Chapter CCXIII: Foreword: Fore"word`, n (34)

Defn: Feeding on horseflesh; -- said of certain nomadic tribes, as the Tartars.

HIPPOPHAGY Hip*poph"a*gy, n. Etym: [Cf. F. hippophagie.]

Defn: The act or practice of feeding on horseflesh.

HIPPOPHILE Hip"po*phile, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One who loves horses. Holmes.

HIPPOPOTAMUS Hip`po*pot"a*mus, n.; pl. E. Hippopotamuses, L. Hippopotami. Etym: [L., from Gr.Equine.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, amphibious, herbivorous mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius), common in the rivers of Africa. It is allied to the hogs, and has a very thick, naked skin, a thick and square head, a very large muzzle, small eyes and ears, thick and heavy body, and short legs. It is supposed to be the behemoth of the Bible. Called also zeekoe, and river horse. A smaller species (H. Liberiencis) inhabits Western Africa.

HIPPOTOMY Hip*pot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. hippotomie.]

Defn: Anatomy of the horse.

HIPPURIC Hip*pu"ric, a. Etym: [Gr. hippurique.] (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: Obtained from the urine of horses; as, hippuric acid. Hippuric acid, a white crystalline substance, containing nitrogen, present in the urine of herbivorous animals, and in small quantity in human urine. By the action of acids, it is decomposed into benzoic acid and glycocoll.

HIPPURITE Hip"pu*rite, n. Etym: [Gr. hippurite.] (Paleon.)

Defn: A fossil bivalve mollusk of the genus Hippurites, of many species, having a conical, cup-shaped under valve, with a flattish upper valve or lid. Hippurites are found only in the Cretaceous rocks.

HIP-ROOFED Hip"-roofed`, a.

Defn: Having a hip roof.

HIPSHOT Hip"shot`, a. Etym: [Hip + shot.]

Defn: Having the hip dislocated; hence, having one hip lower than the other. L'Estrange.

HIP TREE Hip" tree`. (Bot.)

Defn: The dog-rose.

HIR Hir, pron. [Obs.]

Defn: See Here, pron. Chaucer.

HIRCIC Hir"cic, a. Etym: [Cf. F. hircique. See Hircin.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or derived from, mutton suet; -- applied by Chevreul to an oily acid which was obtained from mutton suet, and to which he attributed the peculiar taste and smell of that substance. The substance has also been called hircin. Watts.

HIRCIN Hir"cin, n. Etym: [L. hircus, he-goat, buck: cf. F. hircine.] (Chem.)

Defn: Hircic acid. See Hircic. [R.]

HIRCINE; HIRCINOUS Hir"cine, Hir"ci*nous, a. Etym: [L. hircinus, fr. hircus hegoat: cf. F. hircin.]

1. Goatlike; of or pertaining to a goat or the goats.

2. Of a strong goatish smell.

HIRE Hire, pron. [Obs.]

Defn: See Here, pron. Chaucer.

HIRE Hire, n. Etym: [OE. hire, hure, AS. h; akin to D.huur, G. heuer, Dan. hyre, Sw. hyra.]

1. The price; reward, or compensation paid, or contracted to be paid, for the temporary use of a thing or a place, for personal service, or for labor; wages; rent; pay. The laborer is worthy of his hire. Luke x. 7.

2. (Law.)

Defn: A bailment by which the use of a thing, or the services and labor of a person, are contracted for at a certain price or reward. Story.

Syn. -- Wages; salary; stipend; allowance; pay.

HIRE Hire, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hired; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiring.] Etym: [OE. hiren, huren, AS. h; akin to D. huren, G. heuern, Dan. hyre, Sw. hyra. See Hire, n.]

1. To procure (any chattel or estate) from another person, for temporary use, for a compensation or equivalent; to purchase the use or enjoyment of for a limited time; as, to hire a farm for a year; to hire money.

2. To engage or purchase the service, labor, or interest of (any one) for a specific purpose, by payment of wages; as, to hire a servant, an agent, or an advocate.

3. To grant the temporary use of, for compensation; to engage to give the service of, for a price; to let; to lease; -- now usually with out, and often reflexively; as, he has hired out his horse, or his time. They . . . have hired out themselves for bread. 1 Sam. ii. 5.

HIRELESS Hire"less, a.

Defn: Without hire. Davenant.

HIRELING Hire"ling, n. Etym: [AS. h. See Hire, n., and -ling.]

Defn: One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary. "Lewd hirelings." Milton.

HIRELING Hire"ling, a.

Defn: Serving for hire or wages; venal; mercenary. "Hireling mourners." Dryden.

HIRE PURCHASE; HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENT; HIRE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENT Hire purchase, or, more fully, Hire purchase agreement, or Hire and purchase agreement. (Law)

Defn: A contract (more fully called contract of hire with an option of purchase) in which a person hires goods for a specified period and at a fixed rent, with the added condition that if he shall retain the goods for the full period and pay all the installments of rent as they become due the contract shall determine and the title vest absolutely in him, and that if he chooses he may at any time during the term surrender the goods and be quit of any liability for future installments upon the contract. In the United States such a contract is generally treated as a conditional sale, and the term hire purchase is also sometimes applied to a contract in which the hirer is not free to avoid future liability by surrender of the goods. In England, however, if the hirer does not have this right the contract is a sale.

HIRER Hir"er, n.

Defn: One who hires.

HIRES; HIRS Hires, Hirs, pron.

Defn: Hers; theirs. See Here, pron. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIRSUTE Hir*sute", a. Etym: [L. hirsutus; prob. akin to horridus horrid. Cf. Horrid.]

1. Rough with hair; set with bristles; shaggy.

2. Rough and coarse; boorish. [R.] Cynical and hirsute in his behavior. Life of A. Wood.

3. (Bot.)

Defn: Pubescent with coarse or stiff hairs. Gray.

4. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Covered with hairlike feathers, as the feet of certain birds.

HIRSUTENESS Hir*sute"ness, n.

Defn: Hairiness. Burton.

HIRTELLOUS Hir*tel"lous, a. Etym: [Dim., fr. L. hirtus hairy.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Pubescent with minute and somewhat rigid hairs.

HIRUDINE Hi*ru"dine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to the leeches.

HIRUDINEA Hir`u*din"e*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL., fr. L. hirudo, hirudinis, a leech.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: An order of Annelida, including the leeches; -- called also Hirudinei.

HIRUDO Hi*ru"do, n. Etym: [L., a leech.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of leeches, including the common medicinal leech. See Leech.

HIRUNDINE Hi*run"dine, a. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Like or pertaining to the swallows.

HIRUNDO Hi*run"do, n. Etym: [L., swallow.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of birds including the swallows and martins.

HIS His, pron. Etym: [AS. his of him, his, gen. masc. & neut. of h, neut. hit. See He.]

1. Belonging or pertaining to him; -- used as a pronominal adjective or adjective pronoun; as, tell John his papers are ready; formerly used also for its, but this use is now obsolete. No comfortable star did lend his light. Shak. Who can impress the forest, bid the tree Unfix his earth-bound root Shak.

Note: Also formerly used in connection with a noun simply as a sign of the possessive. "The king his son." Shak. "By young Telemachus his blooming years." Pope. This his is probably a corruption of the old possessive ending -is or -es, which, being written as a separate word, was at length confounded with the pronoun his.

2. The possessive of he; as, the book is his. "The sea is his, and he made it." Ps. xcv. 5.

HISINGERITE His"ing*er*ite, n. Etym: [Named after W. Hisinger, a Swedish mineralogist.] (Min.)

Defn: A soft black, iron ore, nearly earthy, a hydrous silicate of iron.

HISPANIC His*pan"ic, a. Etym: [L. Hispanicus.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to Spain or its language; as, Hispanic words.

HISPANICISM His*pan"i*cism, n.

Defn: A Spanish idiom or mode of speech. Keightley.

HISPANICIZE His*pan"i*cize, v. t.

Defn: To give a Spanish form or character to; as, to Hispanicize Latin words.

HISPID His"pid, a. Etym: [L. hispidus: cf. F. hispide.]

1. Rough with bristles or minute spines.

2. (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Beset with stiff hairs or bristles.

HISPIDULOUS His*pid"u*lous, a. Etym: [Dim. of hispid.] (Bot. & Zoöl.)

Defn: Minutely hispid.

HISS Hiss. v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hissed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hissing.] Etym: [AS. hysian; prob. of imitative originhissen, OD. hisschen.]

1. To make with the mouth a prolonged sound like that of the letter s, by driving the breath between the tongue and the teeth; to make with the mouth a sound like that made by a goose or a snake when angered; esp., to make such a sound as an expression of hatred, passion, or disapproval. The merchants among the people shall hiss at thee. Ezek. xxvii. 36.

2. To make a similar noise by any means; to pass with a sibilant sound; as, the arrow hissed as it flew. Shod with steel, We hissed along the polished ice. Wordsworth.

HISS Hiss, v. t.

1. To condemn or express contempt for by hissing. If the tag-rag people did not clap him and hiss him, according as he pleased and displeased them. Shak. Malcolm. What is the newest grief Ros. That of an hour's age doth hiss the speaker. Shak.

2. To utter with a hissing sound. The long-necked geese of the world that are ever hissing dispraise. Tennyson.

HISS Hiss, n.

1. A prolonged sound like that letter s, made by forcing out the breath between the tongue and teeth, esp. as a token of disapprobation or contempt. "Hiss" implies audible friction of breath consonants. H. Sweet. A dismal, universal hiss, the sound Of public scorn. Milton.

2. Any sound resembling that above described; as: (a) The noise made by a serpent. But hiss for hiss returned with forked tongue. Milton.

(b) The note of a goose when irritated. (c) The noise made by steam escaping through a narrow orifice, or by water falling on a hot stove.

HISSING Hiss"ing, n.

1. The act of emitting a hiss or hisses.

2. The occasion of contempt; the object of scorn and derision. [Archaic] I will make this city desolate, and a hissing. Jer. xix. 8.

HISSINGLY Hiss"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: With a hissing sound.

HIST Hist, interj. Etym: [Cf. Dan. hys. Hush, Whist.]

Defn: Hush; be silent; -- a signal for silence. Milton.

HISTIOLOGY His`ti*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.]

Defn: Same as Histology.

HISTOGENESIS His`to*gen"e*sis, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. genesis.] (Biol.) (a) The formation and development of organic tissues; histogeny; -- the opposite of histolysis. (b) Germ history of cells, and of the tissues composed of cells. Haeckel.

HISTOGENETIC His`to*ge*net"ic, a. Etym: [See Histogeny.] (Biol.)

Defn: Tissue-producing; connected with the formation and development of the organic tissues.

HISTOGENY His*tog"e*ny, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + root of (Biol.)

Defn: Same as Histogenesis. Dunglison.

HISTOGRAPHER His*tog"ra*pher, n.

Defn: One who describes organic tissues; an histologist.

HISTOGRAPHICAL His"to*graph"ic*al, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to histography.

HISTOGRAPHY His*tog"ra*phy, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -graphy.]

Defn: A description of, or treatise on, organic tissues.

HISTOHAEMATIN His`to*hæm"a*tin, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + E. hæmatin.] (Physiol.)

Defn: One of a class of respiratory pigments, widely distributed in the animal kingdom, capable of ready oxidation and reduction.

HISTOID His"toid, a. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -oid.]

Defn: Resembling the normal tissues; as, histoid tumors.

HISTOLOGIC; HISTOLOGICAL His`to*log"ic, His`to*log"ic*al a. (Biol.)

Defn: Pertaining to histology, or to the microscopic structure of the tissues of living organisms. -- His`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

HISTOLOGIST His*tol"o*gist, n.

Defn: One versed in histology.

HISTOLOGY His*tol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + -logy.]

Defn: That branch of biological science, which treats of the minute (microscopic) structure of animal and vegetable tissues; -- called also histiology.

HISTOLYSIS His*tol"y*sis, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Gr. "isto`s tissue + (Biol.)

Defn: The decay and dissolution of the organic tissues and of the blood.

HISTOLYTIC His`to*lyt"ic, a. (Biol.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to histolysis, or the degeneration of tissues.

HISTONOMY His*ton"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue +

Defn: The science which treats of the laws relating to organic tissues, their formation, development, functions, etc.

HISTOPHYLY His*toph"y*ly, n. Etym: [Gr. "isto`s tissue + Gr. (Biol.)

Defn: The tribal history of cells, a division of morphophyly. Haeckel.

HISTORIAL His*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. historialis: cf. F. historial.]

Defn: Historical. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HISTORIAN His*to"ri*an, n. Etym: [F. historien.]

1. A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist. Even the historian takes great liberties with facts. Sir J. Reynolds.

2. One versed or well informed in history. Great captains should be good historians. South.

HISTORIC; HISTORICAL His*tor"ic, His*tor"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. historicus, Gr. historique. See History.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to history, or the record of past events; as, an historical poem; the historic page. -- His*tor"ic*al*ness, n. -- His*to*ric"i*ty, n. There warriors frowning in historic brass. Pope. Historical painting, that branch of painting which represents the events of history. -- Historical sense, that meaning of a passage which is deduced from the circumstances of time, place, etc., under which it was written. -- The historic sense, the capacity to conceive and represent the unity and significance of a past era or age.

HISTORICALLY His*tor"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In the manner of, or in accordance with, history.

HISTORICIZE His*tor"i*cize, v. t.

Defn: To record or narrate in the manner of a history; to chronicle. [R.]

HISTORIED His"to*ried, a.

Defn: Related in history.

HISTORIER His*to"ri*er, n.

Defn: An historian. [Obs.]

HISTORIETTE His`to*ri*ette", n. Etym: [F., dim. of histoire a history.]

Defn: Historical narration on a small scale; a brief recital; a story. Emerson.

HISTORIFY His*tor"i*fy, v. t. Etym: [History + -fy.]

Defn: To record in or as history. [R.] Lamb. Thy conquest meet to be historified. Sir P. Sidney.

HISTORIOGRAPHER His*to`ri*og"ra*pher, n. Etym: [L. historiographus, Gr. historiographe.]

Defn: An historian; a writer of history; especially, one appointed or designated to write a history; also, a title bestowed by some governments upon historians of distinction.

HISTORIOGRAPHERSHIP His*to`ri*og"ra*pher*ship, n.

Defn: The office of an historiographer. Saintsbury.

HISTORIOGRAPHY His*to`ri*og"ra*phy, n.

Defn: The art of employment of an historiographer.

HISTORIOLOGY His*to`ri*ol"o*gy, n. Etym: [Gr. -logy.]

Defn: A discourse on history. Cockeram.

HISTORIONOMER His*to`ri*on"o*mer, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: One versed in the phenomena of history and the laws controlling them. And historionomers will have measured accurately the sidereal years of races. Lowell.

HISTORIZE His"to*rize, v. t.

Defn: To relate as history; to chronicle; to historicize. [R.] Evelyn.

HISTORY His"to*ry, n.; pl. Histories. Etym: [L.historia, Gr. 'istori`a history, information, inquiry, fr. 'istwr, "istwr, knowing, learned, from the root of wit. See Wit, and cf. Story.]

1. A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a narrative; a description; a written record; as, the history of a patient's case; the history of a legislative bill.

2. A systematic, written account of events, particularly of those affecting a nation, institution, science, or art, and usually connected with a philosophical explanation of their causes; a true story, as distinguished from a romance; -- distinguished also from annals, which relate simply the facts and events of each year, in strict chronological order; from biography, which is the record of an individual's life; and from memoir, which is history composed from personal experience, observation, and memory. Histories are as perfect as the historian is wise, and is gifted with an eye and a soul. Carlyle. For aught that I could ever read, Could ever hear by tale or history. Shak. What histories of toil could I declare! Pope. History piece, a representation in painting, drawing, etc., of any real event, including the actors and the action. -- Natural history, a description and classification of objects in nature, as minerals, plants, animals, etc., and the phenomena which they exhibit to the senses.

Syn. -- Chronicle; annals; relation; narration. -- History, Chronicle, Annals. History is a methodical record of important events which concern a community of men, usually so arranged as to show the connection of causes and effects, to give an analysis of motive and action etc. A chronicle is a record of such events, conforming to the order of time as its distinctive feature. Annals are a chronicle divided up into separate years. By poetic license annals is sometimes used for history. Justly Cæsar scorns the poet's lays; It is to history he trusts for praise. Pope. No more yet of this; For 't is a chronicle of day by day, Not a relation for a breakfast. Shak. Many glorious examples in the annals of our religion. Rogers.

HISTORY His"to*ry, v. t.

Defn: To narrate or record. [Obs.] Shak.

HISTOTOMY His*tot"o*my, n. Etym: [Gr.

Defn: The dissection of organic tissues.

HISTOZYME His"to*zyme, n. Etym: [Gr. (Physiol. Chem.)

Defn: A soluble ferment occurring in the animal body, to the presence of which many normal decompositions and synthetical processes are supposed to be due.

HISTRION His"tri*on, n. Etym: [L. histrio: cf. F. histrion.]

Defn: A player. [R.] Pope.

HISTRIONIC; HISTRIONICAL His`tri*on"ic, His`tri*on"ic*al, a. Etym: [L. histrionicus: cf. F. histronique. See Histrion.]

Defn: Of or relating to the stage or a stageplayer; befitting a theatre; theatrical; -- sometimes in a bad sense. -- His`tri*on"ic*al*ly, adv. Tainted with false and histrionic feeling. De Quincey.

HISTRIONICISM His`tri*on"i*cism, n.

Defn: The histronic art; stageplaying. W. Black.

HISTRIONISM His"tri*o*nism, n.

Defn: Theatrical representation; acting; affectation. Sir T. Browne.

HISTRIONIZE His"tri*o*nize, v. t.

Defn: To act; to represent on the stage, or theatrically. Urquhart.

HIT Hit, pron.

Defn: It. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIT Hit,

Defn: 3d pers. sing. pres. of Hide, contracted from hideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HIT Hit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hit; p. pr. & vb. n. Hitting.] Etym: [OE. hitten, hutten, of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hitte to hit, find, Sw. & Icel. hitta.]

1. To reach with a stroke or blow; to strike or touch, usually with force; especially, to reach or touch (an object aimed at). I think you have hit the mark. Shak.

2. To reach or attain exactly; to meet according to the occasion; to perform successfully; to attain to; to accord with; to be conformable to; to suit. Birds learning tunes, and their endeavors to hit the notes right. Locke. There you hit him; . . . that argument never fails with him. Dryden. Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight. Milton. He scarcely hit my humor. Tennyson.

3. To guess; to light upon or discover. "Thou hast hit it." Shak.

4. (Backgammon)

Defn: To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; -- said of a single unprotected piece on a point. To hit off, to describe with quick characteristic strokes; as, to hit off a speaker. Sir W. Temple. -- To hit out, to perform by good luck. [Obs.] Spenser.

HIT Hit, v. i.

1. To meet or come in contact; to strike; to clash; -- followed by against or on. If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against another Locke. Corpuscles, meeting with or hitting on those bodies, become conjoined with them. Woodward.

2. To meet or reach what was aimed at or desired; to succeed, -- often with implied chance, or luck. And oft it hits Where hope is coldest and despair most fits. Shak. And millions miss for one that hits. Swift. To hit on or upon, to light upon; to come to by chance. "None of them hit upon the art." Addison.

HIT Hit, n.

1. A striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything. So he the famed Cilician fencer praised, And, at each hit, with wonder seems amazed. Dryden.

2. A stroke of success in an enterprise, as by a fortunate chance; as, he made a hit. What late he called a blessing, now was wit, And God's good providence, a lucky hit. Pope.

3. A peculiarly apt expression or turn of thought; a phrase which hits the mark; as, a happy hit.

4. A game won at backgammon after the adversary has removed some of his men. It counts less than a gammon.

5. (Baseball)

Defn: A striking of the ball; as, a safe hit; a foul hit; -- sometimes used specifically for a base hit. Base hit, Safe hit, Sacrifice hit. (Baseball) See under Base, Safe, etc.

HIT Hit adj.

Defn: having become very popular or acclaimed; -- said of entertainment performances; as, a hit record, a hit movie.

HITCH Hitch, v. t. Etym: [Cf. Scot. hitch a motion by a jerk, and hatch, hotch, to move by jerks, also Prov. G. hiksen, G. hinken, to limp, hobble; or E. hiccough; or possibly akin to E. hook.]

1. To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling. Atoms . . . which at length hitched together. South.

2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; -- said of something obstructed or impeded. Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme. Pope. To ease themselves . . . by hitching into another place. Fuller.

3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses; to interfere. [Eng.] Halliwell.

HITCH Hitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hitched; p. pr. & vb. n. Hitching.]

1. To hook; to catch or fasten as by a hook or a knot; to make fast, unite, or yoke; as, to hitch a horse, or a halter.

2. To move with hitches; as, he hitched his chair nearer. To hitch up. (a) To fasten up. (b) To pull or raise with a jerk; as, a sailor hitches up his trousers. (c) To attach, as a horse, to a vehicle; as, hitch up the gray mare. [Colloq.]

HITCH Hitch, n.

1. A catch; anything that holds, as a hook; an impediment; an obstacle; an entanglement.

2. The act of catching, as on a hook, etc.

3. A stop or sudden halt; a stoppage; an impediment; a temporary obstruction; an obstacle; as, a hitch in one's progress or utterance; a hitch in the performance.

4. A sudden movement or pull; a pull up; as, the sailor gave his trousers a hitch.

5. (Naut.)

Defn: A knot or noose in a rope which can be readily undone; -- intended for a temporary fastening; as, a half hitch; a clove hitch; a timber hitch, etc.

6. (Geol.)

Defn: A small dislocation of a bed or vein.

HITCHEL Hitch"el, n. & v. t.

Defn: See Hatchel.

HITHE Hithe, n. Etym: [AS. hHide to conceal.]

Defn: A port or small haven; -- used in composition; as, Lambhithe, now Lambeth. Pennant.

HITHER Hith"er, adv. Etym: [OE. hider, AS. hider; akin to Icel. hra, Dan. hid, Sw. hit, Goth. hidrcitra on this side, or E. here, he. He.]

1. To this place; -- used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come or bring hither.

2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; -- in a sense not physical. Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man. Hooker. Hither and thither, to and fro; backward and forward; in various directions. "Victory is like a traveller, and goeth hither and thither." Knolles.

HITHER Hith"er, a.

1. Being on the side next or toward the person speaking; nearer; -- correlate of thither and farther; as, on the hither side of a hill. Milton.

2. Applied to time: On the hither side of, younger than; of fewer years than. And on the hither side, or so she looked, Of twenty summers. Tennyson. To the present generation, that is to say, the people a few years on the hither and thither side of thirty, the name of Charles Darwin stands alongside of those of Isaac Newton and Michael Faraday. Huxley.

HITHERMOST Hith"er*most`, a.

Defn: Nearest on this side. Sir M. Hale.

HITHERTO Hith"er*to`, adv.

1. To this place; to a prescribed limit. Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further. Job xxxviii. 11.

2. Up to this time; as yet; until now. The Lord hath blessed me hitherto. Josh. xvii. 14.

HITHERWARD Hith"er*ward, adv. Etym: [AS. hiderweard.]

Defn: Toward this place; hither. Marching hitherward in proud array. Shak.

HITTER Hit"ter, n.

Defn: One who hits or strikes; as, a hard hitter.

HITTITE Hit"tite, n. [From Heb. Khittim Hittites.]

Defn: A member of an ancient people (or perhaps group of peoples) whose settlements extended from Armenia westward into Asia Minor and southward into Palestine. They are known to have been met along the Orontes as early as 1500 b. c., and were often at war with the Egyptians and Assyrians. Especially in the north they developed a considerable civilization, of which numerous monuments and inscriptions are extant. Authorities are not agreed as to their race. While several attempts have been made to decipher the Hittite characters, little progress has yet been made.

HITTORF RAYS Hit"torf rays. (Elec.)

Defn: Rays (chiefly cathode rays) developed by the electric discharge in Hittorf tubes.

HITTORF TUBE Hit"torf tube. (Elec.) (a) A highly exhausted glass tube with metallic electrodes nearly in contact so as to exhibit the insulating effects of a vacuum. It was used by the German physicist W. Hittorf (b. 1824). (b) A Crookes tube.

HIVE Hive, n. Etym: [OE. hive, huve, AS. h.]

1. A box, basket, or other structure, for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honeybees. Dryden.

2. The bees of one hive; a swarm of bees. Shak.

3. A place swarming with busy occupants; a crowd. The hive of Roman liars. Tennyson. Hive bee (Zoöl.), the honeybee.

HIVE Hive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hived; p. pr. & vb. n. Hiving.]

1. To collect into a hive; to place in, or cause to enter, a hive; as, to hive a swarm of bees.

2. To store up in a hive, as honey; hence, to gather and accumulate for future need; to lay up in store. Hiving wisdom with each studious year. Byron.

HIVE Hive, v. i.

Defn: To take shelter or lodgings together; to reside in a collective body. Pope.

HIVELESS Hive"less, a.

Defn: Destitute of a hive. Gascoigne.

HIVER Hiv"er, n.

Defn: One who collects bees into a hive.

HIVES Hives, n. Etym: [Scot.; perh. akin to E. heave.] (Med.) (a) The croup. (b) An eruptive disease (Varicella globularis), allied to the chicken pox.

HIZZ Hizz, v. i.

Defn: To hiss. [Obs.] Shak.

HO Ho, pron.

Defn: Who. [Obs.] In some Chaucer MSS.

HO; HOA Ho, Hoa, n. Etym: [See Ho, interj., 2.]

Defn: A stop; a halt; a moderation of pace. There is no ho with them. Decker.

HO; HOA Ho, Hoa, interj. Etym: [Cf. F. & G. ho.]

1. Halloo! attend! -- a call to excite attention, or to give notice of approach. "What noise there, ho" Shak. "Ho! who's within" Shak.

2. Etym: [Perhaps corrupted fr. hold; but cf. F. hau stop! and E. whoa.]

Defn: Stop! stand still! hold! -- a word now used by teamsters, but formerly to order the cessation of anything. [Written also whoa, and, formerly, hoo.] The duke . . . pulled out his sword and cried "Hoo!" Chaucer. An herald on a scaffold made an hoo. Chaucer.

HOAR Hoar, a. Etym: [OE. hor, har, AS. har; akin to Icel. harr, and to OHG. her illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. Heiedh brightness of the sky, Goth. hais torch, Skr. ketus light, torch. Cf. Hoary.]

1. White, or grayish white: as, hoar frost; hoar cliffs. "Hoar waters." Spenser.

2. Gray or white with age; hoary. Whose beard with age is hoar. Coleridge. Old trees with trunks all hoar. Byron.

3. Musty; moldy; stale. [Obs.] Shak.

HOAR Hoar, n.

Defn: Hoariness; antiquity. [R.] Covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages. Burke.

HOAR Hoar, v. t. Etym: [AS. harian to grow gray.]

Defn: To become moldy or musty. [Obs.] Shak.

HOARD Hoard, n.

Defn: See Hoarding, 2. Smart.

HOARD Hoard, n. Etym: [OE. hord, AS. hord; akin to OS. hord, G. hort, Icel. hodd, Goth. huzd; prob. from the root of E. hide to conceal, and of L. custos guard, E. custody. See Hide to conceal.]

Defn: A store, stock, or quantity of anything accumulated or laid up; a hidden supply; a treasure; as, a hoard of provisions; a hoard of money.

HOARD Hoard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarding.] Etym: [AS. hordian.]

Defn: To collect and lay up; to amass and deposit in secret; to store secretly, or for the sake of keeping and accumulating; as, to hoard grain.

HOARD Hoard, v. i.

Defn: To lay up a store or hoard, as of money. To hoard for those whom he did breed. Spenser.

HOARDER Hoard"er, n.

Defn: One who hoards.

HOARDING Hoard"ing, n. Etym: [From OF. hourd, hourt, barrier, palisade, of German or Dutch origin; cf. D. horde hurdle, fence, G. horde, hürde; akin to E. hurdle. sq. root16. See Hurdle.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A screen of boards inclosing a house and materials while builders are at work. [Eng.] Posted on every dead wall and hoarding. London Graphic.

2. A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing something. The whole arrangement was surrounded by a hoarding, the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin. Tyndall.

HOARED Hoared, a.

Defn: Moldy; musty. [Obs.] Granmer.

HOARFROST Hoar"frost`, n.

Defn: The white particles formed by the congelation of dew; white frost. [Written also horefrost. See Hoar, a.] He scattereth the hoarfrost like ashes. Ps. cxlvii. 16.

HOARHOUND Hoar"hound`, n.

Defn: Same as Horehound.

HOARINESS Hoar"i*ness, n. Etym: [From Hoary.]

Defn: The state of being hoary. Dryden.

HOARSE Hoarse, a. [Compar. Hoarser, superl. Hoarsest.] Etym: [OE. hors, also hos, has, AS. has; akin to D. heesch, G. heiser, Icel. hass, Dan. hæs, Sw. hes. Cf. Prov. E. heazy.]

1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice or sound, as when affected with a cold; making a rough, harsh cry or sound; as, the hoarse raven. The hoarse resounding shore. Dryden.

2. Harsh; grating; discordant; -- said of any sound.

HOARSELY Hoarse"ly, adv.

Defn: With a harsh, grating sound or voice.

HOARSEN Hoars"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoarsened; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoarsening.]

Defn: To make hoarse. I shall be obliged to hoarsen my voice. Richardson.

HOARSENESS Hoarse"ness, n.

Defn: Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords.

HOARSTONE Hoar"stone`, n.

Defn: A stone designating the Halliwell.

HOARY Hoar"y, a.

1. White or whitish."The hoary willows." Addison.

2. White or gray with age; hoar; as, hoary hairs. Reverence the hoary head. Dr. T. Dwight.

3. Hence, remote in time past; as, hoary antiquity.

4. Moldy; mossy; musty. [Obs.] Knolles.

5. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of a pale silvery gray.

6. (Bot.)

Defn: Covered with short, dense, grayish white hairs; canescent. Hoary bat (Zoöl.), an American bat (Atalapha cinerea), having the hair yellowish, or brown, tipped with white.

HOATZIN Ho"at*zin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Same as Hoazin.

HOAX Hoax, n. Etym: [Prob. contr. fr. hocus, in hocus-pocus.]

Defn: A deception for mockery or mischief; a deceptive trick or story; a practical joke. Macaulay.

HOAX Hoax, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoaxed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoaxing.]

Defn: To deceive by a story or a trick, for sport or mischief; to impose upon sportively. Lamb.

HOAXER Hoax"er, n.

Defn: One who hoaxes.

HOAZIN Hoa"zin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A remarkable South American bird (Opisthocomus cristatus); the crested touraco. By some zoölogists it is made the type of a distinct order (Opisthocomi).

HOB Hob, n. Etym: [Prob. akin to hump. Cf. Hub. ]

1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub. Washington.

2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm. Smart.

3. (Mech.)

Defn: A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc.

HOB Hob, n Etym: [Orig. an abbrev. of Robin, Robert; Robin Goodfellow a celebrated fairy, or domestic spirit. Cf. Hobgoblin, and see Robin. ]

1. A fairy; a sprite; an elf. [Obs.] From elves, hobs, and fairies, . . . Defend us, good Heaven ! Beau. & FL.

2. A countryman; a rustic; a clown. [Obs.] Nares.

HOBANOB; HOBANDNOB Hob"a*nob`, Hob"and*nob`, v. i.

Defn: Same as Hobnob. Tennyson.

HOBBISM Hob"bism, n.

Defn: The philosophical system of Thomas Hobbes, an English materialist (

HOBBIST Hob"bist, n.

Defn: One who accepts the doctrines of Thomas Hobbes.

HOBBLE Hob"ble, n. i. [imp. & p. p. Hobbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Hobbling.] Etym: [OE. hobelen, hoblen, freq. of hoppen to hop; akin to D. hobbelen, hoblen, hoppeln. See Hop to jump, and cf. Hopple ]

1. To walk lame, bearing chiefly on one leg; to walk with a hitch or hop, or with crutches. The friar was hobbling the same way too. Dryden.

2. To move roughly or irregularly; -- said of style in writing. Prior. The hobbling versification, the mean diction. Jeffreys.

HOBBLE Hob"ble, v. t.

1. To fetter by tying the legs; to hopple; to clog. " They hobbled their horses." Dickens

2. To perplex; to embarrass.

HOBBLE Hob"ble, n.

1. An unequal gait; a limp; a halt; as, he has a hobble in his gait. Swift.

2. Same as Hopple.

3. Difficulty; perplexity; embarrassment. Waterton.

HOBBLEBUSH Hob"ble*bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A low bush (Viburnum lantanoides) having long, straggling branches and handsome flowers. It is found in the Northern United States. Called also shinhopple.

HOBBLEDEHOY; HOBBLETEHOY Hob"ble*de*hoy`, Hob"ble*te*hoy`, n. [Written also hobbetyhoy, hobbarddehoy, hobbedehoy, hobdehoy.] Etym: [ Cf. Prob. E. hobbledygee with a limping movement; also F. hobereau, a country squire, E. hobby, and OF. hoi to-day; perh. the orig. sense was, an upstart of to-day.]

Defn: A youth between boy and man; an awkward, gawky young fellow . [Colloq.] All the men, boys, and hobbledehoys attached to the farm. Dickens. .

HOBBLER Hob"bler, n.

Defn: One who hobbles.

HOBBLER Hob"bler, n. Etym: [OE. also hobeler, OF. hobelier, LL. hobellarius. See Hobby a horse.] (Eng. Hist.)

Defn: One who by his tenure was to maintain a horse for military service; a kind of light horseman in the Middle Ages who was mounted on a hobby. Hallam. Sir J. Davies.

HOBBLE SKIRT Hob"ble skirt.

Defn: A woman's skirt so scant at the bottom as to restrain freedom of movement after the fashion of a hobble. -- Hob"ble-skirt`ed, a.

HOBBLINGLY Hob"bling*ly, adv.

Defn: With a limping step.

HOBBLY Hob"bly, a.

Defn: Rough; uneven; causing one to hobble; as a hobbly road.

HOBBY Hob"by, n.; pl. Hobbies. Etym: [OE. hobi; cf. OF. hobe, hobé, F. hobereau a hobby, a species of falcon. OF. hober to move, stir. Cf. Hobby a horse.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A small, strong-winged European falcon (Falco subbuteo), formerly trained for hawking.

HOBBY; HOBBYHORSE Hob"by, Hob"by*horse`, n. Etym: [OE. hobin a nag, OF. hobin hobby; cf. hober to stir, move; prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. Dan. hoppe a mare, dial. Sw. hoppa; perh. akin to E. hop to jump.]

1. A strong, active horse, of a middle size, said to have been originally from Ireland; an ambling nag. Johnson.

2. A stick, often with the head or figure of a horse, on which boys make believe to ride. [ Usually under the form hobbyhorse.]

3. A subject or plan upon which one is constantly setting off; a favorite and ever-recurring theme of discourse, thought, or effort; that which occupies one's attention unduly, or to the weariness of others; a ruling passion. [Usually under the form hobby.] Not one of them has any hobbyhorse, to use the phrase of Sterne. Macaulay.

HOBBYHORSICAL Hob`by*hors"ic*al, n.

Defn: Pertaining to, or having, a hobby or whim; eccentric; whimsical.[Colloq.] Sterne.

HOBGOBLIN Hob"gob`lin, n. Etym: [See 2d Hob, and Goblin.]

Defn: A frightful goblin; an imp; a bugaboo; also, a name formerly given to the household spirit, Robin Goodfellow. Macaulay.

HOBILER Hob"i*ler, n.Etym: [See 2d Hobbler.]

Defn: A light horseman. See 2d Hobbler. [Obs.] Brande & C.

HOBIT Ho"bit, n. Etym: [See Howitzer.] (Mil.)

Defn: A small mortar on a gun carriage, in use before the howitzer.

HOBNAIL Hob"nail`, n. Etym: [1st hob + nail.]

1. A short, sharp-pointed, large-headed nail, -- used in shoeing houses and for studding the soles of heavy shoes.

2. A clownish person; a rustic. Milton. Hobnail liver (Med.), a disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the liver.

HOBNAIL Hob"nail`, v. t.

Defn: To tread down roughly, as with hobnailed shoes. Your rights and charters hobnailed into slush. Tennyson.

HOBNAILED Hob"nailed`, a.

Defn: See with hobnails, as a shoe.

HOBNOB Hob"nob`, adv. Etym: [AS. habban to have + habban to have not; ne not + habban to have. See Have, and cf. Habnab.]

1. Have or have not; -- a familiar invitation to reciprocal drinking. Shak.

2. At random; hit or miss. (Obs.) Holinshed.

HOBNOB Hob"nob`, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Hornobbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hornobbing.]

1. To drink familiarly (with another). [ Written also hob-a-nob.]

2. To associate familiarly; to be on intimate terms.

HOBNOB Hob"nob`, n.

Defn: Familiar, social intercourse. W. Black.

HOBO Ho"bo, n.; pl. Hobos or Hoboes (#). [Of uncertain origin.]

Defn: A professional tramp; one who spends his life traveling from place to place, esp. by stealing rides on trains, and begging for a living. [U. S.] -- Ho"bo*ism (#), n.

HOBORNOB Hob"or*nob`, adv.

Defn: See Hobnob.

HOBOY Ho"boy, n.

Defn: A hautboy or oboe. [Obs.]

HOBSON'S CHOICE Hob"son's choice".

Defn: A choice without an alternative; the thing offered or nothing.

Note: It is said to have had its origin in the name of one Hobson, at Cambridge, England, who let horses, and required every customer to take in his turn the horse which stood next the stable door.

HOCCO Hoc"co, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The crested curassow; -- called also royal pheasant. See Curassow.

HOCHEPOT Hoche"pot, n.

Defn: Hotchpot. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOCK Hock, n. Etym: [So called from Hochheim, in Germany.]

Defn: A Rhenish wine, of a light yellow color, either sparkling or still. The name is also given indiscriminately to all Rhenish wines.

HOCK; HOUGH Hock, Hough (, n. Etym: [ AS. h the heel; prob. akin to Icel. hasinn hock sinew, Dan. hasc, G. hechse, hächse, LG. hacke, D.hak; also to L. coxa hip (cf. Cuisses), Skr. kaksha armpit. sq. root12. Cf. Heel.]

1. (a) The joint in the hind limb of quadrupeds between the leg and shank, or tibia and tarsus, and corresponding to the ankle in man. (b) A piece cut by butchers, esp. in pork, from either the front or hind leg, just above the foot.

2. The popliteal space; the ham.

HOCK Hock, v. t.

Defn: To disable by cutting the tendons of the hock; to hamstring; to hough.

HOCKAMORE Hock"a*more, n. Etym: [See 1st Hock.]

Defn: A Rhenish wine. [Obs.] See Hock. Hudibras.

HOCKDAY Hock"day`, n. Etym: [Cf. AS. hocor mockery, scorn.]

Defn: A holiday commemorating the expulsion of the Danes, formerly observed on the second Tuesday after Easter; -- called also hocktide. [Eng.] [Written also hokeday.]

HOCKEY Hock"ey, n. Etym: [From Hook, n.]

1. A game in which two parties of players, armed with sticks curved or hooked at the end, attempt to drive any small object (as a ball or a bit of wood) toward opposite goals.

2. The stick used by the players. [Written also hookey and hawkey.]

HOCKHERB Hock"herb`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: The mallow.

HOCKLE Hoc"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hockled(); p. pr. & vb. n. Hockling.] Etym: [From 2d Hock.]

1. To hamstring; to hock; to hough. Hanmer.

2. To mow, as stubble. Mason.

HOCUS Ho"cus, v. t. Etym: [See Hocus-pocus.]

1. To deceive or cheat. Halliwell.

2. To adulterate; to drug; as, liquor is said to be hocused for the purpose of stupefying the drinker. Dickens.

3. To stupefy with drugged liquor. Thackeray.

HOCUS Ho"cus, n.

1. One who cheats or deceives. South.

2. Drugged liquor.

HOCUSPOCUS; HOCUS-POCUS Ho"cus*po"cus, n. Etym: [Prob. invented by jugglers in imitation of Latin. Cf. Hoax, Hocus .]

1. A term used by jugglers in pretended incantations.

2. A juggler or trickster. Sir T. Herbert.

3. A juggler's trick; a cheat; nonsense. Hudibras.

HOCUSPOCUS; HOCUS-POCUS Ho"cus*po"cus, v. t.

Defn: To cheat. [Colloq.] L'Estrange.

HOD Hod, n. Etym: [Prov. E. for hold, i. e., that which holds. See Hold.]

1. A kind of wooden tray with a handle, borne on the shoulder, for carrying mortar, brick, etc.

2. A utensil for holding coal; a coal scuttle.

HODDENGRAY Hod"den*gray`, a. Etym: [Perh. akin to E. hoiden rustic, clownish.]

Defn: Applied to coarse cloth made of undyed wool, formerly worn by Scotch peasants. [Scot.]

HODDY Hod"dy, n. Etym: [Prob. for hooded.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Dun crow, under Dun, a.

HODDYDODDY Hod"dy*dod`dy, n. Etym: [Prob. E. also hoddypeke, hoddypoule, hoddymandoddy.]

Defn: An awkward or foolish person. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

HODGEPODGE Hodge"podge`, n.

Defn: A mixed mass; a medley. See Hotchpot. Johnson.

HODGKIN'S DISEASE Hodg`kin's dis*ease". (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition characterized by progressive anæmia and enlargement of the lymphatic glands; -- first described by Dr. Hodgkin, an English physician.

HODIERN; HODIERNAL Ho"di*ern, Ho`di*er"nal, a. Etym: [L. hodiernus, fr. hodie today.]

Defn: Of this day; belonging to the present day. [R.] Boyle. Quart. Rev.

HODMAN Hod"man, n.; pl. Hodmen(

Defn: A man who carries a hod; a mason's tender.

HODMANDOD Hod"man*dod, n. [Obs.]

Defn: See Dodman. Bacon.

HODOGRAPH Hod"o*graph, n. Etym: [Gr.graph.] (Math.)

Defn: A curve described by the moving extremity of a line the other end of which is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the direction of motion of, and having its length constantly proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path; -used in investigations respecting central forces.

HODOMETER Ho*dom"e*ter, n.

Defn: See Odometer.

HOE Hoe, n. Etym: [OF. hoe, F. houe; of German origin, cf. OHG. houwa, howa, G. haue, fr. OHG. houwan to hew. See Hew to cut.]

1. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish. Dutch hoe, one having the blade set for use in the manner of a spade. -- Horse hoe, a kind of cultivator.

HOE Hoe, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoed; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoeing.] Etym: [Cf. F. houer.]

Defn: To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; as, to hoe the earth in a garden; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe; as, to hoe corn. To hoe one's row, to do one's share of a job. [Colloq.]

HOE Hoe, v. i.

Defn: To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.

HOECAKE Hoe"cake`, n.

Defn: A cake of Indian meal, water, and salt, baked before the fire or in the ashes; -- so called because often cooked on a hoe. [Southern U.S.]

HOEMOTHER Hoe"moth`er, n. Etym: [A local Orkney name; cf. Icel.har.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The basking or liver shark; -- called also homer. See Liver shark, under Liver.

HOFUL Ho"ful, a. Etym: [AS.hogful, hohful, fr. hogu care, anxiety.]

Defn: Careful; wary. [Obs.] Stapleton.

HOG Hog, n. Etym: [Prob. akin to E. hack to cut, and meaning orig., a castrated boar; cf. also W. hwch swine, sow, Armor. houc'h, hoc'h. Cf. Haggis, Hogget, and Hoggerel.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A quadruped of the genus Sus, and allied genera of Suidæ; esp., the domesticated varieties of S. scrofa, kept for their fat and meat, called, respectively, lard and pork; swine; porker; specifically, a castrated boar; a barrow.

Note: The domestic hogs of Siam, China, and parts of Southern Europe, are thought to have been derived from Sus Indicus.

2. A mean, filthy, or gluttonous fellow. [Low.]

3. A young sheep that has not been shorn. [Eng.]

4. (Naut.)

Defn: A rough, flat scrubbing broom for scrubbing a ship's bottom under water. Totten.

5. (Paper Manuf.) A device for mixing and stirring the pulp of which paper is made. Bush hog, Ground hog, etc. See under Bush, Ground, etc. -- Hog caterpillar (Zoöl.), the larva of the green grapevine sphinx; -- so called because the head and first three segments are much smaller than those behind them, so as to make a resemblance to a hog's snout. See Hawk moth. -- Hog cholera, an epidemic contagious fever of swine, attended by liquid, fetid, diarrhea, and by the appearance on the skin and mucous membrane of spots and patches of a scarlet, purple, or black color. It is fatal in from one to six days, or ends in a slow, uncertain recovery. Law (Farmer's Veter. Adviser. )-- Hog deer (Zoöl.), the axis deer. -- Hog gum (Bot.), West Indian tree (Symphonia globulifera), yielding an aromatic gum. -- Hog of wool, the trade name for the fleece or wool of sheep of the second year. -- Hog peanut (Bot.), a kind of earth pea. -- Hog plum (Bot.), a tropical tree, of the genus Spondias (S. lutea), with fruit somewhat resembling plums, but chiefly eaten by hogs. It is found in the West Indies. -- Hog's bean (Bot.), the plant henbane. -- Hog's bread.(Bot.) See Sow bread. -- Hog's fennel. (Bot.) See under Fennel. -- Mexican hog (Zoöl.), the peccary. -- Water hog. (Zoöl.) See Capybara.

HOG Hog, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hogged; p. pr. & vb. n. Hogging.]

1. To cut short like bristles; as, to hog the mane of a horse. Smart.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: To scrub with a hog, or scrubbing broom.

HOG Hog, v. i. (Naut.)

Defn: To become bent upward in the middle, like a hog's back; -- said of a ship broken or strained so as to have this form.

HOGBACK Hog"back`, n.

1. (Arch.)

Defn: An upward curve or very obtuse angle in the upper surface of any member, as of a timber laid horizontally; -- the opposite of camber.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: See Hogframe.

3. (Geol.)

Defn: A ridge formed by tilted strata; hence, any ridge with a sharp summit, and steeply sloping sides.

HOGCHAIN Hog"chain`, n.

Defn: A chain or tie rod, in a boat or barge, to prevent the vessel from hogging.

HOGCHOKER Hog"chok`er, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: An American sole (Achirus lineatus, or A. achirus), related to the European sole, but of no market value.

HOGCOTE Hog"cote`, n.

Defn: A shed for swine; a sty.

HOGFISH Hog"fish`, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A large West Indian and Florida food fish (Lachnolæmus). (b) The pigfish or sailor's choice. (c) An American fresh-water fish; the log perch. (d) A large, red, spiny-headed, European marine fish (Scorpæna scrofa).

HOGFRAME Hog"frame`, n. (Steam Vessels)

Defn: A trussed frame extending fore and aft, usually above deck, and intended to increase the longitudinal strength and stiffness. Used chiefly in American river and lake steamers. Called also hogging frame, and hogback.

HOGGED Hogged, a. (Naut.)

Defn: Broken or strained so as to have an upward curve between the ends. See Hog, v. i.

HOGGER Hog"ger, n.

Defn: A stocking without a foot, worn by coal miners at work.

HOGGEREL Hog"ger*el, n. Etym: [From the same source as hog; prob. orig., a sheep clipped the first year. See Hog.]

Defn: A sheep of the second year. [Written also hogrel.] Ash.

HOGGER-PIPE; HOGGERPIPE Hog"ger*-pipe`, n. (Mining)

Defn: The upper terminal pipe of a mining pump. Raymond.

HOGGER-PUMP Hog"ger-pump", n. (Mining)

Defn: The for pump in the pit. Raymond.

HOGGERY Hog"ger*y, n.

Defn: Hoggish character or manners; selfishness; greed; beastliness. Crime and shame And all their hoggery. Mrs. Browning.

HOGGET Hog"get, n. Etym: [See Hog, and Hoggerel.]

1. A young boar of the second year.

2. A sheep or colt alter it has passed its first year.

HOGGING Hog"ging, n. (Naut.)

Defn: Drooping at the ends; arching;-in distinction from sagging. Hogging frame. See Hogframe.

HOGGISH Hog"gish, a.

Defn: Swinish; gluttonous; filthy; selfish. -- Hog"gish*ly, adv. -- Hog"gish*ness, n. Is not a hoggish life the height of some men's wishes Shaftesbury.

HOGH Hogh (ho), n. Etym: [Icel. haugr hill, mound; akin to E. high. See High.]

Defn: A hill; a cliff. [Obs.] Spenser.

HOGHERD Hog"herd, n.

Defn: A swineherd. W. Browne.

HOGMANAY Hog`ma*nay" (, n.

Defn: The old name, in Scotland, for the last day of the year, on which children go about singing, and receive a dole of bread or cakes; also, the entertainment given on that day to a visitor, or the gift given to an applicant. [Scot.]

HOGNOSESNAKE Hog"nose`snake". (Zoöl.)

Defn: A harmless North American snake of the genus Heterodon, esp. H. platyrhynos; -- called also puffing adder, blowing adder, and sand viper.

HOGNUT Hog"nut`, n. (Bot.) (a) The pignut. See Hickory. (b) In England, the Bunium flexuosum, a tuberous plant.

HOGO Ho"go, n. Etym: [Corrupted from F. haut goût.]

Defn: High flavor; strong scent. [Obs.] Halliwell.

HOGPEN Hog"pen`, n.

Defn: A pen or sty for hogs.

HOGREEVE Hog"reeve`, n. Etym: [See Reeve.]

Defn: A civil officer charged with the duty of impounding hogs running at large. [New Eng.] Bartlett.

HOGRINGER Hog"ring`er, n.

Defn: One who puts rings into the snouts of hogs.

HOG'S-BACK Hog's"-back`, n. (Geol.)

Defn: A hogback.

HOGSCORE Hog"score`, n. Etym: [Etymol. uncertain.] (Curling)

Defn: A distance lime brawn across the rink or course between the middle line and the tee. [Scot.]

HOGSHEAD Hogs"head, n. Etym: [D. okshoofd; akin to Sw. oxhufvud, Dan. oxehoved, G. oxhoft; apparently meaning orig., ox head, but it is not known why this name was given. Cf. Ox, Head.]

1. An English measure of capacity, containing 63 wine gallons, or about 52

Note: The London hogshead of beer was 54 beer gallons, the London hogshead of ale was 48 ale gallons. Elsewhere in England the ale and beer hogsheads held 51 gallons. These measures are no longer in use, except for cider.

2. A large cask or barrel, of indefinite contents; esp. one containing from 100 to 140 gallons. [U. S.]

HOGSKIN Hog"skin`, n.

Defn: Leather tanned from a hog's skin. Also used adjectively.

HOGSTY Hog"sty`, n.; pl. Hogsties (.

Defn: A pen, house, or inclosure, for hogs.

HOGWASH Hog"wash`, n.

Defn: Swill. Arbuthnot.

HOGWEED Hog"weed`, n. (Bot.) (a) A common weed (Ambrosia artemisiæge). See Ambrosia, 3. (b) In England, the Heracleum Sphondylium.

HOIDEN Hoi"den, n. Etym: [OE. hoydon a lout, rustic, OD. heyden a heathen, gypsy, vagabond, D. heiden, fr. OD. heyde heath, D. heide. See Heathen, Heath.] [Written also hoyden.]

1. A rude, clownish youth. [Obs.] Milton.

2. A rude, bold girl; a romp. H. Kingsley.

HOIDEN Hoi"den, a.

Defn: Rustic; rude; bold. Younq.

HOIDEN Hoi"den, v. i.

Defn: To romp rudely or indecently. Swift.

HOIDENHOOD Hoi"den*hood, n.

Defn: State of being a hoiden.

HOIDENISH Hoi"den*ish, a.

Defn: Like, or appropriate to, a hoiden.

HOISE Hoise, v. t. Etym: [See Hoist.]

Defn: To hoist. [Obs.] They . . . hoised up the mainsail to the wind. Acts xxvii. 40.

HOIST Hoist, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hoisted; p. pr. & vb. n. Hoisting.] Etym: [OE. hoise, hyse, OD. hyssen, D. hijshen; akin to LG. hissen, Dan. hisse, Sw. hissa.]

Defn: To raise; to lift; to elevate; esp., to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle, as a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight. They land my goods, and hoist my flying sails. Pope. Hoisting him into his father's throne. South. Hoisting engine, a steam engine for operating a hoist.

HOIST Hoist, n.

1. That by which anything is hoisted; the apparatus for lifting goods.

2. The act of hoisting; a lift. [Collog.]

3. (fly, or horizontal length when flying from a staff. (b) The height of a fore-and-aft sail next the mast or stay. Totten. Hoist bridge, a drawbridge that is lifted instead of being swung or drawn aside.

HOIST Hoist, p. p.

Defn: Hoisted. [Obs.] 'Tis the sport to have the enginer Hoist with his own petar. Shak.

HOISTAWAY Hoist"a*way`, n.

Defn: A mechanical lift. See Elevator.

HOISTWAY Hoist"way`, n.

Defn: An opening for the hoist, or

HOIT Hoit, v. i. Etym: [Gf. W. hoetian to dally, dandle.]

Defn: To leap; to caper; to romp noisily. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

HOITY-TOITY Hoi"ty-toi`ty, a. Etym: [From Hoit.]

Defn: Thoughtless; giddy; flighty; also, haughty; patronizing; as, to be in hoity-toity spirits, or to assume hoity-toity airs; used also as an exclamation, denoting surprise or disapprobation, with some degree of contempt. Hoity-toity! What have I to do with dreams Congreve.

HOKEDAY Hoke"day`, n.

Defn: Same as Hockday.

HOKER Ho"ker, n. Etym: [AS. h.]

Defn: Scorn; derision; abusive talk. [Obs.] -- Ho"ker*ly, adv. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOL Hol, a. Etym: [See Whole.]

Defn: Whole. [Obs.] Chaucer.

HOLARCTIC Hol"arc*tic, a. [Holo- + arctic.]

Defn: Of or pert. to the arctic regions collectively; specif. (Zoögeography),

Defn: designating a realm or region including the northern parts of the Old and the New World. It comprises the Palearctic and Nearctic regions or subregions.

HOLASPIDEAN Hol`as*pid"e*an, a. Etym: [Holo- + Gr. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Having a single series of large scutes on the posterior side of the tarsus; -- said of certain birds.

HOLCAD Hol"cad, n. Etym: [Gr. 'olka`s, -a`dos, a ship which is towed, a ship of burden, fr. 'e`lkein to draw. Gf. Hulk.]

Defn: A large ship of burden, in ancient Greece. Mitford.

HOLD Hold, n. Etym: [D. hol hole, hollow. See Hole.] (Naut.)

Defn: The whole interior portion of a vessel below the lower deck, in which the cargo is stowed.

HOLD Hold, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Held; p. pr. & vb. n. Holding. Holden (, p. p., is obs. in elegant writing, though still used in legal language.] Etym: [OE. haldan, D. houden, OHG. hoten, Icel. halda, Dan. holde, Sw. hålla, Goth. haldan to feed, tend (the cattle); of unknown origin. Gf. Avast, Halt, Hod.]