Chapter C (9)

=Creon=, king of Corinth, was son of Sisyphus. He promised his daughter
Glauce to Jason, who repudiated Medea. To revenge the success of
her rival, Medea sent her for a present a gown covered with poison.
Glauce put it on and was seized with sudden pains. Her body took
fire, and she expired in the greatest torments. The house was also
consumed by the fire, and Creon and his family shared Glauce’s fate.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 3, ch. 7.――_Euripides_, _Medea_.
――_Hyginus_, fable 25.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――――A son of Menœtius
father of Jocasta, the wife and mother of Œdipus. At the death of
Laius, who married Jocasta, Creon ascended the vacant throne of
Thebes. As the ravages of the Sphinx [_See:_ Sphinx] were intolerable,
Creon offered his crown and daughter in marriage to him who could
explain the enigmas which the monster proposed. Œdipus was happy in
his explanations, and he ascended the throne of Thebes, and married
Jocasta without knowing that she was his mother, and by her he had
two sons, Polynices and Eteocles. These two sons mutually agreed,
after their father’s death, to reign in the kingdom each alternately.
Eteocles first ascended the throne by right of seniority; but when
he was once in power, he refused to resign at the appointed time,
and his brother led against him an army of Argives to support his
right. The war was decided by single combat between the two brothers.
They both killed one another and Creon ascended the throne, till
Leodamas the son of Eteocles should be of sufficient age to assume
the reins of government. In his regal capacity, Creon commanded
that the Argives, and more particularly Polynices, who was the cause
of all the bloodshed, should remain unburied. If this was in any
manner disobeyed, the offenders were to be buried alive. Antigone
the sister of Polynices transgressed, and was accordingly punished.
Hæmon the son of Creon, who was passionately fond of Antigone, killed
himself on her grave, when his father refused to grant her pardon.
Creon was afterwards killed by Theseus, who had made war against him
at the request of Adrastus, because he refused burial to the Argives.
_See:_ Eteocles, Polynices, Adrastus, Œdipus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 56, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 39; bk. 9, ch. 5, &c.――_Statius_,
_Thebiad_.――_Sophocles_, _Antigone_.――_Aeschylus_, _Seven Against
Thebes_.――_Hyginus_, fables 67 & 76.――_Diodorus_, bks. 1 & 4.――――The
first annual archon at Athens. 684 B.C. _Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 8.

=Creontiădes=, a son of Hercules by Megara daughter of Creon, killed
by his father because he had slain Lycus.

=Creŏphĭlus=, a Samian who hospitably entertained Homer, from whom he
received a poem in return. Some say that he was that poet’s master,
&c. _Strabo_, bk. 14.――――An historian. _Athenæus_, bk. 8.

=Creperius Pollio=, a Roman, who spent his all in the most extravagant
debauchery. _Juvenal_, satire 9, li. 6.

=Cres=, an inhabitant of Crete.――――The first king of Crete. _Pausanias_,
bk. 8, ch. 53.

=Cresa= and =Cressa=, a town of Caria.

=Cresius=, a hill of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 44.

=Cresphontes=, a son of Aristomachus, who, with his brothers Temenus
and Aristodemus, attempted to recover the Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 3, &c.

=Cressius=, belonging to Crete. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 70;
bk. 8, li. 294.

=Creston=, a town of Thrace, capital of a part of the country called
_Crestonia_. The inhabitants had each many wives; and when the
husband died, she who had received the greatest share of his
affection was cheerfully slain on his grave. _Herodotus_, bk. 5,
ch. 5.

=Cresus= and =Ephesus=, two men who built the temple of Diana at
Ephesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 2.

=Crēta=, now _Candia_, one of the largest islands of the Mediterranean
sea, at the south of all the Cyclades. It was once famous for its
100 cities, and for the laws which the wisdom of Minos established
there. The inhabitants have been detested for their unnatural loves,
their falsehood, their piracies, and robberies. Jupiter, as some
authors report, was educated in that island by the Corybantes,
and the Cretans boasted that they could show his tomb. There
were different colonies from Phrygia, Doris, Achaia, &c., that
established themselves there. The island, after groaning under
the tyranny of democratical usurpation, and feeling the scourge of
frequent sedition, was made a Roman province, B.C. 66, after a war
of three years, in which the inhabitants were so distressed that
they were even compelled to drink the water of their cattle. Chalk
was produced there and thence called _Creta_, and with it the Romans
marked their lucky days in their calendar. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 36,
li. 10; epode 9.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 444; _Epistles_,
bk. 10, li. 106.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 7, ch. 6.――_Strabo_,
bk. 10.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 184.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li.
104.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.

=Cretæus=, a poet mentioned by _Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 34, li. 29.

=Crete=, the wife of Minos. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――――A daughter
of Deucalion. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 3.

=Cretea=, a country of Arcadia, where Jupiter was educated, according
to some traditions. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 38.

=Cretes=, inhabitants of Crete. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 146.

=Creteus=, a Trojan, distinguished as a poet and musician. He followed
Æneas, and was killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 774.
――――Another, killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 538.

=Cretheis=, the wife of Acastus king of Iolchos, who fell in love with
Peleus son of Æacus, and accused him of attempts upon her virtue,
because he refused to comply with her wishes, &c. She is called by
some Hippolyte or Astyadamia. _Pindar_, _Nemean_, ch. 4.

=Cretheus=, a son of ♦Æolus father of ♥Æson, by Tyro his brother’s
daughter. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 7, &c.

♦ ‘Œolus’ replaced with ‘Æolus’
♥ ‘Œson’ replaced with ‘Æson’

=Crethon=, a son of Diocles, engaged in the Trojan war on the side
of Greece. He was slain, with his brother Orsilochus, by ♦Æneas.
_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 5, li. 540.

♦ ‘Œneas’ replaced with ‘Æneas’

=Cretĭcus=, a certain orator. _Juvenal_, satire 2, li. 67.――――A
surname of Marcus Antony’s father.

=Cressas=, a famous boxer. _Pausanias_, bk. 2.

=Creūsa=, a daughter of Creon king of Corinth. As she was going to
marry Jason, who had divorced Medea, she put on a poisoned garment,
which immediately set her body on fire, and she expired in the most
excruciating torments. She had received this gown as a gift from
Medea, who wished to take that revenge upon the infidelity of Jason.
Some call her Glauce. _Ovid_, _de Ars Amatoria_, bk. 1, li. 335.
――――A daughter of Priam king of Troy by Hecuba. She married Æneas,
by whom she had some children, among which was Ascanius. When Troy
was taken, she fled in the night, with her husband; but they were
separated in the midst of the confusion, and Æneas could not recover
her, nor hear where she was. Cybele saved her, and carried her to
her temple, of which she became priestess; according to the relation
of Vigil, who makes Creusa appear to her husband in a vision, while
he was seeking her in the tumult of war. She predicted to Æneas the
calamities that attended him, the fame he should acquire when he
came to Italy, and his consequent marriage with a princess of the
country. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 16.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2,
li. 562, &c.――――A daughter of Erechtheus king of Athens. She was
mother of Janus by Apollo.――――A town of Bœotia. _Strabo_, bk. 9.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 32.

=Creusis=, a naval station of the Thespians. _Pausanias_, bk. 9,
ch. 32.

=Criăsus=, a son of Argos king of Peloponnesus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2,
ch. 1.

=Crinippus=, a general of Dionysius the elder.

=Crinis=, a stoic philosopher. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――A priest of
Apollo.

=Crinīsus= and =Crimīsus=, now _Caltabellota_, a river on the
western parts of ♦Sicily near Segesta, where Timoleon defeated
the Carthaginian forces. _Cornelius Nepos_, _Timoleon_.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 38. The word in the various editions of Virgil,
is spelt Cremissus, Crimissus, Crimisus, Crimesus, Crinisus,
Crimnisus. The Crinisus was a Trojan prince, who exposed his
daughter on the sea, rather than suffer her to be devoured by the
sea monster which Neptune sent to punish the infidelity of Laomedon.
_See:_ Laomedon. The daughter came safe to the shores of Sicily.
Crinisus some time after went in quest of his daughter, and was so
disconsolate for her loss, that the gods changed him into a river
in Sicily, and granted him the power of metamorphosing himself into
whatever shape he pleased. He made use of this privilege to seduce
the neighbouring nymphs.

♦ ‘Cicily’ replaced with ‘Sicily’

=Crino=, a daughter of Antenor. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 27.――――One
of the Danaides. _Apollodorus._

=Crison=, a man of Himera, who obtained a prize at Olympia, &c.
_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 23.

=Crispīna=, a Roman matron, &c. _Tacitus_, bk. 1, _Histories_, ch. 47.

=Crispīnus=, a pretorian, who, though originally a slave in Egypt,
was, after the acquisition of riches, raised to the honours of Roman
knighthood by Domitian. _Juvenal_, satire 1, li. 26.――――A stoic
philosopher, as remarkable for his loquacity as for the foolish and
tedious poem which he wrote, to explain the tenets of his own sect,
to which _Horace_ alludes in the last verses of bk. 1, satire 1.

=Crispus Sallustius.= _See:_ Sallustius.――――Virio, a famous orator.
_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――――The second husband of Agrippina.
――――Flavius Julius, a son of the Great Constantine, made Cæsar by
his father, and distinguished for valour and extensive knowledge.
Fausta, his stepmother, wished to seduce him; and when he refused,
she accused him before Constantine, who believed the crime, and
caused his son to be poisoned, A.D. 326.

=Crissæus sinus=, a bay on the coast of Peloponnesus, near Corinth,
now the bay of _Salona_. It received its name from _Crissa_, a town
of Phocis, situate on the bay and near Delphi.

=Critāla=, a town of Cappadocia. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 26.

=Crithēis=, a daughter of Melanippus, who became pregnant by an unknown
person, and afterwards married Phemicis of Smyrna, and brought forth
the poet Homer, according to _Herodotus_, _Life of Homer_.

=Crithōte=, a town of the Thracian Chersonesus. _Cornelius Nepos._

=Critias=, one of the 30 tyrants set over Athens by the Spartans.
He was eloquent and well-bred, but of dangerous principles, and he
cruelly persecuted his enemies, and put them to death. He was killed
in a battle against those citizens whom his oppression had banished.
He had been among the disciples of Socrates, and had written elegies
and other compositions, of which some fragments remain. _Cicero_, bk.
2, _On Oratory_.――――A philosopher.――――A man who wrote on republics.
――――Another who addressed an elegy to Alcibiades.

=Crito=, one of the disciples of Socrates, who attended his learned
preceptor in his last moments, and composed some dialogues, now
lost. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――A physician in the age of Artaxerxes
Longimanus.――――An historian of Naxus, who wrote an account of all
that had happened during eight particular years of his life.――――A
Macedonian historian, who wrote an account of Pallene, of Persia,
of the foundation of Syracuse, of the Getæ, &c.

=Critobūlus=, a general of Phocis, at the battle of Thermopylæ, between
Antiochus and the Romans. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 20.――――A physician
in the age of Philip king of Macedonia. _Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 37.――――A
son of Crito, disciple to Socrates. _Diogenes Laërtius_, _Crito_.

=Critodēmus=, an ancient historian. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 76.

=Critognātus=, a celebrated warrior of Alesia, when Cæsar was in Gaul.
_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_.

=Critolāus=, a citizen of Tegea in Arcadia, who, with two brothers,
fought against the three sons of Demostratus of Pheneus, to put an
end to the long war between their respective nations. The brothers
of Critolaus were both killed, and he alone remained to withstand
his three bold antagonists. He conquered them; and when, at his
return, his sister deplored the death of one of his antagonists to
whom she was betrothed, he killed her in a fit of resentment. The
offence deserved capital punishment; but he was pardoned, on account
of the services he had rendered his country. He was afterwards
general of the Achæans, and it is said that he poisoned himself,
because he had been conquered at Thermopylæ by the Romans. _Cicero_,
_de Natura Deorum_.――――A peripatetic philosopher of Athens, sent
ambassador to Rome, &c., 140 B.C. _Cicero_, bk. 2, _On Oratory_.
――――An historian who wrote about Epirus.

=Crius=, a soothsayer, son of Theocles. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 13.
――――A man of Ægina, &c. _Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 50.――――A river of
Achaia, called after a giant of the same name. _Pausanias_, bk. 7,
ch. 27.

=Crobialus=, a town of Paphlagonia.

=Crobyzi=, a people of Thrace.

=Crŏcăle=, one of Diana’s attendants. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3.

=Croceæ=, a town of Laconia. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 21.

=Crocodilopŏ1is=, a town of Egypt, near the Nile, above Memphis. The
crocodiles were held there in the greatest veneration; and they were
so tame, that they came to feed from the hand of their feeders. It
was afterwards called Arsinoe. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 69.――_Strabo_,
bk. 17.

=Crocus=, a beautiful youth enamoured of the nymph Smilax. He was
changed into a flower of the same name, on account of the impatience
of his love, and Smilax was metamorphosed into a yew tree. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 283.

=Crœsus=, the fifth and last of the Mermnadæ, who reigned in Lydia,
was son of Alyattes, and passed for the richest of mankind. He was
the first who made the Greeks of Asia tributary to the Lydians. His
court was the asylum of learning; and Æsop the famous fable-writer,
among others, lived under his patronage. In a conversation with
Solon, Crœsus wished to be thought the happiest of mankind; but the
philosopher apprised him of his mistake, and gave the preference to
poverty and domestic virtue. Crœsus undertook a war against Cyrus
the king of Persia, and marched to meet him with an army of 420,000
men and 60,000 horse. After a reign of 14 years, he was defeated,
B.C. 548; his capital was besieged, and he fell into the conqueror’s
hands, who ordered him to be burnt alive. The pile was already on
fire, when Cyrus heard the conquered monarch three times exclaim,
“Solon!” with lamentable energy. He asked him the reason of his
exclamation, and Crœsus repeated the conversation which he had
once with Solon on human happiness. Cyrus was moved at the recital,
and at the recollection of the inconstancy of human affairs, he
ordered Crœsus to be taken from the burning pile, and he became one
of his most intimate friends. The kingdom of Lydia became extinct
in his person, and the power was transferred to Persia. Crœsus
survived Cyrus. The manner of his death is unknown. He is celebrated
for the immensely rich presents which he made to the temple of
Delphi, from which he received an obscure and ambiguous oracle,
which he interpreted in his favour, and which was fulfilled in
the destruction of his empire. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 26, &c.
――_Plutarch_, _Solon_, bk. 8, ch. 24.――_Justin_, bk. 1, ch. 7.

=Cromi=, a people of Arcadia.

=Cromītis=, a country of Arcadia.

=Crommyon= and =Cromyon=, a place of Attica, where Perseus killed
a large sow that laid waste the neighbouring country. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7.――_Xenophon._――――A town near Corinth.
_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 1.

=Cromna=, a town of Bithyna.

=Cromus=, a son of Neptune. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――――A son of
Lycaon. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 3.

=Cronia=, a festival at Athens in honour of Saturn. The Rhodians
observed the same festival, and generally sacrificed to the god a
condemned malefactor.

=Cronium=, a town of Elis,――――of Sicily.

=Crophi=, a mountain of Egypt, near which were the sources of the Nile,
according to some traditions, in the city of _Sais_. _Herodotus_,
bk. 2, ch. 28.

=Crossæa=, a country situate partly in Thrace, and partly in Macedonia.
_Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 123.

=Crotălus=, a navigable river of Italy. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 10.

=Croton=, a man killed by Hercules, by whom he was afterwards greatly
honoured. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.

=Crŏtōna=, a town of Italy, still known by the same name, in the bay
of Tarentum, founded 759 years before the Augustan age, by a colony
from Achaia. The inhabitants were excellent warriors, and great
wrestlers. Democedes, Alcmæon, Milo, &c., were natives of this place.
It was surrounded with a wall 12 miles in circumference, before the
arrival of Pyrrhus in Italy. Crotona struggled in vain against the
attacks of Dionysius of Sicily, who took it. It suffered likewise
in the wars of Pyrrhus and Annibal, but it received ample glory, in
being the place where Pythagoras established his school. _Herodotus_,
bk. 8, ch. 47.――_Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 96.――_Livy_,
bk. 1, ch. 18; bk. 24, ch. 3.――_Justin_, bk. 20, ch. 2.

=Crotoniatæ=, the inhabitants of Crotona. _Cicero_, _de Inventione_,
bk. 2, ch. 1.

=Crotoniatis=, a part of Italy, of which Crotona is the capital.
_Thucydides_, bk. 7, ch. 35.

=Crotopiădes=, a patronymic of Linus, as grandson of Crotopus.

=Crotōpias=, the patronymic of Linus grandson of Crotopus. _Ovid_,
_Ibis_, li. 480.

=Crotōpus=, a king of Argos, son of Agenor, and father to Psamathe the
mother of Linus by Apollo. _Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 480.

=Crotus=, a son of Eumene the nurse of the Muses. He devoted his life
to the labours of the chase, and after death Jupiter placed him
among the constellations, under the name of Sagittarius. _Pausanias_,
bk. 9, ch. 29.

=Crunos=, a town of Peloponnesus. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.

=Crusis=, a place near Olynthos.

=Crustŭmĕrium= and =Crustumeria=, a town of the Sabines. _Livy_, bk. 4,
ch. 9; bk. 42, ch. 34.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 631.

=Crustūmīnum=, a town of Etruria, near Veii, famous for pears; whence
the adjective _Crustumia_. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 88.

=Crustŭmium=, =Crustunus=, and =Crusturnenius=, now _Conca_, a river
flowing from the Apennines by Ariminum. _Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 406.

=Crynis=, a river of Bithynia.

=Crypta=, a passage through mount Pausilypus. _See:_ Pausilypus.

=Cteătus=, one of the Grecian chiefs before Troy. _Pausanias_, bk. 5,
ch. 4.

=Ctemene=, a town of Thessaly.

=Ctenos=, a harbour of Chersonesus Taurica.

=Ctesias=, a Greek historian and physician of Cnidos, taken prisoner
by Artaxerxes Mnemon at the battle of Cunaxa. He cured the king’s
wounds, and was his physician for 17 years. He wrote a history of
the Assyrians and Persians, which Justin and Diodorus have partially
preferred to that of Herodotus. Some fragments of his compositions
have been preserved by Photius, and are to be found in Wesseling’s
edition of Herodotus. _Strabo_, bk. 1.――_Athenæus_, bk. 12.
――_Plutarch_, _Artaxerxes_.――――A sycophant of Athens.――――An
historian of Ephesus.

=Ctesibius=, a mathematician of Alexandria, who flourished 135
years B. C. He was the inventor of the pump and other hydraulic
instruments. He also invented a _clepsydra_, or water clock. This
invention of measuring time by water was wonderful and ingenious.
Water was made to drop upon wheels, which it turned. The wheels
communicated their regular motion to a small wooden image, which,
by a gradual rise, pointed with a stick to the proper hours and
months, which were engraved on a column near the machine. This artful
invention gave rise to many improvements; and the modern manner of
measuring time with an hour-glass is an imitation of the clepsydra
of Ctesibius. _Vitruvius_, _On Architecture_, bk. 9, ch. 9.――――A
cynic philosopher.――――An historian, who flourished 254 years B.C.,
and died in his 104th year. _Plutarch_, _Demosthenes_.

=Ctesĭcle=, a general of Zacynthos.

=Ctesidēmus=, a painter who had Antiphilus for pupil. _Pliny_, bk. 35,
ch. 10.

=Ctesilŏchus=, a noble painter, who represented Jupiter as bringing
forth Bacchus. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.

=Ctesĭphon=, an Athenian, son of Leosthenes, who advised his
fellow-citizens publicly to present Demosthenes with a golden crown
for his probity and virtue. This was opposed by the orator Æschines,
the rival of Demosthenes, who accused Ctesiphon of seditious views.
Demosthenes undertook the defence of his friend, in a celebrated
oration still extant, and Æschines was banished. _Demosthenes_
& _Æschines_, _On the Crown_.――――A Greek architect, who made the
plan of Diana’s temple at Ephesus.――――An elegiac poet, whom king
Attalus sat over his possessions in Æolia. _Athenæus_, bk. 13.――――A
Greek historian, who wrote a history of Bœotia, besides a treatise
on trees and plants. ♦_Plutarch_, _Theseus_.――――A large village
of Assyria, now _Elmodain_, on the banks of the Tigris, where the
kings of Parthia generally resided on account of the mildness of the
climate. _Strabo_, bk. 15.――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 26.

♦ ‘Put.’ replaced with ‘Plutarch’

=Ctesippus=, a son of Chabrias. After his father’s death he was
received into the house of Phocion, the friend of Chabrias. Phocion
attempted in vain to correct his natural foibles and extravagancies.
_Plutarch_, _Phocion_.――――A man who wrote a history of Scythia.
――――One of the descendants of Hercules.

=Ctimĕne=, the youngest daughter of Laertes by Anticlea. _Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 15, li. 334.

=Cularo=, a town of the Allobroges in Gaul, called afterwards
_Gratianopolis_, and now _Grenoble_. _Cicero_, _Letters to his
Friends_.

=Cuma= and =Cumæ=, a town of Æolia, in Asia Minor. The inhabitants
have been accused of stupidity for not laying a tax upon all the
goods which entered their harbour during 300 years. They were called
_Cumani_. _Strabo_, bk. 13.――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 4.――――A city
of Campania, near Puteoli, founded by a colony from Chalcis and Cumæ,
of Æolia, before the Trojan war. The inhabitants were called _Cumæi_
and _Cumani_. There was one of the Sibyls that fixed her residence
in a cave in the neighbourhood, and was called the _Cumæan_ Sibyl.
_See:_ Sibyllæ.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 712; _Fasti_,
bk. 4, li. 158; _Ex Ponto_, bk. 2, poem 8, li. 41.――_Cicero_, _De
Lege Agraria contra Rullum_, bk. 2, ch. 26.――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch.
4.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 441.――_Livy_, bk. 4.――_Ptolemy_,
bk. 3.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.

=Cumānum=, a country house of Pompey, near Cumæ. _Cicero_, _Letters to
Atticus_, bk. 4, ltr. 10.――――Another of Varro. _Cicero_, _Academica_,
bk. 1, ch. 1.

=Cunaxa=, a place of Assyria, 500 stadia from Babylon, famous for a
battle fought there between Artaxerxes and his brother Cyrus the
younger, B.C. 401. The latter entered the field of battle with 113,
000 men, and the former’s forces amounted to 900,000 men. The valour
and the retreat of the 10,000 Greeks, who were among the troops
of Cyrus, are well known, and have been celebrated by the pen of
Xenophon, who was present at the battle, and who had the principal
care of the retreat. _Plutarch_, _Artaxerxes_.――_Ctesias._

=Cuneus=, a cape of Spain, now _Algarve_, extending into the sea in
the form of a wedge. _Mela_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 22.

=Capāvo=, a son of Cycnus, who assisted Æneas against Turnus. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 186.

=Cupentus=, a friend of Turnus, killed by Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 12, li. 539.

=Cupīdo=, a celebrated deity among the ancients, god of love, and
love itself. There are different traditions concerning his parents.
Cicero mentions three Cupids: one, son of Mercury and Diana; another,
son of Mercury and Venus; and the third, of Mars and Venus. Plato
mentions two; Hesiod, the most ancient theogonist, speaks only of
one, who as he says, was produced at the same time as Chaos and
the earth. There are, according to the more received opinions, two
Cupids, one of whom is a lively, ingenious youth, son of Jupiter and
Venus; whilst the other, son of Nox and Erebus, is distinguished by
his debauchery and riotous disposition. Cupid is represented as a
winged infant, naked, armed with a bow and a quiver full of arrows.
On gems, and all other pieces of antiquity, he is represented as
amusing himself with some childish diversion. Sometimes he appears
driving a hoop, throwing a quoit, playing with a nymph, catching
a butterfly, or trying to burn with a torch; at other times he
plays upon a horn before his mother, or closely embraces a swan,
or with one foot raised in the air, he, in a musing posture, seems
to meditate some trick. Sometimes, like a conqueror, he marches
triumphantly, with a helmet on his head, a spear on his shoulder,
and a buckler on his arm, intimating that even Mars himself owns
the superiority of love. His power was generally known by his riding
on the back of a lion, or on a dolphin, or breaking to pieces the
thunderbolts of Jupiter. Among the ancients he was worshipped with
the same solemnity as his mother Venus, and as his influence was
extended over the heavens, the sea, and the earth, and even the
empire of the dead, his divinity was universally acknowledged, and
vows, prayers, and sacrifices were daily offered to him. According
to some accounts, the union of Cupid with Chaos gave birth to men,
and all the animals which inhabit the earth, and even the gods
themselves, were the offspring of love, before the foundation of the
world. Cupid, like the rest of the gods, assumed different shapes;
and we find him in the Æneid putting on, at the request of his
mother, the form of Ascanius, and going to Dido’s court, where he
inspired the queen with love. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 693, &c.
――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 1, fable 10.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 121, &c.――_Oppian_,
_Halieutica_, bk. 4.――_Cynegetica_, bk. 2.――_Bion_, _Idylls_, bk. 3.
――_Moschus._――_Euripides_, _Hippolytus_.――_Theocritus_, _Idylls_,
poems 3, 11, &c.

=Cupiennius=, a friend of Augustus, who made himself ridiculous for
the nicety and effeminacy of his dress. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 2,
li. 36.

=Cures=, a town of the Sabines, of which Tatius was king. The
inhabitants, called _Quirites_, were carried to Rome, of which
they became citizens. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 292; bk. 8,
li. 638.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 13.――_Macrobius_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 2, lis. 477 & 480; bk. 3, li. 94.

=Curētes=, a people of Crete, called also _Corybantes_, who, according
to Ovid, were produced from rain. Their knowledge of all the arts
was extensive, and they communicated it to many parts of ancient
Greece. They were entrusted with the education of Jupiter, and
to prevent his being discovered by his father, they invented a
kind of dance, and drowned his cries in the harsh sounds of their
shields and cymbals. As a reward for their attention, they were made
priests and favourite ministers of Rhea, called also Cybele, who had
entrusted them with the care of Jupiter. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_,
bk. 2.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 151.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 33.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4,
li. 282; _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 210.

=Curētis=, a name given to Crete, as being the residence of the
Curetes. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 136.

=Curia=, a division of the Roman tribes. Romulus originally divided
the people into three tribes, and each tribe into 10 Curiæ. Over
each Curia was appointed a priest, who officiated at the sacrifices
of his respective assembly. The sacrifices were called _Curionia_
and the priest _Curio_. He was to be above the age of 50. His morals
were to be pure and unexceptionable, and his body free from all
defects. The _Curiones_ were elected by their respective Curiæ, and
above them was a superior priest called _Curio maximus_, chosen by
all the Curiæ in a public assembly.――――The word _Curia_ was also
applied to public edifices among the Romans. These were generally of
two sorts, divine and civil. In the former were held the assemblies
of the priests, and of every religious order, for the regulation
of religious sacrifices and ceremonies. The other was appointed
for the senate, where they assembled for the despatch of public
business. The Curia was solemnly consecrated by the Augurs, before
a lawful assembly could be convened there. There were three at Rome,
which more particularly claim our attention: _Curia Hostilia_, built
by king Tullus Hostilius: _Curia Pompeii_, where Julius Cæsar was
murdered; and _Curia Augusti_, the palace and court of the emperor
Augustus.――――A town of the Rhœti, now _Coire_, the capital of the
Grisons.

=Curia lex=, _de Comitiis_, was enacted by Marcus Curius Dentatus the
tribune. It forbade the convening of the _Comitia_, for the election
of magistrates, without a previous permission from the senate.

=Curias.= _See:_ Curium.

=Curiatii=, a family of Alba, which was carried to Rome by Tullus
Hostilius, and entered among the patricians. The three Curiatii,
who engaged the Horatii, and lost the victory, were of this family.
_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 5.
――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 24.

♦=Caius Curio=, an excellent orator, who called Cæsar in full senate,
_Omnium mulierum virum et omnium virorum mulierem_. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 21, ch. 7.――_Suetonius_, _Cæsar_, ch. 49.――_Cicero_,
_Brutus_.――――His son Caius Scribonius, was tribune of the people,
and an intimate friend of Cæsar. He saved Cæsar’s life as he returned
from the senate house, after the debates concerning the punishments
which ought to be inflicted on the adherents of Catiline. He killed
himself in Africa. _Florus_, bk. 4, ch. 2.――_Plutarch_, _Pompey_ &
_Cæsar_, ch. 49.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 9, ch. 1.――_Lucan_, bk. 4,
li. 268.

♦ ‘Q.’ replaced with ‘Caius’

=Curiosolitæ=, a people among the Celtæ, who inhabited the country
which now forms Lower Brittany. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 2, ch. 34;
bk. 3, ch. 11.

=Curium=, a town of Cyprus, at a small distance from which, in the
south of the island, there is a Cape, which bears the name of
_Curias_. _Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 113.

=Curius Dentātus Marcus Annius=, a Roman celebrated for his fortitude
and frugality. He was three times consul, and was twice honoured
with a triumph. He obtained decisive victories over the Samnites,
the Sabines, and the Lucanians, and defeated Pyrrhus near Tarentum.
The ambassadors of the Samnites visited his cottage, while he was
boiling some vegetables in an earthen pot, and they attempted to
bribe him by the offer of large presents. He refused their offers
with contempt, and said. “I prefer my earthen pots to all your
vessels of gold and silver, and it is my wish to command those who
are in possession of money, while I am deprived of it, and live in
poverty.” _Plutarch_, _Marcus Cato_.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 12, li.
41.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 15.――――A lieutenant of Cæsar’s cavalry,
to whom six cohorts of Pompey revolted, &c. _Cæsar_, _Civil War_,
♦bk. 1, ch. 24.

♦ Book number omitted in text.

=Curtia=, a patrician family, which migrated with Tatius to Rome.

=Curtīllus=, a celebrated epicure, &c. _Horace_, bk. 2, satire 8,
li. 52.

=Marcus Curtius=, a Roman youth who devoted himself to the gods’
manes for the safety of his country about 360 years B.C. A wide gap,
called afterwards _Curtius lacus_, had suddenly opened in the forum,
and the oracle had said that it never would close before Rome threw
into it whatever it had most precious. Curtius immediately perceived
that no less than a human sacrifice was required. He armed himself,
mounted his horse, and solemnly threw himself into the gulf, which
immediately closed over his head. _Livy_, bk. 7, ch. 6.――_Valerius
Maximus_, bk. 5, ch. 6.――――Quintus Rufus. _See:_ Quintus.――――Nicias,
a grammarian, intimate with Pompey, &c. _Suetonius_, _Lives of
the Grammarians_.――――Montanus, an orator and poet under Vespasian.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 4.――――Atticus, a Roman knight, who
accompanied Tiberius in his retreat into Campania. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 4.――――Lacus, the gulf into which Curtius leaped.
_See:_ Marcus Curtius.――――Fons, a stream which conveyed water to
Rome from the distance of 40 miles, by an aqueduct so elevated as
to be distributed through all the hills of the city. _Pliny_, bk. 36,
ch. 15.

=Curūlis magistratus=, a state officer at Rome, who had the privilege
of sitting in an ivory chair in public assemblies. The dictator,
the consuls, the censors, the pretors, and ediles, claimed that
privilege, and therefore were called _curules magistratus_. The
senators who had passed through the above-mentioned offices, were
generally carried to the senate-house in ivory chairs, as also all
generals in their triumphant procession to the Capitol. When names
of distinction began to be known among the Romans, the descendants
of curule magistrates were called _nobiles_, the first of a family
who discharged that office were known by the name of _notii_, and
those that had never been in office were called _ignobiles_.

=Cussæi=, a nation of Asia, destroyed by Alexander to appease the
manes of Hephæstion. _Plutarch_, _Alexander_.

=Cusus=, a river of Hungary falling into the Danube, now the _Vag_.

=Cutilium=, a town of the Sabines, near a lake which contained a
floating island, and of which the water was of an unusually cold
quality. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 12; bk. 31, ch. 2.――_Seneca_, _Naturales
quaestiones_, bk. 3, ch. 25.――_Livy_, bk. 26, ch. 11.

=Cyamosōrus=, a river of Sicily.

=Cyăne=, a nymph of Syracuse, to whom her father offered violence in
a fit of drunkenness. She dragged her ravisher to the altar, where
she sacrificed him, and killed herself to stop a pestilence, which,
from that circumstance, had already begun to afflict the country.
_Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_――――A nymph of Sicily, who endeavoured
to assist Proserpine when she was carried away by Pluto. The god
changed her into a fountain now called _Pisme_, a few miles from
Syracuse. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 112.――――A town of
Lycia. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 27.――――An inn-keeper, &c. _Juvenal_,
satire 8, li. 162.

=Cyăneæ=, now _the Pavorane_, two rugged islands at the entrance
of the Euxine sea, about 20 stadia from the mouth of the Thracian
Bosphorus. One of them is on the side of Asia, and the other on the
European coast, and, according to Strabo, there is only a space of
20 furlongs between them. The waves of the sea, which continually
break against them with a violent noise, fill the air with a
darkening foam, and render the passage extremely dangerous. The
ancients supposed that these islands floated, and even sometimes
united to crush vessels into pieces when they passed through the
straits. This tradition arose from their appearing, like all other
objects, to draw nearer when navigators approached them. They were
sometimes called _Symplegades_ and _Planetæ_. Their true situation
and form was first explored and ascertained by the Argonauts.
_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 12.――_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 85.――_Apollonius_,
bk. 2, lis. 317 & 600.――_Lycophron_, li. 1285.――_Strabo_, bks. 1 &
3.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 1, poem 9, li. 34.

=Cyanee= and =Cyanea=, a daughter of the Mæander, mother of Byblis
and Caunus by Miletus, Apollo’s son. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9,
li. 451.

=Cyaneus=, a large river of Colchis.

=Cyanippe=, a daughter of Adrastus.

=Cyanippus=, a Syracusan, who derided the orgies of Bacchus, for
which impiety the god so inebriated him, that he offered violence
to his daughter Cyane, who sacrificed him on the altar. _Plutarch_,
_Parallela minora_.――――A Thessalian, whose wife met with the same
fate as Procris. _Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.

=Cyaraxes=, or =Cyaxares=, son of Phraortes, was king of Media and
Persia. He bravely defended his kingdom, which the Scythians had
invaded. He made war against Alyattes king of Lydia, and subjected
to his power all Asia beyond the river Halys. He died after a reign
of 40 years, B.C. 585. _Diodorus_, bk. 2.――_Herodotus_, bk. 1, chs.
73 & 103.――――Another prince, supposed by some to be the same as
Darius the Mede. He was the son of Astyages king of Media. He added
seven provinces to his father’s dominions, and made war against the
Assyrians, whom Cyrus favoured. _Xenophon_, _Cyropædia_, bk. 1.

=Cybēbe=, a name of Cybele, from ♦κυβηβειν, because in the celebration
of her festivals men were driven to madness.

♦ ‘κυβμβειν’ replaced with ‘κυβηβειν’

=Cybĕle=, a goddess, daughter of Cœlus and Terra, and wife of Saturn.
She is supposed to be the same as Ceres, Rhea, Ops, Vesta, Bona
Mater, Magna Mater, Berecynthia, Dindymene, &c. According to Diodorus,
she was the daughter of a Lydian prince called Menos, by his wife
Dindymene, and he adds, that as soon as she was born she was exposed
on a mountain. She was preserved and suckled by some of the wild
beasts of the forest, and received the name of Cybele from the
mountain where her life had been preserved. When she returned to her
father’s court, she had an intrigue with Atys, a beautiful youth,
whom her father mutilated, &c. All the mythologists are unanimous
in mentioning the amours of Atys and Cybele. The partiality of the
goddess for Atys seems to arise from his having first introduced
her worship in Phrygia. She enjoined him perpetual celibacy, and
the violation of his promise was expiated by voluntary mutilation.
In Phrygia the festivals of Cybele were observed with the greatest
solemnity. Her priests, called Corybantes, Galli, &c., were not
admitted in the service of the goddess without a previous mutilation.
In the celebration of the festivals, they imitated the manners of
madmen, and filled the air with dreadful shrieks and howlings, mixed
with the confused noise of drums, tabrets, bucklers, and spears.
This was in commemoration of the sorrow of Cybele for the loss of
her favourite Atys. Cybele was generally represented as a robust
woman, far advanced in her pregnancy, to intimate the fecundity
of the earth. She held keys in her hand, and her head was crowned
with rising turrets, and sometimes with the leaves of an oak. She
sometimes appears riding in a chariot drawn by two tame lions; Atys
follows by her side, carrying a ball in his hand, and supporting
himself upon a fir tree, which is sacred to the goddess. Sometimes
Cybele is represented with a sceptre in her hand, with her head
covered with a tower. She is also seen with many breasts, to show
that the earth gives aliments to all living creatures; and she
generally carries two lions under her arms. From Phrygia the worship
of Cybele passed into Greece, and was solemnly established at
Eleusis, under the name of the Eleusinian mysteries of Ceres. The
Romans, by order of the Sibylline books, brought the statue of the
goddess from Pessinus into Italy; and when the ship which carried
it had run on a shallow bank of the Tiber, the virtue and innocence
of Claudia were vindicated in removing it with her girdle. It is
supposed that the mysteries of Cybele were first known about 1580
years B.C. The Romans were particularly superstitious in washing
every year, on the 6th of the calends of April, the shrine of this
goddess in the waters of the river Almon. There prevailed many
obscenities in the observation of the festivals, and the priests
themselves were the most eager to use indecent expressions, and to
show their unbounded licentiousness by the impurity of their actions.
_See:_ Atys, Eleusis, Rhea, Corybantes, Galli, &c. _Augustine_,
_City of God_, &c.――_Lactantius._――_Lucian_, _De Syria Dea_.
――_Diodorus_, bk. 3.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 617; bk. 10,
li. 252.――_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 566.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 4, lis.
210 & 361.――_Plutarch_, _de Garrulitate_.――_Cicero_, _Letters to
Atticus_.――_Cælius_, _Rhodiginus_, ♦bk. 18, ch. 17, &c.

♦ ‘8’ replaced with ‘18’

=Cybĕle= and =Cybela=, a town of Phrygia. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.

=Cybĕlus=, a mountain of Phrygia, where Cybele was worshipped.

=Cy̆bĭra=, a town of Phrygia, whence Cybiraticus. _Horace_, bk. 1,
ltr. 6, li. 33.

=Cybistria=, a town of Cappadocia. _Cicero_, _Letters to his Friends_,
bk. 15.

=Cycesium=, a town of Peloponnesus, near Pisa.

=Cychreus=, a son of Neptune and Salamis. After death he was honoured
as a god in Salamis and Attica. As he left no children, he made
Telamon his successor, because he had freed the country from
a monstrous serpent. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 35.――_Plutarch_,
_Theseus_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.

=Cyclădes=, a name given to certain islands of the Ægean sea, those
particularly that surround Delos as with a circle; whence the name
(κυκλος, _circulus_). They were about 53 in number, the principal
of which were Ceos, Naxos, Andros, Paros, Melos, Seriphos, Gyarus,
Tenedos, &c. The Cyclades were reduced under the power of Athens by
Miltiades; but during the invasion of Greece by the Persians, they
revolted from their ancient and natural allies. _Cornelius Nepos_,
_Miltiades_, ch. 2.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.
――_Ptolemy_, bk. 3, ch. 15.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Dionysius Periegeta._
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 64.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3,
li. 127; bk. 8, li. 692.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 4, li. 247.

=Cyclōpes=, a certain race of men of gigantic stature, supposed to be
the sons of Cœlus and Terra. They had but one eye, in the middle of
the forehead; whence their name (κυκλος, _circulus_, ὠψ, _oculus_).
They were three in number, according to Hesiod, called Arges,
Brontes, and Steropes. Their number was greater according to other
mythologists, and in the age of Ulysses, Polyphemus was their king.
_See:_ Polyphemus. They inhabited the western parts of the island
of Sicily; and because they were uncivilized in their manners, the
poets speak of them as men-eaters. The tradition of their having
only one eye originates from their custom of wearing small bucklers
of steel which covered their faces, and had a small aperture in the
middle, which corresponded exactly to the eye. From their vicinity
to mount Ætna, they have been supposed to be the workmen of Vulcan,
and to have fabricated the thunderbolts of Jupiter. The most solid
walls and impregnable fortresses were said, among the ancients, to
be the work of the Cyclops, to render them more respectable; and we
find that Jupiter was armed with what they had fabricated, and that
the shield of Pluto, and the trident of Neptune, were the produce of
their labour. The Cyclops were reckoned among the gods, and we find
a temple dedicated to their service at Corinth, where sacrifices
were solemnly offered. Apollo destroyed them all, because they had
made the thunderbolts of Jupiter, with which his son Æsculapius had
been killed. From the different accounts given of the Cyclops by the
ancients, it may be concluded that they were all the same people,
to whom various functions have been attributed, which cannot be
reconciled one to the other, without drawing the pencil of fiction
or mythology. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, chs. 1 & 2.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_,
bks. 1 & 9.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 140.――_Theocritus_, _Idylls_,
poem 1, &c.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 170;
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 630; bk. 8, li. 418, &c.; bk. 11, li. 263.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 780; bk. 14, li. 249.――――A
people of Asia.

=Cycnus=, a son of Mars by Pelopea, killed by Hercules. The manner of
his death provoked Mars to such a degree that he resolved severely
to punish his murderer, but he was prevented by the thunderbolts of
Jupiter. _Hyginus_, fables 31 & 261.――_Hesiod_, _Shield of Heracles_.
――――A son of Neptune, invulnerable in every part of his body.
Achilles fought against him; but when he saw that his darts were of
no effect, he threw him on the ground and smothered him. He stripped
him of his armour, and saw him suddenly changed into a bird of the
same name. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, fable 3.――――A son of
Hyrie, changed into a swan.――――A son of Sthenelus king of Liguria.
He was deeply afflicted at the death of his friend and relation
Phaeton, and in the midst of his lamentations he was metamorphosed
into a swan. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 367.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 189.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 30.――――A horse’s
name. _Statius_, bk. 6, _Thebiad_ li. 524.

=Cydas=, a profligate Cretan, made judge at Rome by Antony. _Cicero_,
_Philippics_, speeches 5 & 8.

=Cydias=, an Athenian of great valour, &c. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 21.
――――A painter who made a painting of the Argonauts. This celebrated
piece was bought by the orator Hortensius, for 164 talents. _Pliny_,
bk. 34.

=Cydippe=, the wife of Anaxilaus, &c. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 165.
――――The mother of Cleobis and Biton. _See:_ Cleobis.――――A girl
beloved by Acontius. _See:_ Acontius.――――One of Cyrene’s attendants.
_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 329.

=Cydnus=, a river of Cilicia, near Tarsus, where Alexander bathed
when covered with sweat. The consequences proved almost fatal to
the monarch. _Curtius_, bk. 3, ch. 4.――_Justin_, bk. 11, ch. 8.

=Cydon=, a friend of Turnus against Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10,
li. 335.

=Cydon= and =Cydonia=, now _Canea_, a town of Crete, built by a colony
from Samos. It was supposed that Minos generally resided there.
Hence _Cydoneus_. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 22.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 858.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 2, li. 109.――_Livy_,
bk. 37, ch. 60.――_Lucan_, bk. 7, li. 229.

=Cydonia=, an island opposite Lesbos. _Pliny_, bks. 2 & 4.

=Cydrara=, a city of Phrygia. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 30.

=Cydrolāus=, a man who led a colony to Samos. _Diodorus_, bk. 5.

=Cygnus.= _See:_ Cycnus.

=Cylabus=, a place near Argos in Peloponnesus. ♦_Plutarch_, _Pyrrhus_.

♦ ‘Piut.’ replaced with ‘Plutarch’

=Cylbiani=, mountains of Phrygia where the Gayster takes its rise.
_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 29.

=Cylices=, a people among the Illyrians. There was in their country a
monument in honour of Cadmus. _Athenæus._

=Cylindus=, a son of Phryxus and Calliope.

=Cyllabaris=, a public place for exercises at Argos, where was a
statue of Minerva. _Pausanias_, _Corinthia_.

=Cyllabărus=, a gallant of the wife of Diomedes, &c.

=Cyllărus=, the most beautiful of all the Centaurs, passionately
fond of Hylonome. They perished both at the same time. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, li. 408.――――A celebrated horse of Pollux or
of Castor, according to Seneca. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3, li. 90.

=Cyllen=, a son of Elatus. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 4.

=Cyllēne=, the mother of Lycaon by Pelasgus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 8.――――A naval station of Elis in Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 23.――――A mountain of Arcadia, with a small town on its
declivity, which received its name from Cyllen. Mercury was born
there; hence his surname of _Cylleneius_, which is indiscriminately
applied to anything he invented, or over which he presided. _Lucan_,
bk. 1, li. 663.――_Horace_, epode 13, li. 13.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8,
ch. 17.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 139.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 13, li. 146; _Ars Amatoria_, bk. 3, li. 147.

=Cyllēnēius=, a surname of Mercury, from his being born on the mountain
of Cyllene.

=Cyllyrii=, certain slaves at Syracuse. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 155.

=Cylon=, an Athenian who aspired to tyranny. _Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 71.

=Cyma=, or =Cymæ=, the largest and most beautiful town of Æolia,
called also _Phriconis_, and _Phricontis_, and _Cumæ_. _See:_ Cumæ.
_Livy_, bk. 37, ch. 11.――_Cicero_, _Flaccus_, ch. 20.――_Herodotus_,
bk. 1, ch. 149.

=Cymodŏce=, =Cyme=, and =Cymo=, one of the Nereides. _Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 255.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 388.

=Cymōlus= and =Cimōlus=, an island of the Cretan sea. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 463.

=Cymŏthoe=, one of the Nereides, represented by _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 1, li. 148, as assisting the Trojans with Triton after the storm
with which Æolus, at the request of Juno, had afflicted the fleet.

=Cynara=, one of Horace’s favourites. Bk. 4, ode 1, li. 4.

=Cynægīrus=, an Athenian, celebrated for his extraordinary courage.
He was brother to the poet Æschylus. After the battle of Marathon,
he pursued the flying Persians to their ships, and seized one of
their vessels with his right hand, which was immediately severed by
the enemy. Upon this he seized the vessel with his left hand, and
when he had lost that also, he still kept his hold with his teeth.
_Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 114.――_Justin_, bk. 2, ch. 9.

=Cynæthium=, a town of Arcadia, founded by one of the companions of
Æneas. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus._

=Cynāne=, a daughter of Philip king of Macedonia, who married Amyntas
son of Perdiccas, by whom she had Eurydice. _Polyænus_, bk. 8.

=Cynāpes=, a river falling into the Euxine. _Ovid_, bk. 4, _ex Ponto_,
ltr. 10, li. 49.

=Cynaxa.= _See:_ Cunaxa.

=Cyneas.= _See:_ Cineas.

=Cynesii= and =Cynetæ=, a nation on the remotest shores of Europe,
towards the ocean. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 33.

=Cynethussa=, an island in the Ægean sea. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.

=Cynia=, a lake of Acarcania. _Strabo_, bk. 16.

=Cynĭci=, a sect of philosophers founded by Antisthenes the Athenian.
They received this name _à caninâ mordacitate_, from their canine
propensity to criticize the lives and actions of men, or because,
like dogs, they were not ashamed to gratify their criminal desires
publicly. They were famous for their contempt of riches, for their
negligence of their dress, and the length of their beards. Diogenes
was one of their sect. They generally slept on the ground. _Cicero_,
bk. 1, _De Officiis_, chs. 35 & 41.

=Cynisca=, a daughter of Archidamus king of Sparta, who obtained the
first prize in the chariot-races at the Olympic games. _Pausanias_,
bk. 3, ch. 8.

=Cyno=, a woman who preserved the life of Cyrus. _Herodotus_, bk. 1,
ch. 110.

=Cynocephăle=, a town of Thessaly, where the proconsul Quintius
conquered Philip of Macedon, and put an end to the first Macedonian
war, B.C. 197. _Livy_, bk. 33, ch. 7.

=Cynocephăli=, a nation of India, who have the head of a dog, according
to some traditions. _Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 2.

=Cynophontis=, a festival of Argos, observed during the dog days. It
received its name ἀπο του κυνας φονειν, _killing dogs_, because they
used to kill all the dogs they met.

=Cynortas=, one of the ancient kings of Sparta, son of Amyclas and
Diomede. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 1.

=Cynortion=, a mountain of Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 27.

=Cynos=, a town of Locris.――――Another in Thessaly, where Pyrrha,
Deucalion’s wife, was buried.

=Cynosargres=, a surname of Hercules.――――A small village of Attica of
the same name, where the Cynic philosophers had established their
school. _Herodotus_, bks. 5 & 6.

=Cynossēma= (_a dog’s tomb_), a promontory of the Thracian Chersonesus,
where Hecuba was changed into a dog, and buried. _Ovid_, bk. 13,
_Metamorphoses_, li. 569.

=Cynosūra=, a nymph of Ida in Crete. She nursed Jupiter, who changed
her into a star which bears the same name. It is the same as the
Ursa Minor. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 107.

=Cynthia=, a beautiful woman who was mistress to _Propertius_.――――A
surname of Diana, from mount Cynthus, where she was born.

=Cynthius=, a surname of Apollo, from mount Cynthus.

=Cynthus=, a mountain of Delos, so high that it is said to overshadow
the whole island. Apollo was surnamed _Cynthius_, and Diana
_Cynthia_, as they were born on the mountain, which was sacred to
them. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3, li. 36.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 6, li. 304; _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 346.

=Cynūrenses=, a people of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 27.

=Cynus=, a naval station of Opus. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 1.

=Cypărissi= and =Cyparissia=, a town of Peloponnesus, near Massenia.
_Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 31.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 5.

=Cypărissus=, a youth, son of Telephus of Cea, beloved by Apollo.
He killed a favourite stag of Apollo’s, for which he was so sorry
that he pined away, and was changed by the god into a cypress tree.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 680.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 10,
li. 121.――――A town near Delphi. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Cyphăra=, a fortified place of Thessaly. _Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 13.

=Cypriānus=, a native of Carthage, who, though born of heathen parents,
became a convert to christianity, and the bishop of his countrymen.
To be more devoted to purity and study, he abandoned his wife; and
as a proof of his charity, he distributed his goods to the poor. He
wrote 81 letters, besides several treatises, _De Dei gratiâ_, _De
virginum habitu_, &c., and rendered his compositions valuable by
the information which he conveys of the discipline of the ancient
church, and by the soundness and purity of his theology. He died
a martyr, A.D. 258. The best editions of Cyprian are that of Fell,
folio, Oxford, 1682, and that reprinted Amsterdam, 1700.

=Cyprus=, a daughter of Antony and Cleopatra, who married Agrippa.
――――A large island in the Mediterranean sea, at the south of Cilicia,
and at the west of Syria, formerly joined to the continent near
Syria, according to Pliny. It has been anciently called _Acamantis_,
_Amathusia_, _Aspelia_, _Cerastis_, _Colonia_ or _Colinia_, _Macaria_,
and _Spechia_. It has been celebrated for giving birth to Venus
surnamed _Cypris_, who was the chief deity of the place, and to
whose service many places and temples were consecrated. It was
anciently divided into nine kingdoms, and was for some time under
the power of Egypt, and afterwards of the Persians. The Greeks made
themselves masters of it, and it was taken from them by the Romans.
Its length, according to Strabo, is 1400 stadia. There were three
celebrated temples there, two sacred to Venus, and the other to
Jupiter. The inhabitants were given much to pleasure and dissipation.
_Strabo_, bk. 16.――_Ptolemy_, bk. 5, ch. 14.――_Florus_, bk. 3, ch. 9.
――_Justin_, bk. 18, ch. 5.――_Pliny_, bk. 12, ch. 24; bk. 33, ch. 3;
bk. 36, ch. 26.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Cypsĕlĭdes=, the name of three princes as descendants of Cypselus,
who reigned at Corinth during 73 years. Cypselus was succeeded by
his son Periander, who left his kingdom, after a reign of 40 years,
to Cypselus II.

♦=Cypsĕsus=, a king of Arcadia, who married the daughter of Ctesiphon,
to strengthen himself against the Heraclidæ. _Pausanias_, bk. 4,
ch. 3.――――A man of Corinth, son of Eetion and father of Periander.
He destroyed the Bacchiadæ, and seized upon the sovereign power,
about 659 years before Christ. He reigned 30 years, and was succeeded
by his son. Periander had two sons, Lycophron and Cypselus, who
was insane. Cypselus received his name from the Greek word κυψελος,
_a coffer_, because when the Bacchiadæ attempted to kill him, his
mother saved his life by concealing him in a coffer. _Pausanias_,
bk. 5, ch. 17.――_Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 5, ch. 37.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 114; bk. 5, ch. 92, &c.――_Aristotle_,
_Politics_.――――The father of Miltiades. _Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 35.

♦ ‘Cysĕsus’ replaced with ‘Cypsĕsus’

=Cyraunis=, an island of Libya. _Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 195.

=Cyrbiāna=, a province of the Elymæans.