOSPHORUS Phos"phor*us, n.; pl. Phosphori. Etym: [L., the morning star, Gr.

1. The morning star; Phosphor.

2. (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.

3. (Chem.)

Defn: Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies. Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure to light; -- so called because this property was discovered by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds having similar properties. -- Metallic phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a high temperature. -- Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other symptoms. -- Red, or Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the friction surface on which safety matches are ignited. -- Solar phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.

PHOSPHORUS STEEL Phosphorus steel.

Defn: A steel in which the amount of phosphorus exceeds that of carbon.

PHOSPHORYL Phos"phor*yl, n. Etym: [Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.)

Defn: The radical PO, regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.

PHOSPHURET Phos"phu*ret, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A phosphide. [Obsoles.]

PHOSPHURETED Phos"phu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Impregnated, or combined, with phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also phosphuretted.] Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.

PHOTIC Pho"tic, a. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol.)

Defn: Relating to the production of light by the lower animals.

PHOTIC REGION Photic region. (Phytogeography)

Defn: The uppermost zone of the sea, which receives the most light.

PHOTICS Pho"tics, n. (Physics)

Defn: The science of light; -- a general term sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing vision. Knight.

PHOTISM Pho"tism, n. [Gr. illumination.] (Psycol.)

Defn: A luminous image or appearance of a hallucinatory character.

PHOTO Pho"to, n.; pl. Photos (.

Defn: A contraction of Photograph. [Colloq.]

PHOTO- Pho"to-.

Defn: A combining form from Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as, photography, phototype, photometer.

PHOTOBACTERIUM Pho`to*bac*te"ri*um, n. [NL. See Photo-, and Bacterium.] (Bacteriol.)

Defn: A genus including certain comma-shaped marine bacteria which emit bluish or greenish phosphorescence. Also, any microörganism of this group.

PHOTOBIOTIC Pho`to*bi*ot"ic, a. Etym: [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.)

Defn: Requiring light to live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells.

PHOTOCERAMICS Pho`to*ce*ram"ics, n.

Defn: Art or process of decorating pottery with photographically prepared designs. -- Pho`to*ce*ram"ic (#), a.

PHOTOCHEMICAL Pho`to*chem"ic*al, a. Etym: [Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.

PHOTOCHEMISTRY Pho`to*chem"is*try, n. Etym: [Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.)

Defn: The branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in photography.

PHOTOCHROMIC; PHOTOCHROMATIC Pho`to*chro"mic, Pho`to*chro*mat"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.

PHOTOCHROMOGRAPHY Pho`to*chro*mog"ra*phy, n. [Photo- + Gr. color + -graphy.]

Defn: Art or process of printing colored photographs.

PHOTOCHROMOSCOPE Pho`to*chro"mo*scope, n. [Photo-+ Gr. color + -scope.]

1. A device for giving shifting effects of color to a photograph. The unmounted print, made translucent, is illuminated from behind with colored light.

2. A combination of three optical lanterns for projecting objects on a screen in the colors of nature. The images of three partial photographs taken through color screens (red, green, and blue, respectively) are superimposed. Each image is given its own primary color, and these colors blend and reproduce the colors of the object.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPE Pho`to*chro"mo*type, n. [Photo-+ Gr. color + -type.]

Defn: A colored print made photomechanically.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPE Pho`to*chro"mo*type, v. t.

Defn: To represent by a colored print made by any photomechanical process.

PHOTOCHROMOTYPY Pho`to*chro"mo*typ`y, n.

Defn: The art of making photochromotypes.

PHOTOCHROMY Pho*toch"ro*my, n. Etym: [Photo- + Gr.

Defn: The art or process of reproducing colors by photography.

PHOTOCHRONOGRAPH Pho`to*chron"o*graph, n. [Photo-+ chronograph.]