Chapter M (36)

were repeated, the plaudits were reiterated, and the audience, though
composed of foreigners, conquered nations, allies, and citizens of
Rome, were unanimous in applauding the poet, who spoke with such
elegance and simplicity the language of nature, and supported the
native independence of man. The talents of Terence were employed
rather in translation than in the effusions of originality. It is
said that he translated 108 of the comedies of the poet Menander,
six of which only are extant, his Andria, Eunuch, Heautontimorumenos,
Adelphi, Phormio, and Hecyra. Terence is admired for the purity of
his language, and the artless elegance and simplicity of his diction,
and for a continual delicacy of sentiment. There is more originality
in Plautus, more vivacity in the intrigues, and more surprise in
the catastrophes of his plays; but Terence will ever be admired
for his taste, his expressions, and his faithful pictures of nature
and manners, and the becoming dignity of his several characters.
Quintilian, who candidly acknowledges the deficiencies of the Roman
comedy, declares that Terence was the most elegant and refined of all
the comedians whose writings appeared on the stage. The time and the
manner of his death are unknown. He left Rome in the 35th year of his
age, and never after appeared there. Some suppose that he was drowned
in a storm as he returned from Greece, about 159 years before Christ,
though others imagine he died in Arcadia or Leucadia, and that his
death was accelerated by the loss of his property, and particularly
of his plays which perished in a shipwreck. The best editions of
Terence are those of Westerhovius, 2 vols., 4to, Amsterdam, 1726;
of Edinburgh, 12mo, 1758; of Cambridge, 4to, 1723; Hawkey’s, 12mo,
Dublin, 1745; and that of Zeunius, 8vo, Lipscomb, 1774. _Cicero_,
_Letters to Atticus_, bk. 7, ltr. 3.――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 17.
――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 59.
――――Culeo, a Roman senator, taken by the Carthaginians, and redeemed
by Africanus. When Africanus triumphed, Culeo followed his chariot
with a _pileus_ on his head. He was some time after appointed judge
between his deliverer and the people of Asia, and had the meanness to
condemn him and his brother Asiaticus, though both innocent. _Livy_,
bk. 30, ch. 45.――――A tribune who wished the number of the citizens
of Rome to be increased.――――Evocatus, a man who, as it was supposed,
murdered Galba. _Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 1, ch. 41.――――Lentinus, a
Roman knight condemned for perjury.――――Varro, a writer. _See:_ Varro.
――――A consul with Æmilius Paulus at the battle of Cannæ. He was
the son of a butcher, and had followed for some time the profession
of his father. He placed himself totally in the power of Hannibal,
by making an improper disposition of his army. After he had been
defeated, and his colleague slain, he retired to Canusium, with the
remains of his slaughtered countrymen, and sent word to the Roman
senate of his defeat. He received the thanks of this venerable
body, because he had engaged the enemy, however improperly, and
not despaired of the affairs of the republic. He was offered the
dictatorship, which he declined. _Plutarch._――_Livy_, bk. 22, &c.
――――An ambassador sent to Philip king of Macedonia.――――Massaliora,
an edile of the people, &c.――――Marcus, a friend of Sejanus, accused
before the senate for his intimacy with that discarded favourite. He
made a noble defence, and was acquitted. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 6.

=Terentus=, a place in the Campus Martius near the capitol, where the
infernal deities had an altar. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 1, li. 504.

=Tēreus=, a king of Thrace, son of Mars and Bistonis. He married Progne
the daughter of Pandion king of Athens, whom he had assisted in a war
against Megara. He offered violence to his sister-in-law Philomela,
whom he conducted to Thrace by desire of Progne. _See:_ Philomela and
Progne.――――A friend of Æneas, killed by Camilla. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 11, li. 675.

=Tergeste= and =Tergestum=, now _Trieste_, a town of Italy on the
Adriatic sea, made a Roman colony. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3, &c.
――_Dionysius Periegetes_, li. 380.――_Paterculus_, bk. 2, ch. 110.
――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 18.

=Terias=, a river of Sicily near Catana.

=Teribazus=, a nobleman of Persia, sent with a fleet against Evagoras
king of Cyprus. He was accused of treason, and removed from office,
&c. _Polyænus_, bk. 7.

=Teridae=, a concubine of Menelaus.

=Teridates=, a favourite eunuch at the court of Artaxerxes. At his
death the monarch was in tears for three days, and was consoled
at last only by the arts and the persuasion of Aspasia, one of his
favourites. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 12, ch. 1.

=Terigum=, a town of Macedonia.

=Terina=, a town of the Brutii.

=Terioli=, now _Tirol_, a fortified town at the north of Italy, in the
country of the Grisons.

=Termentia=, or =Termes=, a town of Hispania Tarraconensis.

=Termera=, a town of Caria.

=Termĕrus=, a robber of Peloponnesus, who killed people by crushing
their head against his own. He was slain by Hercules in the same
manner. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.

=Termesus=, a river of Arcadia.

=Termilæ=, a name given to the Lycians.

=Terminalia=, annual festivals at Rome, observed in honour of the god
Terminus, in the month of February. It was then usual for peasants to
assemble near the principal landmarks which separated their fields,
♦and after they had crowned them with garlands and flowers, to make
libations of milk and wine, and to sacrifice a lamb or a young pig.
They were originally established by Numa, and though at first it
was forbidden to shed the blood of victims, yet in process of time
landmarks were plentifully sprinkled with it. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2,
li. 641.――_Cicero_, _Philippics_, bk. 12, ch. 10.

♦ ‘aad’ replaced with ‘and’

=Terminālis=, a surname of Jupiter, because he presided over the
boundaries and lands of individuals, before the worship of the god
Terminus was introduced. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 2.

=Termĭnus=, a divinity at Rome who was supposed to preside over bounds
and limits, and to punish all unlawful usurpation of land. His
worship was first introduced at Rome by Numa, who persuaded his
subjects that the limits of their lands and estates were under the
immediate inspection of heaven. His temple was on the Tarpeian rock,
and he was represented with a human head without feet or arms, to
intimate that he never moved, wherever he was placed. The people of
the country assembled once a year with their families, and crowned
with garlands and flowers the stones which ♦separated their different
possessions, and offered victims to the god who presided over their
boundaries. It is said that when Tarquin the Proud wished to build a
temple on the Tarpeian rock to Jupiter, the god Terminus refused to
give way, though the other gods resigned their seats with
cheerfulness; whence Ovid has said,

_Restitit, et mango cum Jove templa tenet_.

_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 2.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2, li. 641.
――_Plutarch_, _Numa_.――_Livy_, bk. 5.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9.

♦ ‘separted’ replaced with ‘separated’

=Termissus=, or =Termessus=, a town of Pisidia.

=Terpander=, a lyric poet and musician of Lesbos, 675 B.C. It is said
that he appeased a tumult at Sparta by the melody and sweetness of
his notes. He added three strings to the lyre, which before his time
had only four. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 12, ch. 50.――_Plutarch_,
_de Musica_.

=Terpsĭchŏre=, one of the muses, daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne.
She presided over dancing, of which she was reckoned the inventress,
as her name intimates, and with which she delighted her sisters. She
is represented like a young virgin crowned with laurel, and holding
in her hand a musical instrument. _Juvenal_, satire 7, li. 35.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1.――_Eustathius_, _ad Iliadem_, bk. 10.

=Terpsicrăte=, a daughter of Thespius. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Terra=, one of the most ancient deities in mythology, wife of Uranus,
and mother of Oceanus, the Titans, Cyclops, Giants, Thea, Rhea,
Themis, Phœbe, ♦Tethys, and Mnemosyne. By the Air she had Grief,
Mourning, Oblivion, Vengeance, &c. According to Hyginus, she is the
same as Tellus. _See:_ Tellus.

♦ ‘Thetys’ replaced with ‘Tethys’

=Terracīna.= _See:_ Tarricina.

=Terrasidius=, a Roman knight in Cæsar’s army in Gaul. _Cæsar_, _Gallic
War_, bk. 3, chs. 7 & 8.

=Terror=, an emotion of the mind which the ancients have made a deity,
and one of the attendants of the god Mars, and of Bellona.

=Tertia=, a sister of Clodius the tribune, &c.――――A daughter of Paulus
the conqueror of Perseus. _Cicero_, _De Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 46.
――――A daughter of Isidorus. _Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 3,
ch. 34.――――A sister of Brutus, who married Cassius. She was also
called _Tertulla_ and _Junia_. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 3, ch. 76.
――_Suetonius_, _Cæsar_, ch. 50.――_Cicero_, _Letters to Brutus_,
ltrs. 5 & 6; _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 15, ltr. 11; bk. 16, ltr. 20.

=Tertius Julianus=, a lieutenant in Cæsar’s legions.

=Tertulliānus Quintus Septimius Florens=, a celebrated christian writer
of Carthage, who flourished A.D. 196. He was originally a pagan, but
afterwards embraced christianity, of which he became an able advocate
by his writings, which showed that he was possessed of a lively
imagination, impetuous eloquence, elevated style, and strength of
reasoning. The most famous and esteemed of his numerous works, are
his _Apology for the Christians_, and his _Prescriptions_. The best
edition of Tertullian is that of Semlerus, 4 vols., 8vo, Halle, 1770;
and of his Apology, that of Havercamp, 8vo, Leiden, 1718.

=Tethys=, the greatest of the sea deities, was wife of Oceanus,
and daughter of Uranus and Terra. She was mother of the chiefest
rivers of the universe, such as the Nile, the Alpheus, the Mæander,
Simois, Peneus, Evenus, Scamander, &c., and about 3000 daughters
called Oceanides. Tethys is confounded by some mythologists with
her granddaughter Thetis the wife of Peleus, and the mother of
Achilles. The word _Tethys_ is poetically used to express the sea.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 1, &c.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 31.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 509; bk. 9, li. 498; _Fasti_,
bk. 2, li. 191.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 336.――_Homer_, _Iliad_,
bk. 14, li. 302.

=Tetis=, a river of Gaul flowing from the Pyrenees. _Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 5.

=Tetrapŏlis=, a name given to the city of Antioch the capital of Syria,
because it was divided into four separate districts, each of which
resembled a city. Some apply the word to _Seleucis_, which contained
the four large cities of Antioch near Daphne, Laodicea, Apamea, and
Seleucia in Pieria.――――The name of four towns at the north of Attica.
_Strabo_, bk. 8.

=Tĕtrĭca=, a mountain of the Sabines near the river Fabaris. It was
very rugged and difficult of access, whence the epithet _Tetricus_
was applied to persons of a morose and melancholy disposition.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 713.

=Tetrĭcus=, a Roman senator, saluted emperor in the reign of Aurelian.
He was led in triumph by his successful adversary, who afterwards
heaped the most unbounded honours upon him and his son of the same
name.

=Teucer=, a king of Phrygia, son of the Scamander by Ida. According
to some authors he was the first who introduced among his subjects
the worship of Cybele, and the dances of the Corybantes. The country
where he reigned was from him called _Teucria_, and his subjects
_Teucri_. His daughter Batea married Dardanus, a Samothracian prince,
who succeeded him in the government of Teucria. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3,
ch. 12.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 108.――――A son of Telamon
king of Salamis, by Hesione the daughter of Laomedon. He was one of
Helen’s suitors, and accordingly accompanied the Greeks to the Trojan
war, where he signalized himself by his valour and intrepidity. It is
said that his father refused to receive him into his kingdom, because
he had left the death of his brother Ajax unrevenged. This severity
of the father did not dishearten the son; he left Salamis, and
retired to Cyprus, where, with the assistance of Belus king of Sidon,
he built a town, which he called Salamis, after his native country.
He attempted, to no purpose, to recover the island of Salamis after
his father’s death. He built a temple to Jupiter in Cyprus, on which
a man was annually sacrificed till the reign of the Antonines. Some
suppose that Teucer did not return to Cyprus, but that, according
to a less received opinion, he went to settle in Spain, where new
Carthage was afterwards built, and thence into Galatia. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 1, li. 281.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 623.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 29.
――_Justin_, bk. 44, ch. 3.――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.――――One of
the servants of Phalaris of Agrigentum.

=Teucri=, a name given to the Trojans, from Teucer their king. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 1, lis. 42 & 239.

=Teucria=, a name given to Troy, from Teucer one of its kings. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 26.

=Teucteri=, a people of Germany, at the east of the Rhine. _Tacitus_,
_Germania_, ch. 22.

=Teumessus=, a mountain of Bœotia with a village of the same name,
where Hercules, when young, killed an enormous lion. _Statius_,
_Thebaid_, bk. 1, li. 331.

=Teuta=, a queen of Illyricum, B.C. 231, who ordered some Roman
ambassadors to be put to death. This unprecedented murder was the
cause of a war, which ended in her disgrace. _Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 5.
――_Pliny_, bk. 34, ch. 6.

=Teutamias=, or =Teutamis=, a king of Larissa. He instituted games in
honour of his father, where Perseus killed his grandfather Acrisius
with a quoit.

=Teutamus=, a king of Assyria, the same as Tithonus the father of
Memnon. _Diodorus_, bk. 5.

=Teutas=, or =Teutates=, a name of Mercury among the Gauls. The
people offered human victims to this deity. _Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 445.
――_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_.

=Teuthrania=, a part of Mysia where the Caycus rises.

=Teuthras=, a king of Mysia on the borders of the Caycus. He adopted
as his daughter, or, according to others, married, Auge the daughter
of Aleus, when she fled away into Asia from her father, who wished to
punish her for her amours with Hercules. Some time after his kingdom
was invaded by Idas the son of Aphareus, and to remove this enemy, he
promised Auge and his crown to any one who could restore tranquillity
to his subjects. This was executed by Telephus, who afterwards
proved to be the son of Auge, who was promised in marriage to him
by right of his successful expedition. The 50 daughters of Teuthras,
who became mothers by Hercules, are called _Teuthrantia turba_.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 25.――_Ovid_,
_Tristia_, bk. 2, li. 19; _Heroides_, poem 9, li. 51.――_Hyginus_,
fable 100.――――A river’s name.――――One of the companions of Æneas in
Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 402.

=Teutoburgiensis saltus=, a forest of Germany, between the Ems and
Lippa, where Varus and his legions were cut to pieces. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 1, ch. 60.

=Teutomatus=, a prince of Gaul, among the allies of Rome.

=Teutŏni= and =Teutŏnes=, a people of Germany, who with the Cimbri made
incursions upon Gaul, and cut to pieces two Roman armies. They were
at last defeated by the consul Marius, and an infinite number made
prisoners. _See:_ Cimbri. _Cicero_, _On Pompey’s Command_.――_Florus_,
bk. 3, ch. 3.――_Plutarch_, _Caius Marius_.――_Martial_, bk. 14,
ltr. 26.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 14.

=Thabenna=, an inland town of Africa, _African War_, ch. 77.

=Thabusium=, a fortified place of Phrygia. _Livy_, bk. 38, ch. 14.

=Thais=, a famous courtesan of Athens, who accompanied Alexander in his
Asiatic conquests, and gained such an ascendancy over him, that she
made him burn the royal palace of Persepolis. After Alexander’s death,
she married Ptolemy king of Egypt. Menander celebrated her charms
both mental and personal, which were of a superior nature, and on
this account she is called _Menandrea_ by _Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 6.
――_Ovid_, _Ars Amatoria_, bk. 3, li. 604; _Remedia Amoris_, li. 384.
――_Plutarch_, _Alexander_.――_Juvenal_, satire 3, li. 93.――_Athenæus_,
bk. 13, ch. 13.

=Thala=, a town of Africa. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 3, ch. 21.

=Thalăme=, a town of Messenia, famous for a temple and oracle of
Pasiphae. _Plutarch_, _Agis_.

=Thalassius=, a beautiful young Roman in the reign of Romulus. At the
rape of the Sabines, one of these virgins appeared remarkable for
beauty and elegance, and her ravisher, afraid of many competitors,
exclaimed, as he carried her away, that it was for Thalassius. The
name of Thalassius was no sooner mentioned, than all were eager to
preserve so beautiful a prize for him. Their union was attended with
so much happiness, that it was ever after usual at Rome to make use
of the word _Thalassius_ at nuptials, and to wish those that were
married the felicity of Thalassius. He is supposed by some to be
the same as _Hymen_, as he was made a deity. _Plutarch_, _Romulus_.
――_Martial_, bk. 3, ltr. 92.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 9.

=Thales=, one of the seven wise men of Greece, born at Miletus in Ionia.
He was descended from Cadmus: his father’s name was Examius, and his
mother’s Cleobula. Like the rest of the ancients, he travelled in
quest of knowledge, and for some time resided in Crete, Phœnicia,
and Egypt. Under the priests of Memphis he was taught geometry,
astronomy, and philosophy, and enabled to measure with exactness
the vast height and extent of a pyramid merely by its shadow. His
discoveries in astronomy were great and ingenious; and he was the
first who calculated with accuracy a solar eclipse. He discovered
the solstices and equinoxes, he divided the heavens into five zones,
and recommended the division of the year into 365 days, which was
universally adopted by the Egyptian philosophy. Like Homer, he
looked upon water as the principle of everything. He was the founder
of the Ionic sect, which distinguished itself for its deep and
abstruse speculations under the successors and pupils of the Milesian
philosopher, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, and Archelaus the
master of Socrates. Thales was never married; and when his mother
pressed him to choose a wife, he said he was too young. The same
exhortations were afterwards repeated, but the philosopher eluded
them by observing that he was then too old to enter the matrimonial
state. He died in the 96th year of his age, about 548 years before
the christian era. His compositions on philosophical subjects are
lost. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 7.――_Plato._――_Diogenes Laërtius_,
bk. 1.――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, &c.――――A lyric poet of Crete,
intimate with Lycurgus. He prepared by his rhapsodies the minds of
the Spartans to receive the rigorous institutions of his friend, and
inculcated a reverence for the peace of civil society.

=Thalestria=, or =Thalestris=, a queen of the Amazons, who, accompanied
by 300 women, came 35 days’ journey to meet Alexander in his Asiatic
conquests, to raise children by a man whose fame was so great, and
courage so uncommon. _Curtius_, bk. 6, ch. 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 11.
――_Justin_, bk. 2, ch. 4.

=Thaletes=, a Greek poet of Crete, 900 B.C.

=Thălīa=, one of the Muses, who presided over festivals, and over
pastoral and comic poetry. She is represented leaning on a column,
holding a mask in her right hand, by which she is distinguished from
her sisters, as also by a shepherd’s crook. Her dress appears shorter,
and not so ornamented as that of the other Muses. _Horace_, bk. 4,
ode 6, li. 25.――_Martial_, bk. 9, ltr. 75.――_Plutarch_, _Convivium
Septem Sapientium_, &c.――_Virgil_, _Eclogues_, poem 6, li. 2.――――One
of the Nereides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5,
li. 826.――――An island in the Tyrrhene sea.

=Thallo=, one of the Horæ or Seasons, who presided over the spring.
_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 35.

=Thalpius=, a son of Eurytus, one of Helen’s suitors. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 10.

=Thalyssia=, Greek festivals celebrated by the people of the country
in honour of Ceres, to whom the first fruits were regularly offered.
_Scholia_ on _Theocritus_, poem 3.

=Thamĭras=, a Cilician who first introduced the art of augury in Cyprus,
where it was religiously preserved in his family for many years.
_Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Thamuda=, a part of Arabia Felix.

=Thamyras=, or =Thamyris=, a celebrated musician of Thrace. His
father’s name was Philammon, and his mother’s Argiope. He became
enamoured of the Muses, and challenged them to a trial of skill. His
challenge was accepted, and it was mutually agreed that the conqueror
should be totally at the disposal of his victorious adversary. He
was conquered, and the Muses deprived him of his eyesight and his
melodious voice, and broke his lyre. His poetical compositions are
lost. Some accused him of having first introduced into the world the
unnatural vice of which Sotades is accused. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2,
li. 594; bk. 5, li. 599.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Ovid_,
_Amores_, bk. 3, poem 7, li. 62; _Ars Amatoria_, bk. 3, li. 399.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 33.

=Thamyris=, one of the petty princes of the Dacæ, in the age of Darius,
&c.――――A queen of the Massagetæ. _See:_ Thomyris.――――A Trojan killed
by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 341.

=Thapsăcus=, a city on the Euphrates.

=Thapsus=, a town of Africa Propria, where Scipio and Juba were
defeated by Cæsar. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 261.――_Livy_, bk. 29,
ch. 30; bk. 33, ch. 48.――――A town at the north of Syracuse in Sicily.

=Thargelia=, festivals in Greece, in honour of Apollo and Diana.
They lasted two days, and the youngest of both sexes carried olive
branches, on which were suspended cakes and fruits. _Athenæus_,
bk. 12.

=Thariădes=, one of the generals of Antiochus, &c.

=Tharops=, the father of Œager, to whom Bacchus gave the kingdom of
Thrace, after the death of Lycurgus. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.

=Thasius=, or =Thrasius=, a famous soothsayer of Cyprus, who told
Busiris king of Egypt, that to stop a dreadful plague which afflicted
his country, he must offer a foreigner to Jupiter. Upon this the
tyrant ordered him to be seized and sacrificed to the god, as he was
not a native of Egypt. _Ovid_, _de Ars Amatoria_, bk. 1, li. 549.
――――A surname of Hercules, who was worshipped at Thasos.

=Thasos=, or =Thasus=, a small island in the Ægean, on the coast of
Thrace, opposite the mouth of the Nestus, anciently known by the
name of _Æria_, _Odonis_, _Æthria_, _Acte_, _Ogygia_, _Chryse_, and
_Ceresis_. It received that of Thasos from Thasus the son of Agenor,
who settled there when he despaired of finding his sister Europa. It
was about 40 miles in circumference, and so uncommonly fruitful, that
the fertility of Thasos became proverbial. Its wine was universally
esteemed, and its marble quarries were also in great repute, as well
as its mines of gold and silver. The capital of the island was also
called Thasos. _Livy_, bk. 33, chs. 30 & 55.――_Herodotus_, bk. 2,
ch. 44.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 25.――_Ælian_,
_Varia Historia_, bk. 4, &c.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 91.
――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Cimon_, ch. 2.

=Thasus=, a son of Neptune, who went with Cadmus to seek Europa. He
built the town of Thasus in Thrace. Some make him brother of Cadmus.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 1.

=Thaumaci=, a town of Thessaly on the Maliac gulf. _Livy_, bk. 32,
ch. 4.

=Thaumantias= and =Thaumantis=, a name given to Iris the messenger
of Juno, because she was the daughter of Thaumas the son of Oceanus
and Terra by one of the Oceanides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 5.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 479;
bk. 14, li. 845.

=Thaumas=, a son of Neptune and Terra, who married Electra, one of the
Oceanides, by whom he had Iris and the ♦Harpies, &c. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, ch. 2.

♦ ‘Harpyies’ replaced with ‘Harpies’

=Thaumasius=, a mountain of Arcadia, on whose top, according to some
accounts, Jupiter was born.

=Thea=, a daughter of Uranus and Terra. She married her brother
Hyperion, by whom she had the sun, the moon, Aurora, &c. She is also
called Thia, Titæa, Rhea, Tethys, &c.――――One of the Sporades.

=Theagĕnes=, a man who made himself master of Megara, &c.――――An athlete
of Thaos, famous for his strength. His father’s name was Timosthenes,
a friend of Hercules. He was crowned above 1000 times at the public
games of the Greeks, and became a god after death. _Pausanias_, bk. 6,
chs. 6 & 11.――_Plutarch._――――A Theban officer, who distinguished
himself at the battle of Cheronæa. _Plutarch._――――A writer who
published commentaries on Homer’s works.

=Theages=, a Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates. _Plato._――_Ælian_,
_Varia Historia_, bk. 4, &c.

=Theangela=, a town of Caria.

=Theāno=, the wife of Metapontus son of Sisyphus, presented some twins
to her husband, when he wished to repudiate her for her barrenness.
The children were educated with the greatest care, and some time
afterwards Theano herself became the mother of twins. When they were
grown up she encouraged them to murder the supposititious children,
who were to succeed to their father’s throne in preference to them.
They were both killed in the attempt, and the father, displeased
with the conduct of Theano, repudiated her to marry the mother of the
children whom he had long considered as his own. _Hyginus_, fable 186.
――――A daughter of Cisseus, sister to Hecuba, who married Antenor, and
was supposed to have betrayed the Palladium to the Greeks, as she was
priestess of Minerva. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 6, li. 298.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 10, ch. 27.――_Dictys Cretensis_, bk. 5, ch. 8.――――One of the
Danaides. Her husband’s name was Phantes. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 1.
――――The wife of the philosopher Pythagoras, daughter of Pythanax of
Crete, or, according to others, of Brontinus of Crotona. _Diogenes
Laërtius_, bk. 8, ch. 42.――――The daughter of Pythagoras.――――A poetess
of Locris.――――A priestess of Athens, daughter of Menon, who refused
to pronounce a curse upon Alcibiades when he was accused of having
mutilated all the statues of Mercury. _Plutarch._――――The mother of
Pausanias. She was the first, as it is reported, who brought a stone
to the entrance of Minerva’s temple, to shut up her son when she
heard of his crimes and perfidy to his country. _Polyænus_, bk. 8.
――――A daughter of Scedasus, to whom some of the Lacedæmonians offered
violence at Leuctra.――――A Trojan matron, who became mother of Mimas
by Amycus, the same night that Paris was born. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 10, li. 703.

=Theānum=, a town of Italy. _See:_ Teanum.

=Thearidas=, a brother of Dionysius the elder. He was made admiral of
his fleet. _Diodorus_, bk. 14.

=Thearius=, a surname of Apollo at Trœzene. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 51.

=Theatetes=, a Greek epigrammatist.

=Theba=, or =Thebe=, a town of Cilicia. _See:_ Thebæ.

=Thebæ= (arum), a celebrated city, the capital of Bœotia, situate on
the banks of the river Ismenus. The manner of its foundation is not
precisely known. Cadmus is supposed to have first begun to found it
by building the citadel Cadmea. It was afterwards finished by Amphion
and Zethus; but, according to Varro, it owed its origin to Ogyges.
The government of Thebes was monarchical, and many of the sovereigns
are celebrated for their misfortunes, such as Laius, Œdipus,
Polynices, Eteocles, &c. The war which Thebes supported against the
Argives, is famous as well as that of the Epigoni. The Thebans were
looked upon as an indolent and sluggish nation, and the words of
_Theban pig_, became proverbial to express a man remarkable for
stupidity and inattention. This, however, was not literally true;
under Epaminondas, the Thebans, though before dependent, became
masters of Greece, and everything was done according to their will
and pleasure. When Alexander invaded Greece, he ordered Thebes to
be totally demolished, because it had revolted against him, except
the house where the poet Pindar had been born and educated. In this
dreadful period 6000 of its inhabitants were slain, and 30,000 sold
for slaves. Thebes was afterwards repaired by Cassander the son of
Antipater, but it never rose to its original consequence, and Strabo,
in his age, mentions it merely as an inconsiderable village. The
monarchical government was abolished there at the death of Xanthus,
about 1190 years before Christ, and Thebes became a republic. It
received its name from Thebe the daughter of Asopus, to whom the
founder Amphion was nearly related. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 4,
&c.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 6; bk. 9,
ch. 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.――_Plutarch_, _Pelopidas_, _Pelopidas_,
& _Alexander_.――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Pelopidas_, _Epaminondas_, &c.
――_Horace_, _Art of Poetry_, li. 394.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_.――――A
town at the south of Troas, built by Hercules, and also called
_Placia_ and _Hypoplacia_. It fell into the hands of the Cilicians,
who occupied it during the Trojan war. _Curtius_, bk. 3, ch. 4.
――_Livy_, bk. 37, ch. 19.――_Strabo_, bk. 11.――――An ancient celebrated
city of Thebais in Egypt, called also _Hecatompylos_, on account
of its 100 gates, and _Diospolis_, as being sacred to Jupiter. In
the time of its splendour, it extended above 23 miles, and upon any
emergency could send into the field, by each of its 100 gates, 20,000
fighting men and 200 chariots. Thebes was ruined by Cambyses king of
Persia, and few traces of it were seen in the age of Juvenal. _Pliny_,
bk. 5, ch. 9.――_Juvenal_, satire bk. 15, li. 16.――_Tacitus_, _Annals_,
bk. 2.――_Herodotus_, bks. 2 & 3.――_Diodorus_, bk. 2.――_Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 9, li. 381.――_Strabo_, bk. 17.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 9.
――――A town of Africa, built by Bacchus.――――Another in Thessaly.
_Livy_, bk. 28, ch. 7.――――Another in Phthiotis.

=Thebais=, a country in the southern parts of Egypt, of which Thebes
was the capital.――――There have been some poems which have borne the
name of Thebais, but of these the only one extant is the Thebais
of Statius. It gives an account of the war of the Thebans against
the Argives, in consequence of the dissension of Eteocles with his
brother Polynices. The poet was 12 years in composing it.――――A river
of Lydia.――――A name given to a native of Thebes.

=Thebe=, a daughter of the Asopus, who married Zethus. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 5.――――The wife of Alexander
tyrant of Pheræ. She was persuaded by Pelopidas to murder her husband.

=Theia=, a goddess. _See:_ Thea.

=Theias=, a son of Belus, who had an incestuous intercourse with his
daughter Smyrna.

=Thelephassa=, the second wife of Agenor, called also _Telaphassa_.

=Thelpūsa=, a nymph of Arcadia. _See:_ ♦Telphusa.

♦ ‘Telpusa’ replaced with ‘Telphusa’

=Thelxion=, a son of Apis, who conspired against his father, who was
king of Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 5.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 2, ch. 1.

=Thelxiope=, one of the Muses, according to some writers. _Cicero_,
_de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum_.

=Themeneus=, a son of Aristomachus, better known by the name of Temenus.

=Themesion=, a tyrant of Eretria. _Diodorus_, bk. 15.

=Themillas=, a Trojan, &c. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 376.

=Themis=, a daughter of Cœlus and Terra, who married Jupiter against
her own inclination. She became mother of Dice, Irene, Eunomia, the
Parcæ and Horæ; and was the first to whom the inhabitants of the
earth raised temples. Her oracle was famous in Attica in the age of
Deucalion, who consulted it with great solemnity, and was instructed
how to repair the loss of mankind. She was generally attended by the
seasons. Among the moderns she is represented as holding a sword in
one hand, and a pair of scales in the other. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 1, li. 321.――――A daughter of Ilus, who married Capys, and became
mother of Anchises. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.

=Themiscy̆ra=, a town of Cappadocia, at the mouth of the Thermodon,
belonging to the Amazons. The territories round it bore the same name.

=Themĭson=, a famous physician of Laodicea, disciple to Asclepiades.
He was founder of a sect called Methodists, because he wished to
introduce methods to facilitate the learning and the practice of
physic. He flourished in the Augustan age. _Pliny_, bk. 29, ch. 1.
――_Juvenal_, satire 10.――――One of the generals and ministers of
Antiochus the Great. He was born at Cyprus. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_,
bk. 2, ch. 41.

=Themista=, or =Themistis=, a goddess, the same as Themis.

=Themistĭus=, a celebrated philosopher of Paphlagonia in the age of
Constantius, greatly esteemed by the Roman emperors, and called
_Euphrades_, the fine speaker, from his eloquent and commanding
delivery. He was made a Roman senator, and always distinguished for
his ♦liberality and munificence. His school was greatly frequented.
He wrote, when young, some commentaries on Aristotle, fragments of
which are still extant, and 33 of his orations. He professed himself
to be an enemy to flattery, and though he often deviates from this
general rule in his addresses to the emperors, yet he strongly
recommends humanity, wisdom, and clemency. The best edition of
Themistius is that of Harduin, folio, Paris, 1684.

♦ ‘liberalty’ replaced with ‘liberality’

=Themisto=, a daughter of Hypseus, was the third wife of Athamas king
of Thebes, by whom she had four sons, called Ptous, Leucon, Schœneus,
and Erythroes. She endeavoured to kill the children of Ino, her
husband’s second wife, but she killed her own, by means of Ino, who
lived in her house in the disguise of a servant-maid, and to whom she
entrusted her bloody intentions, upon which she destroyed herself.
_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 23.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――――A woman
mentioned by Polyænus.――――The mother of the poet Homer, according to
a tradition mentioned by Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 24.

=Themistŏcles=, a celebrated general born at Athens. His father’s name
was Neocles, and his mother’s Euterpe, or Abrotonum, a native of
Halicarnassus, or of Thrace, or Acarnaia. The beginning of his youth
was marked by vices so flagrant, and an inclination so incorrigible,
that his father disinherited him. This, which might have disheartened
others, roused the ambition of Themistocles, and the protection
which he was denied at home, he sought in courting the favours of the
populace, and in sharing the ♦administration of public affairs. When
Xerxes invaded Greece, Themistocles was at the head of the Athenian
republic, and in this capacity the fleet was entrusted to his care.
When the Lacedæmonians under Leonidas were opposing the Persians at
Thermopylæ, the naval operations of Themistocles, and of the combined
fleet of the Peloponnesians, were directed to destroy the armament
of Xerxes, and to ruin his maritime power. The obstinate wish of the
generals to command the Grecian fleet might have proved fatal to the
interest of the allies, had not Themistocles freely relinquished his
pretensions, and by nominating his rival Eurybiades master of the
expedition, shown the world that his ambition could stoop when his
country demanded his assistance. The Persian fleet was distressed at
Artemisium by a violent storm, and the feeble attack of the Greeks;
but a decisive battle had never been fought if Themistocles had not
used threats and entreaties, and even called religion to his aid,
and the favourable answers of the oracle, to second his measures.
The Greeks, actuated by different views, were unwilling to make head
by sea against an enemy whom they saw victorious by land, plundering
their cities and destroying all by fire and sword; but before they
were dispersed, Themistocles sent intelligence of their intentions
to the Persian monarch. Xerxes, by immediately blocking them with his
fleet, in the bay of Salamis, prevented their escape, and while he
wished to crush them all at one blow, he obliged them to fight for
their safety, as well as for the honour of their country. This battle,
which was fought near the island of Salamis, B.C. 480, was decisive;
the Greeks obtained the victory, and Themistocles the honour of
having destroyed the formidable navy of Xerxes. Further to ensure
the peace of his country, Themistocles informed the Asiatic monarch
that the Greeks had conspired to cut the bridge which he had built
across the Hellespont, and to prevent his retreat into Asia. This met
with equal success; Xerxes hastened away from Greece, and while he
believed the words of Themistocles, that his return would be disputed,
he left his forces without a general, and his fleets an easy conquest
to the victorious Greeks. These signal services to his country
endeared Themistocles to the Athenians, and he was universally called
the most warlike and most courageous of all the Greeks who fought
against the Persians. He was received with the most distinguished
honours, and by his prudent administration, Athens was soon fortified
with strong walls, her Pireus was rebuilt, and her harbours were
filled with a numerous and powerful navy, which rendered her the
mistress of Greece. Yet in the midst of that glory, the conqueror of
Xerxes incurred the displeasure of his countrymen, which had proved
so fatal to many of his illustrious predecessors. He was banished
from the city, and after he had sought in vain a safe retreat among
the republics of Greece, and the barbarians of Thrace, he threw
himself into the arms of a monarch, whose fleets he had defeated,
and whose father he had ruined. Artaxerxes, the successor of Xerxes,
received the illustrious Athenian with kindness; and though he
had formerly set a price upon his head, yet he made him one of his
greatest favourites, and bestowed three rich cities upon him, to
provide him with bread, wine, and meat. Such kindness from a monarch,
from whom he, perhaps, expected the most hostile treatment, did
not alter the sentiments of Themistocles. He still remembered that
Athens gave him birth, and according to some writers, the wish of not
injuring his country, and therefore his inability of carrying on war
against Greece, at the request of Artaxerxes, obliged him to destroy
himself by drinking bull’s blood. The manner of his death, however,
is uncertain, and while some affirm that he poisoned himself, others
declare that he fell a prey to a violent distemper in the city of
Magnesia, where he had fixed his residence, while in the dominions of
the Persian monarch. His bones were conveyed to Attica and honoured
with a magnificent tomb by the Athenians, who began to repent too
late of their cruelty to the saviour of his country. Themistocles
died in the 65th year of his age, about 449 years before the
christian era. He has been admired as a man naturally courageous,
of a disposition fond of activity, ambitious of glory and enterprise.
Blessed with a provident and discerning mind, he seemed to rise
superior to misfortunes, and in the midst of adversity, possessed
of resources which could enable him to regain his splendour, and
even to command fortune. _Plutarch_ & _Cornelius Nepos_, _Lives_.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 1; bk. 8, ch. 52.――_Ælian_, _Varia
Historia_, bk. 2, ch. 12; bk. 9, ch. 18; bk. 13, ch. 40.――――A writer,
some of whose letters are extant.

♦ ‘adminstration’ replaced with ‘administration’

=Themistogĕnes=, an historian of Syracuse, in the age of Artaxerxes
Memnon. He wrote on the wars of Cyrus the younger, a subject ably
treated afterwards by Xenophon.

=Theŏcles=, an opulent citizen of Corinth, who liberally divided his
riches among the poor. Thrasonides, a man equally rich with himself,
followed the example. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 14, ch. 24.――――A
Greek statuary. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 19.

=Theŏclus=, a Messenian poet and soothsayer, who died B.C. 671.
_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 15, &c.

=Theoclymĕnus=, a soothsayer of Argolis, descended from Melampus. His
father’s name was Thestor. He foretold the speedy return of Ulysses
to Penelope and Telemachus. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 15, li. 225, &c.
――_Hyginus_, fable 128.

=Theŏcrĭtus=, a Greek poet who flourished at Syracuse, in Sicily, 282
B.C. His father’s name was Praxagoras or Simichus, and his mother’s
Philina. He lived in the age of Ptolemy Philadelphus, whose praises
he sung, and whose favours he enjoyed. Theocritus distinguished
himself by his poetical compositions, of which 30 idyllia and some
epigrams are extant, written in the Doric dialect, and admired for
their beauty, elegance, and simplicity. Virgil, in his eclogues, has
imitated and often copied him. Theocritus has been blamed for the
many indelicate and obscene expressions which he uses; and while
he introduces shepherds and peasants with all the rusticity and
ignorance of nature, he often disguises their character by making
them speak on high and exalted subjects. It is said he wrote some
invectives against Hiero king of Syracuse, who ordered him to be
strangled. He also wrote a ludicrous poem called _Syrinx_, and placed
his verses in such order that they represented the pipe of the god
Pan. The best editions of Theocritus, are Warton’s, 2 vols., 4to,
Oxford, 1770; that of Heinsius, 8vo, Oxford, 1699; that of Valkenaer,
8vo, Leiden, 1781; and that of Reiske, 2 vols., 4to, Lipscomb, 1790.
_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Diogenes Laërtius_, bk. 5.――――A Greek
historian of Chios, who wrote an account of Libya. _Plutarch._

♦=Theodămas=, or =Thiodamas=, a king of Mysia, in Asia Minor. He was
killed by Hercules, because he refused to treat him and his son with
hospitality. _Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 438.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.
――_Hyginus_, fable 271.

♦ ‘Thodămas’ replaced with ‘Theodămas’

=Theodectes=, a Greek orator and poet of Phaselis in Pamphylia, son of
Aristander, and disciple of Isocrates. He wrote 50 tragedies, besides
other works now lost. He had such a happy memory that he could repeat
with ease whatever verses were spoken in his presence. When Alexander
passed through Phaselis, he crowned with garlands the statue which
had been erected to the memory of the deceased poet. _Cicero_,
_Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 1, ch. 24; _Orator_, ch. 51, &c.
――_Plutarch._――_Quintilian._

=Theodonis=, a town of Germany, now _Thionville_, on the Moselle.

=Theodōra=, a daughter-in-law of the emperor Maximian, who married
Constantius.――――A daughter of Constantine.――――A woman who, from being
a prostitute, became empress to Justinian, and distinguished herself
by her intrigues and enterprises.――――The name of Theodora is common
to the empresses of the east in a later period.

=Theodoretus=, one of the Greek fathers who flourished A.D. 425, whose
works have been edited, 5 vols., folio, Paris, 1642, and 5 vols.,
Halæ, 1769 to 1774.

=Theodoritus=, a Greek ecclesiastical historian, whose works have been
best edited by Reading, folio, Cambridge. 1720.

=Theodōrus=, a Syracusan of great authority among his countrymen, who
severely inveighed against the tyranny of Dionysius.――――A philosopher,
disciple to Aristippus. He denied the existence of a God. He was
banished from Cyrene, and fled to Athens, where the friendship of
Demetrius Phalereus saved him from the accusations which were carried
to the Areopagus against him. Some suppose that he was at last
condemned to death for his impiety, and that he drank poison.――――A
preceptor to one of the sons of Antony, whom he betrayed to Augustus.
――――A consul in the reign of Honorius. Claudian wrote a poem upon
him, in which he praises him with great liberality.――――A secretary of
Valens. He conspired against the emperor and was beheaded.――――A man
who compiled a history of Rome. Of this, nothing but his history of
the reigns of Constantine and Constantius is extant.――――A comic actor.
――――A player on the flute in the age of Demetrius Poliorcetes, who
contemptuously rejected the favours of Lamia the mistress of the
monarch.――――A Greek poet of Colophon, whose compositions are lost.
――――A sophist of Byzantium, called _Logodaidalos_ by Plato.――――A
Greek poet in the age of Cleopatra. He wrote a book of metamorphoses,
which Ovid imitated, as some suppose.――――An artist of Samos about 700
years B.C. He was the first who found out the art of melting iron,
with which he made statues.――――A priest, father of Isocrates.――――A
Greek writer, called also _Prodromus_. The time in which he lived
is unknown. There is a romance of his composition extant, called the
amours of Rhodanthe and Dosicles, the only edition of which was by
Gaulminus, 8vo, Paris, 1625.

=Theodosia=, now _Caffa_, a town in the Cimmerian Bosphorus. _Mela_,
bk. 2, ch. 1.

=Theodosiopŏlis=, a town of Armenia, built by Theodosius, &c.

=Theodosius Flavius=, a Roman emperor surnamed _Magnus_, from the
greatness of his exploits. He was invested with the imperial purple
by Gratian, and appointed over Thrace and the eastern provinces,
which had been in the possession of Valentinian. The first years of
his reign were marked by different conquests over the barbarians.
The Goths were defeated in Thrace, and 4000 of their chariots, with
an immense number of prisoners of both sexes, were the reward of the
victory. This glorious campaign intimidated the inveterate enemies
of Rome; they sued for peace, and treaties of alliance were made with
distant nations, who wished to gain the favours and the friendship
of a prince whose military virtues were so conspicuous. Some
conspiracies were formed against the emperor, but Theodosius totally
disregarded them; and while he punished his competitors for the
imperial purple, he thought himself sufficiently secure in the love
and the affection of his subjects. His reception at Rome was that of
a conqueror; he triumphed over the barbarians, and restored peace in
every part of the empire. He died of a dropsy at Milan, in the 60th
year of his age, after a reign of 16 years, the 17th of January,
A.D. 395. His body was conveyed to Constantinople, and buried by his
son Arcadius, in the tomb of Constantine. Theodosius was the last
of the emperors who was the sole master of the whole Roman empire.
He left three children, Arcadius and Honorius, who succeeded him,
and Pulcheria. Theodosius has been commended by ancient writers,
as a prince blessed with every virtue, and debased by no vicious
propensity. Though master of the world, he was a stranger to that
pride and arrogance which too often disgrace the monarch; he was
affable in his behaviour, benevolent and compassionate, and it was
his wish to treat his subjects as himself was treated when a private
man and a ♦dependent. Men of merit were promoted to places of trust
and honour, and the emperor was fond of patronizing the cause of
virtue and learning. His zeal as a follower of christianity has been
applauded by all the ecclesiastical writers, and it was the wish of
Theodosius to support the revealed religion, as much by his example,
meekness, and christian charity, as by his edicts and ecclesiastical
institutions. His want of clemency, however, in one instance, was too
openly betrayed, and when the people of Thessalonica had unmeaningly,
perhaps, killed one of his officers, the emperor ordered his soldiers
to put all the inhabitants to the sword, and no less than 6000
persons, without distinction of rank, age, or sex, were cruelly
butchered in that town in the space of three hours. This violence
irritated the ecclesiastics, and Theodosius was compelled by St.
Ambrose to do open penance in the church, and publicly to make
atonement for an act of barbarity which had excluded him from
the bosom of the church, and the communion of the faithful. In
his private character Theodosius was an example of soberness and
temperance; his palace displayed becoming grandeur, but still
with moderation. He never indulged in luxury, or countenanced
superfluities. He was fond of bodily exercise, and never gave himself
up to pleasure and enervating enjoyments. The laws and regulations
which he introduced in the Roman empire, were of the most salutary
nature. _Socrates of Constantinople_, bk. 5, &c.――_Zosimus_, bk. 4,
&c.――_Ambrose._――_Augustine._――_Claudian_, &c.

♦ ‘dependant’ replaced with ‘dependent’

=Theodosius II.=, succeeded his father Arcadius as emperor of the
western Roman empire, though only in the eighth year of his age.
He was governed by his sister Pulcheria, and by his ministers and
eunuchs, in whose hands was the disposal of the offices of state,
and all places of trust and honour. He married Eudoxia, the daughter
of a philosopher called Leontius, a woman remarkable for her virtues
and piety. The territories of Theodosius were invaded by the Persians,
but the emperor soon appeared at the head of a numerous force,
and the two hostile armies met on the frontiers of the empire. The
consternation was universal on both sides; without even a battle,
the Persians fled, and no less than 100,000 were lost in the waters
of the Euphrates. Theodosius raised the siege of Nisibis, where his
operations failed of success, and he averted the fury of the Huns
and Vandals by bribes and promises. He died on the 29th of July,
in the 49th year of his age, A.D. 450, leaving only one daughter,
Licinia Eudoxia, whom he married to the emperor Valentinian III. The
carelessness and inattention of Theodosius to public affairs are well
known. He signed all the papers that were brought to him without even
opening them or reading them, till his sister apprised him of his
negligence, and rendered him more careful and diligent, by making him
sign a paper, in which he delivered into her hand, Eudoxia his wife
as a slave and menial servant. The laws and regulations which were
promulgated under him, and selected from the most useful and salutary
institutions of his imperial predecessors, have been called the
_Theodosian code_. Theodosius was a warm advocate for the christian
religion, but he has been blamed for his partial attachment to those
who opposed the orthodox faith. _Sozomen._――_Socrates_, &c.

=Theodosius=, a lover of Antonina the wife of Belisarius.――――A
mathematician of Tripoli, who flourished 75 B.C. His treatise, called
Sphærica, is best edited by Hunt, 8vo, Oxford, 1707.――――A Roman
general, father of Theodosius the Great; he died A.D. 376.

=Theodŏta=, a beautiful courtesan of Elis, whose company was frequented
by Socrates. _Xenophon_, _on Socrates_.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_,
bk. 13, ch. 32.――――A Roman empress, &c.

=Theodotian=, an interpreter, in the reign of Commodus.

=Theodŏtus=, an admiral of the Rhodians, sent by his countrymen to make
a treaty with the Romans.――――A native of Chios, who, as preceptor and
counsellor of Ptolemy, advised the feeble monarch to murder Pompey.
He carried the head of the unfortunate Roman to Cæsar, but the
resentment of the conqueror was such that the mean assassin fled, and
after a wandering and miserable life in the cities of Asia, he was
at last put to death by Brutus. _Plutarch_, _Brutus_ & _Pompey_.――――A
Syracusan, accused of a conspiracy against Hieronymus the tyrant of
Syracuse.――――A governor of Bactriana in the age of Antiochus, who
revolted and made himself king, B.C. 250.――――A friend of the emperor
Julian.――――A Phœnician historian.――――One of the generals of Alexander.

=Theognētes=, a Greek tragic poet. _Athenæus._

=Theognis=, a Greek poet of Megara, who flourished about 549 years
before Christ. He wrote several poems, of which only few sentences
are now extant, quoted by Plato and other Greek historians and
philosophers, and intended as precepts for the conduct of human
life. The morals of the poet have been censured as neither decorous
nor chaste. The best edition of Theognis is that of Blackwall, 12mo,
London, 1706.――――There was also a tragic poet of the same name, whose
compositions were so lifeless and inanimated, that they procured him
the name of _Chion_, or _snow_.

=Theomnestus=, a rival of Nicias in the administration of public
affairs at Athens. _Strabo_, bk. 14.――――A statuary of Sardinia.
_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 15.――――An Athenian philosopher, among the
followers of Plato’s doctrines. He had Brutus, Cæsar’s murderer,
among his pupils.――――A painter. _Pliny_, bk. 35.

=Theon=, a philosopher, who used frequently to walk in his sleep.
_Diogenes Laërtius._――――An astronomer of Smyrna, in the reign of
Adrian.――――A painter of Samos. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 3,
ch. 44.――――Another philosopher. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――An infamous
reviler. _Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 19.

=Theonoe=, a daughter of Thestor, sister to Calchas. She was carried away by sea pirates, and sold to Icarus king of Caria, &c. _Hyginus_, fable 190.――――A daughter of Proteus and a Nereid, who became enamoured of Canobus, the pilot of a Trojan vessel, &c.

=Theope=, one of the daughters of Leos.

=Theophăne=, a daughter of Bisaltus, whom Neptune changed into a sheep,
to remove her from her numerous suitors, and conveyed to the island
Crumissa. The god afterwards assumed the shape of a ram, and under
this transformation he had by the nymph a ram with a golden fleece,
which carried Phryxus to Colchis. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6,
li. 177.――_Hyginus_, fable 188.

=Theophănes=, a Greek historian, born at Mitylene. He was very intimate
with Pompey, and from his friendship with the Roman general, his
countrymen derived many advantages. After the battle of Pharsalia,
he advised Pompey to retire to the court of Egypt. _Cicero_, _For
Archias_, &c.――_Paterculus._――_Plutarch_, _Cicero_ & _Pompey_.――――His
son Marcus Pompeius Theophanes was made governor of Asia, and enjoyed
the intimacy of Tiberius.――――The only edition of Theophanes the
Byzantine historian, is that of Paris, folio, 1649.

=Theophania=, festivals celebrated at Delphi in honour of Apollo.

=Theophĭlus=, a comic poet of Athens.――――A governor of Syria in the age
of Julian.――――A friend of Piso.――――A physician, whose treatise _de
Urinis_ is best edited by Guidotius, Leiden, 1728, and another by
Morell, 8vo, Paris, 1556.――――One of the Greek fathers, whose work
_ad Autolycum_ is best edited in 12mo, by Wolf, Hamburg, 1724.――――The
name of Theophilus is common among the primitive christians.