Chapter D (6)

=Erăto=, one of the muses who presided over lyric, tender, and
amorous poetry. She is represented as crowned with roses and myrtle,
holding in her right hand a lyre, and a lute in her left, musical
instruments of which she is considered by some as the inventress.
Love is sometimes placed by her side holding a lighted flambeau,
while she herself appears with a thoughtful, but oftener with a
gay and animated look. She was invoked by lovers, especially in
the month of April, which, among the Romans, was more particularly
devoted to love. _Apollodorus_, bk. 10.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7,
li. 37.――_Ovid_, _de Ars Amatoria_, bk. 2, li. 425.――――One of the
Nereides. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 2.――――One of the Dryades, wife
of Arcas king of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 4.――――One of the
Danaides, who married Bromius.――――A queen of the Armenians, after
the death of Ariobarzanes, &c. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 4.

=Eratosthĕnes=, son of Aglaus, was a native of Cyrene, and the second
entrusted with the care of the Alexandrian library. He dedicated his
time to grammatical criticism and philosophy, but more particularly
to poetry and mathematics. He has been called a second Plato, the
cosmographer and the geometer of the world. He is supposed to be the
inventor of the armillary sphere. With the instruments with which
the munificence of the Ptolemies supplied the library of Alexandria,
he was enabled to measure the obliquity of the ecliptic, which he
called 20½ degrees. He also measured a degree of the meridian, and
determined the extent and circumference of the earth with great
exactness, by means adopted by the moderns. He starved himself after
he had lived to his 82nd year, B.C. 194. Some few fragments remain
of his compositions. He collected the annals of the Egyptian kings
by order of one of the Ptolemies. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_,
bk. 2, ltr. 6.――_Varro_, _de Re Rustica_, bk. 1, ch. 2.

=Eratostrătus=, an Ephesian who burnt the famous temple of Diana, the
same night that Alexander the Great was born. This burning, as some
writers have observed, was not prevented or seen by the goddess of
the place, who was then present at the labours of Olympias, and the
birth of the conqueror of Persia. Eratostratus did this villainy
merely to eternize his name by so uncommon an action. _Plutarch_,
_Alexander_.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 14.

=Erātus=, a son of Hercules and Dynaste. _Apollodorus._――――A king of
Sicyon, who died B.C. 1671.

=Erbessus=, a town of Sicily north of Agrigentum, now _Monte Bibino_.
_Livy_, bk. 24, ch. 30.

=Erchia=, a small village of Attica, the birthplace of Xenophon.
_Diogenes Laërtius_, bk. 2, ch. 48.

=Erĕbus=, a deity of hell, son of Chaos and Darkness. He married Night,
by whom he had the light and the day. The poets often used the word
Erebus to signify hell itself, and particularly that part where
dwelt the souls of those who had lived a virtuous life, from whence
they passed into the Elysian fields. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_,
bk. 3, ch. 17.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 26.

=Erechtheus=, son of Pandion I., was the sixth king of Athens. He
was father of Cecrops II., Merion, Pandorus, and of four daughters,
Creusa, Orithya, Procris, and Othonia, by Praxithea. In a war
against Eleusis he sacrificed Othonia, called also Chthonia, to
obtain a victory which the oracle promised for such a sacrifice.
In that war he killed Eumolpus, Neptune’s son, who was the general
of the enemy, for which he was struck with thunder by Jupiter at
Neptune’s request. Some say that he was drowned in the sea. After
death he received divine honours at Athens. He reigned 50 years,
and died B.C. 1347. According to some accounts, he first introduced
the mysteries of Ceres at Eleusis. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6,
li. 877.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 25.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 15.
――_Cicero_, _For Sestius_, ch. 21; _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 1,
ch. 48; _Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 15.

=Erechthĭdes=, a name given to the Athenians, from their king
Erechtheus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 430.

=Erembi=, a people of Arabia.

=Erēmus=, a country of Ethiopia.

=Erenēa=, a village of Megara. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 44.

=Eressa=, a town of Æolia.

=Erēsus=, a town of Lesbos, where Theophrastus was born.

=Erĕtria=, a city of Eubœa on the Euripus, anciently called _Melaneis_
and _Arotria_. It was destroyed by the Persians, and the ruins
were hardly visible in the age of Strabo. It received its name
from Eretrius, a son of Phaeton. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 8, &c.
――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.――_Cornelius Nepos_,
_Miltiades_, ch. 4.

=Erētum=, a town of the Sabines near the Tiber, whence came the
adjective _Eretinus_. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 711.――_Tibullus_,
bk. 4, poem 8, li. 4.

=Eruthalion=, a man killed by Nestor in a war between the Pylians and
Arcadians. _Homer_, _Iliad_.

=Ergăne=, a river whose waters intoxicated as wine.――――A surname of
Minerva. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 14.

=Ergenna=, a celebrated soothsayer of Etruria. _Persius_, satire 2,
li. 26.

=Ergias=, a Rhodian who wrote a history of his country.

=Ergīnus=, a king of Orchomenos, son of Clymenus. He obliged the
Thebans to pay him a yearly tribute of 100 oxen, because his father
had been killed by a Theban. Hercules attacked his servants, who
came to raise the tribute, and mutilated them, and he afterwards
killed Erginus, who attempted to avenge their death by invading
Bœotia with an army. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 17.――――A river of
Thrace. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――――A son of Neptune.――――One of the
four brothers who kept the Acrocorinth, by order of Antigonus.
_Polyænus_, bk. 6.

=Erginnus=, a man made master of the ship Argo by the Argonauts, after
the death of Typhis.

=Eribœa=, a surname of Juno. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 5.――――The mother of
Ajax Telamon. _Sophocles._

=Eribotes=, a man skilled in medicine, &c. _Orpheus._

=Erĭcētes=, a man of Lycaonia, killed by Messapus in Italy. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 749.

=Erichtho=, a Thessalian woman famous for her knowledge of poisonous
herbs and medicine. _Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 507.――――One of the Furies.
_Ovid._――_Hesiod_, bk. 2, li. 151.

=Erichthŏnius=, the fourth king of Athens, sprung from the seed of
Vulcan, which fell upon the ground when that god attempted to offer
violence to Minerva. He was very deformed, and had the tails of
serpents instead of legs. Minerva placed him in a basket, which
she gave to the daughters of Cecrops, with strict injunctions not
to examine its contents. Aglauros, one of the sisters, had the
curiosity to open the basket, for which the goddess punished her
indiscretion by making her jealous of her sister Herse. _See:_
Herse. Erichthon was young when he ascended the throne of Athens.
He reigned 50 years, and died B.C. 1437. The invention of chariots
is attributed to him, and the manner of harnessing horses to
draw them. He was made a constellation after death under the name
of Bootes. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 553.――_Hyginus_,
fable 166.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 14.――_Pausanias_, bk. 4,
ch. 2.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3, li. 113.――――A son of Dardanus,
who reigned in Troy, and died 1374 B.C., after a long reign of about
75 years. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 10.

=Ericinium=, a town of Macedonia.

=Ericūsa=, one of the Lipari isles, now _Alicudi_.

=Erĭdănus=, one of the largest rivers of Italy, rising in the Alps,
and falling into the Adriatic by several mouths; now called the
_Po_. It was in its neighbourhood that the Heliades, the sisters of
Phaeton, were changed into poplars, according to Ovid. Virgil calls
it the king of all rivers, and Lucan compares it to the Rhine and
Danube. An Eridanus is mentioned in heaven. _Cicero_, _Aratus_, li.
145.――_Claudian_, _Panegyricus de Consulatu Honorii Augusti_, bk. 6,
li. 175.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, fable 3.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 409.――_Virgil_,
_Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 482; _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 659.

=Erĭgŏne=, a daughter of Icarius, who hung herself when she heard
that her father had been killed by some shepherds whom he had
intoxicated. She was made a constellation, now known under the
name of _Virgo_. Bacchus deceived her by changing himself into a
beautiful grape. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, fable 4.――_Statius_,
bk. 11, _Thebiad_, li. 644.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 33.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 14.――_Hyginus_, fables 1 & 24.――――A
daughter of Ægisthus and Clytemnestra, who had by her brother
Orestes, Penthilus, who shared the regal power with Timasenus, the
legitimate son of Orestes and Hermione. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 18.
――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.

=Erigoneius=, a name applied to the Dog-star, because looking towards
Erigone, &c. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 5, li. 723.

=Erĭgŏnus=, a river of Thrace.――――A painter. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.

=Erigȳus=, a Mitylenean, one of Alexander’s officers. _Curtius_,
bk. 6, ch. 4.

=Erillus=, a philosopher of Carthage, contemporary with Zeno.
_Diogenes Laërtius._

=Erindes=, a river of Asia, near Parthia. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 11,
ch. 16.

=Erinna=, a poetess of Lesbos, intimate with Sappho. _Pliny_, bk. 34,
ch. 8.

=Erinnys=, the Greek name of the Eumenides. The word signifies the
_fury of the mind_, ἐρις νους. _See:_ Eumenides. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 2, li. 337.――――A surname of Ceres, on account of her amour with
Neptune under the form of a horse. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, chs. 25 & 42.

=Eriopis=, a daughter of Medea. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Eriphănis=, a Greek woman famous for her poetical compositions. She
was extremely fond of the hunter Melampus, and to enjoy his company
she accustomed herself to live in the woods. _Athenæus_, bk. 14.

=Eriphidas=, a Lacedæmonian, who being sent to suppress a sedition at
Heraclea, assembled the people and beheaded 500 of the ringleaders.
_Diodorus_, bk. 14.

=Erĭphȳle=, a sister of Adrastus king of Argos, who married Amphiaraus.
She was daughter of Talaus and Lysimache. When her husband concealed
himself that he might not accompany the Argives in their expedition
against Thebes, where he knew he was to perish, Eriphyle suffered
herself to be bribed by Polynices with a golden necklace, which
had been formerly given to Hermione by the goddess Venus, and
she discovered where Amphiaraus was. This treachery of Eriphyle
compelled him to go to the war; but before he departed, he charged
his son Alcmæon to murder his mother as soon as he was informed of
his death. Amphiaraus perished in the expedition, and his death was
no sooner known than his last injunctions were obeyed, and Eriphyle
was murdered by the hands of her son. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li.
445.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 11.――_Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 4,
ch. 18.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 3, chs. 6 & 7.――_Hyginus_,
fable 73.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 17.

=Eris=, the goddess of discord among the Greeks. She is the same as
the Discordia of the Latins. _See:_ Discordia.

=Erisichthon=, a Thessalian, son of Triops, who derided Ceres and cut
down her groves. This impiety irritated the goddess, who afflicted
him with continual hunger. He squandered all his possessions to
gratify the cravings of his appetite, and at last he devoured his
own limbs for want of food. His daughter Metra had the power of
transforming herself into whatever animal she pleased, and she made
use of that artifice to maintain her father, who sold her, after
which she assumed another shape, and became again his property.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, fable 18.

=Erithus=, a son of Actor, killed by Perseus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 5.

=Erixo=, a Roman knight condemned by the people for having whipped his
son to death. _Seneca_, bk. 1, _de Clementia_, ch. 14.

=Erōchus=, a town of Phocis. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 3.

=Erōpus= or =Æropes=, a king of Macedonia, who when in the cradle
succeeded his father Philip I., B.C. 602. He made war against the
Illyrians, whom he conquered. _Justin_, bk. 7, ch. 2.

=Eros=, a servant of whom Antony demanded a sword to kill himself.
Eros produced the instrument, but instead of giving it to his master,
he killed himself in his presence. _Plutarch_, _Antonius_.――――A
comedian. _Cicero_, _For Quintus Roscius the Actor_, ch. 2.――――A son
of Chronos or Saturn, god of love. _See:_ Cupido.

=Erostrătus.= _See:_ Eratostratus.

=Erōtia=, a festival in honour of Eros the god of love. It was
celebrated by the Thespians every fifth year with sports and
games, when musicians and all others contended. If any quarrels or
seditions had arisen among the people, it was then usual to offer
sacrifices and prayers to the god, that he would totally remove them.

=Errūca=, a town of the Volsci of Italy.

=Erse=, a daughter of Cecrops. _See:_ Herse.

=Erxias=, a man who wrote a history of Colophon. He is perhaps the
same as the person who wrote a history of Rhodes.

=Eryălus=, a Trojan chief killed by Patroclus. _Homer_, _Iliad_,
bk. 16, li. 411.

=Erybium=, a town at the foot of mount Parnassus.

=Erycīna=, a surname of Venus from mount Eryx, where she had a temple.
She was also worshipped at Rome under this appellation. _Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 874.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 2, li. 33.

=Ery̆manthis=, a surname of Callisto, as an inhabitant of Erymanthus.
――――Arcadia is also known by that name.

=Erymanthus=, a mountain, river, and town of Arcadia, where Hercules
killed a prodigious boar, which he carried on his shoulders
to Eurystheus, who was so terrified at the sight that he hid
himself in a brazen vessel. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 24.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 802.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 6.――_Cicero_,
_Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 2, ch. 8; bk. 4, ch. 22.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 499.

=Ery̆mas=, a Trojan killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 702.

=Erymnæ=, a town of Thessaly. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 24.――――Of
Magnesia.

=Erymneus=, a peripatetic philosopher, who flourished B.C. 126.

=Ery̆mus=, a huntsman of Cyzicus.

=Erythea=, an island between Gades and Spain, where Geryon reigned.
_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 22.――_Mela_, bk. 3, ch. 6.――_Propertius_,
bk. 4, poem 10, li. 1.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 16, li. 195.――_Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 5, li. 649.――――A daughter of Geryon. _Pausanias_,
bk. 10, ch. 37.

=Erythīni=, a town of Paphlagonia.

=Erȳthræ=, a town of Ionia opposite Chios, once the residence of a
Sybil. It was built by Neleus the son of Codrus. _Pausanias_, bk. 10,
ch. 12.――_Livy_, bk. 44, ch. 28; bk. 38, ch. 39.――――A town of Bœotia.
_Livy_, bk. 6, ch. 21.――――One in Libya,――――another in Locris.

=Ery̆thræum mare=, a part of the ocean on the coast of Arabia. As it
has a communication with the Persian gulf, and that of Arabia or
the Red sea, it has often been mistaken by the ancient writers, who
by the word _Erythran_, understood indiscriminately either the Red
sea or the Persian gulf. It received this name either from Erythras,
or from the _redness_ (ἐρυθρος, _ruber_) of its sand or waters.
_Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 9.――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 23.――_Herodotus_,
bk. 1, chs. 180 & 189; bk. 3, ch. 93; bk. 4, ch. 37.――_Mela_, bk. 3,
ch. 8.

=Ery̆thras=, a son of Hercules. _Apollodorus._――――A son of Perseus
and Andromeda, drowned in the Red sea, which from him was called
_Erythræum_. _Arrian_, _Indica_, bk. 6, ch. 10.――_Mela_, bk. 3,
ch. 7.

=Erythrion=, a son of Athamas and Themistone. _Apollodorus._

=Ery̆thros=, a place of Latium.

=Eryx=, a son of Butes and Venus, who, relying upon his strength,
challenged all strangers to fight with him in the combat of the
cestus. Hercules accepted his challenge after many had yielded
to his superior dexterity, and Eryx was killed in the combat,
and buried on the mountain, where he had built a temple to Venus.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 402.――――An Indian killed by his
subjects for opposing Alexander, &c. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 11.――――A
mountain of Sicily, now _Giuliano_, near Drepanum, which received
its name from Eryx, who was buried there. This mountain was so steep
that the houses which were built upon it seemed every moment ready
to fall. Dædalus had enlarged the top, and enclosed it with a strong
wall. He also consecrated there to Venus Erycina a golden heifer,
which so much resembled life, that it seemed to exceed the power of
art. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 478.――_Hyginus_, fables 16 & 260.
――_Livy_, bk. 22, ch. 9.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3,
ch. 16.

=Eryxo=, the mother of Battus, who artfully killed the tyrant Learchus
who courted her. _Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 160.

=Esernus=, a famous gladiator. _Cicero._

=Esquĭliæ= and =Esquilīnus mons=, one of the seven hills of Rome,
which was joined to the city by king Tullus. Birds of prey generally
came to devour the dead bodies of criminals who had been executed
there, and thence they were called _Esquilinæ alites_. _Livy_, bk. 2,
ch. 11.――_Horace_, epode 5, li. 100.――_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 2,
ch. 32.

=Essedŏnes=, a people of Asia, above the Palus Mæotis, who ate the
flesh of their parents mixed with that of cattle. They gilded the
head and kept it as sacred. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 4,
ch. 12.

=Essui=, a people of Gaul.

=Estiæotis=, a district of Thessaly on the river Peneus.

=Esŭla=, a town of Italy near Tibur. _Horace_, bk. 3, ode 29, li. 6.

=Estiaia=, solemn sacrifices to Vesta, of which it was unlawful to
carry away anything or communicate it to anybody.

=Etearchus=, a king of Oaxus in Crete. After the death of his wife,
he married a woman who made herself odious for her tyranny over her
stepdaughter Phronima. Etearchus gave ear to all the accusations
which were brought against his daughter, and ordered her to be
thrown into the sea. She had a son called Battus, who led a colony
to Cyrene. _Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 154.

=Eteŏcles=, a son of Œdipus and Jocasta. After his father’s death, it
was agreed between him and his brother Polynices, that they should
both share the royalty, and reign alternately each a year. Eteocles
by right of seniority first ascended the throne, but after the
first year of his reign was expired, he refused to give up the
crown to his brother according to their mutual agreement. Polynices,
resolving to punish such an open violation of a solemn engagement,
went to implore the assistance of Adrastus king of Argos. He
received that king’s daughter in marriage, and was soon after
assisted with a strong army, headed by seven famous generals. These
hostile preparations were watched by Eteocles, who on his part did
not remain inactive. He chose seven brave chiefs to oppose the seven
leaders of the Argives, and stationed them at the seven gates of
the city. He placed himself against his brother Polynices, and he
opposed Menalippus to Tydeus, Polyphontes to Capaneus, Megareus to
Eteoclus, Hyperbius to Parthenopæus, and Lasthenes to Amphiaraus.
Much blood was shed in light and unavailing skirmishes, and it was
at last agreed between the two brothers that the war should be
decided by single combat. They both fell in an engagement conducted
with the most inveterate fury on either side, and it is even said
that the ashes of these two brothers, who had been so inimical one
to the other, separated themselves on the burning pile, as if, even
after death, sensible of resentment and hostile to reconciliation.
_Statius_, _Thebiad_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5, &c.――_Aeschylus_,
_Seven Against Thebes_.――_Euripides_, _Phœnician Women_.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 5, ch. 9; bk. 9, ch. 6.――――A Greek, the first who raised altars
to the Graces. _Pausanias._

=Eteŏclus=, one of the seven chiefs of the army of Adrastus, in
his expedition against Thebes, celebrated for his valour, for his
disinterestedness, and magnanimity. He was killed by Megareus the
son of Creon under the walls of Thebes. _Euripides._――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 6.――――A son of Iphis.

=Eteocrētæ=, an ancient people of Crete.

=Eteones=, a town of Bœotia on the Asopus. _Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 7,
li. 266.

=Eteoneus=, an officer at the court of Menelaus, when Telemachus
visited Sparta. He was son of Bœthus. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 4,
li. 22.

=Eteonīcus=, a Lacedæmonian general, who upon hearing that
Callicratidas was conquered at Arginusæ, ordered the messengers of
this news to be crowned, and to enter Mitylene in triumph. This so
terrified Conon, who besieged the town, that he concluded that the
enemy had obtained some advantageous victory, and he raised the
siege. _Diodorus_, bk. 13.――_Polyænus_, bk. 1.

=Etēsiæ=, periodical northern winds of a gentle and mild nature, very
common for five or six weeks in the months of spring and autumn.
_Lucretius_, bk. 5, li. 741.

=Ethalion=, one of the Tyrrhene sailors changed into dolphins for
carrying away Bacchus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3, li. 647.

=Etheleum=, a river of Asia, the boundary of Troas and Mysia. _Strabo._

=Ethŏda=, a daughter of Amphion and Niobe.

=Ethēmon=, a person killed at the marriage of Andromeda. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 163.

=Etias=, a daughter of Æneas. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 22.

=Etis=, a town of Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 22.

=Etrūria.= _See:_ Hetruria.

=Etrusci=, the inhabitants of Etruria, famous for their superstitions
and enchantments. _See:_ Hetruria. _Cicero_, _Letters to his
Friends_, bk. 6, ltr. 6.――_Livy_, bk. 2, ch. 34.

=Etylus=, the father of Theocles. _Livy_, bk. 6, ch. 19.

=Evadne=, a daughter of Iphis or Iphicles of Argos, who slighted the
addresses of Apollo, and married Capancus, one of the seven chiefs
who went against Thebes. When her husband had been struck with
thunder by Jupiter for his blasphemies and impiety, and his ashes
had been separated from those of the rest of the Argives, she threw
herself on his burning pile, and perished in the flames. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 447.――_Propertius_, bk. 1, poem 15, li. 21.
――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 12, li. 800.――――A daughter of the
Strymon and Neæra. She married Argus, by whom she had four children.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2.

=Evages=, a poet, famous for his genius but not for his learning.

=Evăgŏras=, a king of Cyprus who retook Salamis, which had been taken
from his father by the Persians. He made war against Artaxerxes the
king of Persia, with the assistance of the Egyptians, Arabians, and
Tyrians, and obtained some advantage over the fleet of his enemy.
The Persians, however, soon repaired their losses, and Evagoras saw
himself defeated by sea and land, and obliged to be tributary to
the power of Artaxerxes, and to be stripped of all his dominions,
except the town of Salamis. He was assassinated soon after this
fatal change of fortune by a eunuch, 374 B.C. He left two sons,
Nicocles, who succeeded him, and Protagoras, who deprived his nephew
Evagoras of his possessions. Evagoras deserves to be commended for
his sobriety, moderation, and magnanimity, and if he was guilty
of any political error in the management of his kingdom, it may be
said that his love of equity was a full compensation. His grandson
bore the same name, and succeeded his father Nicocles. He showed
himself oppressive, and his uncle Protagoras took advantage of
his unpopularity to deprive him of his power. Evagoras fled to
Artaxerxes Ochus, who gave him a government more extensive than
that of Cyprus, but his oppression rendered him odious, and he
was accused before his benefactor, and by his orders put to death.
_Cornelius Nepos_, bk. 12, ch. 2.――_Diodorus_, bk. 14.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Justin_, bk. 5, ch. 6.――――A man of Elis, who obtained
a prize at the Olympian games. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 8.――――A
Spartan, famous for his services to the people of Elis. _Pausanias_,
bk. 6, ch. 10.――――A son of Neleus and Chloris. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1,
ch. 9.――――A son of Priam. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――――A king
of Rhodes.――――An historian of Lindos.――――Another of Thasos, whose
works proved serviceable to Pliny in the compilation of his natural
history. _Pliny_, bk. 10.

=Evăgŏre=, one of the Nereides. _Apollodorus._

=Evan=, a surname of Bacchus, which he received from the wild
ejaculation of _Evan! Evan!_ by his priestesses. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 15.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 517.

=Evander=, a son of the prophetess Carmente, king of Arcadia. An
accidental murder obliged him to leave his country, and he came to
Italy, where he drove the aborigines from their ancient possessions,
and reigned in that part of the country where Rome was afterwards
founded. He kindly received Hercules when he returned from the
conquest of Geryon; and he was the first who raised him altars. He
gave Æneas assistance against the Rutuli, and distinguished himself
by his hospitality. It is said that he first brought the Greek
alphabet into Italy, and introduced there the worship of the Greek
deities. He was honoured as a god after death by his subjects,
who raised him an altar on mount Aventine. _Pausanias_, bk. 8,
ch. 43.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 7.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 7, li. 18.
――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1, ch. 7.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_,
bk. 1, li. 500; bk. 5, li. 91.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 100,
&c.――――A philosopher of the second academy, who flourished B.C. 215.

=Evangĕlus=, a Greek historian.――――A comic poet.

=Evangorĭdes=, a man of Elis, who wrote an account of all those
who had obtained a prize at Olympia, where he himself had been
victorious. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 8.

=Evanthes=, a man who planted a colony in Lucania at the head of some
Locrians.――――A celebrated Greek poet.――――An historian of Miletus.
――――A philosopher of Samos.――――A writer of Cyzicus.――――A son of
Œnopion of Crete, who migrated to live at Chios. _Pausanias_, bk. 7,
ch. 4.

=Evarchus=, a river of Asia Minor flowing into the Euxine, on the
confines of Cappadocia. _Flaccus_, bk. 6, li. 102.

=Evas=, a native of Phrygia who accompanied Æneas into Italy, where he
was killed by Mezentius. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 702.

=Evax=, an Arabian prince who wrote to Nero concerning jewels. _Pliny_,
bk. 25, ch. 2.

=Eubages=, certain priests held in great veneration among the Gauls
and Britons. _See:_ Druidæ.

=Eubātas=, an athlete of Cyrene, whom the courtesan Lais in vain
endeavoured to seduce. _Pausanias_, _Elis_, bk. 1.

=Eubius=, an obscene writer, &c. _Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 2, li. 415.

=Eubœa=, the largest island in the Ægean sea after Crete, now called
_Negropont_. It is separated from the continent of Bœotia by the
narrow straits of the Euripus, and was anciently known by the
different names of _Macris_, _Oche_, _Ellopia_, _Chalcis_, _Abantis_,
_Asopis_. It is 150 miles long, and 37 broad in its most extensive
parts, and 365 in circumference. The principal town was Chalcis; and
it was reported that in the neighbourhood of Chalcis the island had
been formerly joined to the continent. Eubœa was subjected to the
power of the Greeks; some of its cities, however, remained for some
time independent. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 155.――――One of the three daughters of
the river Asterion, who was one of the nurses of Juno. _Pausanias_,
bk. 2, ch. 17.――――One of Mercury’s mistresses.――――A daughter of
Thespius. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2.――――A town of Sicily near Hybla.

=Euboĭcus=, belonging to Eubœa. The epithet is also applied to the
country of Cumæ, because that city was built by a colony from
Chalcis, a town of Eubœa. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 257.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 2; bk. 9, li. 710.

=Eubote=, a daughter of Thespius. _Apollodorus._

=Eubotes=, a son of Hercules. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2.

=Eubūle=, an Athenian virgin, daughter of Leon, sacrificed with her
sisters, by order of the oracle of Delphi, for the safety of her
country, which laboured under a famine. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_,
bk. 12, ch. 18.

=Eubūlĭdes=, a philosopher of Miletus, pupil and successor to
Euclid. Demosthenes was one of his pupils, and by his advice
and encouragement to perseverance he was enabled to conquer the
difficulty he felt in pronouncing the letter R. He severely attacked
the doctrines of Aristotle. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――An historian,
who wrote an account of Socrates and of Diogenes. _Diogenes
Laërtius._――――A famous statuary of Athens. _Pausanias_, bk. 8,
ch. 14.

=Eubūlus=, an Athenian orator, rival to Demosthenes.――――A comic poet.
――――An historian, who wrote a voluminous account of Mithras.――――A
philosopher of Alexandria.

=Eucērus=, a man of Alexandria, accused of adultery with Octavia, that
Nero might have occasion to divorce her. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 14,
ch. 60.

=Euchēnor=, a son of Ægyptus and Arabia. _Apollodorus._

=Euchides=, an Athenian who went to Delphi and returned the same
day, a journey of about 107 miles. The object of his journey was to
obtain sacred fire.

=Euclīdes=, a native of Megara, disciple of Socrates, B.C. 404.
When the Athenians had forbidden all the people of Megara on
pain of death to enter their city, Euclides disguised himself in
women’s clothes to introduce himself into the presence of Socrates.
_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Socrates_.――――A mathematician of Alexandria,
who flourished 300 B.C. He distinguished himself by his writings
on music and geometry, but particularly by 15 books on the elements
of mathematics, which consist of problems and theorems with
demonstrations. This work has been greatly mutilated by commentators.
Euclid was so respected in his lifetime, that king Ptolemy became
one of his pupils. Euclid established a school at Alexandria,
which became so famous, that from his age to the time of the
Saracen conquest, no mathematician was found but what had studied at
Alexandria. He was so respected that Plato, himself a mathematician,
being asked concerning the building of an altar at Athens, referred
his inquiries to the mathematician of Alexandria. The latest edition
of Euclid’s writings is that of Gregory, folio, Oxford, 1703.
_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 12.――_Cicero_, _On Oratory_, bk. 3,
ch. 72.

=Euclus=, a prophet of Cyprus, who foretold the birth and greatness of
the poet Homer, according to some traditions. _Pausanias_, bk. 10,
ch. 12.

=Eucrăte=, one of the Nereides. _Apollodorus._

=Eucrătes=, the father of Procles the historian. _Pausanias_, bk. 2,
ch. 21.

=Eucritus.= _See:_ Evephenus.

=Euctēmon=, a Greek of Cumæ, exposed to great barbarities. _Curtius_,
bk. 5, ch. 5.――――An astronomer who flourished B.C. 431.

=Euctresii=, a people of Peloponnesus.

=Eudæmon=, a general of Alexander.

=Eudamĭdas=, a son of Archidamus IV., brother to Agis IV. He succeeded
on the Spartan throne, after his brother’s death, B.C. 330.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 10.――――A son of Archidamus king of Sparta,
who succeeded B.C. 268.――――The commander of a garrison stationed at
Trœzene by Craterus.

=Eudamus=, a son of Agesilaus of the Heraclidæ. He succeeded his
father.――――A learned naturalist and philosopher.

=Eudēmus=, the physician of Livia the wife of Drusus, &c. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 4, ch. 3.――――An orator of Megalopolis, preceptor to
Philopœmen.――――An historian of Naxos.

=Eudocia=, the wife of the emperor Theodosius the younger, who gave
the public some compositions. She died A.D. 460.

=Eudocĭmus=, a man who appeased a mutiny among some soldiers by
telling them that a hostile army was in sight. _Polyænus._

=Eudōra=, one of the Nereides.――――One of the Atlantides.

=Eudōrus=, a son of Mercury and Polimela, who went to the Trojan war
with Achilles. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 16.

=Eudoxi Specŭla=, a place in Egypt.

=Eudoxia=, the wife of Arcadius, &c.――――A daughter of Theodosius the
younger, who married the emperor Maximus, and invited Genseric the
Vandal over into Italy.

=Eudoxus=, a son of Æschines of Cnidus, who distinguished himself by
his knowledge of astrology, medicine, and geometry. He was the first
who regulated the year among the Greeks, among whom he first brought
from Egypt the celestial sphere and regular astronomy. He spent
a great part of his life on the top of a mountain, to study the
motions of the stars, by whose appearance he pretended to foretell
the events of futurity. He died in his 53rd year, B.C. 352. _Lucan_,
bk. 10, li. 187.――_Diogenes Laërtius._――_Petronius_, ch. 88.――――A
native of Cyzicus, who sailed all around the coast of Africa
from the Red sea, and entered the Mediterranean by the columns
of Hercules.――――A Sicilian, son of Agathocles.――――A physician.
_Diogenes Laërtius._

=Evelthon=, a king of Salamis in Cyprus.

=Euemĕrĭdas=, an historian of Cnidus.

=Evemĕrus=, an ancient historian of Messenia, intimate with Cassander.
He travelled over Greece and Arabia, and wrote a history of the gods,
in which he proved that they all had been upon earth, as mere mortal
men. Ennius translated it into Latin. It is now lost.

=Evēnor=, a painter, father to Parrhasius. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 9.

=Evēnus=, an elegiac poet of Paros.――――A river running through Ætolia,
and falling into the Ionian sea. It receives its name from Evenus
son of Mars and Sterope, who being unable to overcome Idas, who had
promised him his daughter Marpessa in marriage, if he surpassed him
in running, grew so desperate, that he threw himself into the river,
which afterwards bore his name. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9,
li. 104.――_Strabo_, bk. 7.――――A son of Jason and Hypsipyle queen of
Lemnos. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 7, li. 467.

=Evephēnus=, a Pythagorean philosopher, whom Dionysius condemned
to death because he had alienated the people of Metapontum from
his power. The philosopher begged leave of the tyrant to go and
marry his sister, and promised to return in six months. Dionysius
consented by receiving Eucritus, who pledged himself to die
if Evephenus did not return in time. Evephenus returned at the
appointed moment, to the astonishment of Dionysius, and delivered
his friend Eucritus from the death which threatened him. The tyrant
was so pleased with these two friends, that he pardoned Evephenus,
and begged to share their friendship and confidence. _Polyænus_,
bk. 5.

=Everes=, a son of Pteralaus, the only one of his family who did not
perish in a battle against Electryon. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2.――――A son
of Hercules and Parthenope.――――The father of Tiresias. _Apollodorus._

=Evergĕtæ=, a people of Scythia, called also Arimaspi. _Curtius_,
bk. 7, ch. 3.

=Evergĕtes=, a surname signifying _benefactor_, given to Philip of
Macedonia, and to Antigonus Doson, and Ptolemy of Egypt. It was also
commonly given to the kings of Syria and Pontus, and we often see
among the former an Alexander Evergetes, and among the latter a
Mithridates Evergetes. Some of the Roman emperors also claimed that
epithet, so expressive of benevolence and humanity.

=Evesperĭdes=, a people of Africa. _Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 171.

=Eugănei=, a people of Italy on the borders of the Adriatic, who,
upon being expelled by the Trojans, seized upon a part of the Alps.
_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 604.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 1.

=Eugeon=, an ancient historian before the Peloponnesian war.

=Eugenius=, a usurper of the imperial title after the death of
Valentinian II., A.D. 392.

=Euhemerus.= _See:_ Evemerus.

=Euhydrum=, a town of Thessaly. _Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 13.

=Euhyus= and =Evius=, a surname of Bacchus, given him in the war of
the giants against Jupiter. _Horace_, bk. 2, Ode 11, li. 17.

=Evippe=, one of the Danaides who married and murdered Imbras.
――――Another. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――――The mother of the
Pierides, who were changed into magpies. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 5, li. 303.

=Evippus=, a son of Thestius king of Pleuron, killed by his brother
Iphiclus in the chase of the Calydonian boar. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1,
ch. 7.――――A Trojan killed by Patroclus. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 16,
li. 417.

=Eulimĕne=, one of the Nereides.

=Eumăchius=, a Campanian who wrote a history of Annibal.

=Eumæus=, a herdsman and steward of Ulysses, who knew his master at
his return home from the Trojan war, after 20 years’ absence, and
assisted him in removing Penelope’s suitors. He was originally the
son of the king of Scyros, and upon being carried away by pirates,
he was sold as a slave to Laertes, who rewarded his fidelity and
services. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 13, li. 403; bk. 14, li. 3; bk. 15,
li. 288; bks. 16 & 17.

=Eumēdes=, a Trojan, son of Dolon, who came to Italy with Æneas, where
he was killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 346.――_Ovid_,
_Tristia_, bk. 3, poem 4, li. 27.

=Eumēlis=, a famous augur. _Statius_, bk. 4, _Sylvæ_, poem 8, li. 49.

=Eumēlus=, a son of Admetus king of Pheræ in Thessaly. He went to
the Trojan war, and had the fleetest horses in the Grecian army.
He distinguished himself in the games made in honour of Patroclus.
_Homer_. _Iliad_, bks. 2 & 23.――――A man whose daughter was changed
into a bird. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 390.――――A man
contemporary with Triptolemus, of whom he learned the art of
agriculture. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 18.――――One of the followers of
Æneas, who first informed his friend that his fleet had been set on
fire by the Trojan women. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 665.――――One
of the Bacchiadæ, who wrote, among other things, a poetical history
of Corinth, B.C. 750, of which a small fragment is still extant.
_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――――A king of the Cimmerian Bosphorus,
who died B.C. 304.

=Eumĕnes=, a Greek officer in the army of Alexander, son of a
charioteer. He was the most worthy of all the officers of Alexander
to succeed after the death of his master. He conquered Paphlagonia
and Cappadocia, of which he obtained the government, till the power
and jealousy of Antigonus obliged him to retire. He joined his
forces to those of Perdiccas, and defeated Craterus and Neoptolemus.
Neoptolemus perished by the hands of Eumenes. When Craterus had been
killed during the war, his remains received an honourable funeral
from the hand of the conqueror; and Eumenes, after weeping over the
ashes of a man who once was his dearest friend, sent his remains
to his relations in Macedonia. Eumenes fought against Antipater and
conquered him, and after the death of Perdiccas his ally, his arms
were directed against Antigonus, by whom he was conquered, chiefly
by the treacherous conduct of his officers. This fatal battle
obliged him to disband the greatest part of his army to secure
himself a retreat, and he fled, with only 700 faithful attendants,
to Nora, a fortified place on the confines of Cappadocia, where he
was soon besieged by the conqueror. He supported the siege for a
year with courage and resolution, but some disadvantageous skirmishes
so reduced him, that his soldiers, grown desperate, and bribed by
the offers of the enemy, had the infidelity to betray him into the
hands of Antigonus. The conqueror, from shame or remorse, had not
the courage to visit Eumenes; but when he was asked by his officers
in what manner he wished him to be kept, he answered, “Keep him as
carefully as you would keep a lion.” This severe command was obeyed;
but the asperity of Antigonus vanished in a few days, and Eumenes,
delivered from the weight of chains, was permitted to enjoy the
company of his friends. Even Antigonus hesitated whether he should
not restore to his liberty a man with whom he had lived in the
greatest intimacy while both were subservient to the command of
Alexander, and these secret emotions of pity and humanity were not
a little increased by the petitions of his son Demetrius for the
release of Eumenes. But the calls of ambition prevailed; and when
Antigonus recollected what an active enemy he had in his power,
he ordered Eumenes to be put to death in the prison; though some
imagine he was murdered without the knowledge of his conqueror.
His bloody commands were executed B.C. 315. Such was the end of
a man who raised himself to power by merit alone. His skill in
public exercises first recommended him to the notice of Philip, and
under Alexander his attachment and fidelity to the royal person, and
particularly his military accomplishments, promoted him to the rank
of a general. Even his enemies revered him; and Antigonus, by whose
orders he perished, honoured his remains with a splendid funeral,
and conveyed his ashes to his wife and family in Cappadocia. It
has been observed that Eumenes had such a universal influence over
the successors of Alexander, that none during his lifetime dared
to assume the title of king; and it does not a little reflect to
his honour to consider that the wars he carried on were not from
private or interested motives, but for the good and welfare of his
deceased benefactor’s children. _Plutarch_ & _Cornelius Nepos_,
_Lives_.――_Diodorus_, bk. 19.――_Justin_, bk. 13.――_Curtius_,
bk. 10.――_Arrian._――――A king of Pergamus, who succeeded his uncle
Philetærus on the throne, B.C. 263. He made war against Antiochus
the son of Seleucus, and enlarged his possessions by seizing upon
many of the cities of the kings of Syria. He lived in alliance with
the Romans, and made war against Prusias king of Bithynia. He was
a great patron of learning, and given much to wine. He died of an
excess in drinking, after a reign of 22 years. He was succeeded by
Attalus. _Strabo_, bk. 15.――――The second of that name succeeded his
father Attalus on the throne of Asia and Pergamus. His kingdom was
small and poor, but he rendered it powerful and opulent, and his
alliance with the Romans did not a little contribute to the increase
of his dominions after the victories obtained over Antiochus the
Great. He carried his arms against Prusias and Antigonus, and died
B.C. 159, after a reign of 38 years, leaving the kingdom to his son
Attalus II. He has been admired for his benevolence and magnanimity,
and his love of learning greatly enriched the famous library of
Pergamus, which had been founded by his predecessors in imitation
of the Alexandrian collection of the Ptolemies. His brothers were
so attached to him and devoted to his interest, that they enlisted
among his bodyguards to show their fraternal fidelity. _Strabo_,
bk. 13.――_Justin_, bks. 31 & 34.――_Polybius._――――A celebrated
orator of Athens about the beginning of the fourth century. Some of
his harangues and orations are extant.――――An historical writer in
Alexander’s army.

=Eumenia=, a city of Phrygia, built by Attalus in honour of his
brother Eumenes.――――A city of Thrace,――――of Caria. _Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 29.――――Of Hyrcania.

=Eumĕnĭdes= and =Eumenes=, a man mentioned, _Ovid_, bk. 3, _Tristia_,
poem 4, li. 27.

=Eumēnĭdes=, a name given to the Furies by the ancients. They sprang
from the drops of blood which flowed from the wound which Cœlus
received from his son Saturn. According to others they were daughters
of the earth, and conceived from the blood of Saturn. Some make them
daughters of Acheron and Night, or Pluto and Proserpine, or Chaos
and Terra, according to Sophocles, or, as Epimenides reports, of
Saturn and Evonyme. According to the most received opinions, they
were three in number, Tisiphone, Megara, and Alecto, to which some
add Nemesis. Plutarch mentions only one, called Adrasta, daughter of
Jupiter and Necessity. They were supposed to be the ministers of the
vengeance of the gods, and therefore appeared stern and inexorable;
always employed in punishing the guilty upon earth, as well as in
the infernal regions. They inflicted their vengeance upon earth
by wars, pestilence, and dissensions, and by the secret stings
of conscience; and in hell they punished the guilty by continual
flagellation and torments. They were also called _Furiæ_, _Erinnyes_,
and _Diræ_, and the appellation of Eumenides, which signifies
benevolence and compassion, they received after they had ceased
to persecute Orestes, who in gratitude offered them sacrifices,
and erected a temple in honour of their divinity. Their worship
was almost universal, and people presumed not to mention their
names or fix their eyes upon their temples. They were honoured
with sacrifices and libations, and in Achaia they had a temple,
which, when entered by any one guilty of crimes, suddenly rendered
him furious, and deprived him of the use of his reason. In their
sacrifices, the votaries used branches of cedar and of alder,
hawthorn, saffron, and juniper, and the victims were generally
turtledoves and sheep, with libations of wine and honey. They were
generally represented with a grim and frightful aspect, with a
black and bloody garment, and serpents wreathing round their head
instead of hair. They held a burning torch in one hand, and a whip
of scorpions in the other, and were always attended by terror,
rage, paleness, and death. In hell they were seated around Pluto’s
throne, as the ministers of his vengeance. _Aeschylus_, _Eumenides_.
――_Sophocles_, _Œdipus at Colonus_.

=Eumĕnĭdia=, festivals in honour of the Eumenides, called by the
Athenians σεμναι θεαι, _venerable goddesses_. They were celebrated
once every year with sacrifices of pregnant ewes, with offerings
of cakes made by the most eminent youths, and libations of honey
and wine. At Athens none but free-born citizens were admitted, such
as had led a life the most virtuous and unsullied. Such only were
accepted by the goddesses, who punished all sorts of wickedness in
a severe manner.

=Eumēnius=, a Trojan killed by Camilla in Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 11, li. 666.

=Eumolpe=, one of the Nereides. _Apollodorus._

=Eumolpĭdæ=, the priests of Ceres at the celebration of her festivals
of Eleusis. All causes relating to impiety or profanation were
referred to their judgment, and their decisions, though occasionally
severe, were considered as generally impartial. The Eumolpidæ were
descended from Eumolpus, a king of Thrace, who was made priest
of Ceres by Erechtheus king of Athens. He became so powerful
after his appointment to the priesthood, that he maintained a war
against Erechtheus. This war proved fatal to both; Erechtheus and
Eumolpus were both killed, and peace was re-established among their
descendants, on condition that the priesthood should ever remain
in the family of Eumolpus, and the regal power in the house of
Erechtheus. The priesthood continued in the family of Eumolpus
for 1200 years; and this is still more remarkable, because he who
was once appointed to the holy office, was obliged to remain in
perpetual celibacy. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 14.

=Eumolpus=, a king of Thrace, son of Neptune and Chione. He was
thrown into the sea by his mother, who wished to conceal her shame
from her father. Neptune saved his life, and carried him into
Æthiopia, where he was brought up by Amphitrite, and afterwards
by a woman of the country, one of whose daughters he married. An
act of violence to his sister-in-law obliged him to leave Æthiopia,
and he fled to Thrace with his son Ismarus, where he married the
daughter of Tegyrius the king of the country. This connection with
the royal family rendered him ambitious; he conspired against his
father-in-law, and fled, when the conspiracy was discovered, to
Attica, where he was initiated in the mysteries of Ceres of Eleusis,
and made Hierophantes or high priest. He was afterwards reconciled
to Tegyrius, and inherited his kingdom. He made war against
Erechtheus the king of Athens, who had appointed him to the office
of high priest, and perished in battle. His descendants were also
invested with the priesthood, which remained for about 1200 years
in that family. _See:_ Eumolpidæ. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5, &c.
――_Hyginus_, fable 73.――_Diodorus_, bk. 5.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2,
ch. 14.

=Eumonides=, a Theban, &c. _Plutarch._

=Eunæus=, a son of Jason, by Hypsipyle daughter of Thoas. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 7.

=Eunapius=, a physician, sophist, and historian, born at Sardis. He
flourished in the reign of Valentinian and his successors, and wrote
a history of the Cæsars, of which few fragments remain. His life
of the philosophers of his age is still extant. It is composed with
fidelity and elegance, precision and correctness.

=Eunŏmia=, a daughter of Juno, one of the Horæ. _Apollodorus._

=Eunŏmus=, a son of Prytanes, who succeeded his father on the throne
of Sparta. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 36.――――A famous musician of
Locris, rival to Ariston, over whom he obtained a musical prize at
Delphi. _Strabo_, bk. 6.――――A man killed by Hercules. _Apollodorus._
――――A Thracian, who advised Demosthenes not to be discouraged by
his ill success in his first attempts to speak in public. _Plutarch_,
_Demosthenes_.――――The father of Lycurgus, killed by a kitchen knife.
_Plutarch_, _Lycurgus_.

=Eunus=, a Syrian slave, who inflamed the minds of the servile
multitude by pretended inspiration and enthusiasm. He filled a nut
with sulphur in his mouth, and by artfully conveying fire to it, he
breathed out flames to the astonishment of the people, who believed
him to be a god, or something more than human. Oppression and misery
compelled 2000 slaves to join his cause, and he soon saw himself
at the head of 50,000 men. With such a force he defeated the Roman
armies, till Perpenna obliged him to surrender by famine, and exposed
on a cross the greatest part of his followers, B.C. 132. _Plutarch_,
_Sertorius_.

=Euonymos=, one of the Lipari isles.

=Euoras=, a grove of Laconia. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 10.

=Eupagium=, a town of Peloponnesus.

=Eupalămon=, one of the hunters of the Calydonian boar. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 360.

=Eupalămus=, the father of Dædalus and of Metiadusa. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 15.

=Eupător=, a son of Antiochus. The surname of _Eupator_ was given
to many of the Asiatic princes, such as Mithridates, &c. _Strabo_,
bk. 12.

=Eupătoria=, a town of Paphlagonia, built by Mithridates, and
called afterwards _Pompeiopolis_ by Pompey. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 2.
――――Another called _Magnopolis_ in Pontus, now _Tehenikeh_. _Strabo_,
bk. 12.

=Eupeithes=, a prince of Ithaca, father to Antinous. In the
former part of his life he had fled before the vengeance of the
Thesprotians, whose territories he had laid waste in the pursuit of
some pirates. During the absence of Ulysses he was one of the most
importuning lovers of Penelope. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 16.

=Euphaes=, succeeded Androcles on the throne of Messenia, and in his
reign the first Messenian war began. He died B.C. 730. _Pausanias_,
bk. 4, chs. 5 & 6.

=Euphantus=, a poet and historian of Olynthus, son of Eubulides, and
preceptor to Antigonus king of Macedonia. ♦_Diogenes Laërtius_,
_Euclides_.

♦ ‘Diod.’ replaced with ‘Diogenes’

=Euphēme=, a woman who was nurse to the Muses, and mother of Crocus by
Pan. _Pausanias._

=Euphēmus=, a son of Neptune and Europa, who was among the Argonauts,
and the hunters of the Calydonian boar. He was so swift and
light that he could run over the sea without scarce wetting his
feet. _Pindar_, _Pythian_, poem 4.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 17.――――One of the Greek captains before
Troy. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2, li. 353.

=Euphorbus=, a famous Trojan, son of Panthous, the first who wounded
Patroclus, whom Hector killed. He perished by the hand of Menelaus,
who hung his shield in the temple of Juno at Argos. Pythagoras, the
founder of the doctrine of the metempsychosis, or transmigration of
souls, affirmed that he had been once Euphorbus, and that his soul
recollected many exploits which had been done while it animated that
Trojan’s body. As a further proof of his assertion, he showed at
first sight the shield of Euphorbus in the temple of Juno. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 160.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 17.
――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 16 & 17.――――A physician of Juba king of
Mauritania.

=Euphorion=, a Greek poet of Chalcis in Eubœa, in the age of Antiochus
the Great. Tiberius took him for his model for correct writing,
and was so fond of him that he hung his pictures in all the public
libraries. His father’s name was Polymnetus. He died in his 56th
year, B.C. 220. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 2, ch. 64, calls
him _Obscurum_.――――The father of Æschylus bore the same name.

=Euphrānor=, a famous painter and sculptor of Corinth. _Pliny_, bk. 34,
ch. 8.――――This name was common to many Greeks.

=Euphrātes=, a disciple of Plato, who governed Macedonia with absolute
authority in the reign of Perdiccas, and rendered himself odious
by his cruelty and pedantry. After the death of Perdiccas, he was
murdered by Parmenio.――――A stoic philosopher in the age of Adrian,
who destroyed himself with the emperor’s leave, to escape the
miseries of old age, A. D. 118. _Dio Cassius._――――A large and
celebrated river of Mesopotamia, rising from mount Taurus in Armenia,
and discharging itself with the Tigris into the Persian gulf. It is
very rapid in its course, and passes through the middle of the city
of Babylon. It inundates the country of Mesopotamia at a certain
season of the year, and, like the Nile in Egypt, happily fertilizes
the adjacent fields. Cyrus dried up its ancient channel, and changed
the course of the waters when he besieged Babylon. _Strabo_, bk. 11.
――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 2; bk. 3, ch. 8.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 24.
――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 509; bk. 4, li. 560.

=Euphron=, an aspiring man of Sicyon, who enslaved his country by
bribery. _Diodorus_, bk. 15.

=Euphrŏsy̆na=, one of the Graces, sister to Aglaia and Thalia.
_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 35.

=Euplæa=, an island of the Tyrrhene sea, near Neapolis. _Statius_,
bk. 3, _Sylvæ_, poem 1, li. 149.

=Eupŏlis=, a comic poet of Athens, who flourished 435 years before
the christian era, and severely lashed the vices and immoralities
of his age. It is said that he had composed 17 dramatical pieces at
the age of 17. He had a dog so attached to him, that at his death he
refused all aliments, and starved himself on his tomb. Some suppose
that Alcibiades put Eupolis to death, because he had ridiculed him
in a comedy which he had written against the Baptæ, the priests of
the goddess Cotytto, and the impure ceremonies of their worship;
but Suidas maintains that he perished in a sea-fight between the
Athenians and the Lacedæmonians in the Hellespont, and that on
that account his countrymen, pitying his fate, decreed that no
poet should ever after go to war. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 4; bk. 2,
satire 10.――_Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 6, ltr. 1.――_Ælian._

=Eupompus=, a geometrician of Macedonia.――――A painter. _Pliny_, bk. 34,
ch. 8.

=Eurianassa=, a town near Chios. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 31.