Chapter CDXL: Prologue (91)

Defn: A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is valuable as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is largely used in the preservation of fruit. Called also saccharose, cane sugar, etc. By extension, any one of the class of isomeric substances (as lactose, maltose, etc.) of which sucrose proper is the type.

Note: Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate, C12H22O11. It does not reduce Fehling's solution, and though not directly fermentable, yet on standing with yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also called a disaccharate. Sucrose possesses at once the properties of an alcohol and a ketone, and also forms compounds (called sucrates) analogous to salts. Cf. Sugar.

SUCTION Suc"tion, n. Etym: [L. sugere, suctum, to suck; cf. OF. suction. See Suck, v. t.]

Defn: The act or process of sucking; the act of drawing, as fluids, by exhausting the air. Suction chamber, the chamber of a pump into which the suction pipe delivers. -- Suction pipe, Suction valve, the induction pipe, and induction valve, of a pump, respectively. -- Suction pump, the common pump, in which the water is raised into the barrel by atmospheric pressure. See Illust. of Pump.

SUCTORIA Suc*to"ri*a, n. pl. Etym: [NL. See Suction.] (Zoöl.)

1. An order of Infusoria having the body armed with somewhat stiff, tubular processes which they use as suckers in obtaining their food. They are usually stalked.

2. Same as Rhizocephala.

SUCTORIAL Suc*to"ri*al, a. Etym: [L. sugere, suctum, to suck.]

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Adapted for sucking; living by sucking; as, the humming birds are suctorial birds.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Capable of adhering by suction; as, the suctorial fishes.

SUCTORIAN Suc*to"ri*an, n.

1. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A cartilaginous fish with a mouth adapted for suction, as the lampery.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: One of the Suctoria.

SUCTORIOUS Suc*to"ri*ous, a.

Defn: Suctorial. [R.]

SUDAMINA Su*dam"i*na, n. pl, sing. Sudamen (. Etym: [NL. sudamen, -inis, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.] (Med.)

Defn: Minute vesicles surrounded by an area of reddened skin, produced by excessive sweating.

SUDARIUM Su*da"ri*um, n. Etym: [L., a handkerchief.] (Eccl.)

Defn: The handkerchief upon which the Savior is said to have impressed his own portrait miraculously, when wiping his face with it, as he passed to the crucifixion.

SUDARY Su"da*ry, n. Etym: [L. sudarium, fr. sudare to sweat. See Sweat.]

Defn: A napkin or handkerchief. [Obs. or R.] Wyclif. R. Browning.

SUDATION Su*da"tion, n. Etym: [L. sudatio, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F. sudation.]

Defn: A sweating. [Obs.]

SUDATORIUM Su`da*to"ri*um, n.; pl. Sudatoria. Etym: [L.]

Defn: A sudatory. Dunglison.

SUDATORY Su"da*to*ry, a. Etym: [L. sudatorius, fr. sudare to sweat: cf. F. sudatoire. See Sweat.]

Defn: Sweating; perspiring.

SUDATORY Su"da*to*ry, n.; pl. Sudatories. Etym: [L. sudatorium.]

Defn: A bagnio; a sweating bath; a vapor bath. These sudatories are much in request for many infirmities. Evelyn.

SUDD Sudd (sud), n. [Ar. sadd barrier.]

Defn: A tangled mass of floating vegetal matter obstructing navigation. [Central Africa]

SUDDEN Sud"den, a. Etym: [OE. sodian, sodein, OF. sodain, sudain, F. soudain, L. subitaneus, fr. subitus sudden, that has come unexpectedly, p.p. of subire to come on, to steal upon; sub under, secretly + ire to go. See Issue, and cf. Subitaneous.]

1. Happening without previous notice or with very brief notice; coming unexpectedly, or without the common preparation; immediate; instant; speedy. "O sudden wo!" Chaucer. "For fear of sudden death." Shak. Sudden fear troubleth thee. Job xxii. 10.

2. Hastly prepared or employed; quick; rapid. Never was such a sudden scholar made. Shak. The apples of Asphaltis, appearing goodly to the sudden eye. Milton.

3. Hasty; violent; rash; precipitate. [Obs.] Shak.

Syn. -- Unexpected; unusual; abrupt; unlooked-for. -- Sud"den*ly, adv. -- Sud"den*ness, n.

SUDDEN Sud"den, adv.

Defn: Suddenly; unexpectedly. [R.] Herbs of every leaf that sudden flowered. Milton.

SUDDEN Sud"den, n.

Defn: An unexpected occurrence; a surprise. All of a sudden, On a sudden, Of a sudden, sooner than was expected; without the usual preparation; suddenly. How art thou lost! how on a sudden lost! Milton. He withdrew his opposition all of a sudden. Thackeray.

SUDDENTY Sud"den*ty, n. Etym: [Cf. F. soudaineté.]

Defn: Suddenness; a sudden. [Scot.] On a suddenty, on a sudden. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.

SUDORAL Su"dor*al, a. Etym: [L. sudor.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sweat; as, sudoral eruptions.

SUDORIFEROUS Su`dor*if"er*ous, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat + -ferous.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Producing, or secreting, sweat; sudoriparous. Sudoriferous glands (Anat.), small convoluted tubular glands which are situated in the subcutaneous tissues and discharge by minute orifices in the surface of the skin; the sweat glands.

SUDORIFIC Su`dor*if"ic, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat (akin to E. sweat) + facere to make.]

Defn: Causing sweat; as, sudorific herbs. -- n.

Defn: A sudorific medicine. Cf. Diaphoretic.

SUDORIPAROUS Su`dor*ip"a*rous, a. Etym: [L. sudor sweat + parere to produce.] (Physiol.)

Defn: Same as Sudoriferous.

SUDOROUS Su"dor*ous, a. Etym: [L. sudorus, fr. sudor sweat.]

Defn: Consisting of sweat. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

SUDRA Su"dra, n. Etym: [Skr. ç.]

Defn: The lowest of the four great castes among the Hindoos. See Caste. [Written also Soorah, Soodra, and Sooder.]

SUDS Suds, n. pl. Etym: [Akin to sodden, seethe. See Seethe.]

Defn: Water impregnated with soap, esp. when worked up into bubbles and froth. In the suds, in turmoil or difficulty. [Colloq.] Beau. & Fl.

SUE Sue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sued; p. pr. & vb. n. Suing.] Etym: [OE. suen, sewen, siwen, OF. sivre (pres.ind. 3d sing. il siut, suit, he follows, nous sevons we follow), LL. sequere, for L. sequi, secutus; akin to Gr. sac to accompany, and probably to E. see, v.t. See See, v. t., and cf. Consequence, Ensue, Execute, Obsequious, Pursue, Second, Sect in religion, Sequence, Suit.]

1. To follow up; to chase; to seek after; to endeavor to win; to woo. For yet there was no man that haddle him sued. Chaucer. I was beloved of many a gentle knight, And sued and sought with all the service due. Spenser. Sue me, and woo me, and flatter me. Tennyson.

2. (Law) (a) To seek justice or right from, by legal process; to institute process in law against; to bring an action against; to prosecute judicially. (b) To proceed with, as an action, and follow it up to its proper termination; to gain by legal process.

3. (Falconry)

Defn: To clean, as the beak; -- said of a hawk.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To leave high and dry on shore; as, to sue a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr. To sue out (Law), to petition for and take out, or to apply for and obtain; as, to sue out a writ in chancery; to sue out a pardon for a criminal.

SUE Sue, v. i.

1. To seek by request; to make application; to petition; to entreat; to plead. By adverse destiny constrained to sue For counsel and redress, he sues to you. Pope. Cæsar came to Rome to sue for the double honor of a triumph and the consulship. C. Middleton. The Indians were defeated and sued for peace. Jefferson.

2. (Law)

Defn: To prosecute; to make legal claim; to seek (for something) in law; as, to sue for damages.

3. To woo; to pay addresses as a lover. Massinger.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: To be left high and dry on the shore, as a ship. R. H. Dana, Jr.

SUEDE Suède (swayd or swâd), n. [F., Sweden.]

Defn: Swedish glove leather, --usually made from lambskins tanned with willow bark. Also used adjectively; as, suède gloves.

SUENT Su"ent, a.

Defn: Uniformly or evenly distributed or spread; even; smooth. See Suant. Thoreau.

SUENTLY Su"ent*ly, adv.

Defn: Evenly; smoothly.

SUER Su"er, n.

Defn: One who sues; a suitor.

SUET Su"et, n. Etym: [OE. suet, dim. fr. OF. seu, suif, F. suif, L. sebum. Cf. Soap, Sebaceous.]

Defn: The fat and fatty tissues of an animal, especially the harder fat about the kidneys and loins in beef and mutton, which, when melted and freed from the membranes, forms tallow.

SUETY Su"et*y, a.

Defn: Consisting of, or resembling, suet; as, a suety substance.

SUF- Suf-.

Defn: A form of the prefix Sub-.

SUFFER Suf"fer, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffered; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffering.] Etym: [OE. suffren, soffren, OF. sufrir, sofrir, F. souffrir, (assumed) LL. sofferire, for L. sufferre; sub under + ferre to bear, akin to E. bear. See Bear to support.]

1. To feel, or endure, with pain, annoyance, etc.; to submit to with distress or grief; to undergo; as, to suffer pain of body, or grief of mind.

2. To endure or undergo without sinking; to support; to sustain; to bear up under. Our spirit and strength entire, Strongly to suffer and support our pains. Milton.

3. To undergo; to be affected by; to sustain; to experience; as, most substances suffer a change when long exposed to air and moisture; to suffer loss or damage. If your more ponderous and settled project May suffer alteration. Shak.

4. To allow; to permit; not to forbid or hinder; to tolerate. Thou shalt in any wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not suffer sin upon him. Lev. xix. 17. I suffer them to enter and possess. Milton.

Syn. -- To permit; bear; endure; support; sustain; allow; admit; tolerate. See Permit.

SUFFER Suf"fer, v. i.

1. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind; to bear what is inconvenient; as, we suffer from pain, sickness, or sorrow; we suffer with anxiety. O well for him whose will is strong! He suffers, but he will not suffer long. Tennyson.

2. To undergo punishment; specifically, to undergo the penalty of death. The father was first condemned to suffer upon a day appointed, and the son afterwards the day following. Clarendon.

3. To be injured; to sustain loss or damage. Public business suffers by private infirmities. Sir W. Temple.

SUFFERABLE Suf"fer*a*ble, a. Etym: [Cf. F. souffrable.]

1. Able to suffer or endure; patient. [Obs.] "Ye must be sufferable." Chaucer.

2. That may be suffered, tolerated, or permitted; allowable; tolerable. -- Suf"fer*a*ble*ness, n. -- Suf"fer*a*bly, adv.

SUFFERANCE Suf"fer*ance, n. Etym: [OE. suffrance, OF. sufrance, soufrance, F. souffrance, L. sufferentia, from sufferens, -entis, p.pr. of sufferre. See Suffer.]

1. The state of suffering; the bearing of pain; endurance. He must not only die the death, But thy unkindness shall his death draw out To lingering sufferance. Shak.

2. Pain endured; misery; suffering; distress. The seeming sufferances that you had borne. Shak.

3. Loss; damage; injury. [Obs.] A grievous . . . sufferance on most part of their fleet. Shak.

4. Submission under difficult or oppressive circumstances; patience; moderation. Chaucer. But hasty heat tempering with sufferance wise. Spenser.

5. Negative consent by not forbidding or hindering; toleration; permission; allowance; leave. Shak. In their beginning they are weak and wan, But soon, through sufferance, grow to fearful end. Spenser. Somewhiles by sufferance, and somewhiles by special leave and favor, they erected to themselves oratories. Hooker.

6. A permission granted by the customs authorities for the shipment of goods. [Eng.] Estate of sufferance (Law), the holding by a tenant who came in by a lawful title, but remains, after his right has expired, without positive leave of the owner. Blackstone. -- On sufferance, by mere toleration; as, to remain in a house on sufferance.

Syn. -- Endurance; pain; misery; inconvenience; patience; moderation; toleration; permission.

SUFFERER Suf"fer*er, n.

1. One who suffers; one who endures or undergoes suffering; one who sustains inconvenience or loss; as, sufferers by poverty or sickness; men are sufferers by fire or by losses at sea.

2. One who permits or allows.

SUFFERING Suf"fer*ing, n.

Defn: The bearing of pain, inconvenience, or loss; pain endured; distress, loss, or injury incurred; as, sufferings by pain or sorrow; sufferings by want or by wrongs. "Souls in sufferings tried." Keble.

SUFFERING Suf"fer*ing, a.

Defn: Being in pain or grief; having loss, injury, distress, etc. -- Suf"fer*ing*ly, adv.

SUFFICE Suf*fice", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sufficed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sufficing.] Etym: [OE. suffisen, OF. soufire, F. suffire (cf. suffisant, p.pr.), L. sufficere to put under, to substitute, to avail for, to suffice; sub under + facere to make. See Fact.]

Defn: To be enough, or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be equal to the end proposed; to be adequate. Chaucer. To recount almighty works, What words or tongue of seraph can suffice Milton.

SUFFICE Suf*fice", v. t.

1. To satisfy; to content; to be equal to the wants or demands of. Spenser. Let it suffice thee; speak no more unto me of this matter. Deut. iii. 26.

2. To furnish; to supply adequately. [Obs.] The power appeased, with winds sufficed the sail. Dryden.

SUFFICIENCE Suf*fi"cience, n.

Defn: Sufficiently. [Obs.]

SUFFICIENCY Suf*fi"cien*cy, n. Etym: [L. sufficientia: cf. F. suffisance. See Suffice.]

1. The quality or state of being sufficient, or adequate to the end proposed; adequacy. His sufficiency is such that he bestows and possesses, his plenty being unexhausted. Boyle.

2. Qualification for any purpose; ability; capacity. A substitute or most allowed sufficiency. Shak. I am not so confident of my own sufficiency as not willingly to admit the counsel of others. Eikon Basilike.

3. Adequate substance or means; competence. "An elegant sufficiency." Thomson.

4. Supply equal to wants; ample stock or fund.

5. Conceit; self-confidence; self-sufficiency. Sufficiency is a compound of vanity and ignorance. Sir W. Temple.

SUFFICIENT Suf*fi"cient, a. Etym: [L. sufficiens, -entis, p.pr. of sufficere: cf. F. suffisant. See Suffice.]

1. Equal to the end proposed; adequate to wants; enough; ample; competent; as, provision sufficient for the family; an army sufficient to defend the country. My grace is sufficient for thee. 2 Cor. xii. 9.

2. Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of competent power or ability; qualified; fit. Who is sufficient for these things 2 Cor. ii. 16.

3. Capable of meeting obligations; responsible. The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient . . . I think I may take his bond. Shak.

4. Self-sufficient; self-satisfied; content. [R.] Thou art the most sufficient (I'll say for thee), Not to believe a thing. Beau. & Fl.

Syn. -- Enough; adequate; competent; full; satisfactory; ample.

SUFFICIENTLY Suf*fi"cient*ly, adv.

Defn: To a sufficient degree; to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content; enough; as, we are sufficiently supplied with food; a man sufficiently qualified for the discharge of his official duties.

SUFFICING Suf*fi"cing, a.

Defn: Affording enough; satisfying. -- Suf*fi"cing*ly, adv. -- Suf*fi"cing*ness, n.

SUFFISANCE Suf*fi"sance, n. Etym: [F. See Sufficiency.]

Defn: Sufficiency; plenty; abundance; contentment. [Obs.] He could in little thing have suffisaunce. Chaucer.

SUFFISANT Suf*fi"sant, a.

Defn: Sufficient. [Obs.]

SUFFIX Suf"fix, n. Etym: [L. suffixus, p.p. of suffigere to fasten on, to affix; sub under + figere to fix: cf. F. suffixe. See Fix.]

1. A letter, letters, syllable, or syllables added or appended to the end of a word or a root to modify the meaning; a postfix.

2. (Math.)

Defn: A subscript mark, number, or letter. See Subscript, a.

SUFFIX Suf*fix", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffixed; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffixing.]

Defn: To add or annex to the end, as a letter or syllable to a word; to append.

SUFFIXION Suf*fix"ion, n.

Defn: The act of suffixing, or the state of being suffixed.

SUFFIXMENT Suf*fix"ment, n.

Defn: Suffixion. [R.] Earle.

SUFFLAMINATE Suf*flam"i*nate, v. t. Etym: [L. sufflaminatus, p.p. of sufflaminare to hold back by a clog, from sufflamen a clog.]

1. To retard the motion of, as a carriage, by preventing one or more of its wheels from revolving, either by means of a chain or otherwise. [Obs.]

2. Hence, to stop; to impede. [Obs.] Barrow.

SUFFLATE Suf*flate", v. t. Etym: [L. sufflatus, p.p. of sufflare to blow up, inflate; sub under + flare to blow.]

Defn: To blow up; to inflate; to inspire. [R.] T. Ward.

SUFFLATION Suf*fla"tion, n. Etym: [L. sufflatio.]

Defn: The act of blowing up or inflating. [R.] Coles.

SUFFOCATE Suf"fo*cate, a. Etym: [L. suffocatus, p.p. of suffocare to choke; sub under + fauces the throat. Cf. Faucal.]

Defn: Suffocated; choked. Shak.

SUFFOCATE Suf"fo*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffocated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffocating.]

1. To choke or kill by stopping respiration; to stifle; to smother. Let not hemp his windpipe suffocate. Shak.

2. To destroy; to extinguish; as, to suffocate fire.

SUFFOCATE Suf"fo*cate, v. i.

Defn: To become choked, stifled, or smothered. "A swelling discontent is apt to suffocate and strangle without passage." collier.

SUFFOCATING Suf"fo*ca`ting, a. & n.

Defn: from Suffocate, v. -- Suf"fo*ca`ting*ly, adv.

SUFFOCATION Suf`fo*ca"tion, n. Etym: [L. suffocatio: cf. F. suffocation.]

Defn: The act of suffocating, or the state of being suffocated; death caused by smothering or choking.

Note: The term suffocation is sometimes employed synonymously with asphyxia. In the strict medico-legal sense it signifies asphyxia induced by obstruction of the respiration otherwise than by direct pressure on the neck (hanging, strangulation) or submersion (drowning). Quain.

SUFFOCATIVE Suf"fo*ca*tive, a.

Defn: Tending or able to choke or stifle. "Suffocative catarrhs." Arbuthnot.

SUFFOSSION Suf*fos"sion, n. Etym: [L. suffossio, from suffodere, suffossum, to dig under; sub under + fodere to dig.]

Defn: A digging under; an undermining. [R.] Bp. Hall.

SUFFRAGAN Suf"fra*gan, a. Etym: [F. suffragant, L. suffragans, p.pr. of suffragari to support with one's vote, to be favorable. See Suffrage.]

Defn: Assisting; assistant; as, a suffragan bishop.

SUFFRAGAN Suf"fra*gan, n. Etym: [F. suffragant: cf. LL. suffraganeus. See Suffragan, a.]

1. An assistant.

2. (Eccl.)

Defn: A bishop considered as an assistant, or as subject, to his metropolitan; an assistant bishop.

SUFFRAGANSHIP Suf"fra*gan*ship, n.

Defn: The office of a suffragan.

SUFFRAGANT Suf"fra*gant, a. & n.

Defn: Suffragan. [Obs.]

SUFFRAGATE Suf"fra*gate, v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Suffragated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffragating.] Etym: [L. suffragatus, p.p. of suffragari. See Suffragan, a.]

Defn: To vote or vote with. [Obs.] "Suffragating tribes." Dryden.

SUFFRAGATOR Suf"fra*ga`tor, n. Etym: [L.]

Defn: One who assists or favors by his vote. [Obs.]

SUFFRAGE Suf"frage, n. Etym: [F., fr. L. suffragium; perhaps originally, a broken piece, a potsherd, used in voting, and fr. sub under + the root of frangere to break. See Break.]

1. A vote given in deciding a controverted question, or in the choice of a man for an office or trust; the formal expression of an opinion; assent; vote. I ask your voices and your suffrages. Shak.

2. Testimony; attestation; witness; approval. Lactantius and St. Austin confirm by their suffrage the observation made by heathen writers. Atterbury. Every miracle is the suffrage of Heaven to the truth of a doctrine. South.

3. (Eccl.) (a) A short petition, as those after the creed in matins and evensong. (b) A prayer in general, as one offered for the faithful departed. Shipley. I firmly believe that there is a purgatory, and that the souls therein detained are helped by the suffrages of the faithful. Creed of Pope Pius IV.

4. Aid; assistance. [A Latinism] [Obs.]

Defn: The right to vote; franchise.

SUFFRAGE Suf"frage, v. t.

Defn: To vote for; to elect. [Obs.] Milton.

SUFFRAGETTE Suf*fra*gette, n.

Defn: A woman who advocates the right to vote for women; a woman suffragist.

SUFFRAGINOUS Suf*frag"i*nous, a. Etym: [L. suffraginosus diseased in the hock, fr. suffrago the pastern, or hock.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to the hock of a beast. [Obs.]

SUFFRAGIST Suf"fra*gist, n.

1. One who possesses or exercises the political right of suffrage; a voter.

2. One who has certain opinions or desires about the political right of suffrage; as, a woman suffragist. It is curious that . . . Louisa Castelefort should be obliged after her marriage immediately to open her doors and turn ultra liberal, or an universal suffragist. Miss Edgeworth.

SUFFRAGO Suf*fra"go, n. Etym: [L., the hock, from sub under + frangere to break.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: The heel joint.

SUFFRANCE Suf"france, n.

Defn: Sufferance. [Obs.] Chaucer.

SUFFRUTESCENT Suf`fru*tes"cent, a. Etym: [Pref. suf- + frutescent.] (Bot.)

Defn: Slightly woody at the base.

SUFFRUTICOSE Suf*fru"ti*cose`, a. Etym: [Pref. suf- + fruticose.] (Bot.)

Defn: Woody in the lower part of the stem, but with the yearly branches herbaceous, as sage, thyme, hyssop, and the like.

SUFFRUTICOUS Suf*fru"ti*cous, a.

Defn: Suffruticose.

SUFFUMIGATE Suf*fu"mi*gate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffumigated; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffumigating.] Etym: [L. suffumigatus, p.p. of suffumigare to fumigate from below. See Sub-, and Fumigate.]

Defn: To apply fumes or smoke to the parts of, as to the body in medicine; to fumigate in part.

SUFFUMIGATION Suf*fu`mi*ga"tion, n. Etym: [L. suffumigatio: cf. F. suffumigation.]

Defn: The operation of suffumigating.

SUFFUMIGE Suf*fu"mige, n. Etym: [LL. suffumigium.]

Defn: A medical fume. [Obs.] Harvey.

SUFFUSE Suf*fuse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suffused; p. pr. & vb. n. Suffusing.] Etym: [L. suffusus, p.p. of suffundere to overspread; sub under + fundere to pour. See Fuse to melt.]

Defn: To overspread, as with a fluid or tincture; to fill or cover, as with something fluid; as, eyes suffused with tears; cheeks suffused with blushes. When purple light shall next suffuse the skies. Pope.

SUFFUSION Suf*fu"sion, n. Etym: [L. suffusio: cf. F. suffusion.]

1. The act or process of suffusing, or state of being suffused; an overspreading. To those that have the jaundice, or like suffusion of eyes, objects appear of that color. Ray.

2. That with which a thing is suffused.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A blending of one color into another; the spreading of one color over another, as on the feathers of birds.

SUFI Su"fi, n. Etym: [From the name of a dynasty of Persian kings, Safi, Safavi; said to come from name Safi-ud-din of an ancestor of the family, confused with s pious.]

Defn: A title or surname of the king of Persia.

SUFI Su"fi, n. Etym: [Ar. & Per. s, wise, pious, devout.]

Defn: One of a certain order of religious men in Persia. [Written also sofi.]

SUFISM Su"fism, n.

Defn: A refined mysticism among certain classes of Mohammedans, particularly in Persia, who hold to a kind of pantheism and practice extreme asceticism in their lives. [Written also sofism.]

SUG Sug, n.

Defn: A kind of worm or larva. Walton.

SUGAR Sug"ar, n. Etym: [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. azúcar), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. çarkara sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. Saccharine, Sucrose.]

1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below.

Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See Carbohydrate. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula C6H12O6, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula C12H22O11. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. Sucrose), and they act on polarized light.

2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste.

3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] Acorn sugar. See Quercite. -- Cane sugar, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See Sucrose. -- Diabetes, or Diabetic, sugar (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. -- Fruit sugar. See under Fruit, and Fructose. -- Grape sugar, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See Dextrose, and Glucose. -- Invert sugar. See under Invert. -- Malt sugar, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See Maltose. -- Manna sugar, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See Mannite. -- Milk sugar, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See Lactose. -- Muscle sugar, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also heart sugar. See Inosite. -- Pine sugar. See Pinite. -- Starch sugar (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also potato sugar, corn sugar, and, inaccurately, invert sugar. See Dextrose, and Glucose. -- Sugar barek, one who refines sugar. -- Sugar beet (Bot.), a variety of beet (Beta vulgaris) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. -- Sugar berry (Bot.), the hackberry. -- Sugar bird (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera Coereba, Dacnis, and allied genera belonging to the family Coerebidæ. They are allied to the honey eaters. -- Sugar bush. See Sugar orchard. -- Sugar camp, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. -- Sugar candian, sugar candy. [Obs.] -- Sugar candy, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. -- Sugar cane (Bot.), a tall perennial grass (Saccharum officinarium), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. -- Sugar loaf. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf. Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf J. Webster. -- Sugar maple (Bot.), the rock maple (Acer saccharinum). See Maple. -- Sugar mill, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. -- Sugar mite. (Zoöl.) (a) A small mite (Tyroglyphus sacchari), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. -- Sugar of lead. See Sugar, 2, above. -- Sugar of milk. See under Milk. -- Sugar orchard, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, sugar bush. [U.S.] Bartlett. -- Sugar pine (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree (Pinus Lambertiana) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. -- Sugar squirrel (Zoöl.), an Australian flying phalanger (Belideus sciureus), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under Phlanger. -- Sugar tongs, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. -- Sugar tree. (Bot.) See Sugar maple, above.

SUGAR Sug"ar, v. i.

Defn: In making maple sugar, to complete the process of boiling down the sirup till it is thick enough to crystallize; to approach or reach the state of granulation; -- with the preposition off. [Local, U.S.]

SUGAR Sug"ar, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sugared; p. pr. & vb. n. Sugaring.]

1. To impregnate, season, cover, or sprinkle with sugar; to mix sugar with. "When I sugar my liquor." G. Eliot.

2. To cover with soft words; to disguise by flattery; to compliment; to sweeten; as, to sugar reproof. With devotion's visage And pious action we do sugar o'er The devil himself. Shak.

SUGARED Sug"ared, a.

Defn: Sweetened. "The sugared liquor." Spenser.

Defn: Also used figuratively; as, sugared kisses.

SUGAR-HOUSE Sug"ar-house`, n.

Defn: A building in which sugar is made or refined; a sugar manufactory.

SUGARINESS Sug"ar*i*ness, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being sugary, or sweet.

SUGARING Sug"ar*ing, n.

1. The act of covering or sweetening with sugar; also, the sugar thus used.

2. The act or process of making sugar.

SUGARLESS Sug"ar*less, a.

Defn: Without sugar; free from sugar.

SUGARPLUM Sug"ar*plum`, n.

Defn: A kind of candy or sweetneat made up in small balls or disks.

SUGARY Sug"ar*y, a.

1. Resembling or containing sugar; tasting of sugar; sweet. Spenser.

2. Fond of sugar or sweet things; as, a sugary palate.

SUGESCENT Su*ges"cent, a. Etym: [L. sugere to suck.]

Defn: Of or pertaining to sucking. [R.] Paley.

SUGGEST Sug*gest", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suggested; p. pr. & vb. n. Suggesting.] Etym: [L. suggestus, p.p. of suggerere to put under, furnish, suggest; sub under + gerere to carry, to bring. See Jest.]

1. To introduce indirectly to the thoughts; to cause to be thought of, usually by the agency of other objects. Some ideas . . . are suggested to the mind by all the ways of sensation and reflection. Locke.

2. To propose with difference or modesty; to hint; to intimate; as, to suggest a difficulty.

3. To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt. [Obs.] Knowing that tender youth is soon suggested. Shak.

4. To inform secretly. [Obs.]

Syn. -- To hint; allude to; refer to; insinuate.

SUGGEST Sug*gest", v. i.

Defn: To make suggestions; to tempt. [Obs.] And ever weaker grows through acted crime, Or seeming-genial, venial fault, Recurring and suggesting still. Tennyson.

SUGGESTER Sug*gest"er, n.

Defn: One who suggests. Beau. & Fl.

SUGGESTION Sug*ges"tion, n. Etym: [F. suggestion, L. suggestio.]

1. The act of suggesting; presentation of an idea.

2. That which is suggested; an intimation; an insinuation; a hint; a different proposal or mention; also, formerly, a secret incitement; temptation. Why do I yield to that suggestion Shak.

3. Charge; complaint; accusation. [Obs.] "A false suggestion." Chaucer.

4. (Law)

Defn: Information without oath; an entry of a material fact or circumstance on the record for the information of the court, at the death or insolvency of a party.

5. (Physiol. & Metaph.)

Defn: The act or power of originating or recalling ideas or relations, distinguished as original and relative; -- a term much used by Scottish metaphysicians from Hutcherson to Thomas Brown.

Syn. -- Hint; allusion; intimation; insinuation. -- Suggestion, Hint. A hint is the briefest or most indirect mode of calling one's attention to a subject. A suggestion is a putting of something before the mind for consideration, an indirect or guarded mode of presenting argument or advice. A hint is usually something slight or covert, and may by merely negative in its character. A suggestion is ordinarily intended to furnish us with some practical assistance or direction. "He gave me a hint of my danger, and added some suggestions as to the means of avoiding it." Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike, Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike. Pope. Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night On your suggestion. Shak.

SUGGESTIVE Sug*gest"ive, a.

Defn: Containing a suggestion, hint, or intimation. -- Sug*gest"ive*ly, adv. -- Sug*gest"ive*ness, n.

SUGGESTIVE MEDICINE Sug*gest"ive med"i*cine.

Defn: Treatment by commands or positive statements addressed to a more or less hypnotized patient.

SUGGESTMENT Sug*gest"ment, n.

Defn: Suggestion. [R.] They fancy that every thought must needs have an immediate outward suggestment. Hare.

SUGGESTRESS Sug*gest"ress, n.

Defn: A woman who suggests. "The suggestress of suicides." De Quincey.

SUGGIL Sug"gil, v. t. Etym: [L. suggillare, sugillare, suggillatum, sugillatum, literally, to beat black and blue.]

Defn: To defame. [Obs.] Abp. Parker.

SUGGILLATE Sug"gil*late, v. t. Etym: [See Suggil.]

Defn: To beat livid, or black and blue. Wiseman.

SUGGILLATION Sug`gil*la"tion, n. Etym: [L. suggillatio: cf. F. suggillation.]

Defn: A livid, or black and blue, mark; a blow; a bruise.

SUICIDAL Su"i*ci`dal, a.

Defn: Partaking of, or of the nature of, the crime or suicide. -- Su"i*ci`dal*ly, adv.

SUICIDE Su"i*cide, n. Etym: [L. sui of one's self (akin to suus one's own) + caedere to slay, to kill. Cf. So, adv., Homicide.]

1. The act of taking one's own life voluntary and intentionally; self-murder; specifically (Law), the felonious killing of one's self; the deliberate and intentional destruction of one's own life by a person of years of discretion and of sound mind.

2. One guilty of self-murder; a felo-de-se.

3. Ruin of one's own interests. "Intestine war, which may be justly called political suicide." V. Knox.

SUICIDICAL Su`i*cid"i*cal, a.

Defn: Suicidal. [Obs.]

SUICIDISM Su"i*ci*dism, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being suicidal, or self-murdering. [R.]

SUICISM Su"i*cism, n. Etym: [L. suus one's own.]

Defn: Selfishness; egoism. [R.] Whitlock.

SUI GENERIS Su"i gen"e*ris. Etym: [L.]

Defn: Of his or its own kind.

SUILLAGE Su"il*lage, n. Etym: [OF. souillage, soillage, fr. souiller, soiller. See Soil to stain, and cf. Sullage.]

Defn: A drain or collection of filth. [Obs.] [Written also sulliage, and sullage.] Sir H. Wotton.

SUILLINE Su"il*line, a. Etym: [L. sus hog.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a hog or the Hog family (Suidæ).

SUINE Su"ine, n. Etym: [Cf. Suint.]

Defn: A mixture of oleomargarine with lard or other fatty ingredients. It is used as a substitute for butter. See Butterine.

SUING Su"ing, n. Etym: [Cf. F. suer to sweat, L. sudare.]

Defn: The process of soaking through anything. [Obs.] Bacon.

SUINGLY Su"ing*ly, adv. Etym: [See Sue to follow.]

Defn: In succession; afterwards. [Obs.] Sir T. More.

SUINT Su"int, n. Etym: [F.] (Chem.)

Defn: A peculiar substance obtained from the wool of sheep, consisting largely of potash mixed with fatty and earthy matters. It is used as a source of potash and also for the manufacture of gas.

SUIOGOTHS Su`i*o*goths", n. pl. Etym: [L. Suiones (a Teutonic tribe in what is now Sweeden) + E. Goth.]

Defn: The Scandinavian Goths. See the Note under Goths.

SUIST Su"ist, n. Etym: [L. suus belinging to himself or to one's self.]

Defn: One who seeks for things which gratify merely himself; a selfish person; a selfist. [R.] Whitlock.

SUIT Suit, n. Etym: [OE. suite, F. suite, OF. suite, sieute, fr. suivre to follow, OF. sivre; perhaps influenced by L. secta. See Sue to follow, and cf. Sect, Suite.]

1. The act of following or pursuing, as game; pursuit. [Obs.]

2. The act of suing; the process by which one endeavors to gain an end or an object; an attempt to attain a certain result; pursuit; endeavor. Thenceforth the suit of earthly conquest shone. Spenser.

3. The act of wooing in love; the solicitation of a woman in marriage; courtship. Rebate your loves, each rival suit suspend, Till this funereal web my labors end. Pope.

4. (Law)

Defn: The attempt to gain an end by legal process; an action or process for the recovery of a right or claim; legal application to a court for justice; prosecution of right before any tribunal; as, a civil suit; a criminal suit; a suit in chancery. I arrest thee at the suit of Count Orsino. Shak. In England the several suits, or remedial instruments of justice, are distinguished into three kinds -- actions personal, real, and mixed. Blackstone.

5. That which follows as a retinue; a company of attendants or followers; the assembly of persons who attend upon a prince, magistrate, or other person of distinction; -- often written suite, and pronounced swet.

6. Things that follow in a series or succession; the individual objects, collectively considered, which constitute a series, as of rooms, buildings, compositions, etc.; -- often written suite, and pronounced swet.

7. A number of things used together, and generally necessary to be united in order to answer their purpose; a number of things ordinarily classed or used together; a set; as, a suit of curtains; a suit of armor; a suit of clothes. "Two rogues in buckram suits." Shak.

8. (Playing Cards)

Defn: One of the four sets of cards which constitute a pack; -- each set consisting of thirteen cards bearing a particular emblem, as hearts, spades, cubs, or diamonds. To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort Her mingled suits and sequences. Cowper.

9. Regular order; succession. [Obs.] Every five and thirty years the same kind and suit of weather comes again. Bacon. Out of suits, having no correspondence. [Obs.] Shak. -- Suit and service (Feudal Law), the duty of feudatories to attend the courts of their lords or superiors in time of peace, and in war to follow them and do military service; -- called also suit service. Blackstone. -- Suit broker, one who made a trade of obtaining the suits of petitioners at court. [Obs.] -- Suit court (O. Eng. Law), the court in which tenants owe attendance to their lord. -- Suit covenant (O. Eng. Law), a covenant to sue at a certain court. -- Suit custom (Law), a service which is owed from time immemorial. -- Suit service. (Feudal Law) See Suit and service, above. -- To bring suit. (Law) (a) To bring secta, followers or witnesses, to prove the plaintiff's demand. [Obs.] (b) In modern usage, to institute an action. -- To follow suit. (Card Playing) See under Follow, v. t.

SUIT Suit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Suited; p. pr. & vb. n. Suiting.]

1. To fit; to adapt; to make proper or suitable; as, to suit the action to the word. Shak.

2. To be fitted to; to accord with; to become; to befit. Ill suits his cloth the praise of railing well. Dryden. Raise her notes to that sublime degree Which suits song of piety and thee. Prior.

3. To dress; to clothe. [Obs.] So went he suited to his watery tomb. Shak.

4. To please; to make content; as, he is well suited with his place; to suit one's taste.

SUIT Suit, v. i.

Defn: To agree; to accord; to be fitted; to correspond; -- usually followed by with or to. The place itself was suiting to his care. Dryden. Give me not an office That suits with me so ill. Addison.

Syn. -- To agree; accord; comport; tally; correspond; match; answer.

SUITABILITY Suit`a*bil"i*ty, n.

Defn: The quality or state of being suitable; suitableness.

SUITABLE Suit"a*ble, a.

Defn: Capable of suiting; fitting; accordant; proper; becoming; agreeable; adapted; as, ornaments suitable to one's station; language suitable for the subject. -- Suit"a*ble*ness, n. -- Suit"a*bly, adv.

Syn. -- Proper; fitting; becoming; accordant; agreeable; competent; correspondent; compatible; consonant; congruous; consistent.

SUITE Suite, n. Etym: [F. See Suit, n.]

1. A retinue or company of attendants, as of a distinguished personage; as, the suite of an ambassador. See Suit, n., 5.

2. A connected series or succession of objects; a number of things used or clessed together; a set; as, a suite of rooms; a suite of minerals. See Suit, n., 6. Mr. Barnard took one of the candles that stood upon the king's table, and lighted his majesty through a suite of rooms till they came to a private door into the library. Boswell.

3. (Mus.)

Defn: One of the old musical forms, before the time of the more compact sonata, consisting of a string or series of pieces all in the same key, mostly in various dance rhythms, with sometimes an elaborate prelude. Some composers of the present day affect the suite form.

SUITING Suit"ing, n.

Defn: Among tailors, cloth suitable for making entire suits of clothes.

SUITOR Suit"or, n.

1. One who sues, petitions, or entreats; a petitioner; an applicant. She hath been a suitor to me for her brother. Shak.

2. Especially, one who solicits a woman in marriage; a wooer; a lover. Sir P. Sidney.

3. (a) (Law) One who sues or prosecutes a demand in court; a party to a suit, as a plaintiff, petitioner, etc. (b) (O. Eng. Law) One who attends a court as plaintiff, defendant, petitioner, appellant, witness, juror, or the like.

SUITRESS Suit"ress, n.

Defn: A female supplicant. Rowe.

SUJI Su"ji, n. Etym: [Hind. s.]

Defn: Indian wheat, granulated but not pulverized; a kind of semolina. [Written also soojee.]

SULA Su"la, n. Etym: [NL., fr. Icel. s the gannet. See Solan goose.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A genus of sea birds including the booby and the common gannet.

SULCATE; SULCATED Sul"cate, Sul"ca*ted, a. Etym: [L. sulcatus, p.p. of sulcare to furrow, fr. sulcus a furrow.]

Defn: Scored with deep and regular furrows; furrowed or grooved; as, a sulcated stem.

SULCATION Sul*ca"tion, n.

Defn: A channel or furrow.

SULCIFORM Sul"ci*form, a.

Defn: Having the form of a sulcus; as, sulciform markings.

SULCUS Sul"cus, n.; pl. Sulci. Etym: [L., a furrow.]

Defn: A furrow; a groove; a fissure.

SULEAH FISH Su"le*ah fish`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A coarse fish of India, used in making a breakfast relish called burtah.

SULK Sulk, n. Etym: [L. sulcus.]

Defn: A furrow. [Obs.]

SULK Sulk, v. i. Etym: [See Sulkiness.]

Defn: To be silently sullen; to be morose or obstinate. T. Hook.

SULKER Sulk"er, n.

Defn: One who sulks.

SULKILY Sulk"i*ly, adv.

Defn: In a sulky manner.

SULKINESS Sulk"i*ness, n. Etym: [For sulkenness, fr. AS. solcen slothful, remiss, in asolcen, besolcen, properly p.p. of sealcan in asealcan to be weak or slothful; of uncertain origin.]

Defn: The quality or state of being sulky; sullenness; moroseness; as, sulkiness of disposition.

SULKS Sulks, n. pl.

Defn: The condition of being sulky; a sulky mood or humor; as, to be in the sulks.

SULKY Sulk"y, a. [Compar. Sulkier; superl. Sulkiest.] Etym: [See Sulkiness, and cf. Sulky, n.]

Defn: Moodly silent; sullen; sour; obstinate; morose; splenetic.

Syn. -- See Sullen.

SULKY Sulk"y, n.; pl. Sulkies. Etym: [From Sulky, a.; -- so called from the owner's desire of riding alone.]

Defn: A light two-wheeled carriage for a single person.

Note: Sulky is used adjectively in the names of several agricultural machines drawn by horses to denote that the machine is provided with wheels and a seat for the driver; as, sulky plow; sulky harrow; sulky rake, etc.

SULL Sull, n. Etym: [AS. suluh, sulh, a plow; cf. OHG. suohili a little plow.]

Defn: A plow. [Obs.] Ainsworth.

SULLAGE Sul"lage, n. Etym: [Cf. Suillage, Sulliage.]

1. Drainage of filth; filth collected from the street or highway; sewage. [Obs.] The streets were exceedingly large, well paved, having many vaults and conveyances under them for sullage. Evelyn.

2. That which sullies or defiles. [Obs.] It is the privilege of the celestial luminaries to receive no tincture, sullage, or difilement from the most noisome sinks and dunghills here below. South.

3. (Founding)

Defn: The scoria on the surface of molten metal in the ladle.

4. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: Silt; mud deposited by water. Sullage piece (Founding), the sprue of a casting. See Sprue, n., 1 (b).

SULLEN Sul"len, a. Etym: [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]

1. Lonely; solitary; desolate. [Obs.] Wyclif (Job iii. 14).

2. Gloomy; dismal; foreboding. Milton. Solemn hymns so sullen dirges change. Shak.

3. Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious. Such sullen planets at my birth did shine. Dryden.

4. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; affected with ill humor; morose. And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast. Prior.

5. Obstinate; intractable. Things are as sullen as we are. Tillotson.

6. Heavy; dull; sluggish. "The larger stream was placid, and even sullen, in its course." Sir W. Scott.

Syn. -- Sulky; sour; cross; ill-natured; morose; peevish; fretful; ill- humored; petulant; gloomy; malign; intractable. -- Sullen, Sulky. Both sullen and sulky show themselves in the demeanor. Sullenness seems to be an habitual sulkiness, and sulkiness a temporary sullenness. The former may be an innate disposition; the latter, a disposition occasioned by recent injury. Thus we are in a sullen mood, and in a sulky fit. No cheerful breeze this sullen region knows; The dreaded east is all the wind that blows. Pope. -- Sul"len*ly, adv. -- Sul"len*ness, n.

SULLEN Sul"len, n.

1. One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

2. pl.

Defn: Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness; as, to have the sullens. [Obs.] Shak.

SULLEN Sul"len, v. t.

Defn: To make sullen or sluggish. [Obs.] Sullens the whole body with . . . laziness. Feltham.

SULLEVATE Sul"le*vate, v. t. Etym: [L. sublevare to raise up. Cf. Sublevation.]

Defn: To rouse; to excite. [Obs.] Daniel.

SULLIAGE Sul"li*age, n. Etym: [Cf. Sullage, Suillage, or Sully, v. t.]

Defn: Foulness; filth. [Obs.] Though we wipe away with never so much care the dirt thrown at us, there will be left some sulliage behind. Gov. of Tongue.

SULLY Sul"ly, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sullied; p. pr. & vb. n. Sullying.] Etym: [OE. sulien, AS. sylian, fr. sol mire; akin to G. suhle mire, sich, sühlen to wallow, Sw. söla to bemire, Dan. söle, Goth. bisaulijan to defile.]

Defn: To soil; to dirty; to spot; to tarnish; to stain; to darken; -- used literally and figuratively; as, to sully a sword; to sully a person's reputation. Statues sullied yet with sacrilegious smoke. Roscommon. No spots to sully the brightness of this solemnity. Atterbury.

SULLY Sul"ly, v. i.

Defn: To become soiled or tarnished. Silvering will sully and canker more than gilding. Bacon.

SULLY Sul"ly, n.; pl. Sullies (.

Defn: Soil; tarnish; stain. A noble and triumphant merit breaks through little spots and sullies in his reputation. Spectator.

SULPHACID Sulph*ac"id, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + acid.] (Chem.)

Defn: An acid in which, to a greater or less extent, sulphur plays a part analogous to that of oxygen in an oxyacid; thus, thiosulphuric and sulpharsenic acids are sulphacids; -- called also sulphoacid. See the Note under Acid, n., 2.

SULPHAMATE Sulph*am"ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphamic acid.

SULPHAMIC Sulph*am"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of or pertaining to a sulphamide; derived from, or related to, a sulphamide; specifically, designating an amido acid derivative, NH2.SO2.OH, of sulphuric acid (analogous to sulphonic acid) which is not known in the free state, but is known in its salts.

SULPHAMIDE Sulph*am"ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of amido compounds obtained by treating sulphuryl chloride with various amines.

SULPHANILIC Sulph`a*nil"ic, a. Etym: [From sulphuric + anilene.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anilene sulphonic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance.

SULPHANTIMONATE Sulph*an`ti*mo"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphantimonic acid.

SULPHANTIMONIC Sulph*an`ti*mon"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + antimonic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also thioantimonic acid) analogous to sulpharsenic acid.

SULPHANTIMONIOUS Sulph*an`ti*mo"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of antimony (called also thioantimonious acid) analogous to sulpharsenious acid.

SULPHANTIMONITE Sulph*an"ti*mo*nite`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphantimonious acid.

SULPHARSENATE Sulph*ar"se*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulpharsenic acid.

SULPHARSENIC Sulph`ar*sen"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + arsenic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid (called also thioarsenic acid) analogous to arsenic acid, and known only in its salts.

SULPHARSENIOUS Sulph`ar*se"ni*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid (called also thioarsenious acid) analogous to arsenious acid, and known only in its salts.

SULPHARSENITE Sulph*ar"se*nite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulpharsenious acid.

SULPHATE Sul"phate, n. Etym: [NL. sulphas, sulphatis, fr. L. sulphur, sulfur, brimstone, sulphur: cf. F. sulfate.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphuric acid.

SULPHATIC Sul*phat"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, resembling, or containing, a sulphate or sulphates.

SULPHATO- Sul"pha*to-. (Chem.)

Defn: A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting a sulphate as an ingredient in certain double salts; as, sulphato-carbonate. [R.]

SULPHAURATE Sulph*au"rate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphauric acid.

SULPHAURIC Sulph*au"ric, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + aurum.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of gold (aurum), known only in its salts.

SULPHIDE Sul"phide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of sulphur, or one so regarded; -- formerly called sulphuret. Double sulphide (Chem.), a compound of two sulphides. -- Hydrogen sulphide. (Chem.) See under Hydrogen. -- Metallic sulphide, a binary compound of sulphur with a metal.

SULPHINATE Sul"phi*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of a sulphinic acid.

SULPHINDIGOTIC Sulph*in`di*got"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphonic acid obtained, as a blue solution, by dissolving indigo in sulphuric acid; -- formerly called also cerulic sulphuric acid, but properly called indigo-disulphonic acid.

SULPHINE Sul"phine, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of basic compounds which consist essentially of sulphur united with hydrocarbon radicals. In general they are oily or crystalline deliquescent substances having a peculiar odor; as, trimethyl sulphine, (CH3)3S.OH. Cf. Sulphonium.

SULPHINIC Sul*phin"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, any one of a series of acids regarded as acid ethereal salts of hyposulphurous acid; as, methyl sulphinic acid, CH3.SO.OH, a thick unstable liquid.

SULPHINIDE Sul"phi*nide, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + amine + anhydride.] (Chem.)

Defn: A white or yellowish crystalline substance, C6H4.(SO2.CO).NH, produced artificially by the oxidation of a sulphamic derivative of toluene. It is the sweetest substance known, having over two hundred times the sweetening power of sugar, and is known in commerce under the name of saccharine. It has acid properties and forms salts (which are inaccurately called saccharinates). I. Remsen.

SULPHION Sul"phi*on, n. Etym: [Sulpho- + ion.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical, SO4, regarded as forming the acid or negative constituent of sulphuric acid and the sulphates in electrolytic decomposition; -- so called in accordance with the binary theory of salts. [Written also sulphione.]

SULPHIONIDE Sulph*i"on*ide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A binary compound of sulphion, or one so regarded; thus, sulphuric acid, Hsulphionide.

SULPHITE Sul"phite, n. Etym: [Cf. F. sulfite. See Sulphur.] (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphurous acid.

SULPHO- Sul"pho-. (Chem.)

Defn: A prefix (also used adjectively) designating sulphur as an ingredient in certain compounds. Cf. Thio-.

SULPHOARSENIC Sul`pho*ar*sen"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or containing, sulphur and arsenic; -- said of an acid which is the same as arsenic acid with the substitution of sulphur for oxygen.

SULPHOCARBONATE Sul`pho*car"bon*ate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphocarbonic acid; a thiocarbonate.

SULPHOCARBONIC Sul`pho*car*bon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid, H2CSO2 (called also thiocarbonic acid), or an acid, H2CS3, analogous to carbonic acid, obtained as a yellow oily liquid of a pungent odor, and forming salts.

SULPHOCYANATE Sul`pho*cy"a*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphocyanic acid; -- also called thiocyanate, and formerly inaccurately sulphocyanide. Ferric sulphocyanate (Chem.), a dark red crystalline substance usually obtained in a blood-red solution, and recognized as a test for ferric iron.

SULPHOCYANIC Sul`pho*cy*an"ic, a. Etym: [See Sulphur, Cyanic.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, derived from, or designating, a sulphacid, HSCN, analogous to cyanic acid, and obtained as a colorless deliquescent crystalline substance, having a bitter saline taste, and not poisonous.

SULPHOCYANIDE Sul`pho*cy"a*nide, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Sulphocyanate.

SULPHOCYANOGEN Sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen, n. (Chem.)

Defn: See Persulphocyanogen. [Obs.]

SULPHONAL Sul"pho*nal, n. (Med.)

Defn: A substance employed as a hypnotic, produced by the union of mercaptan and acetone.

SULPHONATE Sul"pho*nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphonic acid.

SULPHONE Sul"phone, n. (Chem.)

Defn: Any one of a series of compounds analogous to the ketones, and consisting of the sulphuryl group united with two hydrocarbon radicals; as, dimethyl sulphone, (CH.SO

SULPHONIC Sul*phon"ic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Pertaining to, or derived from, a sulphone; -- used specifically to designate any one of a series of acids (regarded as acid ethereal salts of sulphurous acid) obtained by the oxidation of the mercaptans, or by treating sulphuric acid with certain aromatic bases (as benzene); as, phenyl sulphonic acid, C6H5.SO2.OH, a stable colorless crystalline substance. Sulphonic group (Chem.), the hypothetical radical, SO2.OH, the characteristic residue of sulphonic acids.

SULPHONIUM Sul*pho"ni*um, n. Etym: [Sulphur + ammonium.] (Chem.)

Defn: A hypothetical radical, SH3, regarded as the type and nucleus of the sulphines.

SULPHOPHOSPHATE Sul`pho*phos"phate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphophosphoric acid.

SULPHOPHOSPHITE Sul`pho*phos"phite, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphophosphorous acid.

SULPHOPHOSPHORIC Sul`pho*phos*phor"ic, a.

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical sulphacid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphoric acid, and known in its salts.

SULPHOPHOSPHOROUS Sul`pho*phos"phor*ous, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a hypothetical acid of phosphorus, analogous to phosphorous acid, and known in its salts.

SULPHOSALT Sul"pho*salt`, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of a sulphacid.

SULPHOSTANNATE Sul`pho*stan"nate, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphostannic acid.

SULPHOSTANNIC Sul`pho*stan"nic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, a sulphacid of tin (more exactly called metasulphostannic acid), which is obtained as a dark brown amorphous substance, H

SULPHOTUNGSTATE Sul`pho*tung"state, n. (Chem.)

Defn: A salt of sulphotungstic acid.

SULPHOTUNGSTIC Sul`pho*tung"stic, a. (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, or designating, hypothetical sulphacid of tungsten (called also sulphowolframic acid), analogous to sulphuric acid, and known in its salts.

SULPHOVINIC Sul`pho*vin"ic, a. Etym: [Sulpho- + vinum wine: cf. F. sulfovinique.] (Chem.)

Defn: Of, pertaining to, and formerly designating, ethylsulphuric acid.

SULPHUR Sul"phur, n. Etym: [L., better sulfur: cf. F. soufre.]

1. (Chem.)

Defn: A nonmetallic element occurring naturally in large quantities, either combined as in the sulphides (as pyrites) and sulphates (as gypsum), or native in volcanic regions, in vast beds mixed with gypsum and various earthy materials, from which it is melted out. Symbol S. Atomic weight 32. The specific gravity of ordinary octohedral sulphur is 2.05; of prismatic sulphur, 1.96.