Chapter I: W. W (2)

1. To give forth a rudely quivering or tremulous sound; to sound harshly or discordantly; as, the notes jarred on my ears. When such strings jar, what hope of harmony Shak. A string may jar in the best master's hand. Roscommon.

2. To act in opposition or disagreement; to clash; to interfere; to quarrel; to dispute. When those renowned noble peers Greece Through stubborn pride among themselves did jar. Spenser. For orders and degrees Jar not with liberty, but well consist. Milton.

JAR Jar, v. t.

1. To cause a short, tremulous motion of, to cause to tremble, as by a sudden shock or blow; to shake; to shock; as, to jar the earth; to jar one's faith.

2. To tick; to beat; to mark or tell off. [Obs.] My thoughts are minutes, and with sighs they jar Their watches on unto mine eyes. Shak.

JAR Jar, n.

1. A rattling, tremulous vibration or shock; a shake; a harsh sound; a discord; as, the jar of a train; the jar of harsh sounds.

2. Clash of interest or opinions; collision; discord; debate; slight disagreement. And yet his peace is but continual jar. Spenser. Cease, cease these jars, and rest your minds in peace. Shak.

3. A regular vibration, as of a pendulum. I love thee not a jar of the clock. Shak.

4. pl.

Defn: In deep well boring, a device resembling two long chain links, for connecting a percussion drill to the rod or rope which works it, so that the drill is driven down by impact and is jerked loose when jammed.

JARARACA Jar`a*ra"ca, n. Etym: [Pg., from the native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A poisonous serpent of Brazil (Bothrops jararaca), about eighteen inches long, and of a dusky, brownish color, variegated with red and black spots.

JARBLE Jar"ble, v. t.

Defn: To wet; to bemire. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

JARDINIERE Jar`di`nière", n. Etym: [F., fem. of jardinier gardener. See Garden.]

Defn: An ornamental stand or receptacle for plants, flowers, etc., used as a piece of decorative furniture in room.

JARDS Jards, n. Etym: [F. jarde, jardon.] (Far.)

Defn: A callous tumor on the leg of a horse, below the hock.

JARGLE Jar"gle, v. i. Etym: [Cf. OSw. jerga to repeat angrily, to brawl, Icel. jarg tedious iteration, F. jargonner to talk jargon. See Jargon gabble.]

Defn: To emit a harsh or discordant sound. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

JARGON Jar"gon, n. Etym: [F. jargon, OF. also gargon, perh. akin to E. garrulous, or gargle.]

Defn: Confused, unintelligible language; gibberish; hence, an artificial idiom or dialect; cant language; slang. "A barbarous jargon." Macaulay. "All jargon of the schools." Prior. The jargon which serves the traffickers. Johnson.

JARGON Jar"gon, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jargon; p. pr. & vb. n. Jargoning.]

Defn: To utter jargon; to emit confused or unintelligible sounds; to talk unintelligibly, or in a harsh and noisy manner. The noisy jay, Jargoning like a foreigner at his food. Longfellow.

JARGON Jar"gon, n. Etym: [E.jargon, It. jiargone; perh. fr. Pers. zarg gold- colored, fr. zar gold. Cf. Zircon.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of zircon. See Zircon.

JARGONELLE Jar`go*nelle", n. Etym: [F. jargonelle a very gritty variety of pear. See Jargon zircon.]

Defn: A variety of pear which ripens early.

JARGONIC Jar*gon"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the mineral jargon.

JARGONIST Jar"gon*ist, n.

Defn: One addicted to jargon; one who uses cant or slang. Macaulay.

JARL Jarl, n. Etym: [Icel., nobleman, chief. See Earl.]

Defn: A chief; an earl; in English history, one of the leaders in the Danish and Norse invasions. Longfellow.

JARNUT Jar"nut`, n. Etym: [Of Scand. origin: cf. Dan. jordnöd.] (Bot.)

Defn: An earthnut. Dr. Prior.

JAROSITE Ja*ro"site, n. Etym: [From Barranco Jaroso, in Spain.] (Min.)

Defn: An ocher-yellow mineral occurring on minute rhombohedral crystals. It is a hydrous sulphate of iron and potash.

JAR-OWL Jar"-owl`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The goatsucker.

JARRAH Jar"rah, n.

Defn: The mahoganylike wood of the Australian Eucalyptus marginata. See Eucalyptus.

JARRING Jar"ring, a. Etym: [See Jar.]

Defn: Shaking; disturbing; discordant. "A jarring sound." Dryden.

JARRING Jar"ring n.

1. A shaking; a tremulous motion; as, the jarring of a steamship, caused by its engines.

2. Discord; a clashing of interests. "Endless jarrings and immortal hate." Dryden.

JARRINGLY Jar"ring*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jarring or discordant manner.

JARVEY; JARVY Jar"vey, Jar"vy, n.

1. The driver of a hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.] Carlyle.

2. A hackney coach. [Slang, Eng.] The litter at the bottom of the jarvy. T. Hook.

JASEY Ja"sey, n.

Defn: A wig; -- so called, perhaps, from being made of, or resembling, Jersey yarn. Thackeray.

JASHAWK Jas"hawk`, n. Etym: [A corruption of eyas hawk.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A young hawk. Booth.

JASMINE Jas"mine, n. Etym: [F. jasmin, Sp. jazmin, Ar. yasmin, Pers. yasmin; cf. It. gesmino, gelsomino. Cf. Jessamine.] (Bot.)

Defn: A shrubby plant of the genus Jasminum, bearing flowers of a peculiarly fragrant odor. The J. officinale, common in the south of Europe, bears white flowers. The Arabian jasmine is J. Sambac, and, with J. angustifolia, comes from the East Indies. The yellow false jasmine in the Gelseminum sempervirens (see Gelsemium). Several other plants are called jasmine in the West Indies, as species of Calotropis and Faramea. [Written also jessamine.] Cape jasmine, or Cape jessamine, the Gardenia florida, a shrub with fragrant white flowers, a native of China, and hardy in the Southern United States.

JASP Jasp, n.

Defn: Jasper. [Obs.] Spenser.

JASPACHATE Jas"pa*chate, n. Etym: [L. iaspachates, Gr. (Min.)

Defn: Agate jasper. [Obs.]

JASPE Ja`spé", a. [F., p.p. of jasper to mottle. See Jasper.] (Ceramics)

Defn: Having the surface decorated with cloudings and streaks, somewhat as if imitating jasper.

JASPER Jas"per, n. Etym: [OE. jaspre, jaspe, OF. jaspre, jaspe, F. jaspe, L. iaspis, Gr. yashp, yashf, Ar.yashb, yasb, yasf, Heb. yashpheh. Cf. Diaper.] (Min.)

Defn: An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking with a smooth surface. It admits of a high polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff boxes, etc. When the colors are in stripes or bands, it is called striped or banded jasper. The Egyptian pebble is a brownish yellow jasper. Jasper opal, a yellow variety of opal resembling jasper. -- Jasper ware, a delicate kind of earthenware invented by Josiah Wedgwood. It is usually white, but is capable of receiving color.

JASPERATED Jas"per*a`ted, a.

Defn: mixed with jasper; containing particles of jasper; as, jasperated agate.

JASPERIZE Jas"per*ize, v. t. Etym: [Usually p. p. Jasperized (

Defn: To convert into, or make to resemble, jasper. Polished specimens of jasperized and agatized woods. Pop. Sci. Monthly.

JASPERY Jas"per*y, a.

Defn: Of the nature of jasper; mixed with jasper.

JASPIDEAN; JASPIDEOUS Jas*pid"e*an, Jas*pid"e*ous, a. Etym: [L. iaspideus. See Jasper.]

Defn: Consisting of jasper, or containing jasper; jaspery; jasperlike.

JASPILITE Jas"pi*lite, n. Etym: [Jasper + -lite.] (Min.)

Defn: A compact siliceous rock resembling jasper.

JASPOID Jas"poid, a. Etym: [F. jaspoïde; jaspe jasper + Gr.

Defn: Resembling jasper. [R.]

JASPONYX Jasp`o"nyx, n. Etym: [L. iasponyx, Gr. . See Jasper, and Onyx.] (min.)

Defn: An onyx, part or all of whose layers consist of jasper.

JATROPHIC Ja*troph"ic, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to physic nuts, the seeds of plants of the genus Jatropha.

JAUNCE Jaunce, v. i. Etym: [OF. jancer. Cf. Jounce, Jaunt.]

Defn: To ride hard; to jounce. [Obs.] Spurr'd, galled and tired by jauncing Bolingbroke. Shak.

JAUNDICE Jaun"dice, n. Etym: [OE. jaunis, F. jaunisse, fr. jaune yellow, orig. jalne, fr. L. galbinus yellowish, fr. galbus yellow.] (Med.)

Defn: A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine, whiteness of the fæces, constipation, uneasiness in the region of the stomach, loss of appetite, and general languor and lassitude. It is caused usually by obstruction of the biliary passages and consequent damming up, in the liver, of the bile, which is then absorbed into the blood. Blue jaundice. See Cyanopathy.

JAUNDICE Jaun"dice, v. t.

Defn: To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to prejudice. The envy of wealth jaundiced his soul. Ld. Lytton.

JAUNDICED Jaun"diced, a.

1. affected with jaundice. Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow. Bp. Hall.

2. Prejudiced; envious; as, a jaundiced judgment.

JAUNT Jaunt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jaunted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jaunting.] Etym: [Cf. Scot. jaunder to ramble, jaunt to taunt, jeer, dial. Sw. ganta to play the buffoon, romp, jest; perh. akin to E. jump. Cf. Jaunce.]

1. To ramble here and there; to stroll; to make an excursion.

2. To ride on a jaunting car. Jaunting car, a kind of low-set open vehicle, used in Ireland, in which the passengers ride sidewise, sitting back to back. [Written also jaunty car.] Thackeray.

JAUNT Jaunt, v. t.

Defn: To jolt; to jounce. [Obs.] Bale.

JAUNT Jaunt, n.

1. A wearisome journey. [R.] Our Savior, meek, and with untroubled mind After his aëry jaunt, though hurried sore. Hungry and cold, betook him to his rest. Milton.

2. A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short journey.

JAUNTILY Jaun"ti*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jaunty manner.

JAUNTINESS Jaun"ti*ness, n.

Defn: The quality of being jaunty. That jauntiness of air I was once master of. Addison.

JAUNTY Jaun"ty, a. [Compar. Jauntier; superl. Jauntiest.] Etym: [Formerly spelt janty, fr. F. gentil. See Gentle, and cf. Genty.]

Defn: Airy; showy; finical; hence, characterized by an affected or fantastical manner.

JAVA Ja"va, n.

1. One of the islands of the Malay Archipelago belonging to the Netherlands.

2. Java coffee, a kind of coffee brought from Java. Java cat (Zoöl.), the musang. -- Java sparrow (Zoöl.), a species of finch (Padda oryzivora), native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird; -- called also ricebird, and paddy bird. In the male the upper parts are glaucous gray, the head and tail black, the under parts delicate rose, and the cheeks white. The bill is large and red. A white variety is also kept as a cage bird.

JAVANESE Jav`a*nese", a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to Java, or to the people of Java. -- n. sing. & pl.

Defn: A native or natives of Java.

JAVEL Jav"el, n.

Defn: A vagabond. [Obs.] Spenser.

JAVELIN Jave"lin, n. Etym: [F. javeline; akin to Sp. jabalina, It. giavelina, and F. javelot, OF. gavlot. Cf. Gavelock.]

Defn: A sort of light spear, to be thrown or cast by thew hand; anciently, a weapon of war used by horsemen and foot soldiers; now used chiefly in hunting the wild boar and other fierce game. Flies the javelin swifter to its mark, Launched by the vigor of a Roman arm Addison.

JAVELIN Jave"lin, v. t.

Defn: To pierce with a javelin. [R.] Tennyson.

JAVELINIER Jave`lin*ier", n.

Defn: A soldier armed with a javelin. Holland.

JAW Jaw, n. Etym: [A modification of chaw, formed under the influence of F. joue the cheek. See Chaw, Chew.]

1. (Anat.) (a) One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth. (b) Hence, also, the bone itself with the teeth and covering. (c) In the plural, the mouth.

2. Fig.: Anything resembling the jaw of an animal in form or action; esp., pl., the mouth or way of entrance; as, the jaws of a pass; the jaws of darkness; the jaws of death. Shak.

3. (Mach.) (a) A notch or opening. (b) A notched or forked part, adapted for holding an object in place; as, the jaw of a railway-car pedestal. See Axle guard. (b) One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them, as, the jaws of a vise, or the jaws of a stone-crushing machine.

4. (Naut.)

Defn: The inner end of a boom or gaff, hollowed in a half circle so as to move freely on a mast.

5.

Defn: Impudent or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley. Jaw bit (Railroad), a bar across the jaws of a pedestal underneath an axle box. -- Jaw breaker, a word difficult to pronounce. [Obs.] -- Jaw rope (Naut.), a rope which holds the jaws of a gaff to the mast. -- Jaw tooth, a molar or grinder; a back tooth.

JAW Jaw, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jawed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jawing.]

Defn: To scold; to clamor. [Law] Smollett.

JAW Jaw, v. t.

Defn: To assail or abuse by scolding. [Law]

JAWBONE Jaw"bone`, n.

Defn: The bone of either jaw; a maxilla or a mandible.

JAWED Jawed, a.

Defn: Having jaws; -- chiefly in composition; as, lantern-jawed. "Jawed like a jetty." Skelton.

JAW-FALL Jaw"-fall`, n.

Defn: Depression of the jaw; hence, depression of spirits. M. Griffith (1660).

JAW-FALLEN Jaw"-fall`en, a.

Defn: Dejected; chopfallen.

JAWFOOT Jaw"foot`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: See Maxilliped.

JAWING Jaw"ing, n.

Defn: Scolding; clamorous or abusive talk. [Slang] H. Kingsley.

JAWN Jawn, v. i.

Defn: See Yawn. [Obs.] Marston.

JAWY Jaw"y, a.

Defn: Relating to the jaws. Gayton.

JAY Jay, n. Etym: [F. geai, OF. gai, jaj, perh. fr. OHG. gahi. Cf. Gay.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to Garrulus, Cyanocitta, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest.

Note: The European jay (Garrulus glandarius) is a large and handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on the wings, white. Called also jay pie, Jenny jay, and kæ. The common blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata.), and the related species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest. The California jay (Aphelocoma Californica), the Florida jay (A. Floridana), and the green jay (Xanthoura luxuosa), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay (Perisoreus Canadensis), and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See Blue jay, and Whisky jack. Jay thrush (Zoöl.), any one several species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera Garrulax, Grammatoptila, and related genera of the family Crateropodidæ; as; the white-throated jay thrush (G. albogularis), of India.

JAYET Jay"et, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Jet. [Obs.]

JAYHAWKER Jay"hawk`er, n.

Defn: A name given to a free-booting, unenlisted, armed man or guerrilla.

Note: [A term of opprobrium used in the war of 1861-65, U. S.]

JAZEL Ja"zel, n.

Defn: A gem of an azure color. [Obs.]

JAZERANT Jaz"er*ant, n. Etym: [OF. jacerant, jaseran, Sp. jacerina, cota jacerina, fr. jazarino Algerine, fr. Ar. jaza\'c6r Algiers.]

Defn: A coat of defense made of small plates of metal sewed upon linen or the like; also, this kind of armor taken generally; as, a coat of jazerant.

JEALOUS Jeal"ous, a. Etym: [OE. jalous, gelus, OF. jalous, F. jaloux, LL. zelosus zealous, fr. zelus emulation, zeal, jealousy, Gr. Zeal, and cf. Zealous.]

1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful. I have been very jeolous for the Lord God of hosts. Kings xix. 10. How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute! Dr. H. More.

2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful. 'This doing wrong creates such doubts as these, Renders us jealous and disturbs our peace. Waller. The people are so jealous of the clergy's ambition. Swift.

3. Exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry. Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God. Ex. xxxiv. 14.

4. Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover. If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife. Num. v. 14. To both these sisters have I sworn my love: Each jealous of the other, as the stung Are of the adder. Shak. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she find him jealous. Bacon.

Syn. -- Suspicious; anxious; envious. Jealous, Suspicious. Suspicious is the wider term. We suspect a person when we distrust his honesty and imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous when we suspect him of aiming to deprive us of what we dearly prize. Iago began by awakening the suspicions of Othello, and converted them at last into jealousy. "Suspicion may be excited by some kind of accusation, not supported by evidence sufficient for conviction, but sufficient to trouble the repose of confidence." "Jealousy is a painful apprehension of rivalship in cases that are peculiarly interesting to us." Cogan.

JEALOUSHOOD Jeal"ous*hood, n.

Defn: Jealousy. [Obs.] Shak.

JEALOUSLY Jeal"ous*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jealous manner.

JEALOUSNESS Jeal"ous*ness, n.

Defn: State or quality of being jealous.

JEALOUSY Jeal"ous*y, n.; pl. Jealousies. Etym: [ F. jalousie. See Jealous, and cf. Jalousie.]

Defn: The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly affecting one's happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover. I was jealous for jealousy. Zech. viii. 2. Jealousy is the . . . apprehension of superiority. Shenstone. Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to deserve our fondness. Rambler.

JEAMES Jeames, n. Etym: [Corrup. of James.]

Defn: A footman; a flunky. [Slang, Eng.] Thackeray.

JEAN Jean, n. Etym: [Prob. named from Genoa. See Jane.]

Defn: A twilled cotton cloth. Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the manner of satin.

JEARS Jears, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: See 1st Jeer (b).

JEAT Jeat, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Jet. [Obs.]

JEDDING AX Jed"ding ax`, n.

Defn: A stone mason's tool, having a flat face and a pointed part. Knight.

JEE Jee, v. t. & i.

Defn: See Gee.

JEEL Jeel, n. Etym: [Hind. jhil.]

Defn: A morass; a shallow lake. [Written also jhil.] [India] Whitworth.

JEER Jeer, n. Etym: [Cf. Gear.] (Naut.) (a) A gear; a tackle. (b) pl.

Defn: An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a ship. Jeer capstan (Naut.), an extra capstan usually placed between the foremast and mainmast.

JEER Jeer, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jeered; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeering.] Etym: [Perh. a corrup. of cheer to salute with cheers, taken in an ironical sense; or more prob. fr. D. gekscheren to jeer, lit., to shear the fool; gek a fool (see 1st Geck) + scheren to shear. See Shear, v.]

Defn: To utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as, to jeer at a speaker. But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer. Spenser.

Syn. -- To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.

JEER Jeer, v. t.

Defn: To treat with scoffs or derision; to address with jeers; to taunt; to flout; to mock at. And if we can not jeer them, we jeer ourselves. B. Jonson.

JEER Jeer, n.

Defn: A railing remark or reflection; a scoff; a taunt; a biting jest; a flout; a jibe; mockery. Midas, exposed to all their jeers, Had lost his art, and kept his ears. Swift.

JEERER Jeer"er, n.

Defn: A scoffer; a railer; a mocker.

JEERING Jeer"ing, a.

Defn: Mocking; scoffing. -- n.

Defn: A mocking utterance. -- Jeer"ing*ly, adv.

JEERS Jeers, n. pl. (Naut.)

Defn: See 1st Jeer (b).

JEFFERSONIA Jef`fer*so"ni*a, n. Etym: [NL. Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Bot.)

Defn: An American herb with a pretty, white, solitary blossom, and deeply two-cleft leaves (Jeffersonia diphylla); twinleaf.

JEFFERSONIAN Jef`fer*so"ni*an, a.

Defn: Pertaining to, or characteristic of, Thomas Jefferson or his policy or political doctrines. Lowell.

JEFFERSONIAN SIMPLICITY Jeffersonian simplicity.

Defn: The absence of pomp or display which Jefferson aimed at in his administration as President (1801-1809), eschewing display or ceremony tending to distinguish the President from the people, as in going to the capital on horseback and with no escort, the abolition of court etiquette and the weekly levee, refusal to recognize titles of honor, etc.

JEFFERSONITE Jef"fer*son*ite, n. Etym: [Named after Thomas Jefferson.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of pyroxene of olive-green color passing into brown. It contains zinc.

JEG Jeg, n. (Mach.)

Defn: See Jig, 6.

JEHOVAH Je*ho"vah, n. Etym: [Heb. usually yêhovah (with the vowel points of âdonai Lord), sometimes (to avoid repetition) yêhovih (with the vowel points of êlohim God); but only the four Heb, consonants yhvh are conceded to be certainly known.]

Defn: A Scripture name of the Supreme Being, by which he was revealed to the Jews as their covenant God or Sovereign of the theocracy; the "ineffable name" of the Supreme Being, which was not pronounced by the Jews.

JEHOVIST Je*ho"vist, n.

1. One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; -- opposed to adonist.

2. The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled Jehovah. See Elohist. The characteristic manner of the Jehovist differs from that of his predecessor [the Elohist]. He is fuller and freer in his descriptions; more reflective in his assignment of motives and causes; more artificial in mode of narration. S. Davidson.

JEHOVISTIC Je`ho*vis"tic, a.

Defn: Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; -- said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the Pentateuch, in which Jehovah appears as the name of the Deity. See Elohistic.

JEHU Je"hu, n. Etym: [From Jehu, son of Nimshi. 2 Kings ix. 20.]

Defn: A coachman; a driver; especially, one who drives furiously. [Colloq.]

JEJUNAL Je*ju"nal, a.

Defn: Pertaining to the jejunum.

JEJUNE Je*june", a. Etym: [L. jejunus fasting, hungry, dry, barren, scanty; of unknown origin.]

1. Lacking matter; empty; void of substance.

2. Void of interest; barren; meager; dry; as, a jejune narrative. - Je*june"ly, adv. -- Je*june"ness, n. Bacon.

JEJUNITY Je*ju"ni*ty, n.

Defn: The quality of being jejune; jejuneness.

JEJUNUM Je*ju"num, n. Etym: [NL., fr. L. jejunus empty, dry.] (Anat.)

Defn: The middle division of the small intestine, between the duodenum and ileum; -- so called because usually found empty after death.

JELERANG Jel"er*ang, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A large, handsome squirrel (Sciurus Javensis), native of Java and Southern Asia; -- called also Java squirrel.

JELL Jell, v. i.

Defn: To jelly. [Colloq.]

JELLIED Jel"lied, a.

Defn: Brought to the state or consistence of jelly.

JELLIFY Jel"li*fy, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jellified; p. pr. & vb. n. Jellifying.]

Defn: To make, or to become, gelatinous; to jelly. -- Jel`li*fi*ca"tion (#), n.

JELLY Jel"ly, n.; pl. Jellies. Etym: [ Formerly gelly, gely, F. gelée jelly, frost, fr. geler to freeze. L. gelare; akin to gelu frost. See Gelid.]

1. Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.

2. The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic consistence; as, currant jelly; calf's-foot jelly. Jelly bag, a bag through which the material for jelly is strained. -- Jelly mold, a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes. -- Jelly plant (Bot.), Australian name of an edible seaweed (Eucheuma speciosum), from which an excellent jelly is made. J. Smith. -- Jelly powder, an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and collodion cotton; -- so called from its resemblance to calf's-foot jelly.

JELLY Jel"ly, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jellied; p. pr. & vb. n. Jellying.]

Defn: To become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.

JELLYFISH Jel"ly*fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See Medusa.

JEMIDAR Jem"i*dar`, n. Etym: [Per. & Hind. jama-dar.]

Defn: The chief or leader of a hand or body of persons; esp., in the native army of India, an officer of a rank corresponding to that of lieutenant in the English army. [Written also jemadar, jamadar.]

JEMLAH GOAT Jem"lah goat`. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The jharal.

JEMMINESS Jem"mi*ness, n.

Defn: Spruceness. [Slang, Eng.] Pegge (1814).

JEMMY Jem"my, a. Etym: [Cf. Gim, and Gimp, a.]

Defn: Spruce. [Slang, Eng.] Smart.

JEMMY Jem"my, n.

1. A short crowbar. See Jimmy.

2. A baked sheep's head. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.

JENIQUEN Je*ni"quen, n. Etym: [Sp. jeniquen.] (Bot.)

Defn: A Mexican name for the Sisal hemp (Agave rigida, var. Sisalana); also, its fiber. [Written also heniequen.]

JENITE Je"nite, n. (Min.)

Defn: See Yenite.

JENKINS Jen"kins, n.

Defn: name of contempt for a flatterer of persons high in social or official life; as, the Jenkins employed by a newspaper. [Colloq. Eng. & U.S.] G. W. Curtis.

JENNET Jen"net, n. Etym: [F. genet, Sp. jinete, orig., a mounted soldier, Ar. zenata a tribe of Barbary celebrated for its cavalry.]

Defn: A small Spanish horse; a genet.

JENNETING Jen"net*ing, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. a dim. of Jean John, so named as becoming ripe about St. John's day, June 24. F. Jean is fr. L. Johannes. See Zany.]

Defn: A variety of early apple. See Juneating. [Written also geniting.]

JENNY Jen"ny, n.; pl. Jennies (.

1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane.

2. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A familiar name of the European wren. Jenny ass (Zoöl.), a female ass.

JENNY Jen"ny, n. Etym: [A corruption of gin an engine; influenced by Jenny, the proper name. See Gin an engine, and cf. Ginny-carriage.]

Defn: A machine for spinning a number of threads at once, -- used in factories.

JENTLING Jent"ling, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A fish of the genus Leuciscus; the blue chub of the Danube.

JEOFAIL Jeof"ail, n. Etym: [F. j'ai failli I have failed.] (Law)

Defn: An oversight in pleading, or the acknowledgment of a mistake or oversight. Blackstone.

JEOPARD Jeop"ard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeoparded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeoparding.] Etym: [From Jeopardy.]

Defn: To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil; to hazard. Sir T. North. A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death. Judg. v. 18.

Syn. -- To hazard; risk; imperil; endanger; expose.

JEOPARDER Jeop"ard*er, n.

Defn: One who puts in jeopardy. [R.]

JEOPARDIZE Jeop"ard*ize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeopardized; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeopardizing.]

Defn: To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard. That he should jeopardize his willful head Only for spite at me. H. Taylor.

JEOPARDOUS Jeop"ard*ous, a.

Defn: Perilous; hazardous. His goodly, valiant, and jeopardous enterprise. Fuller. -- Jeop"ard*ous*ly, adv. Huloet.

JEOPARDY Jeop"ard*y, n. Etym: [OE. jupartie, juperti, jeuparti, OF. jeu parti an even game, a game in which the chances are even; OF. jeu, ju, F. jeu (L. jocus jest) + F. partier to divide, L. partire to divide. See Joke, and Part.]

Defn: Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger. There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in jeopardy. Luke viii. 23. Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy. Shak.

Syn. -- Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See Danger.

JEOPARDY Jeop"ard*y, v. t.

Defn: To jeopardize. [R.] Thackeray.

JEQUIRITY; JEQUIRITY BEAN Je*quir"i*ty, n., or Je*quir"i*ty bean`. [Prob. fr. a native name.] (Bot.)

Defn: The seed of the wild licorice (Abrus precatorius) used by the people of India for beads in rosaries and necklaces, as a standard weight, etc.; -- called also jumble bead.

JERBOA Jer*bo"a, n. Etym: [Ar. yarb.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: Any small jumping rodent of the genus Dipus, esp. D. Ægyptius, which is common in Egypt and the adjacent countries. The jerboas have very long hind legs and a long tail. [Written also gerboa.]

Note: The name is also applied to other small jumping rodents, as the Pedetes Caffer, of the Cape of Good Hope. Jerboa kangaroo (Zoöl.), small Australian kangaroo (Bettongia penicillata), about the size of a common hare.

JEREED Jer*eed", n. Etym: [Ar. jerid. Cf. Djereed.]

Defn: A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially in mock fights. [Written also jerreed, jerid.] Byron.

JEREMIAD; JEREMIADE Jer`e*mi"ad, Jer`e*mi"ade, n. Etym: [From Jeremiah, the prophet: cf. F. jérémiade.]

Defn: A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; -- generally used satirically. He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad. Lamb.

JERFALCON Jer"fal`con, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The gyrfalcon.

JERGUER Jer"guer, n.

Defn: See Jerquer.

JERID Jer*id", n.

Defn: Same as Jereed.

JERK Jerk, v. t. Etym: [Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.]

Defn: To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as, jerk beef. See Charqui.

JERK Jerk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jerked; p. pr. & vb. n. Jerking.] Etym: [Akin to yerk, and perh. also to yard a measure.]

1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] Florio.

2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; as, to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off.

3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as, to jerk a stone.

JERK Jerk, v. i.

1. To make a sudden motion; to move with a start, or by starts. Milton.

2. To flout with contempt.

JERK Jerk, n.

1. A short, sudden pull, thrust, push, twitch, jolt, shake, or similar motion. His jade gave him a jerk. B. Jonson.

2. A sudden start or spring. Lobsters . . . swim backwards by jerks or springs. Grew.

JERKER Jerk"er, n.

1. A beater. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.

2. One who jerks or moves with a jerk.

3. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A North American river chub (Hybopsis biguttatus).

JERKIN Jer"kin, n. Etym: [Dim. of D. jurk a frock.]

Defn: A jacket or short coat; a close waistcoat. Shak.

JERKIN Jer"kin, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: A male gyrfalcon.

JERKING Jerk"ing, n.

Defn: The act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a jerk. -- Jerk"ing*ly, adv.

JERKINHEAD Jer"kin*head`, n. (Arch.)

Defn: The hipped part of a roof which is hipped only for a part of its height, leaving a truncated gable.

JERKY Jerk"y, a.

Defn: Moving by jerks and starts; characterized by abrupt transitions; as, a jerky vehicle; a jerky style.

JERMOONAL Jer*moon"al, n. (Zoöl.)

Defn: The Himalayan now partridge.

JERONYMITE Je*ron"y*mite, n. (Eccl. Hist.)

Defn: One belonging of the mediæval religious orders called Hermits of St. Jerome. [Written also Hieronymite.]

JEROPIGIA Jer`o*pig"i*a, n.

Defn: See Geropigia.

JERQUER Jer"quer, n. Etym: [Cf. F. chercher to search, E. search.]

Defn: A customhouse officer who searches ships for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written also jerguer.]

JERQUING Jer"quing, n.

Defn: The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written also jerguer.]

JERQUING Jer"quing, n.

Defn: The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.]

JERRY-BUILDER Jer"ry-build`er, n. [Prob. fr. the proper name Jerry, familiar form of Jeremiah.]

Defn: A professional builder who erects cheap dwellings of poor materials and unsubstantial and slovenly construction.

JERRY-BUILT Jer"ry-built`, a.

Defn: Built hastily and of bad materials; as, jerry-built houses. [Colloq. Eng.]

JERSEY Jer"sey, n.; pl. Jerseys. Etym: [From Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands.]

1. The finest of wool separated from the rest; combed wool; also, fine yarn of wool.

2. A kind of knitted jacket; hence, in general, a closefitting jacket or upper garment made of an elastic fabric (as stockinet).

3. One of a breed of cattle in the Island of Jersey. Jerseys are noted for the richness of their milk.

JERUSALEM Je*ru"sa*lem, n. Etym: [Gr. Y.]

Defn: The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ. Jerusalem artichoke Etym: [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e., sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar.] (Bot.) (a) An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower (Helianthus tuberosus), whose tubers are sometimes used as food. (b) One of the tubers themselves. -- Jerusalem cherry (Bot.), the popular name of either of either of two species of Solanum (S. Pseudo-capsicum and S. capsicastrum), cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of cherries. -- Jerusalem oak (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot (Chenopodium Botrys), common about houses and along roadsides. -- Jerusalem sage (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family (Phlomis tuberosa). -- Jerusalem thorn (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree (Parkinsonia aculeata), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges. -- The New Jerusalem, Heaven; the Celestial City.

JERVINE Jer"vine, n. Etym: [Prob. fr. Sp. yerba herb, OSp., the poison of the veratrum.] (Chem.)

Defn: A poisonous alkaloid resembling veratrine, and found with it in white hellebore (Veratrum album); -- called also jervina.

JESS Jess, n.; pl. Jesses. Etym: [OF. gies, giez, prop. pl. of giet, get, jet, F. jet, a throwing, jess. See Jet a shooting forth.] (falconry)

Defn: A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer's hand, was attached when used. See Illust. of Falcon. Like a hawk, which feeling freed From bells and jesses which did let her flight. Spenser.

JESSAMINE Jes"sa*mine, n. (Bot.)

Defn: Same as Jasmine.

JESSANT Jes"sant, a. (Her.)

Defn: Springing up or emerging; -- said of a plant or animal.

JESSE Jes"se, n. Etym: [LL.Jesse, the father of David, fr. Gr. Yishai.]

Defn: Any representation or suggestion of the genealogy of Christ, in decorative art; as: (a) A genealogical tree represented in stained glass. (b) A candlestick with many branches, each of which bears the name of some one of the descendants of Jesse; -- called also tree of Jesse. Jesse window (Arch.), a window of which the glazing and tracery represent the tree of Jesse.

JESSED Jessed, a. (Her.)

Defn: Having jesses on, as a hawk.

JEST Jest, n. Etym: [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF. geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perform; perh. orig., to make to come, bring, and perh. akin to E. come. Cf. Gest a deed, Register, n.]

1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.] The jests or actions of princes. Sir T. Elyot.

2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] Nares. He promised us, in honor of our guest, To grace our banquet with some pompous jest. Kyd.

3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i. I must be sad . . . smile at no man's jests. Shak. The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his jests, and to his imagination for his facts. Sheridan.

4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock. Then let me be your jest; I deserve it. Shak. In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest. And given in earnest what I begged in jest. Shak. -- Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.

JEST Jest, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jested; p. pr. & vb. n. Jesting.]

1. To take part in a merrymaking; -- especially, to act in a mask or interlude. [Obs.] Shak.

2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything. He jests at scars that never felt a wound. Shak.

Syn. -- To joke; sport; rally. -- To Jest, Joke. One jests in order to make others laugh; one jokes to please himself. A jest is usually at the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a joke is a sportive sally designed to promote good humor without wounding the feelings of its object. "Jests are, therefore, seldom harmless; jokes frequently allowable. The most serious subject may be degraded by being turned into a jest." Crabb.

JESTER Jest"er, n. Etym: [Cf. Gestour.]

1. A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool. This . . . was Yorick's skull, the king's jester. Shak. Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear. Longfellow.

2. A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing talk. He ambled up and down With shallow jesters. Shak.

JESTFUL Jest"ful, a.

Defn: Given to jesting; full of jokes.

JESTING Jest"ing, a.

Defn: Sportive; not serious; fit for jests. He will find that these are no jesting matters. Macaulay .

JESTING Jest"ing, n.

Defn: The act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry. Eph. v. 4.

JESTINGLY Jest"ing*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jesting manner.

JESU Je"su, n. [L., vocative and oblique cases of Jesus.]

Defn: Jesus. [Poetical]

Jesu, give the weary Calm and sweet repose. S. Baring-Gould.

JESUIT Jes"u*it, n. Etym: [F. Jésuite, Sp. Jesuita: cf. It. Gesuita.]

1. (R. C. Ch.)

Defn: One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus.

Note: The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at the close of a second novitiate, he takes his second vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed. The Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which only the pope can dispense, requiring them to go wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty. The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed in general missionary labors. The Society is governed by a General who holds office for life. He has associated with him "Assistants" (five at the present time), representing different provinces. The Society was first established in the United States in 1807. The Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their enemies, have been generally reputed to use art and intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes, whence the words Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense.

2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer. Jesuits' bark, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of Cinchona; -- so called because its medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America. -- Jesuits' drops. See Friar's balsam, under Friar. -- Jesuits' nut, the European water chestnut. -- Jesuits' powder, powdered cinchona bark. -- Jesuits' tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and medicinally.

JESUITED Jes"u*it*ed, a.

Defn: Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits. Milton.

JESUITESS Jes"u*it*ess, n. Etym: [Cf. F. Jésuitesse.] (R. C. Hist.)

Defn: One of an order of nuns established on the principles of the Jesuits, but suppressed by Pope Urban in 1633.

JESUITIC; JESUITICAL Jes`u*it"ic, Jes`u*it"ic*al, a. Etym: [Cf. F. jésuitique.]

1. Of or pertaining to the Jesuits, or to their principles and methods.

2. Designing; cunning; deceitful; crafty; -- an opprobrious use of the word. Dryden.

JESUITICALLY Jes`u*it"ic*al*ly, adv.

Defn: In a jesuitical manner.

JESUITISM Jes"u*it*ism, n. Etym: [Cf. F. jésuitisme.]

1. The principles and practices of the Jesuits.

2. Cunning; deceit; deceptive practices to effect a purpose; subtle argument; -- an opprobrious use of the word.

JESUITOCRACY Jes`u*it*oc"ra*cy, n. Etym: [Jesuit + -cracy, as in aristocracy.]

Defn: Government by Jesuits; also, the whole body of Jesuits in a country. [R.] C. Kingsley.

JESUITRY Jes"u*it*ry, n.

Defn: Jesuitism; subtle argument. [R.] Carlyle.

JESUS Je"sus, n. Etym: [L. Jesus, Gr. Yésh; Yah Jehovah + h to help.]

Defn: The Savior; the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction from Christ, his official appellation. Luke i. 31. Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people from their sins. Matt. i. 21.

Note: The form Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative. Jesu, do thou my soul receive. Keble. The Society of Jesus. See Jesuit.

JET Jet, n.

Defn: Same as 2d Get. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JET Jet, n. Etym: [OF. jet, jayet, F. jaïet, jais, L. gagates, fr. Gr. [written also jeat, jayet.] (Min.)

Defn: A variety of lignite, of a very compact texture and velvet black color, susceptible of a good polish, and often wrought into mourning jewelry, toys, buttons, etc. Formerly called also black amber. Jet ant (Zoöl.), a blackish European ant (Formica fuliginosa), which builds its nest of a paperlike material in the trunks of trees.

JET Jet, n. Etym: [F. jet, OF. get, giet, L. jactus a throwing, a throw, fr. jacere to throw. Cf. Abject, Ejaculate, Gist, Jess, Jut.]

1. A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as of water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also, that which issues in a jet.

2. Drift; scope; range, as of an argument. [Obs.]

3. The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold. Knight. Jet propeller (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels by means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a centrifugal pump. -- Jet pump, a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water, or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.

JET Jet, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Jetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Jetting.] Etym: [F. jeter, L. jactare, freq. fr. jacere to throw. See 3d Jet, and cf. Jut.]

1. To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude. [Obs.] he jets under his advanced plumes! Shak. To jet upon a prince's right. Shak.

2. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. [Obs.] Wiseman.

3. To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.

JET Jet, v. t.

Defn: To spout; to emit in a stream or jet. A dozen angry models jetted steam. Tennyson.

JET-BLACK Jet"-black`, a.

Defn: Black as jet; deep black.

JET D'EAU Jet` d'eau", pl. Jets d'eau (. Etym: [F., a throw of water. See Jet a shooting forth.]

Defn: A stream of water spouting from a fountain or pipe (especially from one arranged to throw water upward), in a public place or in a garden, for ornament.

JETERUS Jet"e*rus, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A yellowness of the parts of plants which are normally green; yellows.

JETSAM; JETSON Jet"sam, Jet"son, n. Etym: [F. jeter to throw: cf. OF. getaison a throwing. Cf. Flotsam, Jettison.]

1. (Mar. Law)

Defn: Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain under water; -- distinguished from flotsam, goods which float, and ligan, goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.

2. Jettison. See Jettison, 1.

JETTEAU Jet"teau, n.

Defn: See Jet d'eau. [R.] Addison.

JETTEE Jet"tee, n.

Defn: See Jetty, n. Burke.

JETTER Jet"ter, n.

Defn: One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop. [Obs.] Palsgrave.

JETTINESS Jet"ti*ness (-ti*nes). n.

Defn: The state of being jetty; blackness. Pennant.

JETTISON Jet"ti*son. n. Etym: [See Jetsam.]

1. (Mar. Law)

Defn: The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.

2. See Jetsam, 1.

JETTON Jet"ton, n. Etym: [F. jeton.]

Defn: A metal counter used in playing cards.

JETTY Jet"ty, a.

Defn: Made of jet, or like jet in color. The people . . . are of a jetty. Sir T. Browne.

JETTY Jet"ty, n.; pl. Jetties. Etym: [F.jetée a pier, a jetty, a causeway. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Jutty.]

1. (Arch.)

Defn: A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.

2. A wharf or pier extending from the shore.

3. (Hydraul. Engin.)

Defn: A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole; as, the Eads system of jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Jetty ad (Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.

JETTY Jet"ty, v. i.

Defn: To jut out; to project. [Obs.] Florio.

JEU D'ESPRIT Jeu" d'es`prit". Etym: [F., play of mind.]

Defn: A witticism.

JEUNESSE DOREE Jeu`nesse" do`rée". [F.]

Defn: Lit., gilded youth; young people of wealth and fashion, esp. if given to prodigal living; -- in the French Revolution, applied to young men of the upper classes who aided in suppressing the Jacobins after the Reign of Terror.

JEW Jew, n. Etym: [OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr. Y Judah, son of Jacob. Cf. Judaic.]

Defn: Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite. Jew's frankincense, gum styrax, or benzoin. -- Jew's mallow (Bot.), an annual herb (Corchorus olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber. -- Jew's pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. -- The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ's second coming.

JEWBUSH Jew"bush`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A euphorbiaceous shrub of the genus Pedilanthus (P. tithymaloides), found in the West Indies, and possessing powerful emetic and drastic qualities.

JEWEL Jew"el, n. Etym: [OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F. joyau, dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See Joy.]

1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design. Plate of rare device, and jewels Of rich and exquisite form. Shak.

2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak.

3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. "Our prince (jewel of children)." Shak.

4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby. Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.

JEWEL Jew"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jeweled, or Jewelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeweling, or Jewelling.]

Defn: To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels. The long gray tufts . . . are jeweled thick with dew. M. Arnold.

JEWELER Jew"el*er, n. Etym: [Cf. F.joaillier.]

Defn: One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments. [Written also jeweller.] Jeweler's gold. See under Gold.

JEWELLERY Jew"el*ler*y, n.

Defn: See Jewelry. Burke.

JEWELRY Jew"el*ry, n. Etym: [Cf. F. joaillerie.]

1. The art or trade of a jeweler. Cotgrave.

2. Jewels, collectively; as, a bride's jewelry.

JEWELWEED Jew"el*weed`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: See Impatiens.

JEWESS Jew"ess, n., fem. of Jew.

Defn: A Hebrew woman.

JEWFISH Jew"fish`, n. (Zoöl.)

1. A very large serranoid fish (Promicrops itaiara) of Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. It often reaches the weight of five hundred pounds. Its color is olivaceous or yellowish, with numerous brown spots. Called also guasa, and warsaw.

2. A similar gigantic fish (Stereolepis gigas) of Southern California, valued as a food fish.

3. The black grouper of Florida and Texas.

4. A large herringlike fish; the tarpum.

JEWISE Jew*ise", n.

Defn: Same as Juise. [Obs.] Chaucer.

JEWISH Jew"ish, a.

Defn: Of or pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews; characteristic of or resembling the Jews or their customs; Israelitish. -- Jew"ish*ly, adv. -- Jew"ish*ness, n.

JEWISH CALENDAR Jew"ish cal"en*dar.

Defn: A lunisolar calendar in use among Hebraic peoples, reckoning from the year 3761 b. c., the date traditionally given for the Creation. It received its present fixed form from Hillel II. about 360 a. d. The present names of the months, which are Babylonian- Assyrian in origin, replaced older ones, Abib, Bul, etc., at the time of the Babylonian Exile. Nineteen years constitute a lunar cycle, of which the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th years are leap years. The year 5663 [1902-3 a. d.] was the first year of the 299th lunar cycle. The common year is said to be defective, regular, or perfect (or abundant) according as it has 353, 354, or 355 days. The leap year has an intercalary month, and a total of 383 (defective), 384 (regular), or 385 (perfect, or abundant) days. The calendar is complicated by various rules providing for the harmonious arrangement of festivals, etc., so that no simple perpetual calendar can be constructed. The following table gives the months in order, with the number of days assigned to each. Only three months vary in length. They are: Heshvan, which has 30 days in perfect years; Kislev, which has 30 days in regular and perfect years; and Adar, which has 30 days in leap years. The ecclesiastical year commences with Nisan and the civil year with Tishri. The date of the first of Tishri, or the Jewish New Year, is also given for the Jewish years 5661-5696 (1900- 1935 a. d.). From these tables it is possible to transform any Jewish date into Christian, or vice versa, for the years 1900-1935 a. d.

Months of the Jewish Year.

1 Tishri . . . . . . 30 2 Heshvan . . . . . 29 (r. & d.) or 30 (p.) 3 Kislev . . . . . . 29 (d.) or 30 (r. & p.) 4 Tebet . . . . . . 29 5 Shebat . . . . . . 30 6 Adar . . . . . . . 29 or 30 (l.) -- Veadar . . . . . 29 (occuring only in leap years) 7 Nisan . . . . . . .30 8 Ivar . . . . . . ..29 9 Sivan . . . . . . .30 10 Tammux . . . . . . 29 11 Ab . . . . . . . . 30 12 Elul . . . . . . ..29

Jewish Year a. d.

5661 p. begins Sept. 24, 1900 5662 d.l. " " 14, 1901 5663 p. " Oct. 2, 1902 5664 r. " Sept. 22, 1903 5665 p.l. " " 10, 1904 5666 p. " " 30, 1905 5667 r. " " 20, 1906 5668 d.l. " " 6, 1907 5669 p. " " 26, 1908 5670 d.l. " " 16, 1909 5671 r. " Oct. 4, 1910 5672 p. " Sept. 23, 1911 5673 p.l. " " 12, 1912 5674 r. " Oct. 2, 1913 5675 d. " Sept. 21, 1914 5676 p.l. " " 9, 1915 5677 r. " " 28, 1916 5678 p. " " 17, 1917 5679 d.l. begins Sept. 7, 1918 5680 r. " " 25, 1919 5681 p.l. " " 13, 1920 5682 p. " Oct. 3, 1921 5683 d. " Sept. 23, 1922 5684 r.l. " " 11, 1923 5685 p. " " 29, 1924 5686 p. " " 19, 1925 5687 d.l. " " 9, 1926 5688 r. " " 27, 1927 5689 p.l. " " 15, 1928 5690 d. " Oct. 5, 1929 5691 r. " Sept. 23, 1930 5692 p.l. " " 12, 1931 5693 p. " Oct. 1, 1932 5694 r. " Sept. 23, 1933 5695 d.l. " " 10, 1934 5696 p. " " 28, 1935 d. = defective year; d.l. = defective leap year; p. = perfect year; p.l. = perfect leap year; r. = regular year; r.l. = regular leap year.

JEWRY Jew"ry, n. Etym: [OE. Jewerie, OF. Juierie, F. Juiverie.]

Defn: Judea; also, a district inhabited by Jews; a Jews' quarter. Chaucer. Teaching throughout all Jewry. Luke xxiii. 5.

JEW'S-EAR Jew's"-ear`, n. (Bot.)

Defn: A species of fungus (Hirneola Auricula-Judæ, or Auricula), bearing some resemblance to the human ear.

JEW'S-HARP Jew's-harp`, n. Etym: [Jew + harp; or possibly a corrupt. of jaw's harp; cf. G. maultrommel, lit., mouthdrum.]1. An instrument of music, which, when placed between the teeth, gives, by means of a bent metal tongue struck by the finger, a sound which is modulated by the breath; -- called also Jew's-trump.

2. (Naut.)

Defn: The shackle for joining a chain cable to an anchor.

JEW'S-STONE; JEWSTONE Jew's-stone`, Jew"stone`, n. (Paleon.)

Defn: A large clavate spine of a fossil sea urchin.

JEZEBEL Jez"e*bel, n. Etym: [From Jezebel, Heb. Izebel, the wife of Ahab king of Israel.]

Defn: A bold, vicious woman; a termagant. Spectator.

JHARAL Jha"ral, n. Etym: [Native name.] (Zoöl.)

Defn: A wild goat (Capra Jemlaica) which inhabits the loftiest mountains of India. It has long, coarse hair, forming a thick mane on its head and neck.

JIB Jib, n. Etym: [Named from its shifting from side to side. See Jib, v. i.., Jibe.]

1. (Naut.)

Defn: A triangular sail set upon a stay or halyard extending from the foremast or fore-topmast to the bowsprit or the jib boom. Large vessels often carry several jibe; as, inner jib; outer jib; flying jib; etc.

2. (Mach.)

Defn: The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended. Jib boom (Naut.), a spar or boom which serves as an extension of the bowsprit. It is sometimes extended by another spar called the flying jib boom. [Written also gib boom.] -- Jib crane (Mach.), a crane having a horizontal jib on which a trolley moves, bearing the load. -- Jib door (Arch.), a door made flush with the wall, without dressings or moldings; a disguised door. -- Jib header (Naut.), a gaff-topsail, shaped like a jib; a jib- headed topsail. -- Jib topsail (Naut.), a small jib set above and outside of all the other jibs. -- The cut of one's jib, one's outward appearance. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

JIB Jib, v. i. Etym: [Connected with jibe; cf. OF. giber to shake.]

Defn: To move restively backward or sidewise, -- said of a horse; to balk. [Written also jibb.] [Eng.]

JIB; JIBB Jib, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Jibbed; p. pr. & vb. n. Jibbing.] Also Jibb. [Cf. Jib a sail, Gybe.] (Chiefly Naut.)