Chapter CCII: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (23)

Defn: A yellow amorphous mineral, essentially a hydrated oxide of uranium derived from the alteration of uraninite.

GUMMOSITY Gum*mos"i*ty, n.

Defn: Gumminess; a viscous or adhesive quality or nature. [R.] Floyer.

GUMMOUS Gum"mous, a. Etym: [L. gummosus; cf. F. gommeux.]

1. Gumlike, or composed of gum; gummy.

2. (Med.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a gumma.

GUMMY Gum"my, a. Etym: [Compar. Gummer (Gummirst.]

Defn: Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum. Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. Milton. Then rubs his gummy eyes. Dryden. Gummy tumor (Med.), a gumma.

GUMP Gump, n. Etym: [Cf. Sw. & Dan. gump buttocks, rump, Icel. gumprg.]

Defn: A dolt; a dunce. [Low.] Holloway.

GUMPTION Gump"tion, n. Etym: [OE. gom, gome, attention; akin to AS. geómian, gyman, to regard, observe, gyme care, OS. gomean to heed, Goth. gaumjan to see, notice.]

1. Capacity; shrewdness; common sense. [Colloq.] One does not have gumption till one has been properly cheated. Lord Lytton.

2. (Paint.) (a) The art of preparing colors. Sir W. Scott. (b) Megilp. Fairholt.

GUN Gun, n. Etym: [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., Gael.) A LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.]

1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called small arms. Larger guns are called cannon, ordnance, fieldpieces, carronades, howitzers, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary. As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder runne. Chaucer. The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out. Selden.

2. (Mil.)

Defn: A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon.

3. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: Violent blasts of wind.

Note: Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner of loading as rifled or smoothbore, breech-loading or muzzle-loading, cast or built-up guns; or according to their use, as field, mountain, prairie, seacoast, and siege guns. Armstrong gun, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong. -- Great gun, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in any way. -- Gun barrel, the barrel or tube of a gun. -- Gun carriage, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved. -- Gun cotton (Chem.), a general name for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See Pyroxylin, and cf. Xyloidin. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for making collodion. See Celluloid, and Collodion. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric acid. -- Gun deck. See under Deck. -- Gun fire, the time at which the morning or the evening gun is fired. -- Gun metal, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron. -- Gun port (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for firing. -- Gun tackle (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port. -- Gun tackle purchase (Naut.), a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall. Totten. -- Krupp gun, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp. -- Machine gun, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The Gatling gun, Gardner gun, Hotchkiss gun, and Nordenfelt gun, named for their inventors, and the French mitrailleuse, are machine guns. -- To blow great guns (Naut.), to blow a gale. See Gun, n., 3.

GUN Gun, v. i.

Defn: To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form; as, to go gunning.

GUNA Gu"na (goo"na), n. Etym: [Skr. guna quality.]

Defn: In Sanskrit grammar, a lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element. The term is sometimes used to denote the same vowel change in other languages.

GUNARCHY Gu"nar*chy, n.

Defn: See Gynarchy.

GUNBOAT Gun"boat`, n. (Nav.)

Defn: A vessel of light draught, carrying one or more guns.

GUNCOTTON Gun"cot`ton.

Defn: See under Gun.

GUNDELET Gun"de*let, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Gondola. Marston.

GUNFLINT Gun"flint`, n.

Defn: A sharpened flint for the lock of a gun, to ignite the charge. It was in common use before the introduction of percussion caps.

GUNJAH Gun"jah, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Ganja.

GUNLOCK Gun"lock`, n.

Defn: The lock of a gun, for producing the discharge. See Lock.

GUNNAGE Gun"nage, n.

Defn: The number of guns carried by a ship of war.

GUNNEL Gun"nel, n. Etym: [See Gunwale.]

1. A gunwale.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, eel-shaped, marine fish of the genus Murænoides; esp., M. gunnellus of Europe and America; -- called also gunnel fish, butterfish, rock eel.

GUNNER Gun"ner, n.

1. One who works a gun, whether on land or sea; a cannoneer.

2. A warrant officer in the navy having charge of the ordnance on a vessel.

3. (Zoöl.) (a) The great northern diver or loon. See Loon. (b) The sea bream. [Prov. Eng. or Irish] Gunner's daughter, the gun to which men or boys were lashed for punishment. [Sailor's slang] W. C. Russell.

GUNNERY Gun"ner*y, n.

Defn: That branch of military science which comprehends the theory of projectiles, and the manner of constructing and using ordnance.

GUNNIE Gun"nie, n. (Mining.)

Defn: Space left by the removal of ore.

GUNNING Gun"ning, n.

Defn: The act or practice of hunting or shooting game with a gun. The art of gunning was but little practiced. Goldsmith.

GUNNY; GUNNY CLOTH Gun"ny, n., Gun"ny cloth` (. Etym: [Hind. gon, gon,, a sack, sacking.]

Defn: A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants of the genus Corchorus (C. olitorius and C. capsularis), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage. Gunny bag, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities.

GUNOCRACY Gu*noc"ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Gyneocracy.

GUNPOWDER Gun"pow`der, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A black, granular, explosive substance, consisting of an intimate mechanical mixture of niter, charcoal, and sulphur. It is used in gunnery and blasting.

Note: Gunpowder consists of from 70 to 80 per cent of niter, with 10 to 15 per cent of each of the other ingredients. Its explosive energy is due to the fact that it contains the necessary amount of oxygen for its own combustion, and liberates gases (chiefly nitrogen and carbon dioxide), which occupy a thousand or fifteen hundred times more space than the powder which generated them. Gunpowder pile driver, a pile driver, the hammer of which is thrown up by the explosion of gunpowder. -- Gunpowder plot (Eng. Hist.), a plot to destroy the King, Lords, and Commons, in revenge for the penal laws against Catholics. As Guy Fawkes, the agent of the conspirators, was about to fire the mine, which was placed under the House of Lords, he was seized, Nov. 5, 1605. Hence, Nov. 5 is known in England as Guy Fawkes Day. -- Gunpowder tea, a species of fine green tea, each leaf of which is rolled into a small ball or pellet.

GUNREACH Gun"reach`, n.

Defn: The reach or distance to which a gun will shoot; gunshot.

GUNROOM Gun"room` (, n. (Naut.)

Defn: An apartment on the after end of the lower gun deck of a ship of war, usually occupied as a messroom by the commissioned officers, except the captain; -- called wardroom in the United States navy.

GUNSHOT Gun"shot`, n.

1. Act of firing a gun; a shot.

2. The distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun, so as to be effective; the reach or range of a gun. Those who are come over to the royal party are supposed to be out of gunshot. Dryden.

GUNSHOT Gun"shot`, a.

Defn: Made by the shot of a gun: as. a gunshot wound.

GUNSMITH Gun"smith, n.

Defn: One whose occupation is to make or repair small firearms; an armorer.

GUNSMITHERY; GUNSMITH; GUNSMITHING Gunsmith`er*y, Gun"smith` ing, n.

Defn: The art or business of a gunsmith.

GUNSTICK Gun"stick, n.

Defn: A stick to ram down the charge of a musket, etc.; a rammer or ramrod. [R.]

GUNSTOCK Gun"stock`, n.

Defn: The stock or wood to which the barrel of a hand gun is fastened.

GUNSTOME Gun"stome`, n.

Defn: A cannon ball; -- so called because originally made of stone. [Obs.] Shak.

GUNTER RIG Gun"ter rig`. (Naut.)

Defn: A topmast arranged with metal bands so that it will readily slide up and down the lower mast.

GUNTER'S CHAIN Gun"ter's chain`. (Surveying)

Defn: The chain ordinarily used in measuring land. See Chain, n., 4, and Gunter's scale.

GUNTER'S LINE Gun"ter's line`.

Defn: A logarithmic line on Gunter's scale, used for performing the multiplication and division of numbers mechanically by the dividers; -- called also line of lines, and line of numbers.

GUNTER'S QUADRANT Gun"ter's quad`rant.

Defn: A thin quadrant, made of brass, wood, etc., showing a stereographic projection on the plane of the equator. By it are found the hour of the day, the sun's azimuth, the altitude of objects in degrees, etc. See Gunter's scale.

GUNTER'S SCALE Gun"ter's scale`.

Defn: A scale invented by the Rev. Edmund Gunter (1581-1626), a professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London, who invented also Gunter's chain, and Gunter's quadrant.

Note: Gunter's scale is a wooden rule, two feet long, on one side of which are marked scales of equal parts, of chords, sines, tangents, rhombs, etc., and on the other side scales of logarithms of these various parts, by means of which many problems in surveying and navigation may be solved, mechanically, by the aid of dividers alone.

GUNWALE Gun"wale, n. Etym: [Gun + wale. So named because the upper guns were pointed from it.] (Naut.)

Defn: The upper edge of a vessel's or boat's side; the uppermost wale of a ship (not including the bulwarks); or that piece of timber which reaches on either side from the quarter-deck to the forecastle, being the uppermost bend, which finishes the upper works of the hull. [Written also gunnel.]

GURGE Gurge, n. Etym: [L. gurges.]

Defn: A whirlpool. [Obs.] The plain, wherein a black bituminous gurge Boils out from under ground. Milton.

GURGE Gurge, v. t. Etym: [See Gorge.]

Defn: To swallow up. [Obs.]

GURGEONS Gur"geons, n. pl. [Obs.]

Defn: See Grudgeons.

GURGLE Gur"gle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gurgled;p. pr. & vb. n. Gurgling.] Etym: [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.]

Defn: To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones. Pure gurgling rills the lonely desert trace, And waste their music on the savage race. Young.

GURGLE Gur"gle, n.

Defn: The act of gurgling; a broken, bubbling noise. "Tinkling gurgles." W. Thompson.

GURGLET Gur"glet, n. Etym: [See Goglet.]

Defn: A porous earthen jar for cooling water by evaporation.

GURGLINGLY Gur"gling*ly`, adv.

Defn: In a gurgling manner.

GURGOYLE Gur"goyle, n.

Defn: See Gargoyle.

GURJUN Gur"jun, n.

Defn: A thin balsam or wood oil derived from the Diptcrocarpus lævis, an East Indian tree. It is used in medicine, and as a substitute for linseed oil in the coarser kinds of paint.

GURL Gurl, n.

Defn: A young person of either sex. [Obs.] See Girl. Chaucer.

GURLET Gur"let, n. (Masonry)

Defn: A pickax with one sharp point and one cutting edge. Knight.

GURMY Gur"my, n. (Mining)

Defn: A level; a working.

GURNARD; GURNET Gur"nard, Gur"net n. Etym: [OF. gornal, gournal, gornart, perh. akin to F. grogner to grunt; cf. Ir. guirnead gurnard.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One ofseveral European marine fishes, of the genus Trigla and allied genera, having a large and spiny head, with mailed cheeks. Some of the species are highly esteemed for food. The name is sometimes applied to the American sea robins. [Written also gournet.] Plyling gurnard. See under Flying.

GURNIAD Gur"ni*ad, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gwiniad.

GURRY Gur"ry, n.

Defn: An alvine evacuation; also, refuse matter. [Obs. or Local] Holland.

GURRY Gur"ry`, n. Etym: [Hind. garhi.]

Defn: A small fort. [India]

GURT Gurt, n. (Mining)

Defn: A gutter or channel for water, hewn out of the bottom of a working drift. Page.

GURTS Gurts, n. pl. Etym: [Cf. Grout.]

Defn: Groatts. [Obs.]

GUSH Gush, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gushed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gushing.] Etym: [OE. guschen, cf. Icel. gusa and gjsa, also D. gucsen; perh. akin to AS. geótan to pour, G. giessen, Goth. giutan, E. gut. Cf. Found to cast.]

1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid; to rush forth as a fluid from confinement; to flow copiously. He smote the rock that the waters gushed out. Ps ixxviii 20. A sea of blood gushed from the gaping wound. Spenser.

2. To make a sentimental or untimely exhibition of affection; to display enthusiasm in a silly, demonstrative manner. [Colloq.]

GUSH Gush, v. t.

1. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an inclosed plase; an emission of a liquid in a large quantity, and with force; the fluid thus emitted; a rapid outpouring of anything; as, a gush of song from a bird. The gush of springs, An fall of lofty foundains. Byron.

2. A sentimental exhibition of affection or enthusiasm, etc.; effusive display of sentiment. [Collog.]

GUSHER Gush"er, n.

Defn: One who gushes. [Colloq.]

GUSHING Gush"ing, a.

1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid; flowing copiously; as, gushing waters. "Gushing blood." Milton.

2. Emitting copiously, as tears or words; weakly and unreservedly demonstrative in matters of affection; sentimental. [Colloq.]

GUSHINGLY Gush"ing*ly

Defn: , adv.

1. In a gushing manner; copiously. Byron.

2. Weakly; sentimentally; effusively. [Colloq.]

GUSSET Gus"set, n. Etym: [F. gousset armpit, fob, gusset, dim. of gousse pod, husk; cf. It. guscio shell, or W. cwysed gore, gusset.]

1. A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement. Seam and gusset and band. Hood.

2. Anything resembling a gusset in a garment; as: (a) (Armor) A small piece of chain mail at the openings of the joints beneath the arms. (b) (Mach.) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; esp., the part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.

3. (Her.)

Defn: An abatement or mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, resembling a gusset.

GUST Gust, n. Etym: [Icel. gustr a cool breeze. Cf. Gush.]

1. A sudden squall; a violent blast of wind; a sudden and brief rushing or driving of the wind. Snow, and hail, stormy gust and flaw. Milton.

2. A sudden violent burst of passion. Bacon.

GUST Gust, n. Etym: [L. gustus; cf. It. & Sp. gusto. sq. root46.]

1. The sense or pleasure of tasting; relish; gusto. An ox will relish the tender flesh of kids with as much gust and appetite. Jer. Taylor.

2. Gratification of any kind, particularly that which is exquisitely relished; enjoyment. Destroy all creatures for thy sport or gust. Pope.

3. Intellectual taste; fancy. A choice of it may be made according to the gust and manner of the ancients. Dryden.

GUST Gust, v. t. Etym: [Cf. L. gustare, It. gustare, Sp. gustar. See GUST a relish.]

Defn: To taste; to have a relish for. [Obs.]

GUSTABLE Gust"a*ble, a. Etym: [See Gust, v.] [Obs.]

1. Capable of being tasted; tastable. This position informs us of a vulgar error, terming the gall bitter; whereas there is nothing gustable sweeter. Harvey.

2. Pleasant to the taste; toothsome; savory. A gustable thing, seen or smelt, excites the appetite, and affects the glands and parts of the mouth. Derham.

GUSTABLE Gust"a*ble, n.

Defn: Anything that can be tasted. [Obs.]

GUSTARD Gus"tard, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The great bustard.

GUSTATION Gus*ta"tion, n. Etym: [L. gustatio: cf. F. gustation.]

Defn: The act of tasting. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

GUSTATORY Gusta*to*ry, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or subservient to, the sense of taste; as, the gustatory nerve which supplies the front of the tongue.

GUSTFUL Gust"ful, a.

Defn: Tasteful; well-tasted. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. -- Gust"ful*ness, n. [Obs.] Barrow.

GUSTFUL Gust"ful, a.

Defn: Gusty. [R.] A gustful April morn. Tennyson.

GUSTLESS Gust"less, a.

Defn: Tasteless; insipid. [R.]

GUSTO Gus"to, n. Etym: [It. or Sp., fr. L. gustus; akin to E. choose. Cf. 2d GUST, GOUR.]

Defn: Nice or keen appreciation or enjoyment; relish; taste; fancy. Dryden.

GUSTOSO Gus*to"so, a. & adv. Etym: [It.] (Mus.)

Defn: Tasteful; in a tasteful, agreeable manner.

GUSTY Gust"y, a.

Defn: Subject to, or characterized by, gusts or squalls; windy; stormy; tempestuous. Upon a raw and gusty day. Shak.

GUT Gut, n. Etym: [OE. gut, got, AS. gut, prob. orig., a channel, and akin to geótan to pour. See FOUND to cast.]

1. A narrow passage of water; as, the Gut of Canso.

2. An intenstine; a bowel; the whole alimentary canal; the enteron; (pl.) bowels; entrails.

3. One of the prepared entrails of an animal, esp. of a sheep, used for various purposes. See Catgut.

4. The sac of silk taken from a silkworm (when ready to spin its cocoon), for the purpose of drawing it out into a thread. This, when dry, is exceedingly strong, and is used as the snood of a fish line. Blind gut. See CÆcum, n. (b).

GUT Gut, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gutting.]

1. To take out the bowels from; to eviscerate.

2. To plunder of contents; to destroy or remove the interior or contents of; as, a mob gutted the bouse. Tom Brown, of facetious memory, having gutted a proper name of its vowels, used it as freely as he pleased. Addison.

GUTTA Gut"ta, n.; pl. GuttÆ. Etym: [L.]

1. A drop.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of a series of ornaments, in the form of a frustum of a cone, attached to the lower part of the triglyphs, and also to the lower faces of the mutules, in the Doric order; -- called also campana, and drop. Gutta serena Etym: [L., lit. serene or clear drop] (Med.), amaurosis. -- Guttæ band (Arch.), the listel or band from which the guttæ hang.

GUTTA-PERCHA Gut"ta-per`cha, n. Etym: [Malay gutah gum + pertja the tree from which is it procured.]

Defn: A concrete juice produced by various trees found in the Malayan archipelago, especially by the Isonandra, or Dichopsis, Gutta. It becomes soft, and unpressible at the tamperature of boiling water, and, on cooling, retains its new shape. It dissolves in oils and ethers, but not in water. In many of its properties it resembles caoutchouc, and it is extensively used for many economical purposes. The Mimusops globosa of Guiana also yields this material.

GUTTATE Gut"tate, a. Etym: [L. guttatus. Cf. Gutty.]

Defn: Spotted, as if discolored by drops.

GUTTATED Gut"ta*ted, a. Etym: [See Guttate.]

Defn: Besprinkled with drops, or droplike spots. Bailey.

GUTTATRAP Gut"ta*trap, n.

Defn: The inspissated juice of a tree of the genus Artocarpus (A. incisa, or breadfruit tree), sometimes used in making birdlime, on account of its glutinous quality.

GUTTER Gut"ter, n. Etym: [OE. gotere, OF. goutiere, F. gouttière, fr. OF. gote, goute, drop, F. goutte, fr. L. gutta.]

1. A channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the rain; an eaves channel; an eaves trough.

2. A small channel at the roadside or elsewhere, to lead off surface water. Gutters running with ale. Macaulay.

3. Any narrow channel or groove; as, a gutter formed by erosion in the vent of a gun from repeated firing. Gutter member (Arch.), an architectural member made by treating the outside face of the gutter in a decorative fashion, or by crowning it with ornaments, regularly spaced, like a diminutive battlement. -- Gutter plane, a carpenter's plane with a rounded bottom for planing out gutters. -- Gutter snipe, a neglected boy running at large; a street Arab. [Slang] -- Gutter stick (Printing), one of the pieces of furniture which separate pages in a form.

GUTTER Gut*ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guttered; p. pr. & vb. n. Guttering.]

1. To cut or form into small longitudinal hollows; to channel. Shak.

2. To supply with a gutter or gutters. [R.] Dryden.

GUTTER Gut"ter, v. i.

Defn: To become channeled, as a candle when the flame flares in the wind.

GUTTERSNIPE Gut"ter*snipe", n. (Slang) (a) A small poster, suitable for a curbstone. (b) A curbstone broker. [U. S.]

GUTTIFER Gut"ti*fer`, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. gutta drop+ ferre to bear.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant that exudes gum or resin.

GUTTIFEROUS Gut*tif"er*ous, a. (Bot.) (a) Yielding gum or resinous substances. (b) Pertaining to a natural order of trees and shrubs (Guttiferæ) noted for their abounding in a resinous sap.

GUTTIFORM Gut"ti*form, a. Etym: [L. gutta a drop + -form.]

Defn: Drop-shaped, as a spot of color.

GUTTLE Gut"tle, v. t. & i. Etym: [From GUT, n.]

Defn: To put into the gut; to swallow greedily; to gorge; to gormandize. [Obs.] L'Estrange. Dryden.

GUTTLER Gut"tler, n.

Defn: A greedy eater; a glutton. [Obs.]

GUTTULOUS Gut"tu*lous, a. Etym: [L. guttula a little drop, dim. of gutta drop.]

Defn: In droplike form. [Obs.] In its [hail's] guttulous descent from the air. Sir T. Browne.

GUTTURAL Gut"tur*al, a. Etym: [L. guttur throat: cf. F. gutural.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the throat; formed in the throat; relating to, or characteristic of, a sound formed in the throat. Children are occasionally born with guttural swellings. W. Guthrie. In such a sweet, guttural accent. Landor.

GUTTURAL Gut"tur*al, n.

Defn: A sound formed in the throat; esp., a sound formed by the aid of the back of the tongue, much retracted, and the soft palate; also, a letter representing such a sound.

GUTTURALISM Gut"tur*al*ism, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural; as, the gutturalism of A [in the 16th cent.] Earle.

GUTTURALITY Gut"tur*al"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural. [R.] "The old gutturality of k." Earle.

GUTTURALIZE Gut"tur*al*ize, v. t.

Defn: To speak gutturally; to give a guttural sound to.

GUTTURALLY Gut"tur*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a guttural manner.

GUTTURALNESS Gut"tur*al*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being guttural.

GUTTURINE Gut"tur*ine, a. Etym: [L. guttur throat.]

Defn: Pertaining to the throat. [Obs.] "Gutturine tumor." Ray.

GUTTURIZE Gut"tur*ize, v. t. Etym: [L. guttur throat.]

Defn: To make in the throat; to gutturalize. [R.] For which the Germans gutturize a sound. Coleridge.

GUTTURO- Gut"tur*o-.

Defn: A combining form denoting relation to the throat; as, gutturo- nasal, having both a guttural and a nasal character; gutturo-palatal.

GUTTY Gut"ty, a. Etym: [L. gutta drop: cf. F. goutté. Cf. Guttated.] (Her.)

Defn: Charged or sprinkled with drops.

GUTWORT Gut"wort`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant, Globularia Alypum, a violent purgative, found in Africa.

GUY Guy, n. Etym: [Sp. guia guide, a guy or small rope used on board of ships to keep weighty things in their places; of Teutonic origin, and the same word as E. guide. See Guide, and cf. Gye.]

Defn: A rope, chain, or rod attached to anything to steady it; as: a rope to steady or guide an object which is being hoisted or lowered; a rope which holds in place the end of a boom, spar, or yard in a ship; a chain or wire rope connecting a suspension bridge with the land on either side to prevent lateral swaying; a rod or rope attached to the top of a structure, as of a derrick, and extending obliquely to the ground, where it is fastened.

GUY Guy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Guyed; p. pr. & vb. n. Guying.]

Defn: To steady or guide with a guy.

GUY Guy, n.

1. A grotesque effigy, like that of Guy Fawkes, dressed up in England on the fifth of November, the day of the Gunpowder Plot. The lady . . . who dresses like a guy. W. S. Gilbert.

2. A person of queer looks or dress. Dickens.

GUY Guy, v. t.

Defn: To fool; to baffle; to make (a person) an object of ridicule. [Local & Collog U.S.]

GUYLE Guyle, v. t.

Defn: To guile. [Obs.] Spenser.

GUZE Guze, n. Etym: [Cf. Gules.] (Her.)

Defn: A roundlet of tincture sanguine, which is blazoned without mention of the tincture.

GUZZLE Guz"zle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Guzzled, p. pr. & vb. n. Guzzling (.] Etym: [OP. gosillier, prob. orig., to pass through the throat; akin to F. gosier throat; cf. It. gozzo a bird's crop.]

Defn: To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much or frequently. Those that came to guzzle in his wine cellar. Milton. Well-seasoned bowls the gossip's spirits raise, Who, while she guzzles, chats the doctor's praise. Roscommon. To fat the guzzling hogs with floods of whey. Gay.

GUZZLE Guz"zle, v. t.

Defn: To swallow much or often; to swallow with immoderate gust; to drink greedily or continually; as, one who guzzles beer. Dryden.

GUZZLE Guz"zle, n.

Defn: An insatiable thing or person. That sink of filth, that guzzle most impure. Marston.

GUZZLER Guz"zler, n.

Defn: An immoderate drinker.

GWINIAD Gwin"i*ad, n. Etym: [W. gwyniad a whiting, the name of various fishes, fr. gwyn white.] (Zool.)

Defn: A fish (Coregonus ferus) of North Wales and Northern Europe, allied to the lake whitefish; -- called also powan, and schelly. [Written also gwyniad, guiniad, gurniad.]

GYALL Gy"all, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Gayal.

GYB; GYBE Gyb, Gybe (, n. (Naut.)

Defn: See Jib. [Obs.]

GYBE Gybe, n. & v.

Defn: See Gibe.

GYBE Gybe, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gybed; p. pr. & vb. n. Gybing.] Etym: [See Jibe.] (Naut.)

Defn: To shift from one side of a vessel to the other; -- said of the boom of a fore-and-aft sail when the vessel is steered off the wind until the sail fills on the opposite side. [Also jibe.]

GYE Gye, v. t. Etym: [OF. guier; of German origin. See Guide, and cf. Guy.]

Defn: To guide; to govern. [Obs.] Discreet enough his country for to gye. Chaucer.

GYLE Gyle, n. Etym: [F. guiller to ferment. Cf. Guillevat.]

Defn: Fermented wort used for making vinegar. Gyle tan (Brewing), a large vat in which wort ferments.

GYMNAL Gym"nal, a. & n.

Defn: Same as Gimmal.

GYMNASIARCH Gym*na"si*arch, n. Etym: [L. gymnasiarchus, Gr. gymnasiarque.] (Gr. Antiq.)

Defn: An Athenian officer who superintended the gymnasia, and provided the oil and other necessaries at his own expense.

GYMNASIUM Gym*na"si*um n.; pl. E. Gymnasiums, L. Gymnasia. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

1. A place or building where athletic exercises are performed; a school for gymnastics.

2. A school for the higher branches of literature and science; a preparatory school for the university; -- used esp. of German schools of this kind. More like ordinary schools of gymnasia than universities. Hallam.

GYMNAST Gym"nast (, n. Etym: [Gr. gymnaste. See Gymnasium.]

Defn: One who teaches or practices gymnastic exercises; the manager of a gymnasium; an athlete.

GYMNASTIC; GYMNASTICAL Gym*nas"tic, Gym*nas"tic*al, a. Etym: [L. gymnasticus, Gr. gymnastique. See Gymnasium.]

Defn: Pertaining to athletic exercises intended for health, defense, or diversion; -- said of games or exercises, as running, leaping, wrestling, throwing the discus, the javelin, etc.; also, pertaining to disciplinary exercises for the intellect; athletic; as, gymnastic exercises, contests, etc.

GYMNASTIC Gym*nas"tic, n.

Defn: A gymnast. [Obs.]

GYMNASTICALLY Gym*nas"tic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a gymnastic manner.

GYMNASTICS Gym*nas"tics, n.

Defn: Athletic or disciplinary exercises; the art of performing gymnastic exercises; also, disciplinary exercises for the intellect or character.

GYMNIC; GYMNICAL Gym"nic, Gym"nic*al a. Etym: [L. gymnicus, Gr. gymnique. See Gymmasium.]

Defn: Athletic; gymnastic. [Obs.] Have they not swordplayers, and every sort Of gymnic artists, wrestlers, riders, runners Milton.

GYMNIC Gym"nic, n.

Defn: Athletic exercise. [Obs.] Burton.

GYMNITE Gym"nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Min.)

Defn: A hydrous silicate of magnesia.

GYMNOBLASTEA Gym"no*blas`te*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Athecata; -- so called because the medusoid buds are not inclosed in a capsule.

GYMNOBLASTIC Gym"no*blas"tic, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Gymnoblastea.

GYMNOCARPOUS Gym`no*car"pous, a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.)

Defn: Naked-fruited, the fruit either smooth or not adherent to the perianth. Gray.

GYMNOCHROA Gym*noch"ro*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of Hydroidea including the hydra. See Hydra.

GYMNOCLADUS Gym*noc"la*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of leguminous plants; the Kentucky coffee tree. The leaves are cathartic, and the seeds a substitute for coffee.

GYMNOCOPA Gym"no*co`pa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of transparent, free-swimming Annelida, having setae only in the cephalic appendages.

GYMNOCYTE Gym"no*cyte, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s nake +

Defn: (Biol.) A cytode without a proper cell wall, but with a nucleus. Haeckel.

GYMNOCYTODE Gym"no*cy`tode, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + E. cytode.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cytode without either a cell wall or a nucleus. Haeckel.

GYMNODONT Gym"no*dont, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zool.)

Defn: One of a group of plectognath fishes (Gymnodontes), having the teeth and jaws consolidated into one or two bony plates, on each jaw, as the diodonts and tetradonts. See Bur fish, Globefish, Diodon.

GYMNOGEN Gym"no*gen, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + -gen.] (Bot.)

Defn: One of a class of plants, so called by Lindley, because the ovules are fertilized by direct contact of the pollen. Same as Gymnosperm.

GYMNOGLOSSA Gym"no*glos`sa, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A division of gastropods in which the odontophore is without teeth.

GYMNOLAEMA; GYMNOLAEMATA Gym"no*læ`ma, Gym*no*læ"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [Nl., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Bryozoa, having no epistome.

GYMNONOTI Gym"no*no`ti, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The order of fishes which includes the Gymnotus or electrical eel. The dorsal fin is wanting.

GYMNOPAEDIC Gym`no*pæd"ic ((), a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having young that are naked when hatched; psilopædic; -- said of certain birds.

GYMNOPHIONA Gym`no*phi"o*na, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Amphibia, having a long, annulated, snakelike body. See Ophiomorpha.

GYMNOPHTHALMATA Gym`noph*thal"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: A group of acalephs, including the naked-eyed medusæ; the hydromedusæ. Most of them are known to be the free-swimming progeny (gonophores) of hydroids.

GYMNOPLAST Gym"no*plast, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + pla`ssein to shape, mold.] (Biol.)

Defn: A cell or mass of protoplasm devoid of an envelope, as a white blood corpuscle.

GYMNORHINAL Gym"no*rhi`nal, a. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having unfeathered nostrils, as certain birds.

GYMNOSOMATA Gym`no*so"ma*ta, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the orders of Pteropoda. They have no shell.

GYMNOSOPHIST Gym*nos"o*phist, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnosophisle.]

Defn: One of a sect of philosophers, said to have been found in India by Alexander the Great, who went almost naked, denied themselves the use of flesh, renounced bodily pleasures, and employed themselves in the contemplation of nature.

GYMNOSOPHY Gym*nos"o*phy, n.

Defn: The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. Good.

GYMNOSPERM Gym"no*sperm, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A plant that bears naked seeds (i. e., seeds not inclosed in an ovary), as the common pine and hemlock. Cf. Angiosperm.

GYMNOSPERMOUS Gym"no*sper`mous, n. Etym: [Gr. gymno`spermos; gymno`s naked + spe`rma seed: cf. F. gymnosperme.] (Bot.) (a) Having naked seeds, or seeds not inclosed in a capsule or other vessel. (b) Belonging to the class of plants consisting of gymnosperms.

GYMNOTOKA Gym*not"o*ka, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Athecata.

GYMNOTUS Gym*no"tus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. gymno`s naked + gymnote.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of South American fresh-water fishes, including the Gymnotus electricus, or electric eel. It has a greenish, eel-like body, and is possessed of electric power. One fearful shock, fearful but momentary, like from the electric blow of the gymnotus. De Quincey.

GYN Gyn, v. i.

Defn: To begin [Obs.] See Gin.

GYNAECEUM; GYNAECIUM Gyn`æ*ce"um, Gyn`æ*ci"um, n. Etym: [L., fr. Gr.

Defn: The part of a large house, among the ancients, exclusively appropriated to women. [Written also gyneceum, gynecium.] Tennyson.

GYNAECIAN Gy*næ"cian, a.

Defn: The same as Gynecian.

GYNAECOPHORE Gy`næ"co*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A ventral canal or groove, in which the males of some dioecious trematodes carry the female. See Illust. of Hæmatozoa.

GYNANDER Gy*nan"der, n. Etym: [See Gynandrian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A plant having the stamens inserted in the pistil.

GYNANDRIA Gy*nan"dri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Gynandrian.] (Bot.)

Defn: A class of plants in the Linnaean system, whose stamens grow out of, or are united with, the pistil.

GYNANDRIAN; GYNANDROUS Gy*nan"dri*an, Gy*nan"drous, a. Etym: [Gr. gy`nandros of doubtful sex; gynh` a woman + gynandre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Having stamens inserted in the pistil; belonging to the class Gynandria.

GYNANDROMORPH Gy*nan"dro*morph, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An animal affected with gynandromorphism,

GYNANDROMORPHISM Gy*nan"dro*mor`phism, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman, female + (Zoöl.)

Defn: An abnormal condition of certain animals, in which one side has the external characters of the male, and the other those of the female.

GYNANDROMORPHOUS Gy*nan`dro*mor"phous, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Affected, with gynandromorphism.

GYNANTHEROUS Gy*nan"ther*ous, a. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman + E. anther.] (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to an abnormal condition of the flower, in which the stamens are converted into pistils. A. Brown.

GYNARCHY Gyn"ar*chy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh` a woman+ -archy.]

Defn: Government by a woman. Chesterfield.

GYNECEUM Gyn"e*ce`um, n.

Defn: See Gynæceum.

GYNECIAN Gy*ne"cian, a. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: Of or relating to women.

GYNECOCRACY Gyn`e*coc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman + gynécocratie. Cf. Gynocracy.]

Defn: Government by a woman, female power; gyneocracy. Bailey.

GYNECOLOGICAL Gyn"e*co*log`ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to gynecology.

GYNECOLOGY Gyn"e*col`o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. gynh`, gynaiko`s, a woman+ -logy.]

Defn: The science which treats of the structure and diseases of women. -- Gyn`e*col"o*gist.

GYNEOCRACY Gyn"e*oc`ra*cy, n.

Defn: See Gynecocracy.

GYNEOLATRY Gyn`e*ol"a*try, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The adoration or worship of woman. The sentimental gyneolatry of chivalry, which was at best but skin- deep. Lowell.

GYNEPHOBIA Gyn`e*pho"bi*a, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: Hatred of women; repugnance to the society of women. Holmes.

GYNNO Gyn"no, v. i.

Defn: To begin. See Gin. [Obs.]

GYNOBASE Gyn"o*base, n. Etym: [Gr. base.] (Bot.)

Defn: A dilated base or receptacle, supporting a multilocular ovary.

GYNOBASIC Gyn"o*ba`sic, a. (Bot.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or having, a gynobase.

GYNOCRACY Gy*noc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [See Gynecocracy.]

Defn: Female government; gynecocracy. The aforesaid state has repeatedly changed from absolute despotism to republicanism, not forgetting the intermediate stages of oligarchy, limited monarchy, and even gynocracy; for I myself remember Alsatia governed for nearly nine months by an old fishwoman. Sir H. Scott.

GYNODIOECIOUS Gy"no*di*oe`cious, a. Etym: [Gr. di.] (Bot.)

Defn: Dioecious, but having some hermaphrodite or perfect flowers on an individual plant which bears mostly pistillate flowers.

GYNOECIUM Gy*noe"ci*um, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: The pistils of a flower, taken collectively. See Illust. of Carpophore.

GYNOPHORE Gyn"o*phore, n. Etym: [Gr. gynophore.]

1. (Bot.)

Defn: The pedicel raising the pistil or ovary above the stamens, as in the passion flower. Lindley.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the branches bearing the female gonophores, in certain Siphonophora.

GYP Gyp, n. Etym: [Said to be a sportive application of Gr.

Defn: A college servant; -- so called in Cambridge, England; at Oxford called a scout. [Cant]

GYPSE Gypse, n. Etym: [F.]

Defn: See Gypsum. [Obs.] Pococke.

GYPSEOUS Gyp"se*ous, a. Etym: [L. gypseus. See Gypsum.]

Defn: Resembling or containing gypsum; partaking of the qualities of gypsum.

GYPSEY Gyp"sey, n.

Defn: A gypsy. See Gypsy.

GYPSIFEROUS Gyp*sif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Gypsum + -ferous: cf. F. gypsif.]

Defn: Containing gypsum.

GYPSINE Gyp"sine ((), a.

Defn: Gypseous. [R.] Chambers.

GYPSOGRAPHY Gyp*sog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gypsum + -graphy.]

Defn: The act or art of engraving on gypsum.

GYPSOPLAST Gyp"so*plast, n. Etym: [Gypsum + Gr.

Defn: A cast taken in plaster of Paris, or in white lime.

GYPSUM Gyp"sum, n. Etym: [L. gypsum, Gr. jibs plaster, mortar, Per. jabs lime.] (Min.)

Defn: A mineral consisting of the hydrous sulphate of lime (calcium). When calcined, it forms plaster of Paris. Selenite is a transparent, crystalline variety; alabaster, a fine, white, massive variety.

GYPSY Gyp"sy, n.; pl. Gypsies. Etym: [OE. Gypcyan, F. gyptien Egyptian, gypsy, L. Aegyptius. See Egyptian.] [Also spelled gipsy and gypsey.]

1. One of a vagabond race, whose tribes, coming originally from India, entered Europe in 14th or 15th centry, and are now scattered over Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Spain, England, etc., living by theft, fortune telling, horsejockeying, tinkering, etc. Cf. Bohemian, Romany. Like a right gypsy, hath, at fast and loose, Beguiled me to the very heart of loss. Shak.

2. The language used by the gypsies. Shak.

3. A dark-complexioned person. Shak.

4. A cunning or crafty person [Collog.] Prior.

GYPSY Gyp"sy a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or suitable for, gypsies. Gypsy hat, a woman's or child's broad-brimmed hat, usually of straw or felt. -- Gypsy winch, a small winch, which may be operated by a crank, or by a ratchet and pawl through a lever working up and down.

GYPSY Gyp"sy, v. i.

Defn: To play the gypsy; to picnic in the woods. Mostly. Gyp"sy*ing, vb. n.

GYPSYISM Gyp"sy*ism, n.

1. The arts and practices or habits of gypsies; deception; cheating; flattery.

2. The state of a gypsy.

GYPSY MOTH; GIPSY MOTH Gyp"sy, or Gip"sy, moth .

Defn: A tussock moth (Ocneria dispar) native of the Old World, but accidentally introduced into eastern Massachusetts about 1869, where its caterpillars have done great damage to fruit, shade, and forest trees of many kinds. The male gypsy moth is yellowish brown, the female white, and larger than the male. In both sexes the wings are marked by dark lines and a dark lunule. The caterpillars, when full- grown, have a grayish mottled appearance, with blue tubercles on the anterior and red tubercles on the posterior part of the body, all giving rise to long yellow and black hairs. They usually pupate in July and the moth appears in August. The eggs are laid on tree trunks, rocks, etc., and hatch in the spring.

GYPSYWORT Gyp"sy*wort", n. (Bot.)

Defn: A labiate plant (the Lycopus Europæus). Gypsies are said to stain their skin with its juice.

GYRACANTHUS Gyr`a*can"thus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr, (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of fossil fishes, found in Devonian and carboniferous strata; -- so named from their round, sculptured spines.

GYRAL Gy"ral, a. Etym: [See Gyre.]

1. Moving in a circular path or way; whirling; gyratory.

2. (Anat.)

Defn: Pertaining to a gyrus, or convolution.

GYRANT Gy"rant, a.

Defn: Gyrating. [R.]

GYRATE Gy"rate, a. Etym: [L. gyratus made in a circular form, p. p. of gyrare.]

Defn: Winding or coiled round; curved into a circle; taking a circular course.

GYRATE Gy"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gyrated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gyrating.] Etym: [L. gyratus, p. p. of gyrare to gyrate. See Gyre, n.]

Defn: To revolve round a central point; to move spirally about an axis, as a tornado; to revolve.

GYRATION Gy*ra"tion, n.

1. The act of turning or whirling, as around a fixed center; a circular or spiral motion; motion about an axis; rotation; revolution. The gyrations of an ascending balloon. De Quincey. If a burning coal be nimbly moved round in a circle, with gyrations continually repeated, the whole circle will appear like fire. Sir I. Newton.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the whorls of a spiral univalve shell. Center of gyration. (Mech.) See under Center. -- Radius of gyration the distance between the axis of a rotating body and its center of gyration. Rankine.

GYRATORY Gy"ra*to*ry, a.

Defn: Moving in a circle, or spirally; revolving; whirling around.

GYRE Gyre, n. Etym: [L. gyrus, Gr.

Defn: A circular motion, or a circle described by a moving body; a turn or revolution; a circuit. Quick and more quick he spins in giddy gyres. Dryden. Still expanding and ascending gyres. Mrs. Browning.

GYRE Gyre, v. t. & i. Etym: [Cf. OF. gyrer, girer. See Gyrate.]

Defn: To turn round; to gyrate. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Drayton.

GYREFUL Gyre"ful, a.

Defn: Abounding in gyres. [Obs.]

GYRENCEPHALA Gyr"en*ceph`a*la, n. pl. Etym: [NL. fr. Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The higher orders of Mammalia, in which the cerebrum is convoluted. -- Gyr"en*ceph"a*lous, a.

GYRFALCON Gyr"fal`con, n. Etym: [OE. gerfaucon, OF. gerfaucon, LL. gyrofalco, perh. fr. L. gyrus circle + falco falcon, and named from its circling flight; or cf. E. gier-eagle. See Gyre, n., Falcon.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of several species and varieties of large Arctic falcons, esp. Falco rusticolus and the white species F. Islandicus, both of which are circumpolar. The black and the gray are varieties of the former. See Illust. of Accipiter. [Written also gerfalcon, gierfalcon, and jerfalcon.]

GYRI Gy"ri, n. pl.

Defn: See Gyrus.

GYRLAND Gyr"land, v. t. Etym: [See Garland.]

Defn: To garland. [Obs.]

GYRODUS Gyr"o*dus, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of extinct oölitic fishes, having rounded teeth in several rows adapted for crushing.

GYROGONITE Gy*rog"o*nite, n. Etym: [Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: The petrified fruit of the Chara hispida, a species of stonewort. See Stonewort. Lyell.

GYROIDAL Gy*roid"al, a. Etym: [Gr. -oid + -al.]

1. Spiral in arrangement or action.

2. (Crystallog.)

Defn: Having the planes arranged spirally, so that they incline all to the right (or left) of a vertical line; -- said of certain hemihedral forms.

3. (Opt.)

Defn: Turning the plane of polarization circularly or spirally to the right or left.

GYROLEPIS Gy*rol"e*pis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.)

Defn: A genus of ganoid fishes, found in strata of the new red sandetone, and the lias bone beds. Agassiz.

GYROMA Gy*ro"ma, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr.

Defn: A turning round. [R.]

GYROMANCY Gyr"o*man"cy, n. Etym: [Gr. -mancy: cf. F. gyromancie.]

Defn: A kind of divination performed by drawing a ring or circle, and walking in or around it. Brande & C.

GYRON Gy"ron, n. Etym: [F. giron; of German origin. See Gore a piece of cloth,] (Her.)

Defn: A subordinary of triangular form having one of its angles at the fess point and the opposite aide at the edge of the escutcheon. When there is only one gyron on the shield it is bounded by two linea drawn from the fess point, one horizontally to the dexter side, and one to the dexter chief corner.

GYRONNY Gy"ron*ny, a. Etym: [F. gironn.] (Her.)

Defn: Covered with gyrons, or divided so as to form several gyrons; - - said of an escutcheon.

GYROPIGEON; GYRO-PIGEON Gy"ro*pi"geon, n. Etym: [L. gyrare to revolve + E. pigeon.]

Defn: A flying object simulating a pigeon in flight, when projected from a spring trap. It is used as a flying target in shooting matches. Knight.

GYROSCOPE Gy"ro*scope, n. Etym: [Gr. -scope.]

1. A rotating wheel, mounted in a ring or rings, for illustrating the dynamics of rotating bodies, the composition of rotations, etc. It was devised by Professor W. R. Johnson, in 1832, by whom it was called the rotascope.

2. A form of the above apparatus, invented by M. Foucault, mounted so delicately as to render visible the rotation of the earth, through the tendency of the rotating wheel to preserve a constant plane of rotation, independently of the earth's motion.

GYROSCOPIC Gy"ro*scop"ic, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the gyroscope; resembling the motion of the gyroscope.

GYROSE Gy"rose", a. Etym: [See Gyre.] (Bot.)

Defn: Turned round like a crook, or bent to and fro. Loudon.

GYROSTAT Gy"ro*stat, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physics)

Defn: A modification of the gyroscope, consisting essentially of a fly wheel fixed inside a rigid case to which is attached a thin flange of metal for supporting the instrument. It is used in studying the dynamics of rotating bodies.

GYROSTATIC Gy"ro*stat"ic, a. (Physics)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the gyrostat or to gyrostatics.

GYROSTATICS Gy"ro*stat"ics, n. (Physics)

Defn: The doctrine or theory of the gyrostat, or of the phenomena of rotating bodies.

GYRUS Gy"rus, n.; pl. Gyri. Etym: [L. See Gyre, n.]

Defn: A convoluted ridge between grooves; a convolution; as, the gyri of the brain; the gyri of brain coral. See Brain.

GYSE Gyse, n.

Defn: Guise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

GYTE Gyte, a.

Defn: Delirious; senselessly extravagant; as, the man is clean gyte. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

GYVE Gyve, n. Etym: [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. gefyn, Ir. geibbionn, Gael. geimheal.]

Defn: A shackle; especially, one to confine the legs; a fetter. [Written also give.] Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves. Shak. With gyves upon his wrist. Hood.

GYVE Gyve, v. t. Etym: [imp. & p. p. Gyved (p. pr. & vb. n. Gyving.]

Defn: To fetter; to shackle; to chain. Spenser. I will gyve thee in thine own courtship. Shak.

H

Defn: the eighth letter of the English alphabet, is classed among the consonants, and is formed with the mouth organs in the same position as that of the succeeding vowel. It is used with certain consonants to form digraphs representing sounds which are not found in the alphabet, as sh, th, th, as in shall, thing, thine (for zh see §274); also, to modify the sounds of some other letters, as when placed after c and p, with the former of which it represents a compound sound like that of tsh, as in charm (written also tch as in catch), with the latter, the sound of f, as in phase, phantom. In some words, mostly derived or introduced from foreign languages, h following c and g indicates that those consonants have the hard sound before e, i, and y, as in chemistry, chiromancy, chyle, Ghent, Ghibelline, etc.; in some others, ch has the sound of sh, as in chicane. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 153, 179, 181-3, 237-8.

Note: The name (aitch) is from the French ache; its form is from the Latin, and this from the Greek H, which was used as the sign of the spiritus asper (rough breathing) before it came to represent the long vowel, Gr. ê. The Greek H is from Phoenician, the ultimate origin probably being Egyptian. Etymologically H is most closely related to c; as in E. horn, L. cornu, Gr. ke`ras; E. hele, v. t., conceal; E. hide, L. cutis, Gr. ky`tos; E. hundred, L. centum, Gr. 'e-kat-on, Skr. csata. H piece (Mining), the part of a plunger pump which contains the valve.

H H (hal). (Mus.)

Defn: The seventh degree in the diatonic scale, being used by the Germans for B natural. See B.

HA Ha (hal), interj. Etym: [AS.]

Defn: An exclamation denoting surprise, joy, or grief. Both as uttered and as written, it expresses a great variety of emotions, determined by the tone or the context. When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter, satisfaction, or triumph, sometimes of derisive laughter; or sometimes it is equivalent to "Well, it is so." Ha-has, and inarticulate hootings of satirical rebuke. Carlyle.

HAAF Haaf, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. & Sw. haf the sea, Dan. hav, perh. akin to E. haven.]

Defn: The deepsea fishing for cod, ling, and tusk, off the Shetland Isles.

HAAK Haak, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A sea fish. See Hake. Ash.

HAAR Haar, n. Etym: [See Hoar.]

Defn: A fog; esp., a fog or mist with a chill wind. [Scot.] T. Chalmers.

HABEAS CORPUS Ha"be*as corpus. Etym: [L. you may have the body.] (Law)

Defn: A writ having for its object to bring a party before a court or judge; especially, one to inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment or detention by another, with the view to protect the right to personal liberty; also, one to bring a prisoner into court to testify in a pending trial. Bouvier.

HABENDUM Ha*ben"dum, n. Etym: [L., that must be had.] (Law)

Defn: That part of a deed which follows the part called the premises, and determines the extent of the interest or estate granted; -- so called because it begins with the word Habendum. Kent.

HABERDASH Hab"er*dash, v. i. Etym: [See Haberdasher.]

Defn: To deal in small wares. [R.] To haberdash in earth's base ware. Quarles.

HABERDASHER Hab"er*dash"er, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Icel. hapurtask trumpery, trifles, perh. through French. It is possibly akin to E. haversack, and to Icel. taska trunk, chest, pocket, G. tasche pocket, and the orig. sense was perh., peddler's wares.]

1. A dealer in small wares, as tapes, pins, needles, and thread; also, a hatter. [Obs.] The haberdasher heapeth wealth by hats. Gascoigne.

2. A dealer in drapery goods of various descriptions, as laces, silks, trimmings, etc.

HABERDASHERY Hab"er*dash"er*y, n.

Defn: The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher; also (Fig.), trifles. Burke.

HABERDINE Hab"er*dine", n. Etym: [D. abberdaan, labberdaan; or a French form, cf. OF. habordeau, from the name of a Basque district, cf. F. Labourd, adj. Labourdin. The l was misunderstood as the French article.]

Defn: A cod salted and dried. Ainsworth.

HABERGEON Ha*ber"ge*on, n. Etym: [F. haubergeon a small hauberk, dim. of OF. hauberc, F. haubert. See Hauberk.]

Defn: Properly, a short hauberk, but often used loosely for the hauberk. Chaucer.

HABILATORY Hab"i*la*to*ry, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to clothing; wearing clothes. Ld. Lytton.

HABILE Hab"ile, a. Etym: [F. habile, L. habilis. See Able, Habit.]

Defn: Fit; qualified; also, apt. [Obs.] Spenser.

HABILIMENT Ha*bil"i*ment, n. Etym: [F. habillement, fr. habiller to dress, clothe, orig., to make fit, make ready, fr. habile apt, skillful, L. habilis. See Habile.]

1. A garment; an article of clothing. Camden.

2. pl.

Defn: Dress, in general. Shak.

HABILIMENTED Ha*bil"i*ment*ed, a.

Defn: Clothed. Taylor (1630).

HABILITATE Ha*bil"i*tate, a. Etym: [LL. habilitatus, p. p. of habilitare to enable.]

Defn: Qualified or entitled. [Obs.] Bacon.

HABILITATE Ha*bil"i*tate, v. t.

Defn: To fit out; to equip; to qualify; to entitle. Johnson.

HABILITATION Ha*bil"i*ta"tion, n. Etym: [LL. habilitatio: cf. F. habilitation.]

Defn: Equipment; qualification. [Obs.] Bacon.

HABILITY Ha*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Ability.]

Defn: Ability; aptitude. [Obs.] Robynson. (More's Utopia).

HABIT Hab"it n. Etym: [OE. habit, abit fr. habit fr. L. habitus state, appearance, dress, fr. habere to have, be in a condition; prob. akin to E. have. See Have, and cf. Able, Binnacle, Debt, Due, Exhibit, Malady.]

1. The usual condition or state of a person or thing, either natural or acquired, regarded as something had, possessed, and firmly retained; as, a religious habit; his habit is morose; elms have a spreading habit; esp., physical temperament or constitution; as, a full habit of body.

2. (Biol.)

Defn: The general appearance and manner of life of a living organism.

3. Fixed or established custom; ordinary course of conduct; practice; usage; hence, prominently, the involuntary tendency or aptitude to perform certain actions which is acquired by their frequent repetition; as, habit is second nature; also, peculiar ways of acting; characteristic forms of behavior. A man of very shy, retired habits. W. Irving.

4. Outward appearance; attire; dress; hence, a garment; esp., a closely fitting garment or dress worn by ladies; as, a riding habit. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy. Shak. There are, among the states, several of Venus, in different habits. Addison.

Syn. -- Practice; mode; manner; way; custom; fashion. -- Habit, Custom. Habit is a disposition or tendency leading us to do easily, naturally, and with growing certainty, what we do often; custom is external, being habitual use or the frequent repetition of the same act. The two operate reciprocally on each other. The custom of giving produces a habit of liberality; habits of devotion promote the custom of going to church. Custom also supposes an act of the will, selecting given modes of procedure; habit is a law of our being, a kind of "second nature" which grows up within us. How use doth breed a habit in a man ! Shak. He who reigns . . . upheld by old repute, Consent, or custom. Milton.

HABIT Hab"it, v. t. [ Habited; p. pr. & vb. n. Habiting.] Etym: [OE. habiten to dwell, F. habiter, fr. L. habitare to have frequently, to dwell, intens. fr. habere to have. See Habit, n.]

1. To inhabit. [Obs.] In thilke places as they [birds] habiten. Rom. of R.

2. To dress; to clothe; to array. They habited themselves lite those rural deities. Dryden.

3. To accustom; to habituate. [Obs.] Chapman.

HABITABILITY Hab"it*a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: Habitableness.

HABITABLE Hab"it*a*ble, a. Etym: [F. habitable, L. habitbilis.]

Defn: Capable of being inhabited; that may be inhabited or dwelt in; as, the habitable world. -- Hab"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Hab"it*a*bly, adv.

HABITABLE Hab"ita*ble, n Etym: [F. habitacle dwelling place, binnacle, L. habitaculum dwelling place. See Binnacle, Habit, v.]

Defn: A dwelling place. Chaucer. Southey.

HABITAN Ha`bi`tan", n.