Chapter M (38)

=Thymœtes=, a king of Athens, son of Oxinthas, the last of the
descendants of Theseus, who reigned at Athens. He was deposed because
he refused to accept a challenge sent by Xanthus king of Bœotia, and
was succeeded by a Messenian, B.C. 1128, who repaired the honour of
Athens by fighting the Bœotian king. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 18.――――A
Trojan prince, whose wife and son were put to death by order of Priam.
It was to revenge the king’s cruelty that he persuaded his countrymen
to bring the wooden horse within their city. He was son of Laomedon,
according to some. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 32.――_Dictys
Cretensis_, bk. 4, ch. 4.――――A son of Hicetaon, who accompanied Æneas
into Italy, and was killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10,
li. 123; bk. 12, li. 364.

=Thyni=, or =Bythyni=, a people of Bithynia, hence the word _Thyna merx_
applied to their commodities. _Horace_, bk. 3, ode 7, li. 3.――_Pliny_,
bk. 4, ch. 11.

=Thyodămas.= _See:_ ♦Theodamas.

♦ ‘Theodamus’ replaced with ‘Theodamas’

=Thyōne=, a name given to Semele after she had been presented with
immortality by her son Bacchus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.

=Thyōneus=, a surname of Bacchus from his mother Semele, who was called
_Thyone_. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 17,
li. 23.――_Ovid_, bk. 4, _Metamorphoses_, li. 13.

=Thyotes=, a priest of the Cabiri, in Samothrace. _Flaccus_, bk. 2,
li. 438.

=Thyre=, a town of the Messenians, famous for a battle fought there
between the Argives and the Lacedæmonians. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 82.
――_Statius_, _Thebaid_, bk. 4, li. 48.

=Thyrea=, an island on the coast of Peloponnesus, near Hermione.
_Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 76.

=Thyreum=, a town of Acarnania, whose inhabitants are called
_Thyrienses_. _Livy_, bk. 36, ch. 11; bk. 38, ch. 9.

=Thyreus=, a son of Lycaon king of Arcadia. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 3.
――――A son of Œneus king of Calydon. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 8.

=Thyrĭdes=, three small islands at the point of Tænarus. _Pliny_, bk. 4,
ch. 12.

=Thyrsagĕtæ=, a people of Sarmatia, who live upon hunting. _Pliny_,
bk. 4, ch. 12.

=Thyrsus=, a river of Sardinia, now _Oristagni_.

=Thysos=, a town near mount Athos.

=Thyus=, a satrap of Paphlagonia, who revolted from Artaxerxes, and was
seized by Datames. _Cornelius Nepos_, _Datames_.

=Tiasa=, a daughter of the Eurotas, who gave her name to a river in
Laconia. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 18.

=Tibarēni=, a people of Cappadocia, on the borders of the Thermodon.
――――A people of Pontus. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 20.

=Tiberias=, a town of Galilee, built by Herod, near a lake of the same
name, and called after Tiberius. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 16.――_Josephus_,
_Antiquities_, bk. 18, ch. 3.

=Tiberīnus=, son of Capetus, and king of Alba, was drowned in the river
Albula, which on that account assumed the name of _Tiberis_, of which
he became the protecting god. _Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Cicero_, _de
Natura Deorum_, bk. 2, ch. 20.――_Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_, bk. 4,
ch. 5, &c.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2, li. 389; bk. 4, li. 47.

=Tibĕris=, =Tyberis=, =Tiber=, or =Tibris=, a river of Italy on whose
banks the city of Rome was built. It was originally called _Albula_,
from the whiteness of its waters, and afterwards Tiberis, when
Tiberinus king of Alba had been drowned there. It was also named
_Tyrrhenus_, because it watered Etruria, and _Lydius_, because the
inhabitants of the neighbourhood were supposed to be of Lydian origin.
The Tiber rises in the Apennines, and falls into the Tyrrhene sea, 16
miles below Rome, after dividing Latium from Etruria. _Ovid_, _Fasti_,
bk. 4, lis. 47, 329, &c.; bk. 5, li. 641; _Ibis_, li. 514.――_Lucan_,
bk. 1, li. 381, &c.――_Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_, bk. 4, ch. 5.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 30.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 2, li. 13.
――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 3.

=Tibērius Claudius Drusus Nero=, a Roman emperor after the death
of Augustus, was descended from the family of the Claudii. In his
early years he commanded popularity by entertaining the populace
with magnificent shows and fights of gladiators, and he gained some
applause in the funeral oration which he pronounced over his father,
though only nine years old. His first appearance in the Roman armies
was under Augustus, in the war against the Cantabri; and afterwards,
in the capacity of general, he obtained victories in different parts
of the empire, and was rewarded with a triumph. Yet, in the midst
of his glory, Tiberius fell under the displeasure of Augustus, and
retired to Rhodes, where he continued for seven years as an exile,
till, by the influence of his mother Livia with the emperor, he
was recalled. His return to Rome was the more glorious; he had the
command of the Roman armies in Illyricum, Pannonia, and Dalmatia,
and seemed to divide the sovereign power with Augustus. At the death
of this celebrated emperor, Tiberius, who had been adopted, assumed
the reins of government; and while with dissimulation and affected
modesty he wished to decline the dangerous office, he found time to
try the fidelity of his friends, and to make the greatest part of
the Romans believe that he was invested with the purple, not from
his own choice, but by the recommendation of Augustus, and the urgent
entreaties of the Roman senate. The beginning of his reign seemed to
promise tranquillity to the world. Tiberius was a watchful guardian
of the public peace; he was the friend of justice, and never assumed
the sounding titles which must disgust a free nation, but he was
satisfied to say of himself that he was the master of his slaves,
the general of his soldiers, and the father of the citizens of Rome.
That seeming moderation, however, which was but the fruit of the
deepest policy, soon disappeared, and Tiberius was viewed in his real
character. His ingratitude to his mother Livia, to whose intrigues
he was indebted for the purple, his cruelty to his wife Julia, and
his tyrannical oppression and murder of many noble senators, rendered
him odious to the people, and suspected even by his most intimate
favourites. The armies mutinied in Pannonia and Germany, but the
tumults were silenced by the prudence of the generals and the
fidelity of the officers, and the factious demagogues were abandoned
to their condign punishment. This acted as a check upon Tiberius in
Rome; he knew from thence, as his successors experienced, that his
power was precarious, and his very existence in perpetual danger.
He continued as he had begun, to pay the greatest deference to the
senate; all libels against him he disregarded, and he observed that,
in a free city, the thoughts and the tongue of every man should be
free. The taxes were gradually lessened, and luxury restrained by
the salutary regulations, as well as by the prevailing example and
frugality of the emperor. While Rome exhibited a scene of peace
and public tranquillity, the barbarians were severally defeated on
the borders of the empire, and Tiberius gained new honours, by the
activity and valour of Germanicus and his other faithful lieutenants.
Yet the triumphs of Germanicus were beheld with jealousy. Tiberius
dreaded his power, he was envious of his popularity, and the death of
that celebrated general in Antioch was, as some suppose, accelerated
by poison, and the secret resentment of the emperor. Not only his
relations and friends, but the great and opulent, were sacrificed
to his ambition, cruelty, and avarice; and there was scarce in Rome
one single family that did not reproach Tiberius for the loss of a
brother, a father, or a husband. He at last retired to the island of
Capreæ, on the coast of Campania, where he buried himself in unlawful
pleasures. The care of the empire was entrusted to favourites, among
whom Sejanus for a while shone with uncommon splendour. In this
solitary retreat the emperor proposed rewards to such as invented
new pleasures, or could produce fresh luxuries. He forgot his age,
as well as his dignity, and disgraced himself by the most unnatural
vices and enormous indulgencies, which can draw a blush even upon the
countenance of the most debauched and abandoned. While the emperor
was lost to himself and the world, the provinces were harassed on
every side by the barbarians, and Tiberius found himself insulted
by those enemies whom hitherto he had seen fall prostrate at his
feet with every mark of submissive adulation. At last, grown weak
and helpless through infirmities, he thought of his approaching
dissolution; and as he well knew that Rome could not exist without
a head, he nominated, as his successor, Caius Caligula. Many might
inquire, why a youth naturally so vicious and abandoned as Caius was
chosen to be the master of an extensive empire; but Tiberius wished
his own cruelties to be forgotten in the barbarities which might be
displayed in the reign of his successor, whose natural propensities
he had well defined, in saying of Caligula that he bred a serpent for
the Roman people, and a Phaeton for the rest of the empire. Tiberius
died at Misenum the 16th of March, A.D. 37, in the 78th year of his
age, after a reign of 22 years, six months, and 26 days. Caligula was
accused of having hastened his end by suffocating him. The joy was
universal when his death was known; and the people of Rome, in the
midst of sorrow, had a moment to rejoice, heedless of the calamities
which awaited them in the succeeding reigns. The body of Tiberius was
conveyed to Rome, and burnt with great solemnity. A funeral oration
was pronounced by Caligula, who seemed to forget his benefactor while
he expatiated on the praises of Augustus, Germanicus, and his own.
The character of Tiberius has been examined with particular attention
by historians, and his reign is the subject of the most perfect
and elegant of all the compositions of Tacitus. When a private man,
Tiberius was universally esteemed; when he had no superior, he was
proud, arrogant, jealous, and revengeful. If he found his military
operations conducted by a warlike general, he affected moderation and
virtue; but when he got rid of the powerful influence of a favourite,
he was tyrannical and dissolute. If, as some observe, he had lived
in the times of the Roman republic, he might have been as conspicuous
as his great ancestors; but the sovereign power lodged in his hands,
rendered him vicious and oppressive. Yet, though he encouraged
informers and favoured flattery, he blushed at the mean servilities
of the senate, and derided the adulation of his courtiers, who
approached him, he said, as if they approached a savage elephant.
He was a patron of learning; he was an eloquent and ready speaker,
and dedicated some part of his time to study. He wrote a lyric
poem, entitled, “A Complaint on the death of Lucius Cæsar,” as also
some Greek pieces in imitation of some of his favourite authors. He
avoided all improper expressions, and all foreign words he totally
wished to banish from the Latin tongue. As instances of his humanity,
it has been recorded that he was uncommonly liberal to the people of
Asia Minor, whose cities had been destroyed by a violent earthquake,
A.D. 17. One of his officers wished him to increase the taxes. “No,”
said Tiberius; “a good shepherd must shear, not flay, his sheep.” The
senators wished to call the month of November, in which he was born,
by his name, in imitation of Julius Cæsar and Augustus, in the months
of July and August; but this he refused, saying, “What will you do,
conscript fathers, if you have thirteen Cæsars?” Like the rest of
the emperors, he received divine honours after death, and even during
his life. It has been wittily observed by Seneca, that he never was
intoxicated but once all his life, for he continued in a perpetual
state of intoxication from the time he gave himself to drinking till
the last moment of his life. _Suetonius_, _Lives_, &c.――_Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 6, &c.――_Dio Cassius._――――A friend of Julius Cæsar,
whom he accompanied in the war of Alexandria. Tiberius forgot the
favours he had received from his friend; and when he was assassinated,
he wished all his murderers to be publicly rewarded.――――One of the
Gracchi. _See:_ Gracchus.――――Sempronius, a son of Drusus and Livia
the sister of Germanicus, put to death by Caligula.――――A son of
Brutus, put to death by his father, because he had conspired with
other young noblemen to restore Tarquin to his throne.――――A Thracian
made emperor of Rome in the latter ages of the empire.

=Tibēsis=, a river of Scythia, flowing from mount Hæmus into the Ister.
_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 49.

=Tibiscus=, now _Teisse_, a river of Dacia, with a town of the same
name, now _Temeswar_. It falls into the Danube.

=Tibris=. _See:_ Tiberis.

=Tibŭla=, a town of Sardinia, now _Lango Sardo_.

=Tibullus Aulus Albius=, a Roman knight celebrated for his poetical
compositions. He followed Messala Corvinus into the island of Corcyra,
but he was soon dissatisfied with the toils of war, and retired
to Rome, where he gave himself up to literary ease, and to all the
effeminate indolence of an Italian climate. His first composition
was to celebrate the virtues of his friend Messala; but his more
favourite study was writing love verses, in praise of his mistresses
Delia and Plautia, of Nemesis and Neæra, and in these elegant
effusions he showed himself the most correct of the Roman poets. As
he had espoused the cause of Brutus, he lost his possessions when the
soldiers of the triumvirate were rewarded with lands; but he might
have recovered them if he had condescended, like Virgil, to make
his court to Augustus. Four books of elegies are the only remaining
pieces of his composition. They are uncommonly elegant and beautiful,
and possessed with so much grace and purity of sentiment, that the
writer is deservedly ranked as the prince of elegiac poets. Tibullus
was intimate with the literary men of his age, and for some time
he had a poetical contest with Horace, in gaining the favours of an
admired courtesan. Ovid has written a beautiful elegy on the death of
his friend. The poems of Tibullus are generally published with those
of Propertius and Catullus, of which the best editions are that of
Vulpius, Patavii, 1737, 1749, 1755; that of Barbou, 12mo, Paris, 1755;
and that by Heyne, 8vo, Lipscomb, 1776. _Ovid_, bk. 3, _Amores_, poem
9; _Tristia_, bk. 2, li. 487.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 4; bk. 1, ode 33,
li. 1.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.

=Tibur=, an ancient town of the Sabines, about 20 miles north of
Rome, built, as some say, by Tiburtus the son of Amphiaraus. It was
watered by the Anio, and Hercules was the chief deity of the place,
from which circumstance it has been called _Herculei muri_. In the
neighbourhood, the Romans, on account of the salubrity of the air,
had their several villas where they retired; and there also Horace
had his favourite country seat, though some place it nine miles
higher. _Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Cicero_, bk. 2, _Orations_, ch. 65.
――_Suetonius_, _Caligula_, ch. 21.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 630.
――_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 4, &c.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 6, li. 61, &c.

=Lucius Tiburtius=, a centurion in Cæsar’s army, wounded by Pompey’s
soldiers.

=Tiburtus=, the founder of Tibur, often called _Tiburtia mænia_. He was
one of the sons of Amphiaraus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 670.

=Tichis=, now _Tech_, a river of Spain, falling into the Mediterranean.

=Tichius=, a name given to the top of mount Œta. _Livy_, bk. 36, ch. 16.

=Ticĭda=, a Roman poet a few years before the age of Cicero, who wrote
epigrams, and praised his mistress Metella under the fictitious name
of Petilla. _Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 2, li. 433.

=Ticīnus=, now _Tesino_, a river near _Ticinum_, a small town of Italy,
where the Romans were defeated by Annibal. The town of Ticinum was
also called _Pavia_. The Ticinus falls into the Po. _Strabo_, bk. 5.
――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 4, li. 81.

=Tidius=, a man who joined Pompey, &c.

=Tiessa=, a river of Laconia, falling into the Eurotas. _Pausanias_,
bk. 3, ch. 18.

=Tifāta=, a mountain of Campania, near Capua. _Statius_, _Sylvæ_, bk. 4.

=Tifernum=, a name common to three towns of Italy. One of them, for
distinction’s sake, is called _Metaurense_, near the Metaurus,
in Umbria; the other, _Tiberinum_, on the Tiber; and the third,
_Samniticum_, in the country of the Sabines. _Livy_, bk. 10, ch. 14.
――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 14.――_Pliny_, Sect. 4, ltr. 1.

=Tifernus=, a mountain and river in the country of the Samnites.
_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 11.――_Livy_, bk. 10, ch. 30.――_Mela_, bk. 3,
ch. 4.

=Tigasis=, a son of Hercules.

=Tigellīnus=, a Roman celebrated for his intrigues and perfidy
in the court of Nero. He was appointed judge at the trial of the
conspirators who had leagued against Nero, for which he was liberally
rewarded with triumphal honours. He afterwards betrayed the emperor,
and was ordered to destroy himself, 68 A.D. _Tacitus_, _Histories_,
bk. 1, ch. 72.――_Plutarch._――_Juvenal_, satire 1.

=Tigellius=, a native of Sardinia, who became the favourite of Julius
Cæsar, of Cleopatra and Augustus, by his mimicry and facetiousness.
He was celebrated for the melody of his voice, yet he was of a mean
and ungenerous disposition, and of unpleasing manners, as _Horace_,
bk. 1, satire 2, li. 3 _et seq._ insinuates.

=Tigrānes=, a king of Armenia, who made himself master of Assyria and
Cappadocia. He married Cleopatra the daughter of Mithridates, and by
the advice of his father-in-law, he declared war against the Romans.
He despised these distant enemies, and even ordered the head of the
messenger to be cut off who first told him that the Roman general
was boldly advancing towards his capital. His pride, however, was
soon abated, and though he ordered the Roman consul Lucullus to be
brought alive into his presence, he fled with precipitation from his
capital, and was soon after defeated near mount Taurus. This totally
disheartened him; he refused to receive Mithridates into his palace,
and even set a price upon his head. His mean submission to Pompey,
the successor of Lucullus in Asia, and a bribe of 60,000 talents,
insured him on his throne, and he received a garrison in his capital,
and continued at peace with the Romans. His second son of the same
name revolted against him, and attempted to dethrone him with the
assistance of the king of Parthia, whose daughter he had married.
This did not succeed, and the son had recourse to the Romans, by whom
he was put in possession of Sophene, while the father remained quiet
on the throne of Armenia. The son was afterwards sent in chains to
Rome, for his insolence to Pompey. _Cicero_, _On Pompey’s Command_.
――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 5, ch. 1.――_Paterculus_, bk. 2, chs. 33 &
37.――_Justin_, bk. 40, chs. 1 & 2.――_Plutarch_, _Lucullus_, _Pompey_,
&c.――――A king of Armenia in the reign of Tiberius. He was put to
death. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 6, ch. 40.――――One of the royal
family of the Cappadocians, chosen by Tiberius to ascend the throne
of Armenia.――――A general of the Medes.――――A man appointed king of
Armenia by Nero. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 14, ch. 26.――――A prince of
Armenia in the age of Theodosius.

=Tigranocerta=, now _Sered_, the capital of Armenia, was built by
Tigranes, during the Mithridatic war, on a hill between the springs
of the Tigris and mount Taurus. Lucullus, during the Mithridatic war,
took it with difficulty, and found in it immense riches, and no less
than 8000 talents in ready money. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 15, ch. 4.
――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 9.

=Tigres=, a river of Peloponnesus, called also _Harpys_, from a person
of the same name drowned in it. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.

=Tigris=, now _Basilensa_, a river of Asia, rising on mount Niphates
in Armenia, and falling into the Persian gulf. It is the eastern
boundary of Mesopotamia. The Tigris now falls into the Euphrates,
though in the age of Pliny the two separate channels of these rivers
could be easily traced. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 27.――_Justin_, bk. 42,
ch. 3.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 256.

=Tigurīni=, a warlike people among the Helvetii, now forming the modern
cantons of _Switz_, _Zurich_, _Schaffhausen_, and _St. Gall_. Their
capital was Tigurnum. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_.

=Tilatæi=, a people of Thrace. _Thucydides_, bk. 2.

=Tilavemptus=, a river of Italy falling into the Adriatic at the west
of Aquileia.

=Tilfossius=, a mountain of Bœotia.――――Also a fountain at the tomb of
Tiresias. _Pausanias_, _Bœotia_, ch. 33.

=Tilium=, a town of Sardinia, now _Argentera_.

=Tillius Cimber.= _See:_ Tullius.

=Tilox=, a north-west cape of Corsica.

=Tilphussus=, a mountain of Bœotia.

=Timachus=, a river of Mœsia falling into the Danube. The neighbouring
people were called Timachi. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 26.

=Timæ=, the wife of Agis king of Sparta, was debauched by Alcibiades,
by whom she had a son. This child was rejected in the succession
to the throne, though Agis, on his death-bed, declared him to be
legitimate. _Plutarch_, _Agesilaus_.

=Timæus=, a friend of Alexander, who came to his assistance when he
was alone surrounded by the Oxydracæ. He was killed in the encounter.
_Curtius_, bk. 9, ch. 5.――――An historian of Sicily, who flourished
about 262 B.C., and died in the 96th year of his age. His father’s
name was Andromachus. He was banished from Sicily by Agathocles.
His general history of Sicily, and that of the wars of Pyrrhus,
were in general esteem, and his authority was great, except when he
treated of Agathocles. All his compositions are lost. _Plutarch_,
_Nicias_.――_Cicero_, _On Oratory_.――_Diodorus_, bk. 5.――_Cornelius
Nepos._――――A writer who published some treatises concerning ancient
philosophers. _Diogenes Laërtius_, _Empedocles_.――――A Pythagorean
philosopher, born at Locris. He followed the doctrines of the founder
of the metempsychosis, but in some parts of his system of the world
he differed from him. He wrote a treatise on the nature and the soul
of the world, in the Doric dialect, still extant. _Plato_, _Timæus_.
――_Plutarch._――――An Athenian in the age of Alcibiades. _Plutarch._
――――A sophist, who wrote a book called _Lexicon vocum Platonicarum_.

=Timagĕnes=, a Greek historian of Alexandria, 54 B.C., brought to
Rome by Gabinius, and sold as a slave to the son of Sylla. His
great abilities procured him his liberty, and gained the favours
of the great, and of Augustus. The emperor discarded him for his
impertinence; and Timagenes, to revenge himself on his patron,
burnt the interesting history which he had composed of his reign.
_Plutarch._――_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 19, li. 15.――_Quintilian._――――An
historian and rhetorician of Miletus.――――A man who wrote an account
of the life of Alexander. _Curtius_, bk. 9, ch. 5.――――A general,
killed at Cheronæa.

=Timagŏras=, an Athenian, capitally punished for paying homage to
Darius, according to the Persian manner of kneeling on the ground,
when he was sent to Persia as ambassador. _Valerius Maximus_, bk. 6,
ch. 3.――_Suidas._――――Another. _See:_ Meles.

=Timandra=, a daughter of Leda, sister to Helen. She married Echemus of
Arcadi. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 5.――――A mistress of Alcibiades.

=Timandrĭdes=, a Spartan celebrated for his virtues. _Ælian_, _Varia
Historia_, bk. 14, ch. 32.

=Timanthes=, a painter of Sicyon, in the reign of Philip the father of
Alexander the Great. In his celebrated painting of Iphigenia going
to be immolated, he represented all the attendants overwhelmed with
grief; but his superior genius, by covering the face of Agamemnon,
left to the conception of the imagination the deep sorrows of the
father. He obtained a prize, for which the celebrated Parrhasius was
a competitor. This was in painting an Ajax with all the fury which
his disappointments could occasion, when deprived of the arms of
Achilles. _Cicero_, _On Oratory_.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 11.
――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 9, ch. 11.――――An athlete of Cleone,
who burnt himself when he perceived that his strength began to fail.
_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 8.

=Timarchus=, a philosopher of Alexandria, intimate with Lamprocles
the disciple of Socrates. _Diogenes Laërtius_.――――A rhetorician, who
hung himself when accused of licentiousness by Æschines.――――A Cretan,
accused before Nero of oppression. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 15,
ch. 20.――――An officer in Ætolia, who burnt his ships to prevent
the flight of his companions, and to ensure himself the victory.
_Polyænus_, bk. 5.――――A king of Salamis.――――A tyrant of Miletus,
in the age of Antiochus, &c.

=Timareta=, a priestess of the oracle of Dodona. _Herodotus_, bk. 2,
ch. 94.

=Timasion=, one of the leaders of the 10,000 Greeks, &c.

=Timasitheus=, a prince of Lipara, who obliged a number of pirates
to spare some Romans who were going to make an offering of the
spoils of Veii to the god of Delphi. The Roman senate rewarded him
very liberally, and 137 years after, when the Carthaginians were
dispossessed of Lipara, the same generosity was nobly extended to
his descendants in the island. _Diodorus_, bk. 14.――_Plutarch_,
_Camillus_.

=Tĭmāvus=, a broad river of Italy rising from a mountain, and, after
running a short space, falling by seven mouths, or, according to
some, by one, into the Adriatic sea. There are, at the mouth of the
Timavus, small islands with hot springs of water. _Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 4.――_Virgil_, _Eclogues_, poem 8, li. 6; _Æneid_, bk. 1, lis. 44
& 248.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 103.

=Timesius=, a native of Clazomenæ, who began to build Abdera. He
was prevented by the Thracians, but honoured as a hero at Abdera.
_Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 168.

=Timochăris=, an astronomer of Alexandria, 294 B.C. _See:_ Aristillus.

=Timoclēa=, a Theban lady, sister to Theogenes, who was killed at
Cheronæa. One of Alexander’s soldiers offered her violence, after
which she led her ravisher to a well, and while he believed that
immense treasures were concealed there, Timoclea threw him into it.
Alexander commended her virtue, and forbade his soldiers to hurt the
Theban females. _Plutarch_, _Alexander_.

=Timŏcles=, two Greek poets of Athens, who wrote some theatrical pieces,
the one six, and the other 11, some verses of which are extant.
_Athenæus_, bk. 6.――――A statuary of Athens. _Pausanias_, bk. 10,
ch. 34.

=Timocrătes=, a Greek philosopher of uncommon austerity.――――A Syracusan
who married Arete when Dion had been banished into Greece by
Dionysius. He commanded the forces of the tyrant.

=Timocreon=, a comic poet of Rhodes, who obtained poetical, as well as
gymnastic, prizes at Olympia. He lived about 476 years before Christ,
distinguished for his voracity, and for his resentment against
Simonides and Themistocles. The following epitaph was written on his
grave:

_Multa bibens, et multa vorans, mala denique dicens
Multis, hic jaceo Timocreon Rhodius._

=Timodēmus=, the father of Timoleon.

=Timolāus=, a Spartan, intimate with Philopœmen, &c.――――A son of the
celebrated Zenobia.――――A general of Alexander, put to death by the
Thebans.

=Timoleon=, a celebrated Corinthian, son of Timodemus and Demariste.
He was such an enemy to tyranny, that he did not hesitate to
murder his own brother Timophanes, when he attempted, against his
representations, to make himself absolute in Corinth. This was viewed
with pleasure by the friends of liberty; but the mother of Timoleon
conceived the most inveterate aversion for her son, and for ever
banished him from her sight. This proved painful to Timoleon; a
settled melancholy dwelt upon his mind, and he refused to accept
of any offices in the state. When the Syracusans, oppressed with
the tyranny of Dionysius the younger, and of the Carthaginians,
had solicited the assistance of the Corinthians, all looked upon
Timoleon as a proper deliverer, but all applications would have been
disregarded, if one of the magistrates had not awakened in him the
sense of natural liberty. “Timoleon,” says he, “if you accept of the
command of this expedition, we will believe that you have killed a
tyrant; but if not, we cannot but call you your brother’s murderer.”
This had due effect, and Timoleon sailed for Syracuse in 10 ships,
accompanied by about 1000 men. The Carthaginians attempted to
oppose him, but Timoleon eluded their vigilance. Icetas, who had the
possession of the city, was defeated, and Dionysius, who despaired
of success, gave himself up into the hands of the Corinthian general.
This success gained Timoleon adherents in Sicily; many cities which
hitherto had looked upon him as an impostor, claimed his protection;
and when he was at last master of Syracuse by the total overthrow of
Icetas and of the Carthaginians, he razed the citadel which had been
the seat of tyranny, and erected on the spot a common hall. Syracuse
was almost destitute of inhabitants, and at the solicitation of
Timoleon, a Corinthian colony was sent to Sicily; the lands were
equally divided among the citizens, and the houses were sold for
1000 talents, which were appropriated to the use of the state, and
deposited in the treasury. When Syracuse was thus delivered from
tyranny, the conqueror extended his benevolence to the other states
of Sicily, and all the petty tyrants were reduced and banished from
the island. A code of salutary laws was framed for the Syracusans;
and the armies of Carthage, which had attempted again to raise
commotions in Sicily, were defeated, and peace was at last
re-established. The gratitude of the Sicilians was shown everywhere
to their deliverer. Timoleon was received with repeated applause
in the public assemblies, and though a private man, unconnected
with the government, he continued to enjoy his former influence
at Syracuse: his advice was consulted on matters of importance,
and his authority respected. He ridiculed the accusations
of malevolence, and when some informers had charged him with
oppression, he rebuked the Syracusans who were going to put
the accusers to immediate death. A remarkable instance of his
providential escape from the dagger of an assassin, has been
recorded by one of his biographers. As he was going to offer a
sacrifice to the gods after a victory, two assassins, sent by the
enemies, approached his person in disguise. The arm of one of the
assassins was already lifted up, when he was suddenly stabbed by
an unknown person, who made his escape from the camp. The other
assassin, struck at the fall of his companion, fell before Timoleon,
and confessed, in the presence of the army, the conspiracy that
had been formed against his life. The unknown assassin was in
the mean time pursued, and when he was found, he declared that he
had committed no crime in avenging the death of a beloved father,
whom the man he had stabbed had murdered in the town of Leontini.
Inquiries were made, and his confessions were found to be true.
Timoleon died at Syracuse, about 337 years before the christian era.
His body received an honourable burial, in a public place called
from him _Timoleonteum_; but the tears of a grateful nation were
more convincing proofs of the public regret, than the institution
of festivals and games yearly to be observed on the day of his
death. _Cornelius Nepos_ & _Plutarch_, _Lives_.――_Polyænus_, bk. 5,
ch. 3.――_Diodorus_, bk. 16.

=Timōlus.= _See:_ Tmolus.

=Timomăchus=, a painter of Byzantium, in the age of Sylla and Marius.
His painting of Medea murdering her children, and his Ajax, were
purchased for 80 talents by Julius Cæsar, and deposited in the temple
of Venus at Rome. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.――――A general of Athens,
sent to assist the Thebans. _Xenophon._

=Timon=, a native of Athens, called _Misanthrope_, for his
unconquerable aversion to mankind and to all society. He was fond of
Apemantus, another Athenian whose character was similar to his own,
and he said that he had some partiality for Alcibiades, because he
was one day to be his country’s ruin. Once he went into the public
assembly, and told his countrymen that he had a fig tree on which
many had ended their life with a halter, and that as he was going
to cut it down to raise a building on the spot, he advised all such
as were inclined to destroy themselves, to hasten and go and hang
themselves in his garden. _Plutarch_, _Alcibiades_, &c.――_Lucan_,
_Timon_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 12.――――A Greek poet, son of
Timarchus, in the age of Ptolemy Philadelphus. He wrote several
dramatic pieces, all now lost, and died in the 90th year of his age.
_Diogenes Laërtius._――_Athenæus_, bks. 6 & 13.――――An athlete of Elis.
_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 12.

=Timophănes=, a Corinthian, brother to Timoleon. He attempted to make
himself tyrant of his country, by means of the mercenary soldiers
with whom he had fought against the Argives and Cleomenes. Timoleon
wished to convince him of the impropriety of his measures, and when
he found him unmoved, he caused him to be assassinated. _Plutarch_ &
_Cornelius Nepos_, _Timoleon_.――――A man of Mitylene, celebrated for
his riches, &c.

=Timotheus=, a poet and musician of Miletus, son of Thersander or
Philopolis. He was received with hisses the first time he exhibited
as musician in the assembly of the people; and further applications
would have totally been abandoned, had not Euripides discovered his
abilities, and encouraged him to follow a profession in which he
afterwards gained so much applause. He received the immense sum of
1000 pieces of gold from the Ephesians, because he had composed a
poem in honour of Diana. He died about the 90th year of his age, two
years before the birth of Alexander the Great. There was also another
musician of Bœtia in the age of Alexander, often confounded with the
musician of Miletus. He was a great favourite of the conqueror of
Darius. _Cicero_, _de Legibus_, bk. 2, ch. 15.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3,
ch. 12.――_Plutarch_, _de Musica_, _de Fortuna_, &c.――――An Athenian
general, son of Conon. He signalized himself by his valour and
magnanimity, and showed that he was not inferior to his great
father in military prudence. He seized Corcyra, and obtained several
victories over the Thebans, but his ill success in one of his
expeditions disgusted the Athenians, and Timotheus, like the rest of
his noble predecessors, was fined a large sum of money. He retired
to Chalcis, where he died. He was so disinterested, that he never
appropriated any of the plunder to his own use, but after one of his
expeditions, he filled the treasury of Athens with 1200 talents. Some
of the ancients, to imitate his continual successes, have represented
him sleeping by the side of Fortune, while the goddess drove cities
into his net. He was intimate with Plato, at whose table he learned
temperance and moderation. _Athenæus_, bk. 10, ch. 3.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 1, ch. 29.――_Plutarch_, _Sulla_, &c.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_,
bk. 2, chs. 10 & 18; bk. 3, ch. 16.――_Cornelius Nepos._――――A Greek
statuary. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 32.――――A tyrant of Heraclea, who
murdered his father. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.――――A king of the Sapæi.

=Timoxĕnus=, a governor of Sicyon, who betrayed his trust, &c.
_Polyænus._――――A general of the Achæans.

=Tingis=, now _Tangiers_, a maritime town of Africa in Mauritania,
built by the giant Antæus. Sertorius took it, and as the tomb of the
founder was near the place, he caused it to be opened, and found in
it a skeleton six cubits long. This increased the veneration of the
people for their founder. _Plutarch_, _Sertorius_.――_Mela_, bk. 1,
ch. 5.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 1.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 258.

=Tinia=, a river of Umbria, now _Topino_, falling into the Clitumnus.
_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 454.

=Tipha=, a town of Bœtia, where Hercules had a temple. _Ovid_, ltr. 6,
li. 48.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 32.

=Tiphys=, the pilot of the ship of the Argonauts, was son of Hagnius,
or, according to some, of Phorbas. He died before the Argonauts
reached Colchis, at the court of Lycus in the Propontis, and Erginus
was chosen in his place. _Orphica._――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.
――_Apollonius._――_Valerius Flaccus._――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 32.
――_Hyginus_, fables 14 & 18.

=Tiphysa=, a daughter of Thestius. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Tīrĕsias=, a celebrated prophet of Thebes, son of Everus and Chariclo.
He lived to a great age, which some authors have called as long as
seven generations of men, others six, and others nine, during the
time that Polydorus, Labdacus, Laius, Œdipus, and his sons sat on the
throne of Thebes. It is said that in his youth he found two serpents
in the act of copulation on mount Cyllene, and that when he had
struck them with a stick to separate them, he found himself suddenly
changed into a girl. Seven years after he found again some serpents
together in the same manner, and he recovered his original sex,
by striking them a second time with his wand. When he was a woman,
Tiresias had married, and it was from those reasons, according to
some of the ancients, that Jupiter and Juno referred to his decision,
a dispute in which the deities wished to know which of the sexes
received greater pleasure from the connubial state. Tiresias, who
could speak from actual experience, decided in favour of Jupiter,
and declared, that the pleasure which the female received was 10
times greater than that of the male. Juno, who supported a different
opinion, and gave the superiority to the male sex, punished Tiresias
by depriving him of his eyesight. But this dreadful loss was in some
measure repaired by the humanity of Jupiter, who bestowed upon him
the gift of prophecy, and permitted him to live seven times more
than the rest of men. These causes of the blindness of Tiresias,
which are supported by the authority of Ovid, Hyginus, and others,
are contradicted by Apollodorus, Callimachus, Propertius, &c., who
declare that this was inflicted upon him as a punishment, because he
had seen Minerva bathing in the fountain Hippocrene, on mount Helicon.
Chariclo, who accompanied Minerva, complained of the severity with
which her son was treated; but the goddess, who well knew that this
was the irrevocable punishment inflicted by Saturn on such mortals
as fix their eyes upon a goddess without her consent, alleviated the
misfortunes of Tiresias, by making him acquainted with futurity, and
giving him a staff which could conduct his steps with as much safety
as if he had the use of his eye-sight. During his lifetime, Tiresias
was an infallible oracle to all Greece. The generals, during the
Theban war, consulted him, and found his predictions verified. He
drew his prophecies sometimes from the flight or the language of
birds, in which he was assisted by his daughter Manto, and sometimes
he drew the manes from the infernal regions to know futurity, with
mystical ceremonies. He at last died, after drinking the waters of a
cold fountain, which froze his blood. He was buried with great pomp
by the Thebans on mount Tilphusses, and honoured as a god. His oracle
at Orchomenos was in universal esteem. Homer represents Ulysses
as going to the infernal regions to consult Tiresias concerning
his return to Ithaca. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 6.――_Theocritus_,
_Idylls_, poem 24, li. 70.――_Statius_, _Thebaid_, bk. 2, li. 96.
――_Hyginus_, fable 75.――_Aeschylus_, _Seven Against Thebes_.
――_Sophocles_, _Œdipus Tyrannus_.――_Pindar_, _Nemean_, poem 1.
――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 11.――_Plutarch_,
_Convivium Septem Sapientium_, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 33.

=Tiribāses=, an officer of Artaxerxes killed by the guards for
conspiring against the king’s life, B.C. 394. _Plutarch_,
_Artaxerxes_.

=Tirida=, a town of Thrace where Diomedes lived. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.

=Tiridātes=, a king of Parthia, after the expulsion of Phraates by his
subjects. He was soon after deposed, and fled to Augustus in Spain.
_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 26.――――A man made king of Parthia by Tiberius,
after the death of Phraates, in opposition to Artabanus. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 6, &c.――――A keeper of the royal treasures at Persepolis,
who offered to surrender to Alexander the Great. _Curtius_, bk. 5,
ch. 5, &c.――――A king of Armenia, in the reign of Nero.――――A son of
Phraates, &c.

=Tiris=, a general of the Thracians, who opposed Antiochus. _Polyænus_,
bk. 4.

=Tiro Tullius=, a freedman of Cicero, greatly esteemed by his master
for his learning and good qualities. It is said that he invented
shorthand writing among the Romans. He wrote the life of Cicero and
other treatises now lost. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, &c.

=Tirynthia=, a name given to Alcmena, because she lived at Tirynthus.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6.

=Tirynthus=, a town of Argolis in the Peloponnesus, founded by Tyrinx
son of Argus. Hercules generally resided there, whence he is called
_Tirynthius heros_. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, chs. 16 & 25.――_Pliny_, bk. 4,
ch. 5.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 3, chs. 15 & 49.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 662.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 217.

=Tisæum=, a mountain of Thessaly. _Polybius._

=Tisagŏras=, a brother of Miltiades, called also Stesagoras. _Cornelius
Nepos_, _Miltiades_.

=Tisamĕnes=, or =Tisamĕnus=, a son of Orestes and Hermione the daughter
of Menelaus, who succeeded on the throne of Argos and Lacedæmon.
The Heraclidæ entered his kingdom in the third year of his reign,
and he was obliged to retire with his family into Achaia. He was
some time after killed in a battle against the Ionians, near Helice.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 1; bk. 7, ch. 1.
――――A king of Thebes, son of Thersander and grandson of Polynices.
The Furies, who continually persecuted the house of Œdipus, permitted
him to live in tranquillity, but they tormented his son and successor
Autesion, and obliged him to retire to Doris. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch.
5; bk. 9, ch. 6.――――A native of Elis, crowned twice at the Olympic
games. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 11.

=Tisandrus=, one of the Greeks concealed with Ulysses in the wooden
horse. Some suppose him to be the same as Thersander the son of
Polynices. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 261.

=Tisarchus=, a friend of Agathocles, by whom he was murdered, &c.
_Polyænus_, bk. 5.

=Tisdra=, a town of Africa. _Cæsar_, _African War_, ch. 76.

=Tisiarus=, a town of Africa.

=Tisias=, an ancient philosopher of Sicily, considered by some as the
inventor of rhetoric, &c. _Cicero_, _de Inventione_, bk. 2, ch. 2;
_Orations_, bk. 1, ch. 18.

=Tīsĭphŏne=, one of the Furies, daughter of Nox and Acheron, who was
the minister of divine vengeance upon mankind, and visited them with
plagues and diseases, and punished the wicked in Tartarus. She was
represented with a whip in her hand, serpents hung from her head,
and were wreathed round her arms instead of bracelets. By Juno’s
direction she attempted to prevent the landing of Io in Egypt, but
the god of the Nile repelled her, and obliged her to retire to hell.
_Statius_, _Thebaid_, bk. 1, li. 59.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3,
li. 552; _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 555.――_Horace_, bk. 1, satire 8, li. 34.
――――A daughter of Alcmæon and Manto.

=Tisiphŏnus=, a man who conspired against Alexander tyrant of Pheræ,
and seized the sovereign power, &c. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.

=Tissa=, now _Randazzo_, a town of Sicily. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 14,
li. 268.――_Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 3, ch. 38.

=Tissamĕnus.= _See:_ Tisamenus.

=Tissaphernes=, an officer of Darius.――――A satrap of Persia, commander
of the forces of Artaxerxes, at the battle of Cunaxa, against Cyrus.
It was by his valour and intrepidity that the king’s forces gained
the victory, and for this he obtained the daughter of Artaxerxes
in marriage, and all the provinces of which Cyrus was governor. His
popularity did not long continue, and the king ordered him to be put
to death when he had been conquered by Agesilaus, 395 B.C. _Cornelius
Nepos._――――An officer in the army of Cyrus, killed by Artaxerxes at
the battle of Cunaxa. _Plutarch._

=Titæa=, the mother of the Titans. She is supposed to be the same as
Thea, Rhea, Terra, &c.

=Titan=, or =Titānus=, a son of Cœlus and Terra, brother to Saturn and
Hyperion. He was the eldest of the children of Cœlus; but he gave his
brother Saturn the kingdom of the world, provided he raised no male
children. When the birth of Jupiter was concealed, Titan made war
against Saturn, and with the assistance of his brothers the Titans,
he imprisoned him till he was replaced on the throne by his son
Jupiter. This tradition is recorded by Lactantius, a christian writer,
who took it from the dramatic compositions of Ennius, now lost. None
of the ancient mythologists, such as Apollodorus, Hesiod, Hyginus,
&c., have made mention of Titan. Titan is a name applied to Saturn by
Orpheus and Lucian, to the sun by Virgil and Ovid, and to Prometheus
by Juvenal. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 10.――_Juvenal_,
satire 14, li. 35.――_Diodorus_, bk. 5.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 11.
――_Orpheus_, hymn 13.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 119.

=Titāna=, a town of Sicyonia in Peloponnesus. Titanus reigned there.
――――A man skilled in astronomy. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 11.

=Titānes=, a name given to the sons of Cœlus and Terra. They were
45 in number, according to the Egyptians. Apollodorus mentions 13,
Hyginus six, and Hesiod 20, among whom are the Titanides. The most
known of the Titans are Saturn, Hyperion, Oceanus, Japetus, Cottus,
and Briareus, to whom Horace adds Typhœus, Mimas, Porphyrion, Rhœtus,
and Enceladus, who are by other mythologists reckoned among the
giants. They were all of a gigantic stature, and with proportionable
strength. They were treated with great cruelty by Cœlus, and
confined in the bowels of the earth, till their mother pitied their
misfortunes, and armed them against their father. Saturn, with a
scythe, cut off the genitals of his father, as he was going to unite
himself to Terra, and threw them into the sea, and from the froth
sprang a new deity, called Venus; as also Alecto, Tisiphone, and
Megæra, according to Apollodorus. When Saturn succeeded his father,
he married Rhea; but he devoured all his male children, as he had
been informed by an oracle that he should be dethroned by them as
a punishment for his cruelty to his father. The wars of the Titans
against the gods are very celebrated in mythology. They are often
confounded with that of the giants; but it is to be observed, that
the war of the Titans was against Saturn, and that of the giants
against Jupiter. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 135, &c.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, ch. 1.――_Aeschylus_, _Prometheus Bound_.――_Callimachus_, _Hymn
to Delos_, li. 17.――_Diodorus_, bk. 1.――_Hyginus_, preface to fables.

=Titānia=, a patronymic applied to Pyrrha, as granddaughter of Titan,
and likewise to Diana. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 395;
bk. 2, &c.

=Titanīdes=, the daughters of Cœlus and Terra; reduced in number to
six, according to Orpheus. The most celebrated were Tethys, Themis,
Dione, Thea, Mnemosyne, Ops, Cybele, Vesta, Phœbe, and Rhea. _Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 145, &c.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.

=Titānus=, a river in Peloponnesus, with a town and mountain of the
same name.

=Titaresus=, a river of Thessaly, called also Eurotas, flowing into
the Teneus, but without mingling its thick and turbid waters with
the transparent stream. From the unwholesomeness of its water,
it was considered as deriving its source from the Styx. _Lucan_,
bk. 6, li. 376.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2, li. 751.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 18.

=Titēnus=, a river of Colchis, falling into the Euxine sea.
_Apollonius_, bk. 4.

=Tithenidia=, a festival of Sparta, in which _nurses_, τθηναι, conveyed
male infants entrusted to their charge to the temple of Diana, where
they sacrificed young pigs. During the time of the solemnity, they
generally danced and exposed themselves in ridiculous postures; there
were also some entertainments given near the temple, where tents
were erected. Each had a separate portion allotted him, together
with a small loaf, a piece of new cheese, part of the entrails of the
victims, and figs, beans, and green vetches, instead of sweetmeats.

=Tithōnus=, a son of Laomedon king of Troy, by Strymo the daughter
of the Scamander. He was so beautiful that Aurora became enamoured
of him, and carried him away. He had by her Memnon and Æmathion.
He begged of Aurora to be immortal, and the goddess granted it; but
as he had forgotten to ask the vigour, youth, and beauty which he
then enjoyed, he soon grew old, infirm, and ♦decrepit; and as life
became insupportable to him, he prayed Aurora to remove him from the
world. As he could not die, the goddess changed him into a cicada,
or grasshopper. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_,
bk. 1, li. 447; _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 585; bk. 8, li. 384.――_Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 984.――_Diodorus_, bk. 1.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 1,
li. 461; ♠bk. 3, li. 403.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 28; bk. 2, ode 16.

♦ ‘discrepit’ replaced with ‘decrepit’

♠ ‘Book 9’ replaced with ‘Book 3’

=Tithorea=, one of the tops of Parnassus. _Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch. 32.

=Tithraustes=, a Persian satrap, B.C. 395, ordered to murder
Tissaphernes by Artaxerxes. He succeeded to the offices which the
slaughtered favourite enjoyed. He was defeated by the Athenians under
Cimon.――――An officer in the Persian court, &c.――――The name was common
to some of the superior officers of state in the court of Artaxerxes.
_Plutarch._――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Datames_ & _Conon_.

=Titia=, a deity among the Milesians.

=Titia lex=, _de magistratibus_, by Publius Titius the tribune, A.U.C.
710. It ordained that a triumvirate of magistrates should be invested
with consular power to preside over the republic for five years. The
persons chosen were Octavius, Antony, and Lepidus.――――Another, _de
provinciis_, which required that the provincial questors, like the
consuls and pretors, should receive their provinces by lot.

=Titiāna Flavia=, the wife of the emperor Pertinax, disgraced herself
by her debaucheries and incontinence. After the murder of her husband
she was reduced to poverty, and spent the rest of her life in an
obscure retreat.

=Titiānus Atilius=, a noble Roman put to death, A.D. 156, by the senate
for aspiring to the purple. He was the only one proscribed during the
reign of Antoninus Pius.――――A brother of Otho.

=Titii=, priests of Apollo at Rome, who observed the flight of doves,
and drew omens from it. _Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_, bk. 4, ch. 45.
――_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 602.

=Titinius=, a tribune of the people in the first ages of the republic.
――――A friend of Cassius, who killed himself.――――One of the slaves who
revolted at Capua. He betrayed his trust to the Roman generals.

=Titius Proculus=, a Roman knight, appointed to watch Messalina.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 11, ch. 35.――――A tribune of the people who
enacted the Titian law.――――An orator of a very dissolute character.
――――One of Pompey’s murderers.――――One of Antony’s officers.――――A man
who foretold a victory to Sylla.――――Septimus, a poet in the Augustan
age, who distinguished himself by his lyric and tragic compositions,
now lost. _Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 3, li. 9.

=Titormus=, a shepherd of Ætolia, called another _Hercules_, on account
of his prodigious strength. He was stronger than his contemporary,
Milo of Crotona, as he could lift on his shoulders a stone which the
Crotonian moved with difficulty. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 12,
ch. 22.――_Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 127.

=Titurius=, a friend of Julia Silana, who informed against Agrippina,
&c. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 13.――――A lieutenant of Cæsar in Gaul,
killed by Ambiorix.――_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 5, ch. 29, &c.