Chapter LI: Bella (54)

3. To go beyond; to extend in part beyond; as, one line overruns another in length.

Note: In machinery, a sliding piece is said to overrun its bearing when its forward end goes beyond it.

4. To abuse or oppress, as if by treading upon. None of them the feeble overran. Spenser.

5. (Print.) (a) To carry over, or back, as type, from one line or page into the next after, or next before. (b) To extend the contents of (a line, column, or page) into the next line, column, or page.

OVERRUN O`ver*run", v. i.

1. To run, pass, spread, or flow over or by something; to be beyond, or in excess. Despised and trodden down of all that overran. Spenser.

2. (Print.)

Defn: To extend beyond its due or desired length; as, a line, or advertisement, overruns.

OVERRUNNER O`ver*run"ner, n.

Defn: One that overruns. Lovelace.

OVERSATURATE O`ver*sat"u*rate, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Supersaturate.]

Defn: To saturate to excess.

OVERSAY O`ver*say", v. t.

Defn: To say over; to repeat. Ford.

OVERSCENTED O`ver*scent"ed, a.

1. Scented excessively.

2. Covered or concealed by a different odor. Fuller.

OVERSCRUPULOSITY O`ver*scru`pu*los"i*ty, n.

Defn: Overscrupulousness.

OVERSCRUPULOUS O`ver*scru"pu*lous, a.

Defn: Scrupulous to excess.

OVERSCRUPULOUSNESS O`ver*scru"pu*lous*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being overscrupulous; excess of scrupulousness.

OVERSEA O"ver*sea", a.

Defn: Beyond the sea; foreign.

OVERSEA; OVERSEAS O"ver*sea", O"ver*seas", adv.

Defn: Over the sea; abroad. Milton. Tennyson.

OVERSEARCH O`ver*search", v. t.

Defn: To search all over.

OVERSEASON O`ver*sea"son, v. t.

Defn: To season too highly.

OVERSEE O`ver*see", v. t. [imp. Oversaw; p. p. Overseen; p. pr. & vb. n. Overseeing.] Etym: [AS. oferséon to survey, to despise. See Over, and See.]

1. To superintend; to watch over; to direct; to look or see after; to overlook.

2. To omit or neglect seeing. Spenser.

OVERSEE O`ver*see", v. i.

Defn: To see too or too much; hence, to be deceived. [Obs.] The most expert gamesters may sometimes oversee. Fuller. Your partiality to me is much overseen, if you think me fit to correct your Latin. Walpole.

OVERSEER O`ver*seer", n.

Defn: One who oversees; a superintendent; a supervisor; as, an overseer of a mill; specifically, one or certain public officers; as, an overseer of the poor; an overseer of highways.

OVERSEERSHIP O`ver*seer"ship, n.

Defn: The office of an overseer.

OVERSELL O`ver*sell`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oversold; p. pr. & vb. n. Overselling. ]

1. To sell for a higher price than; to exceed in selling price. One whose beauty Would oversell all Italy. Beau. & Fl.

2. To sell beyond means of delivery. [Brokers'Cant] Oversold market (Brokers' Cant), a market in which stocks or commodities have been sold "short" to such an extent that it is difficult to obtain them for delivery.

OVERSET O`ver*set", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overset; p. pr. & vb. n. Oversetting. ]

1. To turn or tip (anything) over from an upright, or a proper, position so that it lies upon its side or bottom upwards; to upset; as, to overset a chair, a coach, a ship, or a building. Dryden.

2. To cause to fall, or to tail; to subvert; to overthrow; as, to overset a government or a plot. Addison.

3. To fill too full. [Obs.] Howell.

OVERSET O`ver*set", v. i.

Defn: To turn, or to be turned, over; to be upset. Mortimer.

OVERSET O"ver*set`, n.

1. An upsetting; overturn; overthrow; as, the overset of a carriage.

2. An excess; superfluity. [Obs.] "This overset of wealth and pomp. " Bp. Burnel.

OVERSHADE O`ver*shade`, v. t. Etym: [AS. ofersceadwian. See Over, and Shade, and cf. Overshadow.]

Defn: To cover with shade; to render dark or gloomy; to overshadow. Shak.

OVERSHADOW O`ver*shad"ow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshadowed(); p. pr. & vb. n. Overshadowing. ] Etym: [Cf. Overshade. ]

1. To throw a shadow, or shade, over; to darken; to obscure. There was a cloud that overshadowed them. Mark ix. 7.

2. Fig.: To cover with a superior influence. Milton.

OVERSHADOWER O"ver*shad"ow*er, n.

Defn: One that throws a shade, or shadow, over anything. Bacon.

OVERSHADOWY O"ver*shad"ow*y, a.

Defn: Overshadowing. [R.]

OVERSHAKE O`ver*shake", v. t.

Defn: To shake over or away; to drive away; to disperse. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OVERSHINE O`ver*shine", v. t.

1. To shine over or upon; to illumine. Shak.

2. To excel in shining; to outshine. Shak.

OVERSHOE O"ver*shoe`, n.

Defn: A shoe that is worn over another for protection from wet or for extra warmth; esp., an India-rubber shoe; a galoche.

OVERSHOOT O`ver*shoot", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overshot; p. pr. & vb. n. Overshooting.]

1. To shoot over or beyond. "Not to overshoot his game." South.

2. To pass swiftly over; to fly beyond. Hartle.

3. To exceed; as, to overshoot the truth. Cowper. To overshoot one's self, to venture too far; to assert too much.

OVERSHOOT O`ver*shoot", v. i.

Defn: To fly beyond the mark. Collier.

OVERSHOT O"ver*shot`, a.

Defn: From Overshoot, v. t. Overshot wheel, a vertical water wheel, the circumference of which is covered with cavities or buckets, and which is turned by water which shoots over the top of it, filling the buckets on the farther side and acting chiefly by its we'ght.

OVERSIGHT O"ver*sight`, n.

1. Watchful care; superintendence; general supervision.

2. An overlooking; an omission; an error. Hooker.

3. Escape from an overlooked peril. [R.] "His fool-happy oversight." Spenser.

Syn. -- Superintendence; supervision; inspection; overlooking; inadvertence; neglect; mistake; error; omission.

OVERSIZE O`ver*size", v. t.

Defn: To surpass in size.

OVERSIZE O`ver*size", v. t.

Defn: To cover with viscid matter. [R.] O'ersized with coagulate gore. Shak.

OVERSKIP O`ver*skip", v. t.

Defn: To skip or leap over; to treat with indifference. Shak.

OVERSKIRT O"ver*skirt`, n.

Defn: An upper skirt, shorter than the dress, and usually draped.

OVERSLAUGH O"ver*slaugh`, n. Etym: [D. overslag.]

Defn: A bar in a river; as, the overslaugh in the Hudson River. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

OVERSLAUGH O`ver*slaugh", v. t. Etym: [D. overslaan.]

Defn: To hinder or stop, as by an overslaugh or an impediment; as, to overslaugh a bill in a legislative body; to overslaugh a military officer, that is, to hinder his promotion or employment. [Local Cant, U. S.]

OVERSLEEP O`ver*sleep", v. t.

Defn: To sleep beyond; as, to oversleep one's self or one's usual hour of rising.

OVERSLEEP O`ver*sleep", v. i.

Defn: To sleep too long.

OVERSLIDE O`ver*slide", v. t.

Defn: To slide over or by.

OVERSLIP O`ver*slip", v. t.

Defn: To slip or slide over; to pass easily or carelessly beyond; to omit; to neglect; as, to overslip time or opportunity.

OVERSLOP O"ver*slop`, n. Etym: [AS. oferslop.]

Defn: An outer garment, or slop. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OVERSLOW O`ver*slow", v. t.

Defn: To render slow; to check; to curb. [Obs.] Hammond.

OVERSLOW O"ver*slow", a.

Defn: Too slow.

OVERSMAN O"vers*man, n.; pl. Oversmen (.

1. An overseer; a superintendent.

2. (Scots Law)

Defn: An umpire; a third arbiter, appointed when two arbiters, previously selected, disagree.

OVERSNOW O`ver*snow", v. t.

Defn: To cover with snow, or as with snow. [Poetic] Shak. Dryden.

OVERSOON O"ver*soon", adv.

Defn: Too soon. Sir P. Sidney.

OVERSORROW O`ver*sor"row, v. t.

Defn: To grieve or afflict to excess. [Obs.] Milton.

OVERSOUL O"ver*soul`, n.

Defn: The all-containing soul. [R.] That unity, that oversout, within which every man's particular being is contained and made one with all other. Emerson.

OVERSOW O`ver*sow", v. t. Etym: [AS. ofersawan.]

Defn: To sow where something has already been sown. [R.] His enemy came and oversowed cockle among the wheat. Matt. x

OVERSPAN O`ver*span", v. t.

Defn: To reach or extend over.

OVERSPEAK O`ver*speak", v. t. & i. Etym: [AS. ofersprecan.]

Defn: To exceed in speaking; to speak too much; to use too many words.

OVERSPIN O`ver*spin", v. t.

Defn: To spin out to too great length; to protract unduly. W. Cartwright.

OVERSPREAD O`ver*spread", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overspread; p. pr. & vb. n. Overspreading.] Etym: [AS. oferspr.]

Defn: To spread over; to cover; as, the deluge overspread the earth. Chaucer. Those nations of the North Which overspread the world. Drayton.

OVERSPREAD O`ver*spread", v. i.

Defn: To be spread or scattered over.

OVERSPRING O`ver*spring", v. t.

Defn: To spring or leap over.

OVERSTAND O`ver*stand", v. t.

Defn: To stand on the price or conditions of, so as to lose a sale; to lose by an extravagant price or hard conditions. [Obs.] What madman would o'erstand his market twice Dryden.

OVERSTARE O`ver*stare", v. t.

Defn: To outstare. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERSTARE O`ver*stare", v. i.

Defn: To stare wildly. [Obs.] Ascham.

OVERSTATE O`ver*state", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstated; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstating.]

Defn: To state in too strong terms; to exaggerate. Fuller.

OVERSTATEMENT O"ver*state"ment, n.

Defn: An exaggerated statement or account.

OVERSTAY O`ver*stay", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstayed or Overstaid (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstaying.]

Defn: To stay beyond the time or the limits of; as, to overstay the appointed time. Bp. Hall.

OVERSTEP O`ver*step", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstepped; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstepping.] Etym: [AS. ofersteppan.]

Defn: To step over or beyond; to transgress. Shak.

OVERSTOCK O"ver*stock`, n.

Defn: Stock in excess. Tatler.

OVERSTOCK O`ver*stock", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overstocked; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstocking.]

Defn: To fill too full; to supply in excess; as, to overstock a market with goods, or a farm with cattle.

OVERSTORE O`ver*store", v. t.

Defn: To overstock. Sir. M. Hale.

OVER-STORY O`ver-sto`ry, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The clearstory, or upper story, of a building.

OVERSTRAIN O`ver*strain", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Overstrained; p. pr. & vb. n. Overstraining.]

Defn: To strain one's self to excess. Dryden.

OVERSTRAIN O`ver*strain", v. t.

Defn: To stretch or strain too much; as to overstrain one's nerves. Ayliffe.

OVERSTRAITLY O`ver*strait"ly, adv.

Defn: Too straitly or strictly. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh.

OVERSTRAW O`ver*straw", v. t.

Defn: To overstrew. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERSTREW O`ver*strew", v. t.

Defn: To strew or scatter over.

OVERSTRICT O"ver*strict", a.

Defn: Excessively strict.

OVERSTRIDE O`ver*stride", v. t.

Defn: To stride over or beyond.

OVERSTRIKE O`ver*strike", v. t.

Defn: To strike beyond. [Obs.]

OVERSTROW O`ver*strow", v. t.

Defn: See Overstrew.

OVERSTUDIOUS O"ver*stu"di*ous, a.

Defn: Too studious.

OVERSUBTILE O"ver*sub"tile, a.

Defn: Excessively subtile.

OVERSUM O"ver*sum`, n.

Defn: A sum or quantity over; surplus. [Obs.] Holinshed.

OVERSUPPLY O`ver*sup*ply", v. t.

Defn: To supply in excess.

OVERSUPPLY O"ver*sup*ply`, n.

Defn: An excessive supply. A general oversupply or excess of all commodities. J. S. Mill.

OVERSURE O"ver*sure", a.

Defn: Excessively sure.

OVERSWAY O`ver*sway", v. t.

Defn: To bear sway over.

OVERSWELL O`ver*swell", v. t. & i.

Defn: To swell or rise above; to overflow. [R.] Shak.

OVERT O"vert, a. Etym: [OF. overt, F. ouvert, p. p. of OF. ovrir, F. ouvrir, to open, of uncertain origin; cf. It. aprire, OIt. also oprire, L. aperire to open, operire to cover, deoperire to uncover. Perch. from L. aperire influenced by F. couvrir to cover. Cf. Aperient, Cover.]

1. Open to view; public; apparent; manifest. Overt and apparent virtues bring forth praise. Bacon.

2. (Law)

Defn: Not covert; open; public; manifest; as, an overt act of treason. Macaulay. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. Constitution of the U. S.

Note: In criminal law, an overt act is an open done in pursuance and manifestation of a criminal design; the mere design or intent not being punishable without such act. In English law, market overt is an open market; a pound overt is an open, uncovered pound.

OVERTAKE O`ver*take", v. t. [imp. Overtook; p. p. Overtaken; p. pr. & vb. n. Overtaking.]

1. To come up with in a course, pursuit, progress, or motion; to catch up with. Follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say . . . Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good. Gen. xliv. 4. He had him overtaken in his flight. Spenser.

2. To come upon from behind; to discover; to surprise; to capture; to overcome. If a man be overtaken in a fault. Gal. vi. 1 I shall see The winged vengeance overtake such children. Shak.

3. Hence, figuratively, in the past participle (overtaken), drunken. [Obs.] Holland.

OVERTALK O`ver*talk", v. i.

Defn: To talk to excess. Milton.

OVERTASK O`ver*task", v. t.

Defn: To task too heavily.

OVERTAX O`ver*tax", v. t.

Defn: To tax or to task too heavily.

OVERTEDIOUS O`ver*te"di*ous, a.

Defn: Too tedious.

OVERTEMPT O`ver*tempt", v. t.

Defn: To tempt exceedingly, or beyond the power of resistance. Milton.

OVERTHROW O`ver*throw", v. t. [imp. Overthrew; p. p. Overthrown; p. pr. & vb. n. Overthrowing.]

1. To throw over; to overturn; to upset; to turn upside down. His wife overthrew the table. Jer. Taylor.

2. To cause to fall or to fail; to subvert; to defeat; to make a ruin of; to destroy. When the walls of Thebes he overthrew. Dryden. [Gloucester] that seeks to overthrow religion. Shak.

Syn. -- To demolish; overturn; prostrate; destroy; ruin; subvert; overcome; conquer; defeat; discomfit; vanquish; beat; rout.

OVERTHROW O"ver*throw`, n.

1. The act of overthrowing; the state of being overthrow; ruin. Your sudden overthrow much rueth me. Spenser.

2. (a) (Baseball) The act of throwing a ball too high, as over a player's head. (b) (Cricket) A faulty return of the ball by a fielder, so that striker makes an additional run.

OVERTHWART O"ver*thwart", a.

1. Having a transverse position; placed or situated across; hence, opposite. "Our overthwart neighbors." Dryden.

2. Crossing in kind or disposition; perverse; adverse; opposing. "Overthwart humor." Clarendon.

OVERTHWART O"ver*thwart", adv.

Defn: Across; crosswise; transversely. "Y'clenched overthwart and endelong." Chaucer.

OVERTHWART O"ver*thwart", prep.

Defn: Across; from alde to side of. "Huge trees overthwart one another." Milton.

OVERTHWART O"ver*thwart`, n.

Defn: That which is overthwart; an adverse circumstance; opposition. [Obs.] Surrey.

OVERTHWART , v. t.

Defn: To cross; to oppose. [Obs.]

OVERTHWARTLY O`ver*thwart"ly, adv.

Defn: In an overthwart manner;across; also, perversely. [Obs.] Peacham.

OVERTHWARTNESS O"ver*thwart"ness, n.

Defn: The state of being overthwart; perverseness. [Obs.] Lord Herbert.

OVERTILT O`ver*tilt", v. t.

Defn: To tilt over; to overturn.

OVERTIME O"ver*time`, n.

Defn: Time beyond, or in excess of, a limit; esp., extra working time.

OVERTIRE O`ver*tire", v. t.

Defn: To tire to excess; to exhaust.

OVERTIRE O`ver*tire", v. t.

Defn: To become too tired. Br. Hall.

OVERTITLE O`ver*ti"tle, v. t.

Defn: To give too high a title to.

OVERTLY O"vert*ly, adv.

Defn: Publicly; openly.

OVERTOIL O`ver*toil", v. t.

Defn: To overwork.

OVERTOIL O`ver*toil", v. t.

Defn: To weary excessively; to exhaust. Then dozed a while herself, but overtoiled By that day's grief and travel. Tennyson.

OVERTONE O"ver*tone`, n. Etym: [A translation of G. oberton. See Over,Tone.] (Mus.)

Defn: One of the harmonics faintly heard with and above a tone as it dies away, produced by some aliquot portion of the vibrating sting or column of air which yields the fundamental tone; one of the natural harmonic scale of tones, as the octave, twelfth, fifteenth, etc.; an aliquot or "partial" tone; a harmonic. See Harmonic, and Tone. Tyndall.

OVERTOP O`ver*top", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overtopped; p. pr. & vb. n. Overtopping.]

1. To rise above the top of; to exceed in height; to tower above. "To old Pelion." Shak.

2. To go beyond; to transcend; to transgress. If kings presume to overtop the law by which they reign, . . . they are by law to be reduced into order. Milton.

3. To make of less importance, or throw into the background, by superior excellence; to dwarf; to obscure. Becon.

OVERTOWER O`ver*tow"er, v. t.

Defn: To tower over or above.

OVERTOWER O`ver*tow"er, v. i.

Defn: To soar too high. [R.] Fuller.

OVERTRADE O`ver*trade", v. i.

Defn: To trade beyond one's capital; to buy goods beyond the means of paying for or seleng them; to overstock the market.

OVERTRADING O`ver*trad"ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of buying goods beyond the means of payment; a glutting of the market.

OVERTREAD O`ver*tread", v. t. Etym: [AS. oferiredan.]

Defn: To tread over or upon.

OVERTRIP O`ver*trip", v. t.

Defn: To trip over nimbly.

OVERTROUBLED O`ver*trou"bled, a.

Defn: Excessively troubled.

OVERTROW O`ver*trow", v. i.

Defn: To be too trustful or confident; to trust too much. [Obs.] Wyclif

OVERTRUST O"ver*trust`, n.

Defn: Excessive confidence.

OVERTRUST O`ver*trust", v. t. & i.

Defn: To trust too much. Bp. Hall.

OVERTURE O"ver*ture, Etym: [OF. overture, F. ouverture, fr. OF. ovrir, F. ouvrir. See Overt.]

1. An opening or aperture; a recess; a recess; a chamber. [Obs.] Spenser. "The cave's inmost overture." Chapman.

2. Disclosure; discovery; revelation. [Obs.] It was he That made the overture of thy treasons to us. Shak.

3. A proposal; an offer; a proposition formally submitted for consideration, acceptance, or rejection. "The great overture of the gospel." Barrow.

4. (Mus.)

Defn: A composition, for a full orchestra, designed as an introduction to an oratorio, opera, or ballet, or as an independent piece; -- called in the latter case a concert overture.

OVERTURE O"ver*ture, v. t.

Defn: To make an overture to; as, to overture a religious body on some subject.

OVERTURN O`ver*turn", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overturned; p. pr. & vb. n. Overturning.]

1. To turn or throw from a basis, foundation, or position; to overset; as, to overturn a carriage or a building.

2. To subvert; to destroy; to overthrow.

3. To overpower; to conquer. Milton.

Syn. -- To demolish; overthrow. See Demolish.

OVERTURN O"ver*turn`, n.

Defn: The act off overturning, or the state of being overturned or subverted; overthrow; as, an overturn of parties.

OVERTURNABLE O`ver*turn"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being, or liable to be, overturned or subverted.

OVERTURNER O`ver*turn"er, n.

Defn: One who overturns. South.

OVERVAIL O`ver*vail", v. t.

Defn: See Overveil.

OVERVALUATION O"ver*val`u*a"tion, n.

Defn: Excessive valuation; overestimate.

OVERVALUE O`ver*val"ue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overvalued; p. pr. & vb. n. Overvaluing.]

1. To value excessively; to rate at too high a price. "To overvalue human power." Holyday.

2. To exceed in value. [R.] H. Brooke.

OVERVEIL O`ver*veil", v. t.

Defn: To veil or cover. Shak.

OVERVIEW O"ver*view`, n. Etym: [Cf. Survey.]

Defn: An inspection or overlooking. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERVOTE O`ver*vote", v. t.

Defn: To outvote; to outnumber in votes given. [R.] Eikon Basilike.

OVERWALK O`ver*walk", v. t.

Defn: To walk over or upon.

OVERWAR O`ver*war", v. t.

Defn: To defeat. [Obs.] Warner.

OVERWARY O"ver*wa"ry, a.

Defn: Too wary; too cautious.

OVERWASH O`ver*wash", v. t.

Defn: To overflow. Holinshed.

OVERWASTED O`ver*wast"ed, a.

Defn: Wasted or worn out; [Obs.] Drayton.

OVERWATCH O"ver*watch", v. t.

1. To watch too much.

2. To weary or exhaust by watching. Dryden.

OVERWAX O`ver*wax", v. i.

Defn: To wax or grow too rapindly or too much. [Obs.] R. of Gloucester.

OVERWEAK O"ver*weak", a.

Defn: Too weak; too feeble.

OVERWEAR O`ver*wear", v. t.

Defn: To wear too much; to wear out. Drayton.

OVERWEARY O"ver*wea"ry v. t.

Defn: To weary too much; to tire out. Dryden.

OVERWEATHER O`ver*weath"er, v. t.

Defn: To expose too long to the influence of the weather. [Obs.] Shak.

OVERWEEN O`ver*ween", v. t. Etym: [AS. oferw. See Over, and Ween.]

Defn: To think too highly or arrogantly; to regard one's own thinking or conclusions too highly; hence, to egotistic, arrogant, or rash, in opinion; to think conceitedly; to presume. They that overween, And at thy growing virtues fret their spleen. Milton.

OVERWEENER O`ver*ween"er, n.

Defn: One who overweens. [R.] The conceits of warmed or overweening brain. Locke.

OVERWEENING O`ver*ween"ing, a.

Defn: Unduly confident; arrogant; presumptuous; conceited. -- O`ver*ween"ingly, adv. Milton. -- O`ver*ween"ing*ness, n. Here's an overweening rogue. Shak.

OVERWEENING O`ver*ween"ing, n.

Defn: Conceit; arrogance. Milton.

OVERWEIGH O`ver*weigh", v. t.

Defn: To exceed in weight; to overbalance; to weigh down. Drayton. Hooker.

OVERWEIGHT O"ver*weight`, n.

1. Weight over and above what is required by law or custom.

2. Superabundance of weight; preponderance.

OVERWEIGHT O"ver*weight", a.

Defn: Overweighing; excessive. [Obs.] "Of no overweight worth." Fuller.

OVERWELL O`ver*well", v. t.

Defn: To overflow. R. D. Blackmore.

OVERWET O"ver*wet, n.

Defn: Excessive wetness. [Obs.] Another ill accident is, overwet at sowing time. Bacon.

OVERWHELM O`ver*whelm", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overwhelmed; p. pr. & vb. n. Overwhelming.]

1. To cover over completely, as by a great wave; to overflow and bury beneath; to ingulf; hence, figuratively, to immerse and bear down; to overpower; to crush; to bury; to oppress, etc., overpoweringly. The sea overwhelmed their enemies. Ps. lxxviii. 53. Fearfulness and trembling are come upon me, and horror hath overwhelmed me. Ps. lv. 5. Foul deeds will rise, Though all the earth o'erwhelm them. Shak. Gaza yet stands; but all her sons are fallen, All in a moment overwhelmed and fallen. Milton.

2. To project or impend over threateningly. His louering brows o'erwhelming his fair sight. Shak.

3. To cause to surround, to cover. Papin.

OVERWHELM O"ver*whelm`

Defn: , n. The act of overwhelming. [R.]

OVERWHELMING O`ver*whelm"ing, a.

Defn: Overpowering; irresistible. -- O`ver*whelm"ing*ly, adv.

OVERWIND O`ver*wind", v. t.

Defn: To wind too tightly, as a spring, or too far, as a hoisting rope on a drum.

OVERWING O`ver*wing", v. t.

Defn: To outflank. [Obs.] Milton.

OVERWISE O"ver*wise", a.

Defn: Too wise; affectedly wise. -- O`ver*wise"ly, adv. -- O`ver*wise"ness, n.

OVERWIT O`ver*wit", v. t.

Defn: To outwit. Swift.

OVERWORD O`ver*word", v. t.

Defn: To say in too many words; to express verbosely. Hales.

OVERWORK O`ver*work", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Overworked or Overwrought (; p. pr. & vb. n. Overworking.]

1. To work beyond the strength; to cause to labor too much or too long; to tire excessively; as, to overwork a horse.

2. To fill too full of work; to crowd with labor. My days with toil are overwrought. Longfellow.

3. To decorate all over.

OVERWORK O`ver*work", v. t.

Defn: To work too much, or beyond one's strength.

OVERWORK O"ver*work`, n.

Defn: Work in excess of the usual or stipulated time or quantity; extra work; also, excessive labor.

OVERWORN O`ver*worn", p. p. & a. from Overwear, v. t.

Defn: Worn out or subdued by toil; worn out so as to be trite.

OVERWREST O`ver*wrest", v. t.

Defn: To wrest or force from the natural or proper position. Shak.

OVERWRESTLE O`ver*wres"tle, v. t.

Defn: To subdue by wrestling. [Obs.] Spenser.

OVERWROUGHT O`ver*wrought, p. p. & a. from Overwork.

Defn: Wrought upon excessively; overworked; overexcited.

OVERZEAL O"ver*zeal, n.

Defn: Excess of zeal. Fairfax.

OVERZEALOUS O"ver*zeal"ous, a.

Defn: Too zealous.

OVICAPSULE O`vi*cap"sule, n. Etym: [Ovum + capsule.]

1. (Anat)

Defn: The outer layer of a Graafian follicle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Oötheca.

OVICELL O"vi*cell`, n. Etym: [Ovum + cell.] (Zoöl)

Defn: One of the dilatations of the body wall of Bryozoa in which the ova sometimes undegro the first stages of their development. See Illust. of Chilostoma.

OVICULAR O*vic"u*lar, a. Etym: [L. ovum an egg.] (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to an egg.

OVICYST O"vi*cyst, n. Etym: [Ovum + cyst.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The pouch in which incubation takes place in some Tunicata.

OVIDIAN O*vid"i*an, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Latin poet Ovid; resembling the style of Ovid.

OVIDUCAL O`vi*du"cal, a. (Anat.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to oviducts; as, oviducal glands.

OVIDUCT O"vi*duct, n. Etym: [Ovum + duct: cf. F. oviducte.] (Anat.)

Defn: A tube, or duct, for the passage of ova from the ovary to the exterior of the animal or to the part where further development takes place. In mammals the oviducts are also called Fallopian tubes.

OVIFEROUS O*vif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Ovum + -ferous: cf. F. ovifère.] (Biol.)

Defn: Egg-bearing; -- applied particularly to certain receptacles, as in Crustacea, that retain the eggs after they have been excluded from the formative organs, until they are hatched.

OVIFORM O"vi*form, a. Etym: [Ovum + -form: cf. F. oviforme.] (Biol.)

Defn: Having the form or figure of an egg; egg-shaped; as, an oviform leaf.

OVIGERONS O*vig"er*ons, a. Etym: [Ovum + -gerous: cf. F. ovigere.] (Biol.)

Defn: Bearing eggs; oviferous.

OVILE O"vile, a.

Defn: See Ovine.

OVINE O"vine, a. Etym: [L. ovinus, fr. ovis sheep: cf. F. ovine.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sheep; consisting of sheep.

OVIPARA O*vip"a*ra, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Oviparous.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An artifical division of vertebrates, including those that lay eggs; -opposed to Vivipara.

OVIPARITY O`vi*par"i*ty, n. Etym: [See Oviparous.] (Biol.)

Defn: Generatuon by means of ova. See Generation.

OVIPAROUS O*vip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. oviparus; ovum egg + parere to bring forth: cf. F. ovipare.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing young from rggs; as, an oviparous animal, in which the egg is generally separated from the animal, and hatched after exclusion; -- opposed to viviparous.

OVIPOSIT O`vi*pos"it, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Oviposited; p. pr. & vb. n. Ovipositing.] Etym: [See Ovum, and Posit.]

Defn: To lay or deposit eggs; -- said esp. of insects.

OVIPOSIT O`vi*pos"it, v. t.

Defn: To deposit or lay (an egg).

OVIPOSITING; OVIPOSITION O`vi*pos"it*ing, O`vi*po*si"tion, n.

Defn: The depositing of eggs, esp. by insects.

OVIPOSITOR O`vi*pos"i*tor, n. Etym: [L. ovum an egg + positor a placer, fr. ponere to place.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The organ with which many insects and some other animals deposit their eggs. Some ichneumon files have a long ovipositor fitted to pierce the eggs or larvæ of other insects, in order to lay their own eggs within the same.

OVISAC O"vi*sac, n. Etym: [Ovum + sac.] (Anat) (a) A Graafian follicle; any sac containing an ovum or ova. (b) The inner layer of the fibrous wall of a Graafian follicle.

OVISM O"vism, n. [Ovum + -ism.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The old theory that the egg contains the whole embryo of the future organism and the germs of all subsequent offsprings and is merely awakened to activity by the spermatozoön; -- opposed to spermism or animalculism.

OVIST O"vist, n. (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Ovulist.

OVOCOCCUS O`vo*coc"cus, n.; pl. Ovococci. Etym: [Ovum + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: A germinal vesicle.

OVOID; OVOIDAL O"void, O*void"al, a. Etym: [Ovum + -oid: cf. F. ovoïde.]

Defn: Resembling an egg in shape; egg-shaped; ovate; as, an ovoidal apple.

OVOID O"void, n.

Defn: A solid resembling an egg in shape.

OVOLO O"vo*lo, n. Etym: [It. ovolo, uovolo, fr. L. ovum an egg. Cf. Ovule.] (Arch.)

Defn: A round, convex molding. See Illust. of Column.

Note: In Roman work it is usually a quarter circle in section; in Greek work it is flatter, and is equivalent to the echinus; that is, it has in section the elastic curve of the shell of the sea urchin. In mediæval architecture it is not distinguishable from the multitude of convex moldings, of all sections, which are used.

OVOLOGY O*vol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Ovum + -logy. Cf. F. ovologie.]

Defn: That branch of natural history which treats of the origin and functions of eggs.

OVOPLASMA O`vo*plas"ma, n. Etym: [Ovum + plasma.] (Boil.)

Defn: Yolk; egg yolk. Haeckel.

OVOTESTTIS O`vo*test"tis, n. Etym: [NL. See Ovum, and Testis.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An organ which produces both ova and spermatozoids; an hermaphrodite gland.

OVOVIVIPAROUS O*vo*vi*vip"a*rous, a. Etym: [Ovum + viviparous: cf. F. ovovivipare.] (Biol.)

Defn: Oviparous, but hatching the egg while it is within the body, as some fishes and reptiles.

OVULAR O"vu*lar, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Relating or belonging to an ovule; as, an ovular growth.

OVULARY O"vu*la*ry, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to ovules.

OVULATE O"vu*late, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Containing an ovule or ovules.

OVULATION O`vu*la"tion, n. (Phisiol.)

Defn: The formation of ova or eggs in the ovary, and the discharge of the same. In the mammalian female the discharge occurs during menstruation.

OVULE O"vule, n. Etym: [Dim. of L. ovum an egg: cf. F. ovule. Cf. Ovolo, Ovulum.] (Biol.) (a) The rudiment of a seed. It grows from a placenta, and consists of a soft nucleus within two delicate coatings. The attached base of the ovule is the hilum, the coatings are united with the nucleus at the chalaza, and their minute orifice is the foramen. (b) An ovum.

OVULIFEROUS O`vu*lif"er*ous, a. Etym: [Ovule + -ferous.] (biol.)

Defn: Producing ovules.

OVULIST O"vu*list n. (Biol.)

Defn: A believer in the theory (called encasement theory), current during the last century, that the egg was the real animal germ, and that at the time of fecundation the spermatozoa simply gave the impetus which caused the unfolding of the egg, in which all generations were inclosed one within the other. Also called ovist.

OVULITE O"vu*lite, n. Etym: [Ovum + -lite.]

Defn: A fossil egg.

OVULUM O"vu*lum, n.; pl. Ovula. Etym: [NL. See Ovule.] (Biol.)

Defn: An ovule.

OVUM O"vum, n.; pl. L. Ova, E. Ovums. Etym: [L., an egg. See Oval.]

1. (Biol.)

Defn: A more or less spherical and transparent mass of granular protoplasm, which by a process of multiplication and growth develops into a mass of cells, constituting a new individual like the parent; an egg, spore, germ, or germ cell. See Illust. of Mycropyle.

Note: The ovum is a typical cell, with a cell wall, cell substance, nucleus, and nucleolus. In man and the higher animals the cell wall, a vertically striated membrane, is called the zona pellucida; the cell contents, the vitellus; the nucleus, the germinal vesicle; and the nucleolus, the germinal spot. The diameter of the ripe ovum in man and the domestic animals varies between 1-200 and 1-120 of an inch.

2. (Arch.)

Defn: One of the series of egg-shaped ornaments into which the ovolo is often carved. Gwilt.

OWCH Owch, n.

Defn: See Ouch. [Obs.] Speser.

OWE Owe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owed, (Ought ( obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Owing.] Etym: [OE. owen, awen,aghen, to have, own, have (to do), hence, owe, AS. agan to have; akin to G. eigen, a., own, Icel. eiga to have, Dan. eie, Sw. äga, Goth. áigan, Skr. Ought, v., 2d Own, Fraught.]

1. To possess; to have, as the rightful owner; to own. [Obs.] Thou dost here usurp The name thou ow'st not. Shak.

2. To have or possess, as something derived or bestowed; to be obliged to ascribe (something to some source); to be indebted or obliged for; as, he owed his wealth to his father; he owed his victoty to his lieutenants. Milton. O deem thy fall not owed to man's decree. Pope.

3. Hence: To have or be under an obigation to restore, pay, or render (something) in return or compensation for something received; to be indebted in the sum of; as, the subject owes allegiance; the fortunate owe assistance to the unfortunate. The one ought five hundred pence, and the other fifty. Bible (1551). A son owes help and honor to his father. Holyday.

Note: Owe was sometimes followed by an objective clause introduced by the infinitive. "Ye owen to incline and bow your heart." Chaucer.

4. To have an obligation to (some one) on account of something done or received; to be indebted to; as, to iwe the grocer for supplies, or a laborer for services.

OWEL Ow"el, a. Etym: [OF. oel, owel, iwel,ivel, F. égal, fr. L. aequalis.] (Law)

Defn: Equal. [Obs.] Burrill.

OWELTY Ow"el*ty, n. Etym: [OF. oelté, ivelté.] (Law)

Defn: Equality; -- sometimes written ovelty and ovealty. Burrill.

OWEN Ow"en, a.Etym: [See Own.]

Defn: Own. [Obs.] Chaucer.

OWENITE Ow"en*ite, n.

Defn: A follower of Robert Owen, who tried to reorganize society on a socialistic basis, and established an industrial community on the Clyde, Scotland, and, later, a similar one in Indiana.

OWHER O"wher, adv. Etym: [AS. ahwær.]

Defn: Anywhere. [Obs.] "If he found owher a good fellow." Chaucer.

OWING Ow`ing, P. p. & a. Etym: [Used in a passive sense for owed (AS. agen. See Own).]

1. Had or held under obligation of paying; due. There is more owing her than is paid. Shak.

2. Had or experienced as a consequence, result, issue, etc.; ascribable; -- with to; as, misfortunes are often owing to vices; his failure was owing to speculations.

OWL Owl, n. Etym: [AS. ; akin to D. uil, OHG. , G. eule, Icel. ugla, Sw. ugla, Dan. ugle.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any cpecies of raptorial birds of the family Strigidæ. They have large eyes and ears, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye. They are mostly nocturnal in their habits.

Note: Some species have erectile tufts of feathers on the head. The feathers are soft and somewhat downy. The species are numerous. See Barn owl, Burrowing owl, Eared owl, Hawk owl, Horned owl, Screech owl, Snowy owl, under BarnBurrowing, etc.

Note: In the Scriptures the owl is commonly associated with desolation; poets and story-tellers introduce it as a bird of ill omen. . . . The Greeks and Romans made it the emblem of wisdom, and sacred to Minerva, -- and indeed its large head and solemn eyes give it an air of wisdom. Am. Cyc.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A variety of the domestic pigeon. Owl monkey (Zoöl.), any one of several species of South American nocturnal monkeys of the genus Nyctipithecus. They have very large eyes. Called also durukuli. -- Owl moth ( (Zoöl.), a very large moth (Erebus strix). The expanse of its wings is over ten inches. -- Owl parrot (Zoöl.), the kakapo. -- Sea owl (Zoöl.), the lumpfish. -- Owl train, a cant name for certain railway trains whose run is in the nighttime.

OWL Owl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Owled; p. pr. & vb. n. Owling.]

1. To pry about; to prowl. [Prov. Eng.]

2. To carry wool or sheep out of England. [Obs.]

Note: This was formerly illegal, and was done chiefly by night.

3. Hence, to carry on any contraband trade. [Eng.]

OWLER Owl"er, n. Etym: [From Owl, v. i.]

Defn: One who owls; esp., one who conveys contraband goods. See Owling, n. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown.

OWLERY Owl"er*y, n.; pl. Owleries (.

Defn: An abode or a haunt of owls.

OWLET Owl"et, n. Etym: [Dim. of owl. Cf. Howlet.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small owl; especially, the European species (Athene noctua), and the California flammulated owlet (Megascops flammeolus). Owlet moth (Zoöl.), any noctuid moth.

OWL-EYED Owl"-eyed`, a.

Defn: Having eyes like an owl's.

OWLING Owl"ing, n. Etym: [From Owl, v. i.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: The offense of transporting wool or sheep out of England contrary to the statute formerly existing. Blackstone.

OWLISH Owl"ish, a.

Defn: Resembling, or characteristic of, an owl.

OWLISM Owl"ism, n.

Defn: Affected wisdom; pompous dellness. [R.]

OWLLIGHT Owl"light`, n.

Defn: Glimmering or imperfect [R.] Bp. Warburton.

OWN Own, v. t. Etym: [OE. unnen to grant, permit, be pleased with, AS. unnan to grant; akin to OS. giunnan, G. gönnen, Icel. unna; of uncertain origin. This word has been confused with own to possess.]

Defn: To grant; to acknowledge; to admit to be true; to confess; to recognize in a particular character; as, we own that we have forfeited your love. The wakeful bloodhound rose, and shook his hide owns. Keats.

OWN Own, a. Etym: [OE. owen, awen, auen, aughen, AS. agen, p. p. of agan to possess; akin to OS. egan, G. & D. eigen, Icel. eiginn, Sw. & Dan. egen. sq. root110. See Owe.]

Defn: Belonging to; belonging exclusively or especially to; peculiar; -- most frequently following a possessive pronoun, as my, our, thy, your, his, her, its, their, in order to emphasize or intensify the idea of property, peculiar interest, or exclusive ownership; as, my own father; my own composition; my own idea; at my own price. "No man was his own [i. e., no man was master of himself, or in possession of his senses]." Shak. To hold one's own, to keep or maintain one's possessions; to yield nothing; esp., to suffer no loss or disadvantage in a contest. Shak.

OWN Own, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Owned; p. pr. & vb. n. Owning.] Etym: [OE. ohnien, ahnien, AS. agnian, fr. agen own, a. See Own, a.]

Defn: To hold as property; to have a legal or rightful title to; to be the proprietor or possessor of; to possess; as, to own a house.

OWNER Own"er, n.

Defn: One who owns; a rightful proprietor; one who has the legal or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not. Shak.

OWNERLESS Own"er*less, a.

Defn: Without an owner.

OWNERSHIP Own"er*ship, n.

Defn: The state of being an owner; the right to own; exclusive right of possession; legal or just claim or title; proprietorship.

OWRE Owre, n. Etym: [AS. r; akin to G. auerochs, OHG. , ohso, Icel. .] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The aurohs. [Obs.]

OWSE; OWSER Owse, Ow"ser, n.

Defn: Tanner's ooze. See Ooze, 3.

OX Ox, n.; pl. Oxen. Etym: [AS. oxa; akin to D. os. G. ochs, ochse, OHG. ohso, Icel. oxi, Sw. & Dan. oxe, Goth. aúhsa, Skr. ukshan ox, bull; cf. Skr. uksh to sprinkle. Humid, Aurochs.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The male of bovine quadrupeds, especially the domestic animal when castrated and grown to its full size, or nearly so. The word is also applied, as a general name, to any species of bovine animals, male and female. All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field. Ps. viii. 7.

Note: The castrated male is called a steer until it attains its full growth, and then, an ox; but if castrated somewhat late in life, it is called a stag. The male, not castrated, is called a bull. These distinctions are well established in regard to domestic animals of this genus. When wild animals of this kind are spoken of, ox is often applied both to the male and the female. The name ox is never applied to the individual cow, or female, of the domestic kind. Oxen may comprehend both the male and the female. Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the yak. -- Indian ox (Zoöl.), the zebu. -- Javan ox (Zoöl.), the banteng. -- Musk ox. (Zoöl.) See under Musk. -- Ox bile. See Ox gall, below. -- Ox gall, the fresh gall of the domestic ox; -- used in the arts and in medicine. -- Ox pith, ox marrow. [Obs.] Marston. -- Ox ray (Zoöl.), a very large ray (Dicerobatis Giornæ) of Southern Europe. It has a hornlike organ projecting forward from each pectoral fin. It sometimes becomes twenty feet long and twenty-eight feet broad, and weighs over a ton. Called also sea devil. -- To have the black ox tread on one's foot, to be unfortunate; to know what sorrow is (because black oxen were sacrificed to Pluto). Leigh Hunt.

OXACID Ox`ac"id, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Oxyacid.

OXALAN Ox"a*lan, n. Etym: [From Alloxan, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.)

Defn: A complex nitrogenous substance C3N3H5O3 obtained from alloxan (or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a stable white crystalline powder; -- called also oxaluramide.

OXALANTIN Ox`a*lan"tin, n. Etym: [From Alloxantin, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C6H4N4O5) obtained by the reduction of parabanic acid; -- called also leucoturic acid.

OXALATE Ox"a*late, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oxalate. See Oxalic.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxalic acid.

OXALDEHYDE Ox*al"de*hyde, n. Etym: [Oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Glyoxal.

OXALETHYLINE Ox`al*eth"yl*ine, n. Etym: [Oxalic + ethyl + -ine.]

Defn: A poisonous nitrogenous base (C6H10N2) obtained indirectly from oxamide as a thick transparent oil which has a strong narcotic odor, and a physiological action resembling that of atropine. It is probably related to pyridine.

OXALIC Ox*al"ic, a. Etym: [From Oxalis: cf. F. oxalique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, sorrel, or oxalis; specifically, designating an acid found in, and characteristic of, oxalis, and also certain plant of the Buckwheat family. Oxalic acid (Chem.), a dibasic acid, existing combined in oxalis as an acid potassium oxalate, and in many plant tissues as the calcium oxalate. It is prepared on a large scale, by the action of fused caustic soda or potash on sawdust, as a white crystalline substance, which has a strong acid taste, and is poisonous in large doses. It is used in dyeing, calico printing, bleaching flax and straw, the preparation of formic acid, and in salts of lemon for removing ink stains, mold, etc.

OXALINE Ox"a*line, n. Etym: [Glyoxal + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: See Glyoxaline.

OXALIS Ox"a*lis, n. Etym: [L., a kind of sorrel, Gr. (Bot.)

Defn: A genus of plants,mostly herbs, with acid-tasting trifoliolate or multifoliolate leaves; -- called also wood sorrel.

OXALITE Ox"a*lite, n. (Min.)

Defn: A yellow mineral consisting of oxalate of iron.

OXALURAMIDE Ox`a*lur*am"ide, n. Etym: [Oxaluric + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Oxalan.

OXALURATE Ox`a*lur"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxaluric acid.

OXALURIC Ox`a*lur"ic, a. Etym: [Oxalyl + urea.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid related to the ureids, and obtained from parabanic acid as a white silky crystalline substance.

OXALYL Ox"a*lyl, n. Etym: [Oxalic + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A hydrocarbon radical (C2O2) regarded as a residue of oxalic acid and occurring in derivatives of it. (b) An old name for carbonyl. (c) An old name for carboxyl.

OXAMATE Ox*am"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxamic acid.

OXAMETHANE Ox`a*meth"ane, n. Etym: [Oxamic + ethyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Ethyl oxamate, obtained as a white scaly crystalline powder.

OXAMETHYLANE Ox`a*meth"yl*ane, n. Etym: [Oxamic + methyl.] (Chem.)

Defn: Methyl oxamate, obtained as a pearly white crystalline substance.

OXAMIC Ox*am"ic, a. Etym: [Oxalic + amido] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, an acid NH2.C2O2.HO obtained as a fine crystalline powder, intermediate between oxalic acid and oxamide. Its ammonium salt is obtained by boiling oxamide with ammonia.

OXAMIDE Ox*am"ide, n, Etym: [Oxalic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline neutral substance (C2O2(NH2)2) obtained by treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide of oxalic acid. Formerly called also oxalamide.

OXAMIDINE Ox*am"i*dine, n. Etym: [Oxygen + amido + -ine.] (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of bases containing the amido and the isonitroso groups united to the same carbon atom.

OXANILAMIDE; OXANILLAMIDE Ox`a*nil*am"ide, Ox`a*nill*am"ide, n. Etym: [Oxanilic + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly by the action of cyanogen on aniline, and regarded as an anilide of oxamic acid; -- called also phenyl oxamide.

OXANILATE Ox*an"i*late, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxanilic acid.

OXANILIC Ox`an*il"ic, a. Etym: [Oxalic + aniline.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, oxalic acid and aniline; -- used to designate an acid obtained in white crystalline scales by heating these substances together.

OXANILIDE Ox*an"i*lide, n. Etym: [Oxalic + aniline + amide.] (Chem.)

Defn: a white crystalline substance, resembling oxanilamide, obtained by heating aniline oxalate, and regarded as a double anilide of oxalic acid; -- called also diphenyl oxamide.

OXBANE Ox"bane`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A poisonous bulbous plant (Buphane toxicaria) of the Cape of Good Hope.

OXBIRD Ox"bird`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The sanderling. (c) An African weaver bird (Textor alector).

OXBITER Ox"bit`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The cow blackbird. [Local, U. S.]

OXBOW Ox"bow`, n.

Defn: A frame of wood, bent into the shape of the letter U, and embracing an ox's neck as a kind of collar, the upper ends passing through the bar of the yoke; also, anything so shaped, as a bend in a river.

OXEYE Ox"eye`, n. Etym: [Ox + eye.]

1. (Bot.) (a) The oxeye daisy. See under Daisy. (b) The corn camomile (Anthemis arvensis). (c) A genus of composite plants (Buphthalmum) with large yellow flowers.

2. (Zoöl.) (a) A titmouse, especially the great titmouse (Parus major) and the blue titmouse (P. coeruleus). [Prov. Eng.] (b) The dunlin. (c) A fish; the bogue, or box. Creeping oxeye (Bot.) a West Indian composite plant (Wedelia carnosa). -- Seaside oxeye (Bot.), a West Indian composite shrub (Borrichia arborescens).

OXEYED Ox"*eyed`, a.

Defn: Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox. Burton.

OXFLY Ox"fly`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gadfly of cattle.

OXFORD Ox"ford, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the city or university of Oxford, England. Oxford movement. See Tractarianism. -- Oxford School, a name given to those members of the Church of England who adopted the theology of the so-called Oxford "Tracts for the Times," issued the period 1833 -- 1841. Shipley. -- Oxford tie, a kind of shoe, laced on the instep, and usually covering the foot nearly to the ankle.

OXGANG Ox"gang`, n. Etym: [Ox + gang, n., 1.] (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: See Bovate.

OXGOAD Ox"goad`, n.

Defn: A goad for driving oxen.

OXHEAD Ox"head`, n. Etym: [Cf. Hogshead.]

Defn: Literally, the head of an ox (emblem of cuckoldom); hence, a dolt; a blockhead. Dost make a mummer of me, oxhead Marston.

OXHEAL Ox"heal`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Bear's-foot.

OXHEART Ox"heart`, n.

Defn: A large heart-shaped cherry, either black, red, or white.

OXHIDE Ox"hide`, n.

1. The skin of an ox, or leather made from it.

2. (O. Eng. Law)

Defn: A measure of land. See 3d Hide.

OXID Ox"id, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Oxide.

OXIDABILITY Ox`i*da*bil"i*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oxydabilité.]

Defn: Capability of being converted into an oxide.

OXIDABLE Ox"i*da*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. oxydable.]

Defn: Capable of being converted into an oxide.

OXIDATE Ox"i*date, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidated; p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidating.] Etym: [Cf. f. oxyder. See Oxide.] (Chem.)

Defn: To oxidize. [Obs.]

OXIDATION Ox`i*da"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oxidation.] (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of being oxidized.

OXIDATOR Ox"i*da`tor, n.

1. An oxidizer. [Obs.]

2. A contrivance for causing a current of air to impinge on the flame of the Argand lamp; -- called also oxygenator.

OXIDE Ox"ide, n. Etym: [F. oxygène oxigen + acide acid: cf. F. oxyde. The French word was correctly spelt oxide, till about the year 1840, when, in ignorance or forgetfulness of the true history and composition of the word, the orthography was change to make it represent the u of Gr. 'oxy`s, from which it was supposed to be directly derived.] (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a compound which is regarded as binary; as, iron oxide, ethyl oxide, nitrogen oxide, etc.

Note: In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide) properties, as contrasted with the acid, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. The orthography oxyde, oxyd, etc., was afterwards introduced in ignorance or disregard of the true etymology, but these forms are now obsolete in English. The spelling oxid is not common.

OXIDIZABLE Ox"i*di`za*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of being oxidized.

OXIDIZE Ox"i*dize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxidized; p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent. Specifically: (a) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as, to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid. (b) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde. (c) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic compound; as, to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride.

Note: In certain cases to oxidize is identical with to acidify; for, in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc., pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically in the acid state.

OXIDIZEMENT Ox"i*dize`ment, n.

Defn: Oxidation. [R.]

OXIDIZER Ox"i*di`zer, n. (Chem.)

Defn: An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings about combination with oxygen; as, nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, etc., are strong oxidizers.

OXIDULATED Ox*id"u*la`ted, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Existing in the state of a protoxide; -- said of an oxide. [R.]

OXIME Ox"ime, n. (Chem.)

Defn: One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones.

OXINDOL Ox*in"dol, n. Etym: [Oxygen + indol.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C8H7NO) of the indol group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. It is a so-called lactam compound.

OXIODIC Ox`i*od"ic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + iodic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of iodine and oxygen.

OXLIKE Ox"like, a.

Defn: Characteristic of, or like, an ox.

OXLIP Ox"lip`, n. Etym: [AS. oxanslyppe. See Ox, and Cowslip.] (Bot.)

Defn: The great cowslip (Primula veris, var. elatior).

OXONATE Ox"o*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of oxonic acid.

OXONIAN Ox*o"ni*an, a.

Defn: Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford, England. Macaulay.

OXONIAN Ox*o"ni*an, n.

Defn: A student or graduate of Oxford University, in England.

OXONIC Ox*on"ic, a. Etym: [Prob. glyoxalic + carbonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid (C4H5N3O4) not known in the free state, but obtained, in combination with its salts, by a slow oxidation of uric acid, to which it is related.

OXPECKER Ox"peck`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An African bird of the genus Buphaga; the beefeater.

OXSHOE Ox"shoe`, n.

Defn: A shoe for oxen, consisting of a flat piece of iron nailed to the hoof.

OXTER Ox"ter, n. Etym: [AS. ohsta.]

Defn: The armpit; also, the arm. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

OXTONGUE Ox"tongue`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A name given to several plants, from the shape and roughness of their leaves; as, Anchusa officinalis, a kind of bugloss, and Helminthia echioides, both European herbs.

OXY- Ox"y-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix, also used adjectively, designating: (a) A compound containing oxygen. (b) A compound containing the hydroxyl group, more properly designated by hydroxy-. See Hydroxy-. Oxy acid. See Oxyacid (below).

OXYACETIC Ox`y*a*ce"tic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + acetic.]

Defn: Hydroxyacetic; designating an acid called also glycolic acid.

OXYACID Ox`y*ac"id, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid containing oxygen, as chloric acid or sulphuric acid; - - contrasted with the hydracids, which contain no oxygen, as hydrochloric acid. See Acid, and Hydroxy-.

OXYAMMONIA Ox`y*am*mo"ni*a, n. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + ammonia.] (Chem.)

Defn: Same as Hydroxylamine.

OXYBENZENE Ox`y*ben"zene, n. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + benzene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxy benzene. Same as Phenol.

OXYBENZOIC Ox`y*ben*zo"ic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + benzoic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxybenzoic; pertaining to, or designating, any one of several hydroxyl derivatives of benzonic acid, of which the commonest is salicylic acid.

OXYBROMIC Ox`y*bro"mic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + bromic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of oxygen and bromine.

OXYBUTYRIC Ox`y*bu*tyr"ic, a. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + butyric.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxybutyric; designating any one of a group of metameric acids (C3H6.OH.CO2H).

OXYCALCIUM Ox`y*cal"ci*um, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + calcium.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to oxygen and calcium; as, the oxycalcium light. See Drummond light.

OXYCAPROIC Ox`y*ca*pro"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: See Leucic.

OXYCHLORIC Ox`y*chlo"ric, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + chloric.] (Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or designating in general, certain compounds containing oxygen and chlorine. (b) Formerly designating an acid now called perchloric acid. See Perchloric.

OXYCHLORIDE Ox`y*chlo"ride, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + chloride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; as, plumbic oxychloride.

OXYCRATE Ox"y*crate, n. Etym: [Gr. oxycrat.] (med.)

Defn: A Mixture of water and vinegar. Wiseman.

OXYCYMENE Ox`y*cy"mene, n. Etym: [Oxy- (b) + cymene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hydroxy cymene. Same as Carvacrol.

OXYGEN Ox"y*gen n. Etym: [F. oxygène, from Gr. acid.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96.

Note: It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called oxidation, of which combustion is only an intense modification. At ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate. This element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc.), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature.

2. Chlorine used in bleaching. [Manufacturing name]

OXYGENATE Ox"y*gen*ate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenated; p. pr. & vb. n. Oxygenating.] Etym: [Cf. F. oxygéner.] (Chem.)

Defn: To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; as, oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide).

OXYGENATION Ox`y*gen*a"tion, n. Etym: [Cf. F. oxygénation.] (Chem.)

Defn: The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen; oxidation.

OXYGENATOR Ox"y*gen*a`tor, n.

Defn: An oxidizer.

OXYGENIC Ox`y*gen"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing oxygen.

OXYGENIUM Ox`y*ge"ni*um, n. Etym: [NL.] (Chem.)

Defn: The technical name of oxygen. [R.]

OXYGENIZABLE Ox"y*gen*i"za*ble, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Oxidizable.

OXYGENIZE Ox"y*gen*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenized; p pr. & vb. n. Oxygenizing.] (Chem.)

Defn: To oxidize.

OXYGENIZEMENT Ox"y*gen*ize`ment, n.

Defn: Oxidation.

OXYGENOUS Ox*yg"e*nous, a.

Defn: Oxygenic.

OXYGON Ox"y*gon, n. Etym: [Gr. oxygone.] (Geom.)

Defn: A triangle having three acute angles.

OXYGONAL; OXYGONIAL Ox*yg"o*nal, Ox`y*go"ni*al, a.

Defn: Having acute angles. Barlow.

OXYHAEMACYANIN; OXYHAEMOCYANIN Ox`Y*hæm`a*cy"a*nin, Ox`y*hæm`o*cy"a*nin, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + hæmacyanin, hæmocyanin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Hæmacyanin.

OXYHAEMOGLOBIN; OXYHEMOGLOBIN Ox`y*hæm`o*glo"bin, Ox`y*hem`o*glo"bin, n. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + hæmoglobin, hemoglobin.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: See Hemoglobin.

OXYHYDROGEN Ox`y*hy"dro*gen, a. Etym: [Oxy- (a) + hydrogen.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen; as, oxyhydrogen gas. Oxyhydrogen blowpipe. (Chem.) See Blowpipe. -- Oxyhydrogen microscope, a form of microscope arranged so as to use the light produced by burning lime or limestone under a current of oxyhydrogen gas.

OXYHYDROGEN LIGHT Oxyhydrogen light.