Chapter M (40)

=Truentum=, or =Truentinum=, a river of Picenum, falling into the
Adriatic. There is also a town of the same name in the neighbourhood.
_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 434.――_Mela_, bk. 2.――_Pliny_, bk. 3,
ch. 13.

=Trypherus=, a celebrated cook, &c. _Juvenal_, bk. 11.

=Tryphiodorus=, a Greek poet and grammarian of Egypt in the sixth
century, who wrote a poem in 24 books on the destruction of Troy,
from which he excluded the α in the first book, the β in the second,
and the γ in the third, &c.

=Tryphon=, a tyrant of Apamea in Syria, put to death by Antiochus.
_Justin_, bk. 36, ch. 1.――――A surname of one of the Ptolemies.
_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 14, li. 31.――――A grammarian of
Alexander in the age of Augustus.

=Tubantes=, a people of Germany. _Tacitus_, bk. 1, ch. 51.

=Tubĕro Quintus Ælius=, a Roman consul, son-in-law of Paulus the
conqueror of Perseus. He is celebrated for his poverty, in which he
seemed to glory as well as the rest of his family. Sixteen of the
Tuberos, with their wives and children, lived in a small house, and
maintained themselves with the produce of a little field, which they
cultivated with their own hand. The first piece of silver plate that
entered the house of Tubero was a small cup which his father-in-law
presented to him after he had conquered the king of Macedonia.――――A
learned man.――――A governor of Africa.――――A Roman general who marched
against the Germans under the emperors. He was accused of treason,
and acquitted.

=Tuburbo=, two towns of Africa, called Major and Minor.

=Tucca Plautius=, a friend of Horace and Virgil. He was, with Varus and
Plotius, ordered by Augustus, as some report, to revise the Æneid of
Virgil, which remained uncorrected on account of the premature death
of the poet. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 5, li. 40; satire 10, li. 84.
――――A town of Mauritania.

=Tuccia=, an immodest woman in Juvenal’s age. _Juvenal_, satire 6,
li. 64.

=Tucia=, a river near Rome. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 13, li. 5.

=Tuder=, or =Tudertia=, an ancient town of Umbria. The inhabitants were
called _Tudertes_. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 4, li. 222.

=Tudri=, a people of Germany. _Tacitus_, _Germania_, ch. 42.

=Tugia=, now _Toia_, a town of Spain. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 1.

=Tugīni=, or =Tugēni=, a people of Germany.

=Tuisto=, a deity of the Germans, son of Terra, and the founder of the
nation. _Tacitus_, _Germania_, bk. 2.

=Tulcis=, a river of Spain, falling into the Mediterranean, now
_Francoli_.

=Tulingi=, a people of Germany between the Rhine and the Danube.
_Cæsar_, bk. 1, ch. 5, _Gallic War_.

=Tulla=, one of Camilla’s attendants in the Rutulian war. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 656.

=Tullia=, a daughter of Servius Tullius king of Rome. She married
Tarquin the Proud, after she had murdered her first husband Arunx,
and consented to see Tullius assassinated, that Tarquin might be
raised to the throne. It is said that she ordered her chariot to
be driven over the body of her aged father, which had been thrown
all mangled and bloody into one of the streets of Rome. She was
afterwards banished from Rome with her husband. _Ovid_, _Ibis_,
li. 363.――――Another daughter of Servius Tullius, who married Tarquin
the Proud. She was murdered by her own husband, that ♦he might marry
her ambitious sister of the same name.――――A daughter of Cicero.
_See:_ Tulliola.――――A debauched woman. _Juvenal_, satire 6, li. 306.

♦ ‘she’ replaced with ‘he’

=Tullia lex=, _de senatu_, by Marcus Tullius Cicero, A.U.C. 689,
enacted that those who had a _libera legatio_ granted them by the
senate, should hold it no more than one year. Such senators as had
a _libera legatio_ travelled through the provinces of the empire
without any expense, as if they were employed in the affairs of
the state.――――Another, _de ambitu_, by the same, the same year. It
forbade any person, two years before he canvassed for an office,
to exhibit a show of gladiators, unless that case had devolved upon
him by will. Senators guilty of the crime of _ambitu_ were punished
with the _aquæ et ignis interdictio_ for 10 years, and the penalty
inflicted on the commons was more severe than that of the Calpurnian
law.

=Tulliānum=, a subterraneous prison in Rome, built by Servius Tullius,
and added to the other called _Robur_, where criminals were confined.
_Sallust_, _Conspiracy of Catiline_.

=Tulliŏla=, or =Tullia=, a daughter of Cicero by Terentia. She married
Caius Piso, and afterwards Furius Crassipes, and lastly Publius
Cornelius Dolabella. With this last husband she had every reason to
be dissatisfied. Dolabella was turbulent, and consequently the cause
of much grief to Tullia and her father. Tullia died in child-bed,
about 44 years before Christ. Cicero was so inconsolable on this
occasion, that some have accused him of an unnatural partiality
for his daughter. According to a ridiculous story which some of
the moderns report, in the age of Pope Paul III., a monument was
discovered on the Appian road with the superscription of _Tulliolæ
filiæ meæ_. The body of a woman was found in it, which was reduced
to ashes as soon as touched; there was also a lamp burning, which was
extinguished as soon as the air gained admission there, and which was
supposed to have been lighted above 1500 years. _Cicero._――_Plutarch_,
_Cicero_.

=Tullius Cimber=, the son of a freedman, rose to great honours, and
followed the interest of Pompey. He was reconciled to Julius Cæsar,
whom he murdered with Brutus. _Plutarch._――――Cicero, a celebrated
orator. _See:_ Cicero.――――The son of the orator Cicero. _See:_
Cicero.――――Servius, a king of Rome. _See:_ Servius.――――Senecio, a
man accused of conspiracy against Nero with Piso.――――A friend of Otho.
――――One of the kings of Rome. _See:_ Servius.

=Tullus Hostilius=, the third king of Rome after the death of Numa. He
was of a warlike and active disposition, and signalized himself by
his expedition against the people of Alba, whom he conquered, and
whose city he destroyed after the famous battle of the Horatii and
Curiatii. He afterwards carried his arms against the Latins and the
neighbouring states with success, and enforced reverence for majesty
among his subjects. He died with all his family, about 640 years
before the christian era, after a reign of 32 years. The manner of
his death is not precisely known. Some suppose that he was killed
by lightning, while he was performing some magical ceremonies in his
own house; or, according to the more probable accounts of others, he
was murdered by Ancus Martius, who set fire to the palace, to make it
be believed that the impiety of Tullus had been punished by heaven.
_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 3,
ch. 1.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 814.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 22.
――_Pausanias._――――A consul, A.U.C. 686. _Horace_, bk. 3, ode 8,
li. 12.

=Tunēta=, or =Tunis=, a town of Africa, near which Regulus was defeated
and taken by Xanthippus. _Livy_, bk. 30, ch. 9.

=Tungri=, a name given to some of the Germans, supposed to live on
the banks of the Maese, whose chief city, called Atuatuca, is now
_Tongeren_. The river of the country is now the _Spaw_. _Tacitus_,
_Germania_, bk. 2.

=Caius Turanius=, a Latin tragic poet in the age of Augustus. _Ovid_,
_ex Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 16, li. 29.

=Turba=, a town of Gaul.

=Turbo=, a gladiator, mentioned _Horace_, bk. 2, satire 3, li. 310.
He was of small stature, but uncommonly courageous.――――A governor of
Pannonia, under the emperors.

=Turdetăni=, or =Turduti=, a people of Spain, inhabiting both sides of
the Bætis. _Livy_, bk. 21, ch. 6; bk. 28, ch. 39; bk. 34, ch. 17.

=Turesis=, a Thracian who revolted from Tiberius.

=Turias=, a river of Spain falling into the Mediterranean near Valentia,
now the ♦_Guadalquiver_.

♦ ‘Guadalavier’ replaced with ‘Guadalquiver’

=Turicum=, a town of Gaul, now _Zurich_, in Switzerland.

=Turiosa=, a town of Spain.

=Turius=, a corrupt judge in the Augustan age. _Horace_, bk. 2,
satire 1, li. 49.

=Turnus=, a king of the Rutuli, son of Daunus and Venilia. He made
war against Æneas, and attempted to drive him away from Italy, that
he might not marry the daughter of Latinus, who had been previously
engaged to him. His efforts were attended with no success, though
supported with great courage and a numerous army. He was conquered,
and at last killed in a single combat by Æneas. He is represented
as a man of uncommon strength. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 56, &c.
――_Tibullus_, bk. 2, poem 5, li. 49.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 879;
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 451.

=Turŏnes=, a people of Gaul, whose capital, Cæsarodunum, is the modern
_Tours_.

=Turpio.= _See:_ Ambivius.

=Turrus=, a river of Italy falling into the Adriatic.

=Turullius=, one of Cæsar’s murderers.

=Turuntus=, a river of Sarmatia, supposed to be the Dwina, or Duna.

=Tuscania= and =Tuscia=, a large country at the west of Rome, the same
as Etruria. _See:_ Etruria.

=Tusci=, the inhabitants of Etruria.――――The villa of Pliny the younger
near the sources of the Tiber. _Pliny_, ltrs. 5 & 6.

=Tusculānum=, a country house of Cicero, near Tusculum, where,
among other books, the orator composed his Quæstiones, concerning
the contempt of death, &c., in five books. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ
Disputationes_, bk. 1, ch. 4; _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 15, ltr. 2;
_Letters to his Friends_, bk. 2, ch. 1.

=Tuscŭlum=, a town of Latium on the declivity of a hill, about 12 miles
from Rome, founded by Telegonus the son of Ulysses and Circe. It is
now called _Frescati_, and is famous for the magnificent villas in
its neighbourhood. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.
――_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 23, li. 8, &c.

=Tuscus=, belonging to Etruria. The Tiber is called _Tuscus Amnis_,
from its situation. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 199.

=Tuscus vicus=, a small village near Rome. It received this name from
the Etrurians of Porsenna’s army that settled there. _Livy_, bk. 2,
ch. 14.

=Tuscum mare=, a part of the Mediterranean on the coast of Etruria.
_See:_ Tyrrhenum.

=Tuta=, a queen of Illyricum, &c. _See:_ Teuta.

=Tutia=, a vestal virgin accused of incontinence. She proved herself to
be innocent by carrying water from the Tiber to the temple of Vesta
in a sieve, after a solemn invocation to the goddess. _Livy_, bk. 20.
――――A small river six miles from Rome, where Annibal pitched his camp,
when he retreated from the city. _Livy_, bk. 26, ch. 11.

=Tuticum=, a town of the Hirpini.

=Tyăna=, a town at the foot of mount Taurus in Cappadocia, where
Apollonius was born, whence he is called _Tyaneus_. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 719.――_Strabo_, bk. 12.

=Tyanītis=, a province of Asia Minor, near Cappadocia.

=Tybris.= _See:_ Tiberis.――――A Trojan who fought in Italy with Æneas
against Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 124.

=Tybur=, a town of Latium on the Anio. _See:_ Tibur.

=Tyche=, one of the Oceanides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 360.――――A part
of the town of Syracuse. _Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 4, ch. 53.

=Tychius=, a celebrated artist of Hyle in Bœotia, who made Hector’s
shield, which was covered with the hides of seven oxen. _Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 823.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 7,
li. 220.

=Tyde=, a town of Hispania Tarraconensis. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 3,
li. 367.

=Tydeus=, a son of Œneus king of Calydon and Peribœa. He fled from his
country after the accidental murder of one of his friends, and found
a safe asylum in the court of Adrastus king of Argos, whose daughter
Deiphyle he married. When Adrastus wished to replace his son-in-law
Polynices on the throne of Thebes, Tydeus undertook to go and declare
war against Eteocles, who usurped the crown. The reception he met
provoked his resentment; he challenged Eteocles and his officers
to single combat, and defeated them. On his return to Argos he slew
50 of the Thebans who had conspired against his life, and lay in an
ambush to surprise him; and only one of the number was permitted to
return to Thebes, to bear the tidings of the fate of his companions.
He was one of the seven chiefs of the army of Adrastus, and during
the Theban war he behaved with great courage. Many of the enemies
expired under his blows, till he was at last wounded by Menalippus.
Though the blow was fatal, Tydeus had the strength to dart at his
enemy, and to bring him to the ground, before he was carried away
from the fight by his companions. At his own request, the dead body
of Menalippus was brought to him, and after he had ordered the head
to be cut off, he began to tear out the brains with his teeth. The
savage barbarity of Tydeus displeased Minerva, who was coming to
bring him relief and to make him immortal, and the goddess left him
to his fate, and suffered him to die. He was buried at Argos, where
his monument was still to be seen in the age of Pausanias. He was
father to Diomedes. Some suppose that the cause of his flight to
Argos was the murder of the son of Melus, or, according to others, of
Alcathous his father’s brother, or perhaps his own brother Olenius.
_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 4, lis. 365, 387.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 8;
bk. 3, ch. 6.――_Aeschylus_, _Seven Against Thebes_.――_Pausanias_, bk.
9, ch. 18.――_Diodorus_, bk. 2.――_Euripides_, _Suppliants_.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 479.――_Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 350, &c.

=Tydīdes=, a patronymic of Diomedes, as son of Tydeus. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 101.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 15, li. 28.

=Tylos=, a town of Peloponnesus near Tænarus, now _Bahrain_.

=Tymber=, a son of Daunus, who assisted Turnus. His head was cut off in
an engagement by Pallas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 391, &c.

=Tymōlus=, a mountain. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, li. 15. _See:_
Tmolus.

=Tympania=, an inland town of Elis.

=Tynphæi=, a people between Epirus and Thessaly.

=Tyndărĭdæ=, a patronymic of the children of Tyndarus, as Castor,
Pollux, and Helen, &c. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8.――――A people of
Colchis.

=Tyndăris=, a patronymic of Helen daughter of Tyndarus. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 569.――――A town of Sicily near Pelorus, founded
by a Messenian colony. _Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 91.
――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14, li. 209.――――Horace gave this name to one
of his mistresses, as best expressive of all female accomplishments,
bk. 1, ode 17, li. 10.――――A name given to Cassandra. _Ovid_, _Ars
Amatoria_, bk. 2, li. 408.――――A town of Colchis on the Phasis.
_Pliny._

=Tyndărus=, son of Œbalus and Gorgophone, or, according to some,
of Perieres. He was king of Lacedæmon, and married the celebrated
Leda, who bore him Timandra, Philonoe, &c., and also became mother
of Pollux and Helen by Jupiter. _See:_ Leda, Castor, Pollux,
Clytemnestra, &c.

=Tynnĭchus=, a general of Heraclea. _Polyænus._

=Typhœus=, or =Typhon=, a famous giant, son of Tartarus and Terra,
who had 100 heads like those of a serpent or a dragon. Flames of
devouring fire were darted from his mouth and from his eyes, and he
uttered horrid yells, like the dissonant shrieks of different animals.
He was no sooner born, than, to avenge the death of his brothers the
giants, he made war against heaven, and so frightened the gods that
they fled away and assumed different shapes. Jupiter became a ram,
Mercury an ibis, ♦Apollo a crow, Juno a cow, Bacchus a goat, Diana a
cat, Venus a fish, &c. The father of the gods at last resumed courage,
and put Typhœus to flight with his thunderbolts, and crushed him
under mount Ætna, in the island of Sicily, or, according to some,
under the island Inarime. Typhœus became father of Geryon, Cerberus,
and Orthos by his union with Echidna. _Hyginus_, fables 152 & 196.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 325.――_Aeschylus_, _Seven
Against Thebes_.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 820.――_Homer_, _Hymns_.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 156.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 716.

♦ ‘Appollo’ replaced with ‘Apollo’

=Typhon=, a giant whom Juno produced by striking the earth. Some of the
poets make him the same as the famous Typhœus. _See:_ Typhœus.――――A
brother of Osiris, who married Nepthys. He laid snares for his
brother during his expedition, and murdered him at his return. The
death of Osiris was avenged by his son Orus, and Typhon was put to
death. _See:_ Osiris. He was reckoned among the Egyptians to be the
cause of every evil, and on that account generally represented as a
wolf and a crocodile. _Plutarch_, _de Iside et Osiride_.――_Diodorus_,
bk. 1.

=Tyrannion=, a grammarian of Pontus, intimate with Cicero. His original
name was Theophrastus, and he received that of Tyrannion, from his
austerity to his pupils. He was taken by Lucullus, and restored to
his liberty by Muræna. He opened a school in the house of his friend
Cicero, and enjoyed his friendship. He was extremely fond of books,
and collected a library of about 30,000 volumes. To his care and
industry the world is indebted for the preservation of Aristotle’s
works.――――There was also one of his disciples called Diocles, who
bore his name. He was a native of Phœnicia, and was made prisoner in
the war of Augustus and Antony. He was bought by Dymes, one of the
emperors favourites, and afterwards by Terentia, who gave him his
liberty. He wrote 68 different volumes, in one of which he proved
that the Latin tongue was derived from the Greek; and another in
which Homer’s poems were corrected, &c.

=Tyrannus=, a son of Pterelaus.

=Tyras=, or =Tyra=, a river of European Sarmatia, falling into the
Euxine sea, between the Danube and the Borysthenes, and now called
the _Niester_. _Ovid_, _ex Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 10, li. 50.

=Tyres=, one of the companions of Æneas in his wars against Turnus. He
was brother to Teuthras. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 403.

=Tyridates=, a rich man in the age of Alexander, &c. _Curtius._

=Tyrii=, or =Tyrus=, a town of Magna Græcia.

=Tyriotes=, a eunuch of Darius, who fled from Alexander’s camp, to
inform his master of the queen’s death. _Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 10.

=Tyro=, a beautiful nymph, daughter of Salmoneus king of Elis and
Alcidice. She was treated with great severity by her mother-in-law
Sidero, and at last removed from her father’s house by her uncle
Cretheus. She became enamoured of the Enipeus; and as she often
walked on the banks of the river, Neptune assumed the shape of her
favourite lover, and gained her affections. She had two sons, Pelias
and Neleus, by Neptune, whom she exposed, to conceal her incontinence
from the world. The children were preserved by shepherds, and when
they had arrived at years of maturity, they avenged their mother’s
injuries by assassinating the cruel Sidero. Some time after her
amour with Neptune, Tyro married her uncle Cretheus, by whom she had
Amythaon, Pheres, and Æson. Tyro is often called _Salmonis_ from her
father. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 11, li. 234.――_Pindar_, _Pythian_, ch.
4.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Propertius_,
bk. 1, poem 13, li. 20; bk. 2, poem 30, li. 51; bk. 3, poem 19,
li. 13.――_Ovid_, _Amores_, bk. 3, poem 6, li. 43.――_Ælian_, _Varia
Historia_, bk. 12, ch. 42.

=Tyros=, an island of Arabia.――――A city of Phœnicia. _See:_ Tyrus.

=Tyrrheidæ=, a patronymic given to the sons of Tyrrheus, who kept the
flocks of Latinus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 484.

=Tyrrhēni=, the inhabitants of Etruria. _See:_ Etruria.

=Tyrrhēnum mare=, that part of the Mediterranean which lies on the
coast of Etruria. It is also called _Inferum_, as being at the bottom
or south of Italy.

=Tyrrhēnus=, a son of Atys king of Lydia, who came to Italy, where part
of the country was called after him. _Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 4, ch. 55.――_Paterculus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.――――A friend of
Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 612.

=Tyrrheus=, a shepherd of king Latinus, whose stag being killed by the
companions of Ascanius, was the first cause of war between Æneas and
the inhabitants of Latium. Hence the word _Tyrrheides_. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 485.――――An Egyptian general, B.C. 91.

=Tyrsis=, a place in the Balearides, supposed to be the palace of
Saturn.

=Tyrtæus=, a Greek elegiac poet, born in Attica, son of Archimbrotus.
In the second Messenian war, the Lacedæmonians were directed by the
oracle to apply to the Athenians for a general, if they wished to
finish their expedition with success, and they were contemptuously
presented with Tyrtæus. The poet, though ridiculed for his many
deformities, and his ignorance of military affairs, animated the
Lacedæmonians with martial songs, just as they wished to raise the
siege of Ithome, and inspired them with so much courage, that they
defeated the Messenians. For his services, he was made a citizen of
Lacedæmon, and treated with great attention. Of the compositions of
Tyrtæus nothing is extant but the fragments of four or five elegies.
He flourished about 684 B.C. _Justin_, bk. 2, ch. 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.
――_Aristotle_, _Politics_, bk. 5, ch. 7.――_Horace_, _Art of Poetry_,
li. 402.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 12, ch. 50.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 6, &c.

=Tyrus=, or =Tyros=, a very ancient city of Phœnicia, built by the
Sidonians, on a small island at the south of Sidon, about 200 stadia
from the shore, and now called _Sur_. There were, properly speaking,
two places of that name, the old Tyros, called _Palætyros_, on the
sea-shore, and the other in the island. It was about 19 miles in
circumference, including Palætyros, but, without it, about four miles.
Tyre was destroyed by the princes of Assyria, and afterwards rebuilt.
It maintained its independence till the age of Alexander, who took
it with much difficulty, and only after he had joined the island to
the continent by a mole, after a siege of seven months, on the 20th
of August, B.C. 332. The Tyrians were naturally industrious; their
city was the emporium of commerce, and they were deemed the inventors
of scarlet and purple colours. They founded many cities in different
parts of the world, such as Carthage, Gades, Leptis, Utica, &c.,
which on that account are often distinguished by the epithet _Tyria_.
The buildings of Tyre were very splendid and magnificent; the walls
were 150 feet high, with a proportionate breadth. Hercules was the
chief deity of the place. It had two large and capacious harbours,
and a powerful fleet, and was built, according to some writers, about
2760 years before the christian era. _Strabo_, bk. 16.――_Herodotus_,
bk. 2, ch. 44.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 12.――_Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 4.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, lis. 6, 339, &c.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 1,
&c. _Metamorphoses_, bks. 5 & 10.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, &c.――――A nymph,
mother of Venus, according to some.

=Tysias=, a man celebrated by Cicero. _See:_ Tisias.

U & V

=Vacatione= (_lex de_), was enacted concerning the exemption from
military service, and contained this very remarkable clause, _nisi
bellum Gallicum exoriatur_, in which case the priests themselves were
not exempted from service. This can intimate how apprehensive the
Romans were of the Gauls, by whom their city had once been taken.

=Vacca=, a town of Numidia. _Sallust_, _Jugurthine War_.――――A river of
Spain.

=Vaccæi=, a people at the north of Spain. _Livy_, bk. 21, ch. 5; bk. 35,
ch. 7; bk. 46, ch. 47.

=Vaccus=, a general, &c. _Livy_, bk. 8, ch. 19.

=Vacūna=, a goddess at Rome, who presided over repose and leisure, as
the word indicates (_vacare_). Her festivals were observed in the
month of December. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 6, li. 307.――_Horace_, bk. 1,
ltr. 10, li. 49.

=Vadimōnis lacus=, now _Bassano_, a lake of Etruria, whose waters were
sulphureous. The Etrurians were defeated there by the Romans, and the
Gauls by Dolabella. _Livy_, bk. 9, ch. 39.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 13.
――_Pliny_, bk. 8, ltr. 20.

=Vaga=, a town of Africa. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 259.

=Vagedrūsa=, a river of Sicily between the towns of Camarina and Gela.
_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14, li. 229.

=Vagellius=, an obscene lawyer of Mutina. _Juvenal_, satire 16, li. 23.

=Vagēni=, or =Vagienni=, a people of Liguria, at the sources of the Po,
whose capital was called _Augusta Vagiennorum_. _Silius Italicus_,
bk. 8, li. 606.

=Vahālis=, a river of modern Holland, now called the _Waal_. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 6.

=Vala Caius Numonius=, a friend of Horace, to whom the poet addressed
bk. 1, ltr. 15.

=Valens Flavius=, a son of Gratian, born in Pannonia. His brother
Valentinian took him as his colleague on the throne, and appointed
him over the eastern parts of the Roman empire. The bold measures and
the threats of the rebel Procopius frightened the new emperor; and
if his friends had not interfered, he would have willingly resigned
all his pretensions to the empire which his brother had entrusted to
his care. By perseverance, however, Valens was enabled to destroy his
rival, and to distinguish himself in his wars against the northern
barbarians. But his lenity to these savage intruders proved fatal
to the Roman power; and by permitting some of the Goths to settle in
the provinces of Thrace, and to have free access to every part of the
country, Valens encouraged them to make depredations on his subjects,
and to disturb their tranquillity. His eyes were opened too late;
he attempted to repel them, but he failed in the attempt. A bloody
battle was fought, in which the barbarians obtained some advantage,
and Valens was hurried away by the obscurity of the night, and
the affection of the soldiers for his person, into a lonely house,
which the Goths set on fire. Valens, unable to make his escape, was
burnt alive in the 50th year of his age, after a reign of 13 years,
A.D. 378. He has been blamed for his superstition and cruelty, in
putting to death all such of his subjects whose name began by _Theod_,
because he had been informed by his favourite astrologers that his
crown would devolve upon the head of an officer whose name began
with these letters. Valens did not possess any of the great qualities
which distinguish a good and powerful monarch. He was illiterate, and
of a disposition naturally indolent and inactive. Yet though timorous
in the highest degree, he was warlike; and though fond of ease, he
was acquainted with the character of his officers, and preferred none
but such as possessed merit. He was a great friend to discipline,
a pattern of chastity and temperance, and he showed himself always
ready to listen to the just complaints of his subjects, though he
gave an attentive ear to flattery and malevolent informations.
_Ammianus_, &c.――――Valerius, a proconsul of Achaia, who proclaimed
himself emperor of Rome, when Marcian, who had been invested with
the purple in the east, attempted to assassinate him. He reigned only
six months, and was murdered by his soldiers, A.D. 261.――――Fabius, a
friend of Vitellius, whom he saluted emperor, in opposition to Otho.
He was greatly honoured by Vitellius, &c.――――A general of the emperor
Honorius.――――The name of the second Mercury mentioned by _Cicero_,
_de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 22, but considered as more properly
belonging to Jupiter.

=Valentia=, one of the ancient names of Rome.――――A town of Spain, a
little below Saguntum, founded by Julius Brutus, and for some time
known by the name of Julia Collonia.――――A town of Italy.――――Another,
in Sardinia.

=Valentiniānus I.=, a son of Gratian, raised to the imperial throne
by his merit and valour. He kept the western part of the empire for
himself, and appointed over the east his brother Valens. He gave
the most convincing proof of his military valour in the victories
which he obtained over the barbarians in the provinces of Gaul, the
deserts of Africa, and on the banks of the Rhine and the Danube.
The insolence of the Quadi he punished with great severity; and
when these desperate and indigent barbarians had deprecated the
conqueror’s mercy, Valentinian treated them with contempt, and
upbraided them with every mark of resentment. While he spoke with
such warmth, he broke a blood-vessel, and fell lifeless on the ground.
He was conveyed into his palace by his attendants, and soon after
died, after suffering the greatest agonies, from violent fits and
contortions of his limbs, on the 17th of November, A.D. 375. He was
then in the 55th year of his age, and had reigned 12 years. He has
been represented by some as cruel and covetous in the highest degree.
He was naturally of an irascible disposition, and he gratified his
pride in expressing a contempt for those who were his equals in
military abilities, or who shone for gracefulness or elegance of
address. _Ammianus._

=Valentinianus II.=, second son of Valentinian I., was proclaimed
emperor about six days after his father’s death, though only five
years old. He succeeded his brother, Gratian, A.D. 383, but his youth
seemed to favour dissension, and the attempts and the usurpations
of rebels. He was robbed of his throne by Maximus, four years after
the death of Gratian; and in this helpless situation he had recourse
to Theodosius, who was then emperor of the east. He was successful
in his applications; Maximus was conquered by Theodosius, and
Valentinian entered Rome in triumph, accompanied by his benefactor.
He was some time after strangled by one of his officers, a native of
Gaul, called Arbogastes, in whom he had placed too much confidence,
and from whom he expected more deference than the ambition of a
barbarian could pay. Valentinian reigned nine years. This happened
the 15th of May, A.D. 392, at Vienne, one of the modern towns of
France. He has been commended for his many virtues, and the applause
which the populace bestowed upon him was bestowed upon real merit.
He abolished the greatest part of the taxes; and because his subjects
complained that he was too fond of the amusements of the circus, he
ordered all such festivals to be abolished, and all the wild beasts
that were kept for the entertainment of the people to be slain. He
was remarkable for his benevolence and clemency, not only to his
friends, but even to such as had conspired against his life; and
he used to say that tyrants alone are suspicious. He was fond of
imitating the virtues and exemplary life of his friend and patron
Theodosius, and if he had lived longer, the Romans might have enjoyed
peace and security.

=Valentinianus III.=, was son of Constantius and Placidia the
daughter of Theodosius the Great, and therefore, as related to the
imperial family, he was saluted emperor in his youth, and publicly
acknowledged as such at Rome, the 3rd of October, A.D. 423, about
the sixth year of his age. He was at first governed by his mother,
and the intrigues of his generals and courtiers; and when he came to
years of discretion, he disgraced himself by violence, oppression,
and incontinence. He was murdered in the midst of Rome, A.D. 454, in
the 36th year of his age, and 31st of his reign, by Petronius Maximus,
to whose wife he had offered violence. The vices of Valentinian III.
were conspicuous; every passion he wished to gratify at the expense
of his honour, his health, and character; and as he lived without
one single act of benevolence or kindness, he died lamented by none,
though pitied for his imprudence and vicious propensities. He was the
last of the family of Theodosius.

=Valentinianus=, a son of the emperor Gratian, who died when very young.

=Valeria=, a sister of Publicola, who advised the Roman matrons to go
and deprecate the resentment of Coriolanus. _Plutarch_, _Coriolanus_.
――――A daughter of Publicola, given as a hostage to Porsenna by the
Romans. She fled from the enemy’s country with Clœlia, and swam
across the Tiber. _Plutarch_, _de Mulierum Virtutibus_.――――A daughter
of Messala, sister to Hortensius, who married Sylla.――――The wife
of the emperor Valentinian.――――The wife of the emperor Galerius, &c.
――――A road in Sicily, which led from Messana to Lilybæum.――――A town
of Spain. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 3.

=Valeria lex=, _de provocatione_, by Publius Valerius Poplicola the
sole consul, A.U.C. 245. It permitted the appeal from a magistrate to
the people, and forbade the magistrate to punish a citizen for making
the appeal. It further made it a capital crime for a citizen to
aspire to the sovereignty of Rome, or to exercise any office without
the choice and approbation of the people. _Valerius Maximus_, bk. 4,
ch. 1.――_Livy_, bk. 2, ch. 8.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 4.
――――Another, _de debitoribus_, by Valerius Flaccus. It required that
all creditors should discharge their debtors, on receiving a fourth
part of the whole sum.――――Another, by Marcus Valerius Corvinus, A.U.C.
453, which confirmed the first Valerian law, enacted by Poplicola.
――――Another, called also _Horatia_, by Lucius Valerius and Marcus
Horatius the consuls, A.U.C. 305. It revived the first Valerian law,
which, under the triumvirate, had lost its force.――――Another, _de
magistratibus_, by Publius Valerius Poplicola sole consul, A.U.C. 245.
It created two questors to take care of the public treasure, which
was for the future to be kept in the temple of Saturn. _Plutarch_,
_Publicola_.――_Livy_, bk. 2.

=Valeriānus Publius Licinius=, a Roman, proclaimed emperor by the
armies in Rhætia, A.D. 254. The virtues which shone in him when
a private man, were lost when he ascended the throne. Formerly
distinguished for his temperance, moderation, and many virtues,
which fixed the uninfluenced choice of all Rome upon him, Valerian,
invested with the purple, displayed inability and meanness. He was
cowardly in his operations, and though acquainted with war, and the
patron of science, he seldom acted with prudence, or favoured men of
true genius and merit. He took his son Gallienus as his colleague in
the empire, and showed the malevolence of his heart by persecuting
the christians whom he had for a while tolerated. He also made
war against the Goths and Scythians; but in an expedition which he
undertook against Sapor king of Persia, his arms were attended with
ill success. He was conquered in Mesopotamia, and when he wished to
have a private conference with Sapor, the conqueror seized his person,
and carried him in triumph to his capital, where he exposed him, and
in all the cities of his empire, to the ridicule and insolence of his
subjects. When the Persian monarch mounted on horseback, Valerian
served as a footstool, and the many other insults which he suffered
excited indignation even among the courtiers of Sapor. The monarch at
last ordered him to be flayed alive, and salt to be thrown over his
mangled body, so that he died in the greatest torments. His skin was
tanned, and painted in red; and that the ignominy of the Roman empire
might be lasting, it was nailed in one of the temples of Persia.
Valerian died in the 71st year of his age, A.D. 260, after a reign
of seven years.――――A grandson of Valerian the emperor. He was put to
death when his father, the emperor Gallienus, was killed.――――One of
the generals of the usurper Niger.――――A worthy senator, put to death
by Heliogabalus.

=Valerius Publius=, a celebrated Roman surnamed _Poplicola_, from
his popularity. He was very active in assisting Brutus to expel
the Tarquins, and he was the first that took an oath to support the
liberty and independence of his country. Though he had been refused
the consulship, and had retired with great dissatisfaction from the
direction of affairs, yet he regarded the public opinion; and when
the jealousy of the Romans inveighed against the towering appearance
of his house, he acknowledged the reproof, and in making it lower,
he showed his wish to be on a level with his fellow-citizens, and not
to erect what might be considered as a citadel for the oppression of
his country. He was afterwards honoured with the consulship, on the
expulsion of Collatinus, and he triumphed over the Etrurians, after
he had gained the victory in the battle in which Brutus and the sons
of Tarquin had fallen. Valerius died after he had been four times
consul, and enjoyed the popularity, and received the thanks and the
gratitude, which people redeemed from slavery and oppression usually
pay to their patrons and deliverers. He was so poor, that his body
was buried at the public expense. The Roman matrons mourned his death
a whole year. _Plutarch_, _Lives_.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Livy_,
bk. 3, ch. 8, &c.――――Corvinus, a tribune of the soldiers under
Camillus. When the Roman army were challenged by one of the Senones,
remarkable for his strength and stature, Valerius undertook to
engage him, and obtained an easy victory, by means of a crow that
assisted him, and attacked the face of the Gaul, whence his surname
of _Corvinus_. Valerius triumphed over the Etrurians, and the
neighbouring states that made war against Rome, and was six times
honoured with the consulship. He died in the 100th year of his age,
admired and regretted for many public and private virtues. _Valerius
Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 13.――_Livy_, bk. 7, ch. 27, &c.――_Plutarch_,
_Caius Marius_.――_Cicero_, _Against Catiline_.――――Antias, an
excellent Roman historian often quoted, and particularly by Livy.
――――Marcus Corvinus Messala, a Roman, made consul with Augustus. He
distinguished himself by his learning as well as military virtues.
He lost his memory about two years before his death, and according to
some, he was even ignorant of his own name. _Suetonius_, _Augustus_.
――_Cicero_, _Brutus_.――――Soranus, a Latin poet in the age of Julius
Cæsar, put to death for betraying a secret. He acknowledged no god,
but the soul of the universe.――――Maximus, a brother of Poplicola.
――――A Latin historian who carried arms under the sons of Pompey. He
dedicated his time to study, and wrote an account of all the most
celebrated sayings and actions of the Romans, and other illustrious
persons, which is still extant, and divided into nine books. It
is dedicated to Tiberius. Some have supposed that he lived after
the age of Tiberius, from the want of purity and elegance which so
conspicuously appear in his writings, unworthy of the correctness of
the golden age of the Roman literature. The best editions of Valerius
are those of Torrenius, 4to, Leiden, 1726, and of Vorstius, 8vo,
Berlin, 1672.――――Marcus, a brother of Poplicola, who defeated the
army of the Sabines in two battles. He was honoured with a triumph,
and the Romans, to show the sense of his great merit, built him a
house on mount Palatine, at the public expense.――――Potitus, a general
who stirred up the people and army against the decemvirs, and Appius
Claudius in particular. He was chosen consul, and conquered the
Volsci and Æqui.――――Flaccus, a Roman, intimate with Cato the censor,
whose friendship he honourably shared. He was consul with him, and
cut off an army of 10,000 of the Insubres and Boii in Gaul, in one
battle. He was also chosen censor, and prince of the senate, &c.――――A
Latin poet who flourished under Vespasian. He wrote a poem in eight
books on the Argonautic expedition, but it remained unfinished on
account of his premature death. The Argonauts were there left on
the sea in their return home. Some critics have been lavish in their
praises upon Flaccus, and have called him the second poet of Rome,
after Virgil. His poetry, however, is deemed by some frigid and
languishing, and his style uncouth and inelegant. The best editions
of Flaccus are those of Burman, Leiden, 1724, and 12mo, Utrecht, 1702.
――――Asiaticus, a celebrated Roman, accused of having murdered one
of the relations of the emperor Claudius. He was condemned by the
intrigues of Messalina, though innocent, and he opened his veins,
and bled to death. _Tacitus_, _Annals_.――――A friend of Vitellius.
――――Fabianus, a youth condemned under Nero, for counterfeiting the
will of one of his friends, &c. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 14, ch. 42.
――――Lævinus, a consul who fought against Pyrrhus during the Tarentine
war. _See:_ Lævinus.――――Præconius, a lieutenant of Cæsar’s army in
Gaul, slain in a skirmish.――――Paulinus, a friend of Vespasian, &c.

=Valerus=, a friend of Turnus against Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10,
li. 752.

=Valgius Rufus=, a Roman poet in the Augustan age, celebrated for
his writings. He was very intimate with Horace. _Tibullus_, ♦bk. 1,
li. 180.――_Horace_, bk. 1, satire 10, li. 82.

♦ removed extraneous ‘3’

=Vandalii=, a people of Germany. _Tacitus_, _Germania_, ch. 3.

=Vangiŏnes=, a people of Germany. Their capital, Borbetomagus, is now
called _Worms_. _Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 431.――_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_,
bk. 1, ch. 51.

=Vannia=, a town of Italy, north of the Po, now called _Civita_.

=Vannius=, a king of the Suevi, banished under Claudius, &c. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 29.

=Vapineum=, a town of Gaul.

=Varanes=, a name common to some of the Persian monarchs, in the age of
the Roman emperors.

=Vardæi=, a people of Dalmatia. _Cicero_, _Letters to his Friends_,
bk. 5, ltr. 9.

=Varia=, a town of Latium.

=Varia lex=, _de majestate_, by the tribune ♦Quintus Varius, A.U.C. 662.
It ordained that all such as had assisted the confederates in their
war against Rome, should be publicly tried.――――Another, _de civiate_,
by Quintus Varius Hybrida. It punished all such as were suspected of
having assisted or supported the people of Italy in their petition to
become free citizens of Rome. _Cicero_, _For Milo_, ch. 36; _Brutus_,
chs. 56, 88, &c.

♦ ‘L. Varrus’ replaced with ‘Quintus Varius’

=Varīni=, a people of Germany. _Tacitus_, _Germania_, ch. 40.

=Varisti=, a people of Germany.

=Lucius Varius=, or =Varus=, a tragic poet intimate with Horace
and Virgil. He was one of those whom Augustus appointed to revise
Virgil’s Æneid. Some fragments of his poetry are still extant.
Besides tragedies, he wrote a panegyric on the emperor. Quintilian
says, bk. 10, that his Thyestes was equal to any composition of the
Greek poets. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 5, li. 40.――――A man who raised
his reputation by the power of his oratory. _Cicero_, _On Oratory_,
bk. 1, ch. 25.――――One of the friends of Antony, surnamed _Cotylon_.
――――A man in the reign of Otho, punished for his adulteries, &c.

=Varro Marcus Terentius=, a Roman consul defeated at Cannæ, by Annibal.
_See:_ Terentius. A Latin writer, celebrated for his great learning.
He wrote no less than 500 different volumes, which are all now
lost, except a treatise _de Re Rusticâ_, and another _de Linguâ
Latinâ_, in five books, written in his 80th year, and dedicated to
the orator Cicero. He was Pompey’s lieutenant in his piratical wars,
and obtained a naval crown. In the civil wars he was taken by Cæsar
and proscribed, but he escaped. He has been greatly commended by
Cicero for his erudition, and St. Augustin says that it cannot but be
wondered how Varro, who read such a number of books, could find time
to compose so many volumes; and how he who composed so many volumes,
could be at leisure to peruse such a variety of books, and gain
so much literary information. He died B.C. 28, in the 88th year of
his age. The best edition of Varro is that of Dordrac, 8vo, 1619.
_Cicero_, _Academica_, &c.――_Quintilian._――――Atacinus, a native of
Gaul, in the age of Julius Cæsar. He translated into Latin verse
the Argonautica of Apollonius Rhodius, with great correctness and
elegance. He also wrote a poem entitled _de Bello Sequanico_, besides
epigrams and elegies. Some fragments of his poetry are still extant.
He failed in his attempt to write satire. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 10,
li. 46.――_Ovid_, _Amores_, bk. 1, li. 15.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10,
ch. 1.

=Varrōnis villa=, now _Vicovaro_, was situate on the Anio, in the
country of the Sabines. _Cicero_, _Philippics_, bk. 2, ltr. 41.

=Varus Quintilius=, a Roman proconsul, descended from an illustrious
family. He was appointed governor of Syria, and afterwards made
commander of the armies in Germany. He was surprised by the enemy,
under Arminius, a crafty and dissimulating chief, and his army
was cut to pieces. When he saw that everything was lost, he killed
himself, A.D. 10, and his example was followed by some of his
officers. His head was afterwards sent to Augustus at Rome, by one
of the barbarian chiefs, as also his body; and so great was the
influence of this defeat upon the emperor, that he continued for
whole months to show all the marks of dejection, and of deep sorrow,
often exclaiming, “O Varus, restore me my legions!” The bodies of
the slain were left in the field of battle, where they were found six
years after by Germanicus, and buried with great pomp. Varus has been
taxed with indolence and cowardice, and some have intimated, that
if he had not trusted too much to the insinuations of the barbarian
chiefs, he might have not only escaped ruin, but awed the Germans to
their duty. His avarice was also conspicuous; he went poor to Syria,
whence he returned loaded with riches. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 24.
――_Paterculus_, bk. 2, ch. 117.――_Florus_, bk. 4, ch. 12.――_Virgil_,
_Eclogues_, poem 6.――――A son of Varus, who married a daughter of
Germanicus. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 4, ch. 6.――――The father and
grandfather of Varus, who was killed in Germany, slew themselves with
their own swords, the one after the battle of Philippi, and the other
in the plains of Pharsalia.――――Quintilius, a friend of Horace, and
other great men in the Augustan age. He was a good judge of poetry,
and a great critic, as Horace, _Art of Poetry_, li. 438, seems to
insinuate. The poet has addressed the 18th ode of his first book to
him, and in the 24th he mourns pathetically his death. Some suppose
this Varus to be the person killed in Germany, while others believe
him to be a man who devoted his time more to the muses than to war.
_See:_ Varius.――――Lucius, an epicurean philosopher, intimate with
Julius Cæsar. Some suppose that it was to him that Virgil inscribed
his sixth eclogue. He is commended by _Quintilian_, bk. 6, chs. 3, 78.
――――Alfrenus, a Roman, who, though originally a shoemaker, became
consul, and distinguished himself by his abilities as an orator. He
was buried at the public expense, an honour granted to few, and only
to persons of merit. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 3.――――Accius, one of
the friends of Cato in Africa, &c.――――A river which falls into the
Mediterranean, to the west of Nice, after separating Liguria from
Gallia Narbonensis. _Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 404.

=Vasates=, a people of Gaul.

=Vascŏnes=, a people of Spain, on the Pyrenees. They were so reduced
by a famine by Metellus, that they fed on human flesh. _Pliny_, bk. 3,
ch. 3.――_Ausonius_, bk. 2, li. 100.――_Juvenal_, satire 15, li. 93.

=Vasio=, a town of Gaul in modern Provence. _Cicero_, _Letters to his
Friends_, bk. 10, ltr. 34.

=Vaticānus=, a hill at Rome, near the Tiber and the Janiculum, which
produced wine of no great esteem. It was disregarded by the Romans on
account of the unwholesomeness of the air, and the continual stench
of the filth that was there, and of stagnated waters. Heliogabalus
was the first who cleared it of all disagreeable nuisances. It is now
admired for ancient monuments and pillars, for a celebrated public
library, and for the palace of the pope. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 20.

=Vătiēnus=, now _Saterno_, a river rising in the Alps and falling into
the Po. _Martial_, bk. 3, ltr. 67.――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 16.

=Vātinia lex=, _de provinciis_, by the tribune Publius Vatinius, A.U.C.
694. It appointed Cæsar governor of Gallia Cisalpina and Illyricum,
for five years, without a decree of the senate, or the usual custom
of casting lots. Some persons were also appointed to attend him as
lieutenants without the interference of the senate. His army was to
be paid out of the public treasury, and he was empowered to plant a
Roman colony in the town of Novocomum in Gaul.――――Another by Publius
Vatinius the tribune, A.U.C. 694, _de repetundis_, for the better
management of the trial of those who were accused of extortion.

=Vatinius=, an intimate friend of Cicero, once distinguished for his
enmity to the orator. He hated the people of Rome for their great
vices and corruption, whence excessive hatred became proverbial
in the words _Vatinianum odium_. _Catullus_, bk. 14, li. 3.――――A
shoemaker, ridiculed for his deformities, and the oddity of his
character. He was one of Nero’s favourites, and he surpassed the
rest of the courtiers in flattery, and in the commission of every
impious deed. Large cups, of no value, are called _Vatiniana_ from
him, because he used one which was both ill-shaped and uncouth.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 13, ch. 34.――_Juvenal._――_Martial_, bk. 14,
ltr. 96.

=Ubii=, a people of Germany near the Rhine, transported across the
river by Agrippa, who gave them the name of Agrippinenses, from
his daughter Agrippina, who had been born in the country. Their
chief town, Ubiorum oppidum, is now _Cologne_. _Tacitus_, _Germania_,
ch. 28; _Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 27.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 17.――_Cæsar_,
bk. 4, ch. 30.

=Ucălĕgon=, a Trojan chief, remarkable for his great age, and praised
for the soundness of his counsels and his good intentions, though
accused by some of betraying his country to the enemy. His house was
first set on fire by the Greeks. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 312.
――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 3, li. 148.

=Ucetia=, a town of Gaul.

=Ucubis=, now _Lucubi_, a town of Spain. _Hirtius._

=Udina=, or =Vedĭnum=, now _Udino_, a town of Italy.

=Vectis=, the isle of _Wight_, south of Britain. _Suetonius_, _Claudius_,
ch. 5.

=Vectius=, a rhetorician, &c. _Juvenal_, satire 7, li. 150.

=Vectones.= _See:_ Vettones.

=Vedius Pollio=, a friend of Augustus, very cruel to his servants, &c.
_See:_ Pollio.――――Aquila, an officer at the battle of Bebriacum, &c.
_Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 2, ch. 44.

=Vegetius=, a Latin writer, who flourished B.C. 386. The best edition
of his treatise _de Re Militari_, together with Modestus, is that of
Paris, 4to, 1607.

=Vegia=, an island on the coast of Dalmatia.

=Veia=, a sorceress, in the age of Horace, epode 5, li. 29.

=Veianus=, a gladiator, in the age of Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 1, li. 4.

=Veientes=, the inhabitants of Veii. They were carried to Rome, where
the tribe they composed was called _Veientina_. _See:_ Veii.

=Veiento Fabricius=, a Roman, as arrogant as he was satirical. Nero
banished him for his libellous writings. _Juvenal_, satire 3, li. 185.

=Veii=, a powerful city of Etruria, at the distance of about 12 miles
from Rome. It sustained many long wars against the Romans, and was at
last taken and destroyed by Camillus, after a siege of 10 years. At
the time of its destruction, Veii was larger and far more magnificent
than the city of Rome. Its situation was so eligible, that the Romans,
after the burning of the city by the Gauls, were long inclined to
migrate there, and totally abandon their native home; and this would
have been carried into execution, if not opposed by the authority and
eloquence of Camillus. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2, li. 195.――_Cicero_,
_De Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 44.――_Horace_, bk. 2, satire 3, li. 143.
――_Livy_, bk. 5, ch. 21, &c.

=Vejŏvis=, or =Vejupĭter=, a deity of ill omen at Rome. He had a temple
on the Capitoline hill built by Romulus. Some suppose that he was
the same as Jupiter _the infant_, or _in the cradle_, because he
was represented without thunder, or a sceptre, and had only by his
side the goat Amalthæa, and the Cretan nymph who fed him when young.
_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 430.

=Velabrum=, a marshy piece of ground on the side of the Tiber, between
the Aventine, Palatine, and Capitoline hills, which Augustus drained,
and where he built houses. The place was frequented as a market,
where oil, cheese, and other commodities were exposed to sale.
_Horace_, bk. 2, satire 3, li. 229.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 6, li. 401.
――_Tibullus_, bk. 2, poem 5, li. 33.――_Plautus_, bk. 3, _Captivi_,
ch. 1, li. 29.

=Velanius=, one of Cæsar’s officers in Gaul, &c.

=Velauni=, a people of Gaul.

=Velia=, a maritime town of Lucania, founded by a colony of Phoceans,
about 600 years after the coming of Æneas into Italy. The port in its
neighbourhood was called _Velinus portus_. _Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Mela_,
bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Cicero_, _Philippics_, bk. 10, ch. 4.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 366.――――An eminence near the Roman forum, where
Poplicola built himself a house. _Livy_, bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Cicero_,
bk. 7, _Letters to Atticus_, ltr. 15.

=Velica=, or =Vellica=, a town of the Cantabri.

=Velīna=, a part of the city of Rome, adjoining mount Palatine. It
was also one of the Roman tribes. _Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 6, li. 52.
――_Cicero_, bk. 4, _Letters to Atticus_, ltr. 15.

=Velīnus=, a lake in the country of the Sabines, formed by the stagnant
waters of the Velinus, between some hills near Reate. The river
Velinus rises in the Apennines, and after it has formed the lake, it
falls into the Nar, near Spoletium. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 517.
――_Cicero_, _De Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 36.

=Veliocassi=, a people of Gaul.

=Veliterna=, or =Velitræ=, an ancient town of Latium on the Appian road,
20 miles at the east of Rome. The inhabitants were called _Veliterni_.
It became a Roman colony. _Livy_, bk. 8, ch. 12, &c.――_Suetonius_
_Augustus_.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 378, &c.

=Vellari=, a people of Gaul.

=Vellaunodūnum=, a town of the Senones, now _Beaune_. _Cæsar_, ♦_Gallic
War_, bk. 7, ch. 11.

♦ Book name omitted from text.

=Velleda=, a woman famous among the Germans, in the age of Vespasian,
and worshipped as a deity. _Tacitus_, _Germania_, ch. 8.