Chapter M (35)

=Tarentum=, =Tarentus=, or =Taras=, a town of Calabria, situate on
a bay of the same name, near the mouth of the river Galesus. It
was founded, or rather repaired, by a Lacedæmonian colony, about
707 years before Christ, under the conduct of Phalanthus. Long
independent, it maintained its superiority over 13 tributary cities;
and could once arm 100,000 foot and 3000 horse. The people of
Tarentum were very indolent, and as they were easily supplied with
all necessaries as well as luxuries from Greece, they gave themselves
up to voluptuousness, so that _the delights of Tarentum_ became
proverbial. The war which they supported against the Romans, with the
assistance of Pyrrhus king of Epirus, and which has been called the
_Tarentine war_, is greatly celebrated in history. This war, which
had been undertaken B.C. 281, by the Romans, to avenge the insults
the Tarentines had offered to their ships when near their harbour,
was terminated after 10 years; 300,000 prisoners were taken, and
Tarentum became subject to Rome. The government was democratical;
there were, however, some monarchs who reigned there. It was for some
time the residence of Pythagoras, who inspired the citizens with the
love of virtue, and rendered them superior to their neighbours in
the cabinet as well as in the field of battle. The large, beautiful,
and capacious harbour of Tarentum is greatly commended by ancient
historians. Tarentum, now called _Tarento_, is inhabited by about
18,000 souls, who still maintain the character of their forefathers
in idleness and effeminacy, and live chiefly by fishing. _Florus_,
bk. 1, ch. 18.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――_Plutarch_,
_Pyrrhus_.――_Pliny_, bk. 8, ch. 6; bk. 15, ch. 10; bk. 34, ch. 7.
――_Livy_, bk. 12, ch. 13, &c.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Strabo_, bk. 6.
――_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 7, li. 45.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 5,
ch. 20.

=Tarichæum=, a fortified town of Judæa. _Cicero_, _Letters to his
Friends_, bk. 12, ch. 11.――――Several towns on the coast of Egypt bore
this name from their _pickling_ fish. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 15, &c.

=Tarnæ=, a town mentioned by Homer, _Iliad_, bk. 5.――――A fountain of
Lydia, near Tmolus. _Strabo._――――A river of Aquitania.

=Tarpa Spurius Mætius=, a critic at Rome in the age of Augustus. He
was appointed with four others in the temple of Apollo, to examine
the merit of every poetical composition, which was to be deposited
in the temple of the Muses. In this office he acted with great
impartiality, though many taxed him with want of candour. All the
pieces that were represented on the Roman stage had previously
received his approbation. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 10, li. 38.

=Tarpeia=, the daughter of Tarpeius the governor of the citadel of Rome,
promised to open the gates of the city to the Sabines, provided they
gave her their gold bracelets, or, as she expressed it, what they
carried on their left hands. Tatius the king of the Sabines consented,
and as he entered the gates, to punish her perfidy, he threw not only
his bracelet but his shield upon Tarpeia. His followers imitated his
example, and Tarpeia was crushed under the weight of the bracelets
and shields of the Sabine army. She was buried in the capitol, which
from her has been called the Tarpeian rock, and there afterwards
many of the Roman malefactors were thrown down a deep precipice.
_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 1, li. 261.――_Amores_,
bk. 1, poem 10, li. 50.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 11.――_Propertius_, bk. 4,
poem 4.――――A vestal virgin in the reign of Numa.――――One of the
warlike female attendants of Camilla in the Rutulian war. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 665.

=Tarpeia lex=, was enacted A.U.C. 269, by Spurius Tarpeius, to empower
all the magistrates of the republic to lay fines on offenders. This
power belonged before only to the consuls. This fine was not to
exceed two sheep and 30 oxen.

=Spurius Tarpeius=, the governor of the citadel of Rome, under Romulus.
His descendants were called _Montani_ and _Capitolini_.

=Tarpeius mons=, a hill at Rome about 80 feet in perpendicular height,
from whence the Romans threw down their condemned criminals. It
received its name from _Tarpeia_, who was buried there, and is the
same as the _Capitoline_ hill. _Livy_, bk. 6, ch. 20.――_Lucan_, bk. 7,
li. 758.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, lis. 347 & 652.

=Tarquinii=, now _Turchina_, a town of Etruria, built by Tarchon,
who assisted Æneas against Turnus. Tarquinius Priscus was born or
educated there, and he made it a Roman colony when he ascended the
throne. _Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 95.――_Livy_, bk. 2,
ch. 34; bk. 27, ch. 4.

=Tarquinia=, a daughter of Tarquinius Priscus, who married Servius
Tullius. When her husband was murdered by Tarquinius Superbus, she
privately conveyed away his body by night, and buried it. This preyed
upon her mind, and the night following she died. Some have attributed
her death to excess of grief, or to suicide, while others, perhaps
more justly, have suspected Tullia the wife of young Tarquin of the
murder.――――A vestal virgin, who, as some suppose, gave the Roman
people a large piece of land, which was afterwards called the Campus
Martius.

=Tarquinius Priscus=, the fifth king of Rome, was son of Demaratus,
a native of Greece. His first name was Lucumon, but this he changed
when, by the advice of his wife Tanaquil, he had come to Rome. He
called himself Lucius, and assumed the surname of Tarquinius, because
born in the town of Tarquinii, in Etruria. At Rome he distinguished
himself so much by his liberality and engaging manners, that Ancus
Martius, the reigning monarch, nominated him, at his death, the
guardian of his children. This was insufficient to gratify the
ambition of Tarquin; the princes were young, and an artful oration
delivered to the people immediately transferred the crown of the
deceased monarch on the head of Lucumon. The people had every reason
to be satisfied with their choice. Tarquin reigned with moderation
and popularity. He increased the number of the senate, and made
himself friends by electing 100 new senators from the plebeians,
whom he distinguished by the appellation of _Patres minorum gentium_,
from those of the patrician body, who were called _Patres majorum
gentium_. The glory of the Roman arms, which was supported with so
much dignity by the former monarch, was not neglected in this reign,
and Tarquin showed that he possessed vigour and military prudence in
the victories which he obtained over the united forces of the Latins
and Sabines, and in the conquest of the 12 nations of Etruria. He
repaired, in the time of peace, the walls of the capital; the public
places were adorned with elegant buildings and useful ornaments, and
many centuries after, such as were spectators of the stately mansions
and golden palaces of Nero, viewed with more admiration and greater
pleasure the more simple, though not less magnificent, edifices of
Tarquin. He laid the foundations of the capitol, and to the industry
and the public spirit of this monarch, the Romans were indebted for
their aqueducts and subterraneous sewers, which supplied the city
with fresh and wholesome water, and removed all the filth and ordure,
which in a great capital too often breed pestilence and diseases.
Tarquin was the first who introduced among the Romans the custom to
canvass for offices of trust and honour; he distinguished the monarch,
the senators, and other inferior magistrates with particular robes
and ornaments, with ivory chairs at spectacles, and the hatchets
carried before the public magistrates were by his order surrounded
with bundles of sticks, to strike more terror, and to be viewed with
greater reverence. Tarquin was assassinated by the two sons of his
predecessor, in the 80th year of his age, 38 of which he had sat on
the throne, 578 years before Christ. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_,
bk. 3, ch. 59.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 1, ch. 4; bk. 3, ch. 2.
――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 5, &c.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 31.――_Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 817.――――The second Tarquin, surnamed _Superbus_,
from his pride and insolence, was grandson of Tarquinius Priscus. He
ascended the throne of Rome after his father-in-law Servius Tullius,
and was the seventh and last king of Rome. He married Tullia the
daughter of Tullius, and it was at her instigation that he murdered
his father-in-law, and seized the kingdom. The crown which he had
obtained with violence, he endeavoured to keep by a continuation
of tyranny. Unlike his royal predecessors, he paid no regard to the
decisions of the senate, or the approbation of the public assemblies,
and by wishing to disregard both, he incurred the jealousy of the one
and the odium of the other. The public treasury was soon exhausted
by the continual extravagance of Tarquin, and to silence the murmurs
of his subjects, he resolved to call their attention to war. He was
successful in his military operations, and the neighbouring cities
submitted; but while the siege of Ardea was continued, the wantonness
of the son of Tarquin at Rome for ever stopped the progress of his
arms; and the Romans, whom a series of barbarity and oppression had
hitherto provoked, no sooner saw the virtuous Lucretia stab herself,
not to survive the loss of her honour [_See:_ Lucretia], than the
whole city and camp arose with indignation against the monarch.
The gates of Rome were shut against him, and Tarquin was for ever
banished from his throne, in the year of Rome 244. Unable to find
support from even one of his subjects, Tarquin retired among the
Etrurians, who attempted in vain to replace him on his throne. The
republican government was established at Rome, and all Italy refused
any longer to support the cause of an exiled monarch against a nation,
who heard the name of Tarquin, of king, and tyrant, mentioned with
equal horror and indignation. Tarquin died in the 90th year of his
age, about 14 years after his expulsion from Rome. He had reigned
about 25 years. Though Tarquin appeared so odious among the Romans,
his reign was not without its share of glory. His conquests were
numerous; to beautify the buildings and porticoes at Rome was his
wish, and with great magnificence and care he finished the capitol,
which his predecessor of the same name had begun. He also bought
the Sibylline books which the Romans consulted with such religious
solemnity. _See:_ Sibyllæ. _Cicero_, _For Rabirius on a Charge
of Treason_ & _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 3, ch. 27.――_Livy_,
bk. 1, ch. 46, &c.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 3, ch. 48, &c.
――_Florus_, bk. 1, chs. 7 & 8.――_Pliny_, bk. 8, ch. 41.――_Plutarch._
――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 9, ch. 11.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2, li.
687.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 817.――_Eutropius._――――Collatinus,
one of the relations of Tarquin the Proud, who married Lucretia.
_See:_ Collatinus.――――Sextius, the eldest of the sons of Tarquin the
Proud, rendered himself known by a variety of adventures. When his
father besieged Gabii, young Tarquin publicly declared that he was
at variance with the monarch, and the report was the more easily
believed when he came before Gabii with his body all mangled and
bloody with stripes. This was an agreement between the father and
the son, and Tarquin had no sooner declared that this proceeded
from the tyranny and oppression of his father, than the people of
Gabii entrusted him with the command of their armies, fully convinced
that Rome could never have a more inveterate enemy. When he had thus
succeeded, he despatched a private messenger to his father, but the
monarch gave no answer to be returned to his son. Sextius inquired
more particularly about his father, and when he heard from the
messenger that when the message was delivered, Tarquin cut off with a
stick the tallest poppies in his garden, the son followed the example
by putting to death the most noble and powerful citizens of Gabii.
The two soon fell into the hands of the Romans. The violence which
some time after Tarquinius offered to Lucretia, was the cause of
his father’s exile, and the total expulsion of his family from Rome.
_See:_ Lucretia. Sextius was at last killed, bravely fighting in a
battle during the war which the Latins sustained against Rome in the
attempt of re-establishing the Tarquins on their throne. _Ovid_,
_Fasti_.――_Livy._――――A Roman senator who was accessary to Catiline’s
conspiracy.

=Tarquitius Crescens=, a centurion under Cæsennius Pætus. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 15, ch. 11.――――Priscus, an officer in Africa, who
accused the proconsul, &c. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 59;
bk. 14, ch. 46.

=Tarquĭtus=, a son of Faunus and Dryope, who assisted Turnus against
Æneas. He was killed by Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 550.

=Tarracīna=, a town of the Volsci in Latium, between Rome and Neapolis.
It was also called Anxur, because the infant Jupiter was worshipped
there under that name, which signifies beardless. _Livy_, bk. 4,
ch. 29.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Festus_, _Lexicon
of Festus_.

=Tarrăco=, now _Tarragona_, a city of Spain, situate on the shores
of the Mediterranean, founded by the two Scipios, who planted a
Roman colony there. The province of which it was the capital was
called _Tarraconensis_, and was famous for its wines. Hispania
_Tarraconensis_, which was also called by the Romans Hispania
_Citerior_, was bounded on the east by the Mediterranean, the ocean
on the west, the Pyrenean mountains and the sea of the Cantabri on
the north, and Lusitania and Bætica on the south. _Martial_, bk. 10,
ltr. 104; bk. 13, ltr. 118.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Silius Italicus_,
bk. 3, li. 369; bk. 15, li. 177.

=Tarrutius.= _See:_ Acca Laurentia.

=Tarsa=, a Thracian, who rebelled under Tiberius, &c. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 4, ch. 50.

=Tarsius=, a river of Troas. _Strabo._

=Tarsus=, now _Tarasso_, a town of Cilicia, on the Cydnus, founded
by Triptolemus and a colony of Argives, or, as others say, by
Sardanapalus, or by Perseus. Tarsus was celebrated for the great
men it produced. It was once the rival of Alexandria and Athens in
literature and the study of the polite arts. The people of Tarsus
wished to ingratiate themselves into the favour of Julius Cæsar by
giving the name of _Juliopolis_ to their city, but it was soon lost.
_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 225.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 13.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.

=Tartărus=, (plural, a, orum), one of the regions of hell, where,
according to the ancients, the most impious and guilty among mankind
were punished. It was surrounded by a brazen wall, and its entrance
was continually hidden from the sight by a cloud of darkness, which
is represented three times more gloomy than the obscurest night.
According to Hesiod it was a separate prison, at a greater distance
from the earth than the earth is from the heavens. Virgil says that
it was surrounded by three impenetrable walls, and by the impetuous
and burning streams of the river Phlegethon. The entrance was by
a large and lofty tower, whose gates were supported by columns
of adamant, which neither gods nor men could open. In Tartarus,
according to Virgil, were punished such as had been disobedient to
their parents, traitors, adulterers, faithless ministers, and such as
had undertaken unjust and cruel wars, or had betrayed their friends
for the sake of money. It was also the place where Ixion, Tityus, the
Danaides, Tantalus, Sisyphus, &c., were punished, according to Ovid.
_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 720.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 13, li. 591.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 11.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, fable 13.――――A small river of Italy, near
Verona. _Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 3, ch. 9.

=Tartessus=, a town in Spain near the columns of Hercules, on the
Mediterranean. Some suppose that it was afterwards called _Carteia_,
and it was better known by the name of _Gades_, when Hercules had set
up his columns on the extremity of Spain and Africa. There is also a
town called Tartessus, in a small island formed by the river of the
same name, near Gades in Iberia. Tartessus has been called the most
distant town in the extremities of Spain, by the Romans, as also the
place where the poets imagined the sun unharnessed his tired horses.
_Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, lis. 399 & 411; bk. 10, li. 538.――_Mela_,
bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 19.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 14, li. 416.――_Strabo_, bk. 3.

=Taruana=, a town of Gaul, now _Terrouen_ in Artois.

=Lucius Taruntius Spurina=, a mathematician who flourished 61 years B.C.
_Cicero_, _de Divinatione_, bk. 2, ch. 47.

=Tarus=, a river of Gaul, falling into the Po.

=Tarusates=, a people of Gaul, now _Turcan_. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_,
bk. 3, chs. 23 & 27.

=Taruscum=, a town of Gaul.

=Tarvisium=, a town of Italy, now _Treviso_, in the Venetian states.

=Tasgretius Cornūtus=, a prince of Gaul, assassinated in the age of
Cæsar. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 5, ch. 25.

=Tatian=, one of the Greek fathers, A.D. 172. The best edition of his
works is that of Worth, 8vo, Oxford, 1700.

=Tatienses=, a name given to one of the tribes of the Roman people by
Romulus, in honour of Tatius king of the Sabines. The Tatienses, who
were partly the ancient subjects of the king of the Sabines, lived on
mounts Capitolinus and Quirinalis.

=Tātius Titus=, king of Cures among the Sabines, made war against
the Romans after the rape of the Sabines. The gates of the city
were betrayed into his hands by Tarpeia, and the army of the Sabines
advanced as far as the Roman forum, where a bloody battle was fought.
The cries of the Sabine virgins at last stopped the fury of the
combatants, and an agreement was made between the two nations. Tatius
consented to leave his ancient possessions, and with his subjects of
Cures, to come and live in Rome, which, as stipulated, was permitted
still to bear the name of its founder, whilst the inhabitants adopted
the name of Quirites in compliment to the new citizens. After he
had for six years shared the royal authority with Romulus, in the
greatest union, he was murdered at Lanuvium, B.C. 742, for an act of
cruelty to the ambassadors of the Laurentes. This was done by order
of his royal colleague, according to some authors. _Livy_, bk. 1,
ch. 10, &c.――_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――_Cicero_, _For Cornelius Balbus_.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 804.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.

=Tatta=, a large lake of Phrygia, on the confines of Pisidia.

=Tavola=, a river of Corsica.

=Taua=, a town of the Delta in Egypt.

=Taulantii=, a people of Illyricum on the Adriatic. _Livy_, bk. 45,
ch. 26.――_Lucan_, bk. 6, li. 16.

=Taunus=, a mountain in Germany, now _Heyrich_ or _Hoche_, opposite
Mentz. _Tacitus_, bk. 1, _Annals_, ch. 56.

=Taurania=, a town of Italy in the country of the Brutii.

=Taurantes=, a people of Armenia, between Artaxata and Tigranocerta.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 14, ch. 24.

=Tauri=, a people of European Sarmatia, who inhabited Taurica
Chersonesus, and sacrificed all strangers to Diana. The statue of
this goddess, which they believed to have fallen down from heaven,
was carried away to Sparta by Iphigenia and Orestes. _Strabo_, bk. 12.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 99, &c.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 3, ch. 16.――_Euripides_, _Iphigeneia_.――_Ovid_, _ex Ponto_, bk. 1,
poem 2, li. 80.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14, li. 260.――_Juvenal_,
satire 15, li. 116.

=Taurĭca Chersonēsus=, a large peninsula of Europe at the south-west of
the Palus Mæotis, now called the _Crimea_. It is joined by an isthmus
to Scythia, and is bounded by the Cimmerian Bosphorus, the Euxine sea,
and the Palus Mœotis. The inhabitants, called _Tauri_, were a savage
and uncivilized nation. _Strabo_, bk. 4.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.
_See:_ Tauri.

=Taurĭca=, a surname of Diana, because she was worshipped by the
inhabitants of Taurica Chersonesus.

=Taurīni=, the inhabitants of Taurinum, a town of Cisalpine Gaul,
now called _Turin_, in Piedmont. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 646.
――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 17.

=Taurisci=, a people of Mysia. _Strabo_, bk. 7.――――Of Noricum, among
the Alps. _Strabo_, bk. 4.

=Tauriscus=, a sculptor. _See:_ Apollonius.

=Taurium=, a town of the Peloponnesus. _Polybius._

=Taurominium=, a town of Sicily, between Messana and Catana, built by
the Zancleans, Sicilians, and Hybleans, in the age of Dionysius the
tyrant of Syracuse. The hills in the neighbourhood were famous for
the fine grapes which they produced, and they surpassed almost the
whole world for the extent and beauty of their prospects. There is
a small river near it called _Taurominius_. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.

=Taurus=, the largest mountain of Asia, as to extent. One of its
extremities is in Caria, and it extends not only as far as the most
eastern extremities of Asia, but it also branches in several parts,
and runs far into the north. Mount Taurus was known by several names,
particularly in different countries. In Cilicia, where it reaches
as far as the Euphrates, it was called Taurus. It was known by the
names of _Amanus_, from the bay of Issus as far as the Euphrates; of
_Antitaurus_ from the western boundaries of Cilicia up to Armenia;
of _Montes Matieni_ in the country of the Leucosyrians; of _Mons
Moschicus_ at the south of the river Phasis; of _Amaranta_ at the
north of the Phasis; of _Caucasus_ between the Hyrcanian and Euxine
seas; of _Hyrcanii Montes_, near Hyrcania; of _Imaus_ in the more
eastern parts of Asia. The word Taurus was more properly confined to
the mountains which separate Phrygia and Pamphylia from Cilicia. The
several passes which were opened in the mountains were called _Pylæ_,
and hence frequent mention is made in ancient authors of the Armenian
Pylæ, Cilician Pylæ, &c. _Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 15; bk. 3, chs. 7
& 8.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 27.――――A mountain in Germany. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 6, ch. 41.――――Of Sicily.――――Titus Statilius, a consul
distinguished by his intimacy with Augustus, as well as by a theatre
which he built, and the triumph which he obtained after a prosperous
campaign in Africa. He was made prefect of Italy by his imperial
friend.――――A proconsul of Africa, accused by Agripina, who wished
him to be condemned, that she might become mistress of his gardens.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 12, ch. 59.――――An officer of Minos king
of Crete. He had an amour with Pasiphae, whence arose the fable of
the Minotaur, from the son, who was born some time after. _See:_
Minotaurus. Taurus was vanquished by Theseus, in the games which
Minos exhibited in Crete. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.

=Taxĭla= (plural), a large country in India, between the Indus and the
Hydaspes. _Strabo_, bk. 15.

=Taxĭlus=, or =Taxiles=, a king of Taxila in the age of Alexander,
called also _Omphis_. He submitted to the conqueror, who rewarded him
with great liberality. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.――_Plutarch_, _Alexander_.
――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 5, ch. 6.――_Curtius_, bk. 8,
ch. 14.――――A general of Mithridates, who assisted Archelaus against
the Romans in Greece. He was afterwards conquered by Muræna the
lieutenant of Sylla.

=Taximaquilus=, a king in the southern parts of Britain when Cæsar
invaded it. _Cæsar_, bk. 5, _Gallic War_, ch. 22.

=Taygēte=, or =Taygēta=, a daughter of Atlas and Pleione, mother of
Lacedæmon by Jupiter. She became one of the Pleiades after death.
_Hyginus_, fables 155 & 192.――_Pausanias_, in _Laconia_, chs. 1 & 18.

=Taygētus=, or =Taygēta= (orum), a mountain of Laconia, in Peloponnesus,
at the west of the river Eurotas. It hung over the city of Lacedæmon,
and it is said that once a part of it fell down by an earthquake, and
destroyed the suburbs. It was on this mountain that the Lacedæmonian
women celebrated the orgies of Bacchus. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 5.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Lucan_, bk. 5,
li. 52.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 488.

=Teānum=, a town of Campania, on the Appian road, at the east of the
Liris, called _Sidicinum_, to be distinguished from another town of
the same name at the west of Apulia, at a small distance from the
coast of the Adriatic. The rights of citizenship were extended to
it under Augustus. _Cicero_, _For Aulus Cluentius_, chs. 9 & 69.
_Philostratus_, bk. 12, ch. 11.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 1.――_Pliny_,
bk. 31, ch. 2.――_Livy_, bk. 22, ch. 27.

=Tearus=, a river of Thrace, rising in the same rock from 38 different
sources, some of which are hot, and others cold. Darius raised a
column there when he marched against the Scythians, as if to denote
the sweetness and salubrity of the waters of that river. _Herodotus_,
bks. 4, 5, 90, &c.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.

=Teātea=, =Teate=, or =Tegeate=, a town of Latium. _Silius Italicus_,
bk. 8, li. 522; bk. 17, li. 457.

=Teches=, a mountain of Pontus, from which the 10,000 Greeks had first
a view of the sea. _Xenophon_, _Anabasis_, bk. 4.

=Techmessa=, the daughter of a Phrygian prince, called by some Teuthras,
and by others Teleutas. When her father was killed in war by Ajax son
of Telamon, the young princess became the property of the conqueror,
and by him she had a son called Eurysaces. Sophocles, in one of his
tragedies, represents Techmessa as moving her husband to pity by her
tears and entreaties, when he wished to stab himself. _Horace_, bk. 2,
ode 1, li. 6.――_Dictys Cretensis._――_Sophocles_, _Ajax_.

=Tecmon=, a town of Epirus. _Livy_, bk. 45, ch. 26.

=Tecnatis=, a king of Egypt.

=Tectămus=, a son of Dorus, grandson of Hellen the son of Deucalion,
went to Crete with the Ætolians and Pelasgians, and reigned there. He
had a son called Asterius by the daughter of Cretheus.

=Tectosăges=, or =Tectosăgæ=, a people of Gallia Narbonensis, whose
capital was the modern Toulouse. They received the name of Tectosagæ
_quod sagis tegerentur_. Some of them passed into Germany, where they
settled near the Hercynian forest, and another colony passed into
Asia, where they conquered Phrygia, Paphlagonia, and Cappadocia. The
Tectosagæ were among those Gauls who pillaged Rome under Brennus,
and who attempted some time after to plunder the temple of Apollo
at Delphi. At their return home from Greece they were visited by
a pestilence, and ordered, to stop it, to throw into the river all
the riches and plunder which they had obtained in their distant
excursions. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 6, ch. 23.――_Strabo_, bk. 4.
――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3.――_Livy_, bk. 38, ch. 16.
――_Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 11.――_Justin_, bk. 32.

=Tecum=, a river of Gaul falling from the Pyrenees into the
Mediterranean.

=Tedanius=, a river of Liburnia. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 21.

=Tĕgēa=, or =Tegæa=, now _Moklai_, a town of Arcadia in the
Peloponnesus, founded by Tegeates, a son of Lycaon, or, according
to others, by Aleus. The gigantic bones of Orestes were found buried
there and removed to Sparta. Apollo and Pan were worshipped there,
and there also Ceres, Proserpine, and Venus had each a temple. The
inhabitants were called _Tegeates_; and the epithet _Tegæa_ is given
to Atalanta, as a native of the place. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8,
fable 7; _Fasti_, bk. 6, li. 531.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 293.
――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 45, &c.

=Tegula Publius Licinius=, a comic poet who flourished B.C. 198.

=Tegyra=, a town of Bœotia where Apollo _Tegyrœus_ was worshipped.
There was a battle fought there between the Thebans and the
Peloponnesians.

=Teios.= _See:_ Teos.

=Teium=, a town of Paphlagonia on the Euxine sea.

=Tela=, a town of Spain.

=Tĕlămon=, a king of the island of Salamis, son of Æacus and Endeis. He
was brother to Peleus, and father to Teucer and to Ajax, who on that
account is often called _Telamonius heros_. He fled from Megara, his
native country, after he had accidentally murdered his brother Phocus
in playing with the quoit, and he sailed to the island of Salamis,
where he soon after married Glauce, the daughter of Cychreus the
king of the place. At the death of his father-in-law, who had no
male issue, Telamon became king of Salamis. He accompanied Jason
in his expedition to Colchis, and was arm-bearer to Hercules, when
that hero took Laomedon prisoner, and destroyed Troy. Telamon was
rewarded by Hercules for his services with the hand of Hesione, whom
the conqueror had obtained among the spoils of Troy, and with her he
returned to Greece. He also married Peribœa, whom some call Eribœa.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 151.――_Sophocles_, _Ajax_.
――_Pindar_, _Isthmean_, ch. 6.――_Statius_, _Thebaid_, bk. 6.
――_Apollodorus_, bks. 1, 2, &c.――_Pausanias_, _Corinthia_.――_Hyginus_,
fable 97, &c.――――A seaport town of Etruria. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.

=Telamoniădes=, a patronymic given to the descendants of Telamon.

=Telchīnes=, a people of Rhodes, said to have been originally from
Crete. They were the inventors of many useful arts, and, according
to Diodorus, passed for the sons of the sea. They were the first who
raised statues to the gods. They had the power of changing themselves
into whatever shape they pleased, and, according to Ovid, they could
poison and fascinate all objects with their eyes, and cause rain
and hail to fall at pleasure. The Telchinians insulted Venus, for
which the goddess inspired them with a sudden fury, so that they
committed the grossest crimes, and offered violence even to their own
mothers. Jupiter destroyed them all by a deluge. _Diodorus._――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 365, &c.

=Telchīnia=, a surname of Minerva at Teumessa in Bœotia, where she
had a temple. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 19.――――Also a surname of
Juno in Rhodes, where she had a statue at Ialysus raised by the
Telchinians, who settled there.――――Also an ancient name of Crete,
as the place from whence the Telchines of Rhodes were descended.
_Statius_, bk. 6, _Sylvæ_, poem 6, li. 47.

=Telchīnius=, a surname of Apollo among the Rhodians. _Diodorus_, bk. 5.

=Telchis=, a son of Europs the son of Ægialeus. He was one of the first
kings of the Peloponnesus.

=Telea=, a surname of Juno in Bœotia.

=Teleboæ=, or =Teleboes=, a people of Ætolia, called also _Taphians_;
some of whom left their native country, and settled in the island of
Capreæ. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 715. _See:_ Taphiæ.

=Teleboas=, a son of Ixion and the cloud. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 11.――――A son of Lycaon. _Apollodorus._

=Teleboides=, islands opposite Leucadia. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.

=Telĕcles=, or =Telĕclus=, a Lacedæmonian king of the family of the
Agidæ, who reigned 40 years, B.C. 813. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 205.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 2.――――A philosopher, disciple of Lacidas,
B.C. 214.――――A Milesian.

=Teleclīdes=, an Athenian comic poet in the age of Pericles, one of
whose plays, called the Amphictyon, is mentioned by ancient authors.
_Plutarch_, _Nicias_.――_Athenæus._

=Tēlĕgŏnus=, a son of Ulysses and Circe, born in the island of Ææa,
where he was educated. When arrived to the years of manhood, he went
to Ithaca to make himself known to his father, but he was shipwrecked
on the coast, and, being destitute of provisions, he plundered some
of the inhabitants of the island. Ulysses and Telemachus came to
defend the property of their subjects against this unknown invader; a
quarrel arose, and Telegonus killed his father without knowing who he
was. He afterwards returned to his native country, and, according to
Hyginus, he carried thither his father’s body, where it was buried.
Telemachus and Penelope also accompanied him in his return, and soon
after the nuptials of Telegonus and Penelope were celebrated by order
of Minerva. Penelope had by Telegonus a son called Italus, who gave
his name to Italy. Telegonus founded Tusculum and Tibur or Præneste,
in Italy, and, according to some, he left one daughter called Mamilia,
from whom the patrician family of the Mamilii at Rome were descended.
_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 29, li. 8.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bks. 3 & 4.
_Tristia_, bk. 1, poem 1.――_Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.――_Hyginus_,
fable 12.――_Diodorus_, bk. 7.――――A son of Proteus, killed by Hercules.
_Apollodorus._――――A king of Egypt, who married Io after she had been
restored to her original form by Jupiter. _Apollodorus._

=Tēlĕmăchus=, a son of Ulysses and Penelope. He was still in the cradle
when his father went with the rest of the Greeks to the Trojan war.
At the end of this celebrated war, Telemachus, anxious to see his
father, went to seek him, and as the place of his residence, and the
cause of his long absence, were then unknown, he visited the court
of Menelaus and Nestor to obtain information. He afterwards returned
to Ithaca, where the suitors of his mother Penelope had conspired to
murder him; but he avoided their snares, and by means of Minerva, he
discovered his father, who had arrived in the island two days before
him, and was then in the house of Eumæus. With this faithful servant
and Ulysses, Telemachus concerted how to deliver his mother from the
importunities of her suitors, and it was effected with success. After
the death of his father, Telemachus went to the island of Ææa, where
he married Circe, or, according to others, Cassiphone the daughter
of Circe, by whom he had a son called Latinus. He some time after had
the misfortune to kill his mother-in-law Circe, and fled to Italy,
where he founded Clusium. Telemachus was accompanied in his visit
to Nestor and Menelaus by the goddess of wisdom, under the form of
Mentor. It is said that, when a child, Telemachus fell into the sea,
and that a dolphin brought him safe to shore, after he had remained
some time under water. From this circumstance Ulysses had the
figure of a dolphin engraved on the seal which he wore on his ring.
_Hyginus_, fables 95 & 125.――_Ovid_, _Heroides_, poem 1, li. 98.
――_Horace_, bk. 1, ltr. 7, li. 41.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 2, &c.
――_Lycophron_, _Alexandra_.

=Telĕmus=, a Cyclops who was acquainted with futurity. He foretold
to Polyphemus all the evils which he some time after suffered from
Ulysses. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 771.

=Telephassa=, the mother of Cadmus, Phœnix, and Cilix by Agenor. She
died in Thrace, as she was seeking her daughter Europa, whom Jupiter
had carried away. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, chs. 1 & 4.

=Tĕlĕphus=, a king of Mysia, son of Hercules and Auge the daughter of
Aleus. He was exposed as soon as born on mount Parthenius, but his
life was preserved by a goat, and by some shepherds. According to
Apollodorus, he was exposed, not on a mountain, but in the temple
of Minerva, at Tegea, or, according to a tradition mentioned by
Pausanias, he was left to the mercy of the waves with his mother,
by the cruelty of Aleus, and carried by the winds to the mouth of
the Caycus, where he was found by Teuthras the king of the country,
who married, or rather adopted as his daughter, Auge, and educated
her son. Some, however, suppose that Auge fled to Teuthras to avoid
the anger of her father, on account of her amour with Hercules.
Yet others declare that Aleus gave her to Nauplius to be ♦severely
punished for her incontinence, and that Nauplius, unwilling to injure
her, sent her to Teuthras king of Bithynia, by whom she was adopted.
Telephus, according to the more received opinions, was ignorant of
his origin, and he was ordered by the oracle, if he wished to know
his parents, to go to Mysia. Obedient to this injunction, he came
to Mysia, where Teuthras offered him his crown, and his adopted
daughter Auge in marriage, if he would deliver his country from the
hostilities of Idas the son of Aphareus. Telephus readily complied,
and at the head of the Mysians, he soon routed the enemy, and
received the promised reward. As he was going to unite himself to
Auge, the sudden appearance of an enormous serpent separated the
two lovers; Auge implored the assistance of Hercules, and was soon
informed by the god that Telephus was her own son. When this was
known, the nuptials were not celebrated, and Telephus some time after
married one of the daughters of king Priam. As one of the sons of the
Trojan monarch, Telephus prepared to assist Priam against the Greeks,
and with heroic valour he attacked them when they had landed on his
coast. The carnage was great, and Telephus was victorious, had not
Bacchus, who protected the Greeks, suddenly raised a vine from the
earth, which entangled the feet of the monarch, and laid him flat
on the ground. Achilles immediately rushed upon him, and wounded
him so severely, that he was carried away from the battle. The wound
was mortal, but Telephus was informed by the oracle, that he alone
who had inflicted it could totally cure it. Upon this, applications
were made to Achilles, but in vain; the hero observed that he was
no physician, till Ulysses, who knew that Troy could not be taken
without the assistance of one of the sons of Hercules, and who wished
to make Telephus the friend of the Greeks, persuaded Achilles to obey
the directions of the oracle. Achilles consented, and as the weapon
which had given the wound could alone cure it, the hero scraped the
rust from the point of his spear, and, by applying it to the sore,
gave it immediate relief. It is said that Telephus showed himself so
grateful to the Greeks, that he accompanied them to the Trojan war,
and fought with them against his father-in-law. _Hyginus_, fable 101.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 48.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7, &c.
――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 12, ch. 42.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.
――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 1, poem 1, &c.――_Philostratus_, _Heroicus_.
――_Pliny._――――A friend of Horace, remarkable for his beauty and the
elegance of his person. He was the favourite of Lydia the mistress
of Horace, &c. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 12; bk. 4, ode 11, li. 21.――――A
slave who conspired against Augustus. _Suetonius_, _Augustus_.
――――Lucius Verus, wrote a book on the rhetoric of Homer, as also a
comparison of that poet with Plato, and other treatises, all lost.

♦ ‘sevevely’ replaced with ‘severely’

=Telesia=, a town of Campania, taken by Annibal. _Livy_, bk. 21, ch. 13;
bk. 24, ch. 20.

=Telesĭcles=, a Parian, father to the poet Archilochus by a slave
called Enippo. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 10, ch. 13.

=Telesilla=, a lyric poetess of Argos, who bravely defended her country
against the Lacedæmonians, and obliged them to raise the siege. A
statue was raised to her honour in the temple of Venus. _Pausanias_,
bk. 2, ch. 20.

=Telesinicus=, a Corinthian auxiliary at Syracuse, &c. _Polyænus_,
bk. 5.

=Telesīnus=, a general of the Samnites, who joined the interest of
Marius, and fought against the generals of Sylla. He marched towards
Rome and defeated Sylla with great loss. He was afterwards routed in
a bloody battle, and left in the number of the slain, after he had
given repeated proofs of valour and courage. _Plutarch_, _Sulla_,
&c.――――A poet of considerable merit in Domitian’s reign. _Juvenal_,
satire 7, li. 25.

=Telesippus=, a poor man of Pheræ, father to the tyrant Dinias.
_Polyænus_, bk. 2.

=Telestagŏras=, a man of Naxos, whose daughters were ravished by
some of the nobles of the island, in consequence of which they were
expelled by the direction of Lygdamis, &c. _Athenæus_, bk. 8.

=Telestas=, a son of Priam. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――――An athlete
of Messenia. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 14.――――A king of Corinth, who
died 779 B.C.

=Telestes=, a dithyrambic poet, who flourished B.C. 402.

=Telesto=, one of the Oceanides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_.

=Telethes=, a mountain in Eubœa.

=Telethūsa=, the wife of Lygdus or Lyctus, a native of Crete. She
became mother of a daughter, who was afterwards changed into a boy.
_See:_ Iphis. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, li. 681.

=Teleurias=, a prince of Macedonia, &c. _Xenophon._

=Teleutias=, the brother of Agesilaus, who was killed by the Olynthians,
&c.

=Teleute=, a surname of Venus among the Egyptians. _Plutarch_, _de
Iside et Osiride_.

=Tellenæ=, a town of Latium, now destroyed. _Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 33.

=Telles=, a king of Achaia, son of Tisamenes. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 6.

=Tellias=, a famous soothsayer of Elis, in the age of Xerxes. He was
greatly honoured in Phocis, where he had settled, and the inhabitants
raised him a statue in the temple of Apollo, at Delphi. _Pausanias_,
bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch. 27.

=Tellis=, a Greek lyric poet, the father of Brasidas.

=Tellus=, a divinity, the same as the earth, the most ancient of all
the gods after Chaos. She was mother by Cœlus of Oceanus, Hyperion,
Ceus, Rhea, Japetus, Themis, Saturn, Phœbe, Tethys, &c. Tellus is
the same as the divinity who is honoured under the several names of
Cybele, Rhea, Vesta, Ceres, Tithea, Bona Dea, Proserpine, &c. She
was generally represented in the character of Tellus, as a woman with
many breasts, distended with milk, to express the fecundity of the
earth. She also appeared crowned with turrets, holding a sceptre in
one hand and a key in the other; while at her feet was lying a tame
lion without chains, as if to intimate that every part of the earth
can be made fruitful by means of cultivation. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_,
li. 130.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 137.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1,
ch. 1.――――A poor man, whom Solon called happier than Crœsus the rich
and ambitious king of Lydia. Tellus had the happiness to see a strong
and healthy family of children, and at last to fall in the defence of
his country. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 30.――――An Italian who is said to
have had commerce with his mares, and to have had a daughter called
Hippone, who became the goddess of horses.

=Telmessus=, or =Telmissus=, a town of Caria, whose inhabitants were
skilled in augury and the interpretation of dreams. _Cicero_, _de
Divinatione_, bk. 1.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.――_Livy_, bk. 37, ch. 16.
――――Another in Lycia.――――A third in Pisidia.

=Telo Martius=, a town at the south of Gaul, now _Toulon_.

=Telon=, a skilful pilot of Massilia, killed during the siege of that
city by Cæsar. _Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 592.――――A king of the Teleboæ, who
married Sebethis, by whom he had Œbalus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7,
li. 734.

=Telos=, a small island near Rhodes.

=Telphūsa=, a nymph of Arcadia, daughter of the Ladon who gave
her name to a town and fountain of that place. The waters of the
fountain Telphusa were so cold, that Tiresias died by drinking them.
_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.――_Lycophron_, li. 1040.

=Telxiŏpe=, one of the muses according to _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_,
bk. 3, ch. 21.

=Telys=, a tyrant of Sybaris.

=Temathea=, a mountain of Messenia. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 34.

=Temēnium=, a place in Messene, where Temenus was buried.

=Temĕnītes=, a surname of Apollo, which he received at Temenos, a small
place near Syracuse, where he was worshipped. _Cicero_, _Against
Verres_.

=Temĕnos=, a place of Syracuse, where Apollo, called Temenites, had
a statue. _Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 4, ch. 53.――_Suetonius_,
_Tiberius_, ch. 74.

=Temĕnus=, the son of Aristomachus, was the first of the Heraclidæ, who
returned to Peloponnesus with his brother Ctesiphontes, and in the
reign of Tisamenes king of Argos. Temenus made himself master of the
throne of Argos, from which he expelled the reigning sovereign. After
death he was succeeded by his son-in-law Deiphon, who had married his
daughter Hyrnetho, and this succession was in preference to his own
son. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, chs. 18 & 19.
――――A son of Pelasgus, who was entrusted with the care of Juno’s
infancy. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 22.

=Temerinda=, the name of the Paulus Mæotis among the natives.

=Temĕsa=, a town of Cyprus.――――Another in Calabria in Italy, famous
for its mines of copper, which were exhausted in the age of Strabo.
_Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 5, ch. 15.――_Livy_, bk. 34, ch. 35.
――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 1, li. 184.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 5,
li. 441; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 207.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.
――_Strabo_, bk. 6.

=Temnes=, a king of Sidon.

=Temnos=, a town of Æolia, at the mouth of the Hermus. _Herodotus_,
bk. 1, ch. 49.――_Cicero_, _Flaccus_, ch. 18.

=Tempe= (plural), a valley in Thessaly, between mount Olympus at the
north and Ossa at the south, through which the river Peneus flows
into the Ægean. The poets have described it as the most delightful
spot on the earth, with continually cool shades and verdant walks,
which the warbling of birds rendered more pleasant and romantic, and
which the gods often honoured with their presence. Tempe extended
about five miles in length, but varied in the dimensions of its
breadth so as to be in some places scarce one acre and a half wide.
All valleys that are pleasant, either for their situation or the
mildness of their climate, are called _Tempe_ by the poets. _Strabo_,
bk. 9.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Dionysius
Periegetes_, li. 219.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 3, ch. 1.
――_Plutarch_, _de Musica_.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 469.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 569.

=Tenchtheri=, a nation of Germany, who frequently changed the place of
their habitation. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 13, ch. 56; _Histories_,
bk. 4, ch. 21.

=Tendera=, a town of Caria. _Livy_, bk. 33, ch. 18.

=Tenea=, a part of Corinth. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Tenĕdia securis.= _See:_ Tenes.

=Tĕnĕdos=, a small and fertile island of the Ægean sea, opposite Troy,
at the distance of about 12 miles from Sigæum, and 56 miles north
from Lesbos. It was anciently called _Leucophrys_, till Tenes the son
of Cycnus settled there and built a town, which he called Tenedos,
from which the whole island received its name. It became famous
during the Trojan war, as it was there that the Greeks concealed
themselves, the more effectually to make the Trojans believe that
they were returned home without finishing the siege. _Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 3, li. 59.――_Diodorus_, bk. 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 13.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 21.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1,
li. 540; bk. 12, li. 109.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Tenĕrus=, son of Apollo and Melia, received from his father the
knowledge of futurity. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 10.

=Tenes=, a son of ♦Cycnus and Proclea. He was exposed on the sea, on
the coast of Troas, by his father, who credulously believed his wife
Philonome, who had fallen in love with Cycnus, and accused him of
attempts upon her virtue, when he refused to gratify her passion.
Tenes arrived in Leucophrys, which he called Tenedos, and of which he
became the sovereign. Some time after ♦Cycnus discovered the guilt of
his wife Philonome, and as he wished to be reconciled to his son whom
he had so grossly injured, he went to Tenedos. But when he had tied
his ship to the shore, Tenes cut off the cable with a hatchet, and
suffered his father’s ship to be tossed about in the sea. From this
circumstance the _hatchet of Tenes_ is become proverbial to intimate
a resentment that cannot be pacified. Some, however, suppose that the
proverb arose from the severity of a law made by a king of Tenedos
against adultery, by which the guilty were both put to death by a
hatchet. The hatchet of Tenes was carefully preserved at Tenedos, and
afterwards deposited by Periclytus son of Eutymachus, in the temple
of Delphi, where it was still seen in the age of Pausanias. Tenes,
as some suppose, was killed by Achilles, as he defended his country
against the Greeks, and he received divine honours after death.
His statue at Tenedos was carried away by Verres. _Strabo_, bk. 13.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 14.――――A general of 4000 mercenary Greeks
sent by the Egyptians to assist the Phœnicians. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.

♦ ‘Cyncus’ replaced with ‘Cycnus’

=Tĕnĕsis=, a part of Æthiopia. _Strabo._

=Tennes=, a king of Sidon, who, when his country was besieged by the
Persians, burnt himself and the city together, B.C. 351.

=Tennum=, a town of Æolia.

=Tenos=, a small island in the Ægean, near Andros, called _Ophiussa_,
and also _Hydrussa_, from the number of its fountains. It was very
mountainous, but it produced excellent wines, universally esteemed
by the ancients. Tenos was about 15 miles in extent. The capital was
also called Tenos.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 469.

=Tenty̆ra= (plural) and =Tentyris=, a small town of Egypt, on the
Nile, whose inhabitants were at enmity with the crocodiles, and made
war against those who paid them adoration. _Seneca_, _Quæstiones
Naturales_, bk. 4, ch. 2.――_Strabo_, bk. 17.――_Juvenal_, satire 15.
――_Pliny_, bk. 25, ch. 8.

=Tenty̆ra= (_melius_ Tempyra), a place of Thrace, opposite Samothrace.
_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 1, poem 9, li. 21.

=Teos=, or =Teios=, now _Sigagik_, a maritime town on the coast of
Ionia in Asia Minor, opposite Samos. It was one of the 12 cities
of the Ionian confederacy, and gave birth to Anacreon and Hecatæus,
who is by some deemed a native of Miletus. According to Pliny, Teos
was an island. Augustus repaired Teos, whence he is often called the
founder of it on ancient medals. _Strabo_, bk. 14.――_Mela_, bk. 1,
ch. 17.――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 3.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 8,
ch. 5.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 17, li. 18.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 31.

=Terēdon=, a town on the Arabian gulf. _Dionysius Periegeta_, li. 982.

=Terentia=, the wife of Cicero. She became mother of Marcus Cicero, and
of a daughter called Tulliola. Cicero repudiated her because she had
been faithless to his bed, when he was banished in Asia. Terentia
married Sallust, Cicero’s enemy, and afterwards Messala Corvinus.
She lived to her 103rd, or, according to Pliny, to her 117th year.
_Plutarch_, _Cicero_.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 13.――_Cicero_,
_Letters to Atticus_, bk. 11, ltr. 16, &c.――――The wife of Scipio
Africanus.――――The wife of Mecænas, with whom it was said that
Augustus carried on an intrigue.

=Terentia lex=, called also Cassia, _frumentaria_, by Marcus Terentius
Varro Lucullus and Caius Cassius, A.U.C. 680. It ordered that the
same price should be given for all corn bought in the provinces, to
hinder the exactions of the questors.――――Another, by Terentius the
tribune, A.U.C. 291, to elect five persons to define the power of the
consuls, lest they should abuse the public confidence, by violence or
rapine.

=Terentiānus=, a Roman to whom Longinus dedicated his treatise on
the sublime.――――Maurus, a writer who flourished A.D. 240. The last
edition of his treatise _de literis, syllabis, et metris Horatii_,
is by Mycillus, Frankfurt, 8vo, 1584. _Martial_, bk. 1, ltr. 70.

=Terentius Publius=, a native of Carthage in Africa, celebrated for the
comedies which he wrote. He was sold as a slave to Terentius Lucanus,
a Roman senator, who educated him with great care, and manumitted
him for the brilliancy of his genius. He bore the name of his master
and benefactor, and was called _Terentius_. He applied himself to
the study of Greek comedy with uncommon assiduity, and merited the
friendship and patronage of the learned and powerful. Scipio the
elder Africanus, and his friend Lælius, have been suspected, on
account of their intimacy, of assisting the poet in the composition
of his comedies; and the fine language, the pure expressions, and
delicate sentiments with which the plays of Terence abound, seem,
perhaps, to favour the supposition. Terence was in the 25th year
of his age when his first play appeared on the Roman stage. All his
compositions were received with great applause, but when the words

_Homo sum, humani nil a me alienum puto_,