Chapter D (4)

=Dirce=, a woman whom Lycus king of Thebes married after he had
divorced Antiope. When Antiope became pregnant by Jupiter, Dirce
suspected her husband of infidelity to her bed, and imprisoned
Antiope, whom she tormented with the greatest cruelty. Antiope
escaped from her confinement, and brought forth Amphion and
Zethus on mount Cithæron. When these children were informed of the
cruelties to which their mother had been exposed, they besieged
Thebes, put Lycus to death, and tied the cruel Dirce to the tail
of a wild bull, which dragged her over rocks and precipices, and
exposed her to the most poignant pains, till the gods, pitying her
fate, changed her into a fountain, in the neighbourhood of Thebes.
According to some accounts, Antiope was mother of Amphion and Zethus
before she was confined and exposed to the tyranny of Dirce. _See:_
Amphion, Antiope. _Propertius_, bk. 3, poem 15, li. 37.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 9, ch. 26.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 12, ch. 57.――_Lucan_,
bk. 3, li. 175; bk. 4, li. 550.

=Dircenna=, a cold fountain of Spain, near Bilbilis. _Martial_, bk. 1,
ltr. 50, li. 17.

=Dirphyia=, a surname of Juno, from _Dirphya_, a mountain of Bœotia,
where the goddess had a temple.

=Dis=, a god of the Gauls, the same as Pluto the god of hell. The
inhabitants of Gaul supposed themselves descended from that deity.
_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 6.――_Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 4, ch. 84.

=Discordia=, a malevolent deity, daughter of Nox, and sister to
Nemesis, the Parcæ, and death. She was driven from heaven by Jupiter,
because she sowed dissensions among the gods, and was the cause
of continual quarrels. When the nuptials of Peleus and Thetis were
celebrated, the goddess of discord was not invited, and this seeming
neglect so irritated her, that she threw an apple into the midst of
the assembly of the gods, with the inscription of _detur pulchriori_.
This apple was the cause of the ruin of Troy, and of infinite
misfortunes to the Greeks. _See:_ Paris. She is represented with
a pale, ghastly look, her garment is torn, her eyes sparkle with
fire, and she holds a dagger concealed in her bosom. Her head is
generally entwined with serpents, and she is attended by Bellona.
She is supposed to be the cause of all dissensions, murders, wars,
and quarrels which arise upon earth, public as well as private.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 702.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 225.
――_Petronius._

=Dithyrambus=, a surname of Bacchus, whence the hymns sung in his
honour were called Dithyrambics. _Horace_, bk. 4, ode 2.

=Dittani=, a people of Spain.

=Divi=, a name chiefly appropriated to those who were made gods after
death, such as heroes and warriors, or the Lares and Penates, and
other domestic gods.

=Divitiăcus=, one of the Ædui, intimate with Cæsar. _Cicero_ bk. 1,
_de Divinatione_.

=Dium=, a town of Eubœa, where there were hot baths. _Pliny_, bk. 31,
ch. 2.――――A promontory of Crete.――――A town of Macedonia. _Livy_,
bk. 44, ch. 7.

=Divodurum=, a town of Gaul, now _Metz_ in Lorrain.

=Divus Fidius=, a god of the Sabines, worshipped also at Rome.
_Dionysius of Halicarnassus._

=Diyllus=, an Athenian historian. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.――――A statuary.
_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 13.

=Doberes=, a people of Pæonia. _Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 16.

=Docĭlis=, a gladiator at Rome, mentioned by _Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 18,
li. 19.

=Docĭmus=, a man of Tarentum, deprived of his military dignity
by Philip son of Amyntas, for indulging himself with hot baths.
_Polyænus_, bk. 4.――――An officer of Antigonus. _Diodorus_, bk. 19.
――――An officer of Perdiccas, taken by Antigonus. _Diodorus_, bk. 18.

=Dōdōna=, a town of Thesprotia in Epirus, or, according to others,
in Thessaly. There was in its neighbourhood, upon a small hill
called Tmarus, a celebrated oracle of Jupiter. The town and temple
of the god were first built by Deucalion, after the universal deluge.
It was supposed to be the most ancient oracle of all Greece, and
according to the traditions of the Egyptians mentioned by Herodotus,
it was founded by a dove. Two black doves, as he relates, took
their flight from the city of Thebes in Egypt, one of which flew
to the temple of Jupiter Ammon, and the other to Dodona, where,
with a human voice, they acquainted the inhabitants of the country
that Jupiter had consecrated the ground, which in future would
give oracles. The extensive grove which surrounded Jupiter’s temple
was endowed with the gift of prophecy, and oracles were frequently
delivered by the sacred oaks, and the doves which inhabited the
place. This fabulous tradition of the oracular power of the doves
is explained by Herodotus, who observes that some Phœnicians carried
away two priestesses from Egypt, one of which went to fix her
residence at Dodona, where the oracle was established. It may
further be observed, that the fable might have been founded upon the
double meaning of the word πελειαι, which signifies _doves_ in most
parts of Greece, while in the dialect of the Epirots, it implies
_old women_. In ancient times the oracles were delivered by the
murmuring of a neighbouring fountain, but the custom was afterwards
changed. Large kettles were suspended in the air near a brazen
statue, which held a lash in its hand. When the wind blew strong,
the statue was agitated and struck against one of the kettles, which
communicated the motion to all the rest, and raised that clattering
and discordant din which continued for a while, and from which the
artifice of the priests drew their predictions. Some suppose that
the noise was occasioned by the shaking of the leaves and boughs
of an old oak, which the superstition of the people frequently
consulted, and from which they pretended to receive oracles. It may
be observed with more probability that the oracles were delivered by
the priests, who, by artfully concealing themselves behind the oaks,
gave occasion to the superstitious multitude to believe that the
trees were endowed with the power of prophecy. As the ship Argo was
built with some of the oaks of the forest of Dodona, there were some
beams in the vessel which gave oracles to the Argonauts, and warned
them against the approach of calamity. Within the forest of Dodona
there was a stream with a fountain of cool water, which had the
power of lighting a torch as soon as it touched it. This fountain
was totally dry at noonday, and was restored to its full course
at midnight, from which time till the following noon it began to
decrease, and at the usual hour was again deprived of its waters.
The oracles of Dodona were originally delivered by men, but
afterwards by women. _See:_ Dodonides. _Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 103.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 57.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 14; _Iliad_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 21.――_Strabo_,
bk. 17.――_Plutarch_, _Pyrrhus_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.
――_Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 427.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 4, poem 8, li. 23.

=Dōdōnæus=, a surname of Jupiter from Dodona.

=Dōdōne=, a daughter of Jupiter and Europa.――――A fountain in the forest
of Dodona. _See:_ Dodona.

=Dōdōnĭdes=, the priestesses who gave oracles in the temple of Jupiter
in Dodona. According to some traditions the temple was originally
inhabited by seven daughters of Atlas, who nursed Bacchus. Their
names were Ambrosia, Eudora, Pasithoe, Pytho, Plexaure, Coronis,
Tythe or Tyche. In the latter ages the oracles were always delivered
by three old women, which custom was first established when Jupiter
enjoyed the company of Dione, whom he permitted to receive divine
honour in his temple at Dodona. The Bœotians were the only people
of Greece who received their oracles at Dodona from men, for reasons
which _Strabo_, bk. 9, fully explains.

=Doii=, a people of Arabia Felix.

=Dolabella Publius Cornelius=, a Roman who married the daughter of
Cicero. During the civil wars he warmly espoused the interest of
Julius Cæsar, whom he accompanied at the famous battles at Pharsalia,
Africa, and Munda. He was made consul by his patron, though Marcus
Antony his colleague opposed it. After the death of Julius Cæsar,
he received the government of Syria as his province. Cassius opposed
his views, and Dolabella, for violence, and for the assassination
of Trebonius, one of Cæsar’s murderers, was declared an enemy
to the republic of Rome. He was besieged by Cassius in Laodicea,
and when he saw that all was lost, he killed himself, in the 27th
year of his age. He was of small stature, which gave occasion to
his father-in-law to ask him once when he entered his house, who
had tied him so cleverly to his sword.――――A proconsul of Africa.
――――Another, who conquered the Gauls, Etrurians, and Boii at the
lake of Vadimonis, B. C. 283.――――The family of the Dolabellæ
distinguished themselves at Rome, and one of them, Lucius Cornelius,
conquered Lusitania, B.C. 99.

=Dolichaon=, the father of the Hebrus, &c. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10,
li. 696.

=Dolīche=, an island in the Ægean sea. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 6.
――――A town of Syria,――――of Macedonia. _Livy_, bk. 42, ch. 53.

=Dolius=, a faithful servant of Ulysses. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 4,
li. 675.

=Dolomēna=, a country of Assyria. _Strabo_, bk. 16.

=Dŏlon=, a Trojan, son of Eumedes, famous for his swiftness. Being
sent by Hector to spy the Grecian camp by night, he was seized by
Diomedes and Ulysses, to whom he revealed the situation, schemes,
and resolutions of his countrymen, with the hopes of escaping with
his life. He was put to death by Diomedes, as a traitor. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 10, li. 314.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 349, &c.
――――A poet. _See:_ Susarion.

=Dōlonci=, a people of Thrace. _Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 34.

=Dŏlŏpes=, a people of Thessaly, near mount Pindus. Peleus reigned
there, and sent them to the Trojan war under Phœnix. They became
also masters of Scyros, and like the rest of the ancient Greeks,
were fond of migration. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 7.――_Flaccus_,
bk. 2, li. 10.――_Livy_, bk. 36, ch. 33.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.――_Plutarch_,
_Cimon_.

=Dŏlŏpia=, the country of the Dolopes, near Pindus, through which the
Achelous flowed.

=Dŏlops=, a Trojan, son of Lampus, killed by Menelaus. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 15, li. 525.

=Domidūcus=, a god who presided over marriage. Juno also was called
_Domiduca_, from the power she was supposed to have in marriages.

=Domīnĭca=, a daughter of Petronius, who married the ♦emperor Valens.

♦ ‘emperior’ replaced with ‘emperor’

=Domitĭa lex=, _de Religione_, was enacted by Domitius Ahenobarbus the
tribune, A.U.C. 650. It transferred the right of electing priests
from the college to the people.

=Domĭtia Longīna=, a Roman lady who boasted in her debaucheries. She
was the wife of the emperor Domitian.

=Domĭtiānus Titus Flavius=, son of Vespasian and Flavia Domatilla,
made himself emperor of Rome at the death of his brother Titus,
whom, according to some accounts, he destroyed by poison. The
beginning of his reign promised tranquillity to the people, but
their expectations were soon frustrated. Domitian became cruel,
and gave way to incestuous and unnatural indulgencies. He commanded
himself to be called God and Lord in all the papers which were
presented to him. He passed the greatest part of the day in catching
flies and killing them with a bodkin, so that it was wittily
answered by Vibius to a person who asked him who was with the
emperor, “Nobody, not even a fly.” In the latter part of his reign
Domitian became suspicious, and his anxieties were increased by
the predictions of astrologers, but still more poignantly by the
stings of remorse. He was so distrustful even when alone, that round
the terrace, where he usually walked, he built a wall with shining
stones, that from them he might perceive as in a looking-glass
whether anybody followed him. All these precautions were unavailing;
he perished by the hand of an assassin the 18th of September, A.D.
96, in the 45th year of his age and the 15th of his reign. He was
the last of the 12 Cæsars. He distinguished himself for his love
of learning, and in a little treatise which he wrote upon the great
care which ought to be taken of the hair to prevent baldness, he
displayed much taste and elegance, according to the observations
of his biographers. After his death he was publicly deprived by the
senate of all the honours which had been profusely heaped upon him,
and even his body was left in the open air without the honours of
a funeral. This disgrace might proceed from the resentment of the
senators, whom he had exposed to terror as well as to ridicule. He
once assembled that august body, to know in what vessel a turbot
might be most conveniently dressed. At another time they received
a formal invitation to a feast, and when they arrived at the palace,
they were introduced into a large gloomy hall hung with black, and
lighted with a few glimmering tapers. In the middle were placed a
number of coffins, on each of which was inscribed the name of some
one of the invited senators. On a sudden a number of men burst into
the room, clothed in black, with drawn swords and flaming torches,
and after they had for some time terrified the guests, they permitted
them to retire. Such were the amusements and cruelties of a man who,
in the first part of his reign, was looked upon as the father of his
people, and the restorer of learning and liberty. _Suetonius_, _The
Twelve Caesars_.――_Eutropius_, bk. 7.

=Domĭtilla Flavia=, a woman who married Vespasian, by whom she had
Titus a year after her marriage, and, 11 years after, Domitian.――――A
niece of the emperor Domitian, by whom she was banished.

=Domĭtius Domitiănus=, a general of Diocletian in Egypt. He assumed
the imperial purple at Alexandria, A.D. 288, and supported the
dignity of emperor for about two years. He died a violent death.
――――Lucius. _See:_ Ænobarbus.――――Cnæus Ænobarbus, a Roman consul,
who conquered Bituitus the Gaul, and left 20,000 of the enemy on
the field of battle, and took 3000 prisoners.――――A grammarian in
the reign of Adrian. He was remarkable for his virtues, and his
melancholy disposition.――――A Roman who revolted from Antony to
Augustus. He was at the battle of Pharsalia, and forced Pompey to
fight by the mere force of his ridicule.――――The father of Nero,
famous for his cruelties and debaucheries. _Suetonius_, _Nero_.――――A
tribune of the people, who conquered the Allobroges. _Plutarch._
――――A consul during whose consulate peace was concluded with
Alexander king of Epirus. _Livy_, bk. 8, ch. 17.――――A consul under
Caligula. He wrote some few things now lost.――――A Latin poet, called
also Marsus, in the age of Horace. He wrote epigrams, remarkable for
little besides their indelicacy. _Ovid_, _ex Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 16,
li. 5.――――Afer, an orator, who was preceptor to Quintilian. He
disgraced his talents by his adulation, and by practising the arts
of an informer under Tiberius and his successors. He was made a
consul by Nero, and died A.D. 59.

=Ælius Donātus=, a grammarian, who flourished A.D. 353.――――A bishop
of Numidia, a promoter of the Donatists, A.D. 311.――――A bishop of
Africa, banished from Carthage, A.D. 356.

=Donilāus=, a prince of Gallogræcia, who assisted Pompey with 300
horsemen against Julius Cæsar.

=Donūca=, a mountain of Thrace. _Livy_, bk. 40, ch. 57.

=Dŏnȳsa=, one of the Cyclades in the Ægean, where green marble is
found. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 125.

=Doracte=, an island in the Persian gulf.

=Dōres=, the inhabitants of Doris. _See:_ Doris.

=Dori= and =Dorica=, a part of Achaia near Athens.

=Dorĭcus=, an epithet applied not only to Doris, but to all the Greeks
in general. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 27.

=Dorienses=, a people of Crete,――――of Cyrene.

=Dorieus=, a son of Anaxandridas, who went with a colony into
Sicily, because he could not bear to be under his brother at home.
_Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 42, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, chs. 3 & 16,
&c.――――A son of Diagoras of Rhodes. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 7.

=Dorilas=, a rich Libyan prince, killed in the court of Cepheus.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, fable 4.

=Dorilaus=, a general of the great Mithridates.

=Dorion=, a town of Thessaly, where Thamyras the musician challenged
the muses to a trial of skill. _Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 4, li. 182.
――_Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 22, li. 19.――_Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 352.

=Dōris=, a country of Greece between Phocis, Thessaly, and Acarnania.
It received its name from Dorus the son of Deucalion, who made a
settlement there. It was called _Tetrapolis_, from the four cities
of Pindus or Dryopis, Erineum, Cytinium, Borium, which it contained.
To these four some add Lilæum and Carphia, and therefore call it
Hexapolis. The name of Doris has been common to many parts of Greece.
The Dorians, in the age of Deucalion, inhabited Phthiotis, which
they exchanged for Histiæotis, in the age of Dorus. From thence
they were driven by the Cadmæans, and came to settle near the town
of Pindus. From thence they passed into Dryopis, and afterwards
into Peloponnesus. Hercules having re-established Ægimius king of
Phthiotis or Doris, who had been driven from his country by the
Lapithæ, the grateful king appointed Hyllus the son of his patron
to be his successor, and the Heraclidæ marched from that part of
the country to go to recover Peloponnesus. The Dorians sent many
colonies into different places, which bore the same name as their
native country. The most famous of these is _Doris in Asia Minor_,
of which Halicarnassus was once the capital. This part of Asia Minor
was called Hexapolis, and afterwards Pentapolis, after the exclusion
of Halicarnassus. _Strabo_, bk. 9, &c.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2,
li. 27.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 29.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2.――_Herodotus_,
bk. 1, ch. 144; bk. 8, ch. 31.――――A goddess of the sea, daughter
of Oceanus and Tethys. She married her brother Nereus, by whom she
had 50 daughters called Nereides. Her name is often used to express
the sea itself. _Propertius_, bk. 1, poem 17, li. 25.――_Virgil_,
_Eclogues_, poem 10.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 240.――――A woman of
Locri, daughter of Xenetus, whom Dionysius the elder, of Sicily,
married the same day with Aristomache. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ
Disputationes_, bk. 5.――――One of the 50 Nereides. _Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 250.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 18, li. 45.

=Doriscus=, a place of Thrace near the sea, where Xerxes numbered his
forces. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 59.

=Dorium=, a town of Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 33.――――One
of the Danaides. _Apollodorus._

=Dorius=, a mountain of Asia Minor. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 3.

=Dorsennus=, a comic poet of great merit in the Augustan age. _Pliny_,
bk. 14, ch. 13.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ltr. 10, li. 173.

=Dorso Caius Fabius=, a Roman who, when Rome was in the possession of
the Gauls, issued from the Capitol, which was then besieged, to go
and offer a sacrifice, which was to be offered on mount Quirinalis.
He dressed himself in sacerdotal robes, and carrying on his
shoulders the statues of his country gods, passed through the guards
of the enemy, without betraying the least signs of fear. When he had
finished his sacrifice, he returned to the Capitol unmolested by the
enemy, who were astonished at his boldness, and did not obstruct his
passage or molest his sacrifice. _Livy_, bk. 5, ch. 46.

=Dōrus=, a son of Hellen and Orseis, or, according to others, of
Deucalion, who left Phthiotis, where his father reigned, and went to
make a settlement with some of his companions near mount Ossa. The
country was called Doris, and the inhabitants Dorians. _Herodotus_,
bk. 1, ch. 56, &c.――――A city of Phœnicia, whose inhabitants are
called Dorienses. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 24.

=Doryasus=, a Spartan, father to Agesilaus.

=Dŏrȳclus=, an illegitimate son of Priam, killed by Ajax in the Trojan
war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11.――――A brother of Phineus king of
Thrace, who married Beroe. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 620.

=Dŏrȳlæum= and =Dorylæus=, a city of Phrygia, now _Eski Shehr_.
_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 29.――_Cicero_, _Flaccus_, ch. 17.

=Dory̆las=, one of the centaurs killed by Theseus. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, li. 180.

=Dory̆lāus=, a warlike person intimate with Mithridates Evergetes, and
general of the Gnossians, B.C. 125. _Strabo_, bk. 10.

=Doryssus=, a king of Lacedæmon, killed in a tumult. _Pausanias_,
bk. 3, ch. 2.

=Dosci=, a people near the Euxine.

=Dosiadas=, a poet who wrote a piece of poetry in the form of an altar
(βωμος), which Theocritus has imitated.

=Dosiades=, a Greek, who wrote a history of Crete. _Diodorus_, bk. 5.

=Doson=, a surname of Antigonus, because he promised and never
performed.

=Dossēnus=, or =Dorsennus=. _See:_ Dorsennus.

=Dotădas=, a king of Messenia, &c. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 3.

=Doto=, one of the Nereides. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 102.

=Dotus=, a general of the Paphlagonians, in the army of Xerxes.
_Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 72.

=Doxander=, a man mentioned by _Aristotle_, _Politics_, bk. 5.

=Dracānus=, a mountain where Jupiter took Bacchus from his thigh.
_Theocritus._

=Draco=, a celebrated lawgiver of Athens. When he exercised the office
of archon, he made a code of laws, B.C. 623, for the use of the
citizens, which, on account of their severity, were said to be
written in letters of blood. By them, idleness was punished with
as much severity as murder, and death was denounced against the one
as well as the other. Such a code of rigorous laws gave occasion
to a certain Athenian to ask of the legislator why he was so severe
in his punishments, and Draco gave for answer, that as the smallest
transgression had appeared to him deserving death, he could not find
any punishment more rigorous for more atrocious crimes. These laws
were at first enforced, but they were often neglected on account
of their extreme severity, and Solon totally abolished them, except
that one which punished a murderer with death. The popularity of
Draco was uncommon, but the gratitude of his admirers proved fatal
to him. When once he appeared on the theatre, he was received with
repeated applauses, and the people, according to the custom of
the Athenians, showed their respect to their lawgiver, by throwing
garments upon him. This was done in such profusion, that Draco was
soon hid under them, and smothered by the too great veneration of
his citizens. _Plutarch_, _Solon_.――――A man who instructed Plato in
music. _Plutarch_, _de Musica_.

=Dracontides=, a wicked citizen of Athens. ♦_Plato [Comicus]_,
_The Sophists_.

♦ ‘Plut.’ replaced with ‘Plato’

=Dracus=, a general of the Achæans, conquered by Mummius.

=Drances=, a friend of Latinus, remarkable for his weakness and
eloquence. He showed himself an obstinate opponent to the violent
measures which Turnus pursued against the Trojans. Some have
imagined that the poet wished to delineate the character and the
eloquence of Cicero under this name. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11,
li. 122.

=Drangina=, a province of Persia. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.

=Drapes=, a seditious Gaul, &c. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 8, ch. 30.

=Drapus=, a river of Noricum, which falls into the Danube near Mursa.

=Drĕpăna= and =Drĕpănum=, now _Trapani_, a town of ♦Sicily near mount
Eryx, in the form of a scythe, whence its name (δρεπανον, _falx_).
Anchises died there, in his voyage to Italy with his son Æneas. The
Romans under Claudius Pulcher were defeated near the coast, B.C. 249,
by the Carthaginian general Adherbal. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li.
707.――_Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 2, ch. 57.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_,
bk. 4, li. 474.――――A promontory of Peloponnesus.

♦ ‘Scily’ replaced with ‘Sicily’

=Drilo=, a river of Macedonia, which falls into the Adriatic at Lissus.

=Drimăchus=, a famous robber of Chios. When a price was set upon his
head, he ordered a young man to cut it off and go and receive the
money. Such an uncommon instance of generosity so pleased the Chians,
that they raised a temple to his memory, and honoured him as a god.
_Athenæus_, bk. 13.

=Drinus=, a small river falling into the Save and Danube.

=Driŏpĭdes=, an Athenian ambassador sent to Darius when the peace with
Alexander had been violated. _Curtius_, bk. 3, ch. 13.

=Drios=, a mountain of Arcadia.

=Droi=, a people of Thrace. _Thucydides_, bk. 2, ch. 101.

=Dromæus=, a surname of Apollo in Crete.

=Dropĭci=, a people of Persia. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 125.

=Dropion=, a king of Pæonia. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 13.

=Druentius= and =Druentia=, now _Durance_, a rapid river of Gaul,
which falls into the Rhone between Arles and Avignon. _Silius
Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 468.――_Strabo_, bk. 4.

=Drugĕri=, a people of Thrace. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.

=Druĭdæ=, the ministers of religion among the ancient Gauls and
Britons. They were divided into different classes, called the Bardi,
Eubages, the Vates, the Semnothei, the Sarronides, and the Samothei.
They were held in the greatest veneration by the people. Their life
was austere and recluse from the world, their dress was peculiar to
themselves, and they generally appeared with a tunic which reached a
little below the knee. As the chief power was lodged in their hands,
they punished as they pleased, and could declare war and make peace
at their option. Their power was extended not only over private
families, but they could depose magistrates and even kings, if their
actions in any manner deviated from the laws of the state. They had
the privilege of naming the magistrates which annually presided over
their cities, and the kings were created only with their approbation.
They were entrusted with the education of youth, and all religious
ceremonies, festivals, and sacrifices were under their peculiar
care. They taught the doctrine of the metempsychosis, and believed
the immortality of the soul. They were professionally acquainted
with the art of magic, and from their knowledge of astrology they
drew omens and saw futurity revealed before their eyes. In their
sacrifices they often immolated human victims to their gods, a
barbarous custom which continued long among them, and which the
Roman emperors attempted to abolish, to little purpose. The power
and privileges which they enjoyed were beheld with admiration by
their countrymen, and as their office was open to every rank and
every station, there were many who daily proposed themselves as
candidates to enter upon this important function. The rigour,
however, and severity of a long noviciate deterred many, and few
were willing to attempt a labour, which enjoined them during 15 or
20 years to load their memory with the long and tedious maxims of
druidical religion. Their name is derived from the Greek word δρυς,
_an oak_, because the woods and solitary retreats were the places
of their residence. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 6, ch. 13.――_Pliny_,
bk. 16, ch. 44.――_Diodorus_, bk. 5.

=Druna=, the _Drome_, a river of Gaul, falling into the Rhone.

=Drusilla Livia=, a daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina, famous for
her debaucheries and licentiousness. She committed incest with her
brother Caligula, who was so tenderly attached to her, that, in a
dangerous illness, he made her heiress of all his possessions, and
commanded that she should succeed him in the Roman empire. She died
A.D. 38, in the 23rd year of her age, and was deified by her brother
Caligula, who survived her for some time.――――A daughter of Agrippa
king of Judæa, &c.

=Drūso=, an unskilful historian and mean usurer, who obliged
his debtors, when they could not pay him, to hear him read his
compositions, to draw from them praises and flattery. _Horace_,
bk. 1, satire 3, li. 86.

=Drūsus=, a son of Tiberius and Vipsania, who made himself famous
by his intrepidity and courage in the provinces of Illyricum and
Pannonia. He was raised to the greatest honours of the state by his
father, but a blow which he gave to Sejanus, an audacious libertine,
proved his ruin. Sejanus corrupted Livia the wife of Drusus, and in
conjunction with her, he caused him to be poisoned by a eunuch, A.D.
23.――――A son of Germanicus and Agrippina, who enjoyed offices of the
greatest trust under Tiberius. His enemy Sejanus, however, effected
his ruin by his insinuations; Drusus was confined by Tiberius,
and deprived of all aliment. He was found dead nine days after
his confinement, A.D. 33.――――A son of the emperor Claudius, who
died by swallowing a pear thrown in the air.――――An ambitious Roman,
grandfather to Cato. He was killed for his seditious conduct.
_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 13.――――Livius, father of Julia Augusta,
was intimate with Brutus, and killed himself with him after the
battle of Philippi. _Paterculus_, bk. 2, ch. 71.――――Marcus Livius,
a celebrated Roman, who renewed the proposals of the Agrarian laws,
which had proved fatal to the Gracchi. He was murdered as he entered
his house, though he was attended with a number of clients and
Latins, to whom he had proposed the privilege of Roman citizens, B.C.
190. _Cicero_, _Rhetorica ad Herennium_, bk. 4, ♦ch. 22.――――Nero
Claudius, a son of Tiberius Nero and Livia, adopted by Augustus. He
was brother to Tiberius, who was afterwards made emperor. He greatly
signalized himself in his wars in Germany and Gaul against the Rhœti
and Vindelici, and was honoured with a triumph. He died of a fall
from his horse in the 30th year of his age, B.C. 9. He left three
children, Germanicus, Livia, and Claudius, by his wife Antonia.
_Dionysius of Halicarnassus._――――Marcus Livius Salinator, a consul
who conquered Asdrubal with his colleague Claudius Nero. _Horace_,
bk. 4, ode 4.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 824.――――Caius, an
historian, who being one day missed from his cradle, was found the
next on the highest part of the house, with his face turned towards
the sun.――――Marcus, a pretor, &c. _Cicero_, _Rhetorica ad Herennium_,
bk. 2, ch. 13.――――The plebeian family of the Drusi produced eight
consuls, two censors, and one dictator. The surname of Drusus was
given to the family of the Livii, as some suppose, because one of
them killed a Gaulish leader of that name. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6,
li. 824, mentions the Drusi among the illustrious Romans, and that
perhaps more particularly because the wife of Augustus was of that
family.

♦ ‘12’ replaced with ‘22’

=Dryădes=, nymphs that presided over the woods. Oblations of milk,
oil, and honey were offered to them, and sometimes the votaries
sacrificed a goat. They were not generally considered immortal, but
as genii, whose lives were terminated with the tree over which they
were supposed to preside. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 11.

=Dryantiădes=, a patronymic of Lycurgus king of Thrace, son of Dryas.
He cut his legs as he attempted to destroy the vines that no
libations might be made to Bacchus. _Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 345.

=Dryas=, a son of Hippolochus, who was father to Lycurgus. He went
with Eteocles to the Theban war, where he perished. _Statius_,
_Thebiad_, bk. 8, li. 355.――――A son of Mars, who went to the chase
of the Calydonian boar. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 8.――――A centaur at
the nuptials of Pirithous, who killed Rhœtus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 12, li. 296.――――A daughter of Faunus, who so hated the sight of
men, that she never appeared in public.――――A son of Lycurgus, killed
by his own father in a fury. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――――A son
of Ægyptus, murdered by his wife Eurydice. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2,
ch. 1.

=Drymæa=, a town of Phocis. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 33.

=Drymo=, a sea-nymph, one of the attendants of Cyrene. _Virgil_,
_Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 536.

=Drymus=, a town between Attica and Bœotia.

=Dryŏpe=, a woman of Lemnos, whose shape Venus assumed, to persuade
all the females of the island to murder the men. _Flaccus_, bk. 2,
li. 174.――――A virgin of Œchalia, whom Andræmon married after she had
been ravished by Apollo. She became mother of Amphisus, who, when
scarce a year old, was with his mother changed into a lotus. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 10, li. 331.――――A nymph, mother of Tarquitus by
Faunus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 551.――――A nymph of Arcadia,
mother of Pan by Mercury, according to _Homer_, _Hymn 19 to Pan_.

=Dryŏpeia=, an anniversary day observed at Asine in Argolis, in honour
of Dryops the son of Apollo.

♦=Dryŏpes=, a people of Greece, near mount Œta. They afterwards passed
into the Peloponnesus, where they inhabited the towns of Asine and
Hermione, in Argolis. When they were driven from Asine by the people
of Argos, they settled among the Messenians, and called a town
by the name of their ancient habitation _Asine_. Some of their
descendants went to make a settlement in Asia Minor, together with
the Ionians. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 146; bk. 8, ch. 32.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 34.――_Strabo_, bks. 7, 8, 13.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 1.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 146.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 179.

♦ ‘Drpŏpes’ replaced with ‘Dryŏpes’

=Dryŏpis= and =Dryŏpĭda=, a small country at the foot of mount Œta in
Thessaly. Its true situation is not well ascertained. According to
Pliny, it bordered on Epirus. It was for some time in the possession
of the Hellenes, after they were driven from Histiæotis by the
Cadmeans. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 56.

=Dryops=, a son of Priam.――――A son of Apollo. _Pausanias_, bk. 4,
ch. 34.――――A friend of Æneas, killed by Clausus in Italy. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 346.

=Drypĕtis=, the younger daughter of Darius, given in marriage to
Hephæstion by Alexander. _Diodorus_, bk. 18.

=Dubis=, or =Alduadubis=, the _Daux_, a river of Gaul, falling into
the Saone.

=Dubris=, a town of Britain, supposed to be _Dover_.

=Ducetius=, a Sicilian general, who died B.C. 440.

=Duillia lex=, was enacted by Marcus Duillius, a tribune, A.U.C. 304.
It made it a capital crime to leave the Roman people without its
tribunes, or to create any new magistrate without a sufficient cause.
_Livy_, bk. 3, ch. 55.――――Another, A.U.C. 392, to regulate what
interest ought to be paid for money lent.

=C. Duillius Nepos=, a Roman consul, the first who obtained a victory
over the naval power of Carthage, B.C. 260. He took 50 of the
enemy’s ships, and was honoured with a naval triumph, the first that
ever appeared at Rome. The senate rewarded his valour by permitting
him to have music playing and torches lighted, at the public expense,
every day while he was at supper. There were some medals struck in
commemoration of this victory, and there still exists a column at
Rome which was erected on the occasion. _Cicero_, _de Senectute_.
――_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 1, ch. 12.

=Dulĭchium=, an island of the Ionian sea, opposite the Achelous. It
was part of the kingdom of Ulysses. _Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 1, poem 4,
li. 67; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 226; _Remedia Amoris_, li. 272.
――_Martial_, bk. 11, ltr. 70, li. 8.――_Virgil_, _Eclogues_, poem 6,
li. 76.

=Dumnōrix=, a powerful chief among the Ædui. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_,
bk. 1, ch. 9.

=Dunax=, a mountain of Thrace.

=Duratius Picto=, a Gaul, who remained in perpetual friendship with
the Roman people. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 8, ch. 26.

=Duris=, an historian of Samos, who flourished B.C. 257. He wrote the
life of Agathocles of Syracuse, a treatise on tragedy, a history of
Macedonia, &c. _Strabo_, bk. 1.

=Durius=, a large river of ancient Spain, now called the _Douro_,
which falls into the ocean, near modern Oporto in Portugal, after a
course of nearly 300 miles. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 1, li. 234.

=Durocasses=, the chief residence of the Druids in Gaul, now _Dreux_.
_Cæsar_. _Gallic War_, bk. 6, ch. 13.

=Duronia=, a town of the Samnites.

=Dusii=, some deities among the Gauls. _Augustine_, _The City of God_,
bk. 15, ch. 23.

=Duumvĭri=, two noble patricians at Rome, first appointed by Tarquin
to keep the Sibylline books, which were supposed to contain the fate
of the Roman empire. These sacred books were placed in the Capitol,
and secured in a chest under the ground. They were consulted but
seldom, and only by an order of the senate, when the armies had been
defeated in war, or when Rome seemed to be threatened by an invasion,
or by secret seditions. These priests continued in their original
institution, till the year A.U.C. 388, when a law was proposed by
the tribunes to increase the number to 10, to be chosen promiscuously
from patrician and plebeian families. They were from their number
called Decemviri, and some time after Sylla increased them to 15,
known by the name of Quindecemviri.――――There were also certain
magistrates at Rome, called _Duumviri perduelliones sive capitales_.
They were first created by Tullus Hostilius, for trying such as were
accused of treason. This office was abolished as unnecessary, but
Cicero complains of their revival by Labienus the tribune. _For
Rabirius on a Charge of Treason_.――――Some of the commanders of the
Roman vessels were also called Duumviri, especially when there were
two together. They were first created A.U.C. 542.――――There were
also in the municipal towns in the provinces two magistrates called
_Duumviri municipales_. They were chosen from the centurions, and
their office was much the same as that of the two consuls at Rome.
They were sometimes preceded by two lictors with the fasces. Their
magistracy continued for five years, on which account they have been
called _Quinquennales magistratus_.

=Dyagondas=, a Theban legislator, who abolished all nocturnal
sacrifices. _Cicero_, _de Legibus_, bk. 2, ch. 15.

=Dyardenses=, a river in the extremities of India. _Curtius_, bk. 8,
ch. 9.

=Dy̆mæ=, a town of Achaia. _Livy_, bk. 27, ch. 31; bk. 32, ch. 22.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 17.

=Dy̆mæi=, a people of Ætolia. _Diodorus_, bk. 19.

=Dy̆mas=, a Trojan, who joined himself to Æneas when Troy was taken,
and was at last killed by his countrymen, who took him to be an
enemy because he had dressed himself in the armour of one of the
Greeks whom he had slain. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, lis. 340 & 428.
――――The father of Hecuba. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 11, li. 761.

=Dymnus=, one of Alexander’s officers. He conspired with many of
his fellow-soldiers against his master’s life. The conspiracy was
discovered, and Dymnus stabbed himself before he was brought before
the king. _Curtius_, bk. 6, ch. 7.

=Dȳnămĕne=, one of the Nereides. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 18, li. 43.

=Dynaste=, a daughter of Thespius. _Apollodorus._

=Dyras=, a river of Trachinia. It rises at the foot of mount Œta, and
falls into the bay of Malia. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 198.

=Dyraspes=, a river of Scythia. _Ovid_, _ex Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 10,
li. 54.

=Dyris=, the name of mount Atlas among the inhabitants of that
neighbourhood.

=Dyrrhăchium=, now _Durazzo_, a large city of Macedonia, bordering
on the Adriatic sea, founded by a colony from Corcyra, B.C. 623.
It was anciently called _Epidammus_, which the Romans, considering
it of ominous meaning, changed ♦into _Dyrrhachium_. Cicero met
with a ♥favourable reception there during his exile. _Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 3.――_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 10.――_Plutarch._――_Cicero_, bk. 3,
_Letters to Atticus_, ltr. 22.

♦ ‘intlo’ replaced with ‘into’
♥ ‘favourabe’ replaced with ‘favourable’

=Dysaules=, a brother of Celeus, who instituted the mysteries of Ceres
at Celeæ. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 14.

=Dyscinētus=, an Athenian archon. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 27.

=Dysōrum=, a mountain of Thrace. _Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 22.

=Dyspontii=, a people of Elis. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 22.

E

=Eanes=, a man supposed to have killed Patroclus, and to have fled to
Peleus in Thessaly. _Strabo_, bk. 9.

=Eānus=, the name of Janus among the ancient Latins.

=Eărĭnus=, a beautiful boy, eunuch to Domitian. _Statius_, bk. 3,
_Sylvæ_, poem 4.

=Easium=, a town of Achaia in Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 6.

=Ebdŏme=, a festival in honour of Apollo at Athens on the seventh day
of every lunar month. It was usual to sing hymns in honour of the
god, and to carry about boughs of laurel.――――There was also another
of the same name celebrated by private families the seventh day
after the birth of every child.

=Ebon=, a name given to Bacchus by the people of Neapolis. _Macrobius_,
bk. 1, ch. 18.

=Ebora=, a town of Portugal, now _Evora_.

=Eborăcum=, York in England.

=Ebūdæ=, the western isles of Britain, now _Hebrides_.

=Eburōnes=, a people of Belgium, now the country of _Liege_. _Cæsar_,
_Gallic War_, bk. 2, ch. 4; bk. 6, ch. 5.――――The Eburovices Aulerci
were the people of Evreux in Normandy. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 3,
ch. 17.

=Ebŭsus=, one of the Baleares, 100 miles in circumference, which
produces no hurtful animals. It is near the coast of Spain in the
Mediterranean, and now bears the name of _Yvica_, and is famous for
pasturage and figs. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――――A man engaged in the
Rutulian war. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 299.

=Ecbatăna= (ōrum), now _Hamedan_, the capital of Media, and the palace
of Deioces king of Media. It was surrounded with seven walls, which
rose in gradual ascent, and were painted in seven different colours.
The most distant was the lowest, and the innermost, which was the
most celebrated, contained the royal palace. Parmenio was put to
death there by Alexander’s orders; and Hephæstion died there also,
and received a most magnificent burial.――_Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 98.
――_Strabo_, bk. 21.――_Curtius_, bk. 3, ch. 5; bk. 5, ch. 8; bk. 7,
ch. 10.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17.――――A town of Syria, where Cambyses
gave himself a mortal wound when mounting on horseback. _Herodotus_,
bk. 3.――_Ptolemy_, bk. 6, ch. 2.――_Curtius_, bk. 5, ch. 8.

=Ecechiria=, the wife of Iphitus. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 10.

=Ecetra=, a town of the Volsci. _Livy_, bk. 2, ch. 25; bk. 3, ch. 4.

=Echecrătes=, a Thessalian who offered violence to Phœbas the
priestess of Apollo’s temple at Delphi. From this circumstance a
decree was made by which no woman was admitted to the office of
priestess before the age of 50. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.

=Echedamia=, a town of Phocis. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 3.

=Echelătus=, a man who led a colony to Africa. _Strabo_, bk. 8.

=Echelta=, a fortified town in Sicily.

=Echĕlus=, a Trojan chief killed by Patroclus.――――Another, son of Agenor, killed by Achilles. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 16 & 20.

=Echembrŏtus=, an Arcadian, who obtained the prize at the Pythian
games. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 7.

=Echĕmon=, a son of Priam, killed by Diomedes. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 5,
li. 160.

=Echĕmus=, an Arcadian, who conquered the Dorians when they endeavoured
to recover Peloponnesus under Hyllus. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 5.
――――A king of Arcadia, who joined Aristomenes against the Spartans.

=Echenēus=, a Phæacian. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 7.

=Echĕphron=, one of Nestor’s sons. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――――A
son of Priam. _Apollodorus_.――――A son of Hercules. _Pausanias_,
bk. 8, ch. 24.

=Echepŏlis=, a Trojan, son of Thasius, killed by Antilochus. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 4, li. 458.

=Echestrătus=, a son of Agis I. king of Sparta, who succeeded his
father, B.C. 1058. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 204.

=Echevethenses=, a people of Tegea in Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8,
ch. 45.

=Echidna=, a celebrated monster sprung from the union of Chrysaor with
Callirhoe the daughter of Oceanus. She is represented as a beautiful
woman in the upper part of the body, but as a serpent below the
waist. She was mother, by Typhon, of Orthos, Geryon, Cerberus, the
Hydra, &c. According to Herodotus, Hercules had three children by
her, Agathyrsus, Gelonus, and Scytha. _Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 108.
――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8,
ch. 18.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, li. 158.

=Echidorus=, a river of Thrace. _Ptolemy_, bk. 3.

=Echīnădes=, or =Echinæ=, five small islands near Acarnania, at
the mouth of the river Achelous. They have been formed by the
inundations of that river, and by the sand and mud which its waters
carry down, and now bear the name of _Curzolari_. _Pliny_, bk. 2,
ch. 85.――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 10.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8,
li. 588.――_Strabo_, bk. 2.

=Echīnon=, a city of Thrace. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Echīnus=, an island in the Ægean.――――A town of Acarnania,――――of
Phthiotis. _Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 33.

=Echinussa=, an island near Eubœa, called afterwards _Cimolus_.
_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.

=Echīon=, one of those men who sprung from the dragon’s teeth sown by
Cadmus. He was one of the five who survived the fate of his brothers,
and assisted Cadmus in building the city of Thebes. Cadmus rewarded
his services by giving him his daughter Agave in marriage. He was
father of Pentheus by Agave. He succeeded his father-in-law on the
throne of Thebes, as some have imagined, and from that circumstance
Thebes has been called Echioniæ, and the inhabitants _Echionidæ_.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3, li. 311; _Tristia_, bk. 5, poem 5,
li. 53.――――A son of Mercury and Antianira, who was the herald of the
Argonauts. _Flaccus_, bk. 1, li. 400.――――A man who often obtained
a prize in running. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 292.――――A
musician at Rome, in Domitian’s age. _Juvenal_, satire 6, li. 76.
――――A statuary.――――A painter.

=Echionides=, a patronymic given to Pentheus, as ♦descended from
Echion. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3.

♦‘deseended’ replaced with ‘descended’

=Echionius=, an epithet applied to a person born in Thebes, founded
with the assistance of Echion. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 515.

=Echo=, a daughter of the Air and Tellus, who chiefly resided in the
vicinity of the Cephisus. She was once one of Juno’s attendants, and
became the confidant of Jupiter’s amours. Her loquacity, however,
displeased Jupiter; and she was deprived of the power of speech
by Juno, and only permitted to answer to the questions which were
put to her. Pan had formerly been one of her admirers, but he never
enjoyed her favours. Echo, after she had been punished by Juno,
fell in love with Narcissus, and on being despised by him, she pined
away, and was changed into a stone, which still retained the power
of voice. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3, li. 358.

=Ecnŏmos=, a mountain of Sicily, now _Licata_.

=Edessa= and =Edesa=, a town of Syria.

=Edessæ portus=, a harbour of Sicily near Pachynus. _Cicero_, _Against
Verres_, bk. 5, ch. 34.

=Edeta=, or =Leria=, a town of Spain along the river Sucro. _Pliny_,
bk. 3, ch. 3.――_Livy_, bk. 28, ch. 24.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 3,
li. 371.

=Edissa= and =Ædessa=, a town of Macedonia taken by Caranus, and
called Ægæ, or Ægeas. _See:_ Ædessa.

=Edon=, a mountain of Thrace, called also Edonus. From this mountain
that part of Thrace is often called _Edonia_ which lies between the
Strymon and the Nessus, and the epithet is generally applied not
only to Thrace but to a cold northern climate. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 12, li. 325.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 18.――_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 674.

=Edoni=, or =Edones=, a people of Thrace, near the Strymon.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.

=Edonĭdes=, a name given to the priestesses of Bacchus, because
they celebrated the festivals of the god on mount Edon. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 11, li. 69.

=Edylius=, a mountain which Sylla seized to attack the people of
Cheronæa. _Plutarch_, _Sulla_.

=Eetion=, the father of Andromache, and of seven sons, was king of
Thebes in Cilicia. He was killed by Achilles. From him the word
_Eetioneus_ is applied to his relations or descendants. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 12.――――The commander of the Athenian fleet conquered by
the Macedonians under Clytus, near the Echinades. _Diodorus_, bk. 18.

=Egĕlĭdus=, a river of Etruria. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 610.

=Egĕria=, a nymph of Aricra in Italy, where Diana was particularly
worshipped. Egeria was courted by Numa, and according to Ovid she
became his wife. This prince frequently visited her, and that he
might more successfully introduce his laws and new regulations into
the state, he solemnly declared before the Roman people that they
were previously sanctified and approved by the nymph Egeria. Ovid
says that Egeria was so disconsolate at the death of Numa, that she
melted into tears, and was changed into a fountain by Diana. She is
reckoned by many as a goddess who presided over the pregnancy of
women, and some maintain that she is the same as Lucina, or Diana.
_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 19.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 547.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 775.――_Martial_, bk. 2, ltr. 6,
li. 16.

=Egesarētus=, a Thessalian of Larissa, who favoured the interest of
Pompey during the civil wars. _Cæsar_, bk. 3, _Civil War_, ch. 35.

=Egesīnus=, a philosopher, pupil to Evander. _Cicero_, _Academica_,
bk. 4, ch. 6.

=Egesta=, a daughter of Hippotes the Trojan. Her father exposed her on
the sea, for fear of being devoured by a marine monster which laid
waste the country. She was carried safe to Sicily, where she was
ravished by the river Crinisus.――――A town of Sicily. _See:_ Ægesta.

=Egnātia Maximilla=, a woman who accompanied her husband into
banishment under Nero, &c. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 15, ch. 71.――――A
town. _See:_ Gnatia.

=Proculus Egnātius=, a crafty and perfidious Roman in the reign of
Nero, who committed the greatest crimes for the sake of money.
_Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 4, ch. 10.

=Eion=, a commercial place at the mouth of the Strymon. _Pausanias_,
bk. 8, ch. 8.

=Eiones=, a village of Peloponnesus on the sea coast.

=Eioneus=, a Greek killed by Hector in the Trojan war. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 8.――――A Thracian, father to Rhesus. _Iliad_, bk. 10.

=Elabontas=, a river near Antioch. _Strabo._

=Elæa=, a town of Æolia. _Livy_, bk. 36, ch. 43. _Pausanias_, bk. 9,
ch. 5.――――An island in the Propontis.

=Elæus=, a part of Epirus.――――A surname of Jupiter.――――A town of the
Thracian Chersonesus. _Livy_, bk. 31, ch. 16; bk. 37, ch. 9.

=Elagabālus=, the surname of the sun at Emessa.

=Elāites=, a grove near Canopus in Egypt.

=Elaius=, a mountain of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 41.

=Elaphiæa=, a surname of Diana in Elis. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 22.

=Elăphus=, a river of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 36.

=Elaphebŏlia=, a festival in honour of Diana the huntress. In the
celebration a cake was made in the form of a deer, ἐλαφος, and
offered to the goddess. It owed its institution to the following
circumstance. When the Phocians had been severely beaten by
the Thessalians, they resolved, by the persuasion of a certain
Deiphantus, to raise a pile of combustible materials, and burn
their wives, children, and effects, rather than submit to the enemy.
This resolution was unanimously approved by the women, who decreed
Deiphantus a crown for his magnanimity. When everything was prepared,
before they fired the pile, they engaged their enemies, and fought
with such desperate fury, that they totally routed them, and
obtained a complete victory. In commemoration of this unexpected
success, this festival was instituted to Diana, and observed with
the greatest solemnity, so that even one of the months of the year,
March, was called Elaphebolion from this circumstance.

=Elaptonius=, a youth who conspired against Alexander. _Curtius_,
bk. 8, ch. 6.

=Elāra=, the mother of Tiphyus by Jupiter. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1,
ch. 4.――――A daughter of Orchomenus king of Arcadia. _Strabo_, bk. 9.

=Elatēa=, the largest town of Phocis, near the Cephisus. _Pausanias_,
bk. 10, ch. 34.

=Elatia=, a town of Phocis. _Livy_, bk. 28, ch. 7.――――Of Thessaly.
_Livy_, bk. 42, ch. 54.

=Elātus=, one of the first Ephori of Sparta, B.C. 760. _Plutarch_,
_Lycurgus_.――――The father of Ceneus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 12,
li. 497.――――A mountain of Asia,――――of Zacynthus.――――The father of
Polyphemus the Argonaut by Hipseia. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 9.
――――The son of Arcas king of Arcadia by Erato, who retired to Phocis.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 9.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 4.――――A king
in the army of Priam, killed by Agamemnon. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 6.
――――One of Penelope’s suitors, killed by Eumeus. _Homer_, _Odyssey_,
bk. 22, li. 267.

=Elaver=, a river in Gaul falling into the Loire, now the _Allier_.

=Elea=, a town of Campania, whence the followers of Zeno were called
the _Eleatic_ sect. _Cicero_, _Academica_, bk. 4, ch. 42; _Tusculanæ
Disputationes_, bk. 2, chs. 21 & 22; _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3,
ch. 33.――――Of Æolia.

=Electra=, one of the Oceanides, wife of Atlas, and mother of Dardanus
by Jupiter. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 31.――――A daughter of Atlas
and Pleione. She was changed into a constellation, _Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, chs. 10 & 12.――――One of the Danaides. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2,
ch. 1.――――A daughter of Agamemnon king of Argos. She first incited
her brother Orestes to revenge his father’s death by assassinating
his mother Clytemnestra. Orestes gave her in marriage to his friend
Pylades, and she became mother of two sons, Strophius and Merdon.
Her adventures and misfortunes form one of the interesting tragedies
of the poet Sophocles. _Hyginus_, fable 122.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2,
ch. 16.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 4, ch. 26, &c.――――A sister
of Cadmus. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 8.――――A city and river of Messenia
in Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 33.――――One of Helen’s female
attendants. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 25.

=Electræ=, a gate of Thebes. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 8.

=Electrĭdes=, islands in the Adriatic sea, which received their name
from the quantity of amber (_electrum_) which they produced. They
were at the mouth of the Po, according to Apollonius of Rhodes,
but some historians doubt their existence. _Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 26;
bk. 37, ch. 2.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Electryon=, a king of Argos, son of Perseus and Andromeda. He was
brother to Alcæus, whose daughter Anaxo he married, and by her
he had several sons, and one daughter, Alcmene. He sent his sons
against the Teleboans, who had ravaged his country, and they were
all killed except Licymnius. Upon this Electryon promised his crown
and daughter in marriage to him who could undertake to punish the
Teleboans for the death of his sons. Amphitryon offered himself
and succeeded. Electryon inadvertently perished by the hand of his
son-in-law. _See:_ Amphitryon, Alcmena. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 4.
――_Pausanias._

=Elēi=, a people of Elis in Peloponnesus. They were formerly called
_Epei_. In their country was the temple of Jupiter, where also were
celebrated the Olympic games, of which they had the superintendence.
Their horses were in great repute, hence _Elei equi_ and _Elea
palma_. _Propertius_, bk. 3, poem 9, li. 18.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5.
――_Lucan_, bk. 4, li. 293.

=Elēlēus=, a surname of Bacchus, from the word ἐλελευ, which the
Bacchanals loudly repeated during his festivals. His priestesses
were in consequence called _Eleleis_, _ides_. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 4, li. 15.

=Eleon=, a village of Bœotia.――――Another in Phocis.

=Eleontum=, a town of the Thracian Chersonesus.