Chapter VI: Preface: To the Original Edition (5)

=Agesilāus=, king of Sparta, of the family of the Agidæ, was son
of Doryssus and father of Archelaus. During his reign Lycurgus
instituted his famous laws. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 204.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 3, ch. 2.――――A son of Archidamus, of the family of the Proclidæ,
made king in preference to his nephew Leotychides. He made war
against Artaxerxes king of Persia with success; but in the midst of
his conquests in Asia, he was recalled home to oppose the Athenians
and Bœotians, who desolated his country; and his return was so
expeditious that he passed, in 30 days, over that tract of country
which had taken up a whole year of Xerxes’ expedition. He defeated
his enemies at Coronea; but sickness prevented the progress of
his conquests, and the Spartans were beat in every engagement,
especially at Leuctra, till he appeared at their head. Though
deformed, small of stature, and lame, he was brave, and a greatness
of soul compensated all the imperfections of nature. He was as fond
of sobriety as of military discipline; and when he went, in his 80th
year, to assist Tachus king of Egypt, the servants of the monarch
could hardly be persuaded that the Lacedæmonian general was eating
with his soldiers on the ground, bare-headed, and without any
covering to repose upon. Agesilaus died on his return from Egypt,
after a reign of 36 years, 362 B.C., and his remains were embalmed
and brought to Lacedæmon. _Justin_, bk. 6, ch. 1.――_Plutarch_ &
_Cornelius Nepos_, _Lives of Distinguished Romans_.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 3, ch. 9.――_Xenophon_, _Oratation for Agesilaus_.――――A brother
of Themistocles, who was sent as a spy into the Persian camp, where
he stabbed Mardonius instead of Xerxes. _Plutarch_, _Parallela
minora_.――――A surname of Pluto.――――A Greek who wrote a history of
Italy.

=Agesipŏlis I.=, king of Lacedæmon, son of Pausanias, obtained a great
victory over the Mantineans. He reigned 14 years, and was succeeded
by his brother Cleombrotus, B.C. 380. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 5;
bk. 8, ch. 8.――_Xenophon_, bk. 3, _Hellenica_.

=Agesipŏlis II.=, son of Cleombrotus king of Sparta, was succeeded by
Cleomenes II., B.C. 370. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 13; bk. 3, ch. 5.

=Agesistrăta=, the mother of king Agis. _Plutarch_, _Agis_.

=Agesistrătus=, a man who wrote a treatise entitled, _De arte
machinali_.

=Aggrammes=, a cruel king of the Gangarides. His father was a
hair-dresser, of whom the queen became enamoured, and whom she made
governor of the king’s children, to gratify her passion. He killed
them to raise Aggrammes, his son by the queen, to the throne.
_Curtius_, bk. 9, ch. 2.

=Aggrīnæ=, a people near mount Rhodope. _Cicero_, _Against Piso_,
ch. 37.

=Agĭdæ=, the descendants of Eurysthenes, who shared the throne of
Sparta with the Proclidæ. The name is derived from Agis son of
Eurysthenes. The family became extinct in the person of Cleomenes
son of Leonidas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 682.

=Agilāus=, king of Corinth, reigned 36 years.――――One of the Ephori, almost murdered by the partisans of Cleomenes. _Plutarch_, _Cleomenes_.

=Agis=, king of Sparta, succeeded his father Eurysthenes, and, after a
reign of one year, was succeeded by his son Echestratus, B.C. 1058.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 2.――――Another king of Sparta, who waged
bloody wars against Athens, and restored liberty to many Greek
cities. He attempted to restore the laws of Lycurgus at Sparta,
but in vain; the perfidy of friends, who pretended to second his
views, brought him to difficulties, and he was at last dragged
from a temple, where he had taken refuge, to a prison, where he was
strangled by order of the Ephori. _Plutarch_, _Agis_.――――Another,
son of Archidamus, who signalized himself in the war which the
Spartans waged against Epidaurus. He obtained a victory at Mantinea,
and was successful in the Peloponnesian war. He reigned 27 years.
_Thucydides_, bks. 3 & 4.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, chs. 8 & 10.――――
Another, son of Archidamus king of Sparta, who endeavoured to
deliver Greece from the empire of Macedonia, with the assistance
of the Persians. He was conquered in the attempt, and slain by
Antipater, Alexander’s general, and 5300 Lacedæmonians perished with
him. _Curtius_, bk. 6, ch. 1.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17.――_Justin_, bk. 12,
ch. 1, &c.――――Another, son of Eudamidas, killed in a battle against
the Mantineans. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 10.――――An Arcadian in the
expedition of Cyrus against his father Artaxerxes. _Polyænus_, bk. 7,
ch. 18.――――A poet of Argos, who accompanied Alexander into Asia, and
said that Bacchus and the sons of Leda would give way to his hero,
when a god. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 5.――――A Lycian, who followed Æneas
into Italy, where he was killed. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 751.

=Aglāia=, one of the Graces, called sometimes Pasiphae. Her sisters
were Euphrosyne and Thalia, and they were all daughters of Jupiter
and Eurynome. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 35.

=Aglaonīce=, daughter of Hegemon, was acquainted with astronomy and
eclipses, whence she boasted of her power to draw down the moon from
heaven. _Plutarch_, _de Defectu Oraculorum_.

=Aglaŏpe=, one of the Sirens.

=Aglaŏphon=, an excellent Greek painter. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 8.

=Aglaosthĕnes=, wrote a history of Naxos. _Strabo_, bk. 6.

=Aglauros=, or =Agraulos=, daughter of Erechtheus the oldest king of
Athens, was changed into a stone by Mercury. Some make her daughter
of Cecrops. _See:_ Herse. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, fable 12.

=Aglaus=, the poorest man of Arcadia, pronounced by the oracle more
happy than Gyges king of Lydia. _Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 46.――_Valerius
Maximus_, bk. 7, ch. 1.

=Agna=, a woman in the age of Horace, who, though deformed, had many
admirers. _Horace_, bk. 1, satire 3, li. 40.

=Agno=, one of the nymphs who nursed Jupiter. She gave her name to a
fountain on mount Lycæus. When the priest of Jupiter, after a prayer,
stirred the waters of this fountain with a bough, a thick vapour
arose, which was soon dissolved into a plentiful shower. _Pausanias_,
bk. 8, ch. 31, &c.

=Agnodĭce=, an Athenian virgin, who disguised her sex to learn
medicine. She was taught by Hierophilus the art of midwifery,
and when employed always discovered her sex to her patients. This
brought her into so much practice, that the males of her profession,
who were now out of employment, accused her, before the Areopagus,
of corruption. She confessed her sex to the judges, and a law was
immediately made to empower all free-born women to learn midwifery.
_Hyginus_, fable 274.

=Agnon=, son of Nicias, was present at the taking of Samos by Pericles.
In the Peloponnesian war he went against Potidæa, but abandoned his
expedition through disease. He built Amphipolis, whose inhabitants
rebelled to Brasidas, whom they regarded as their founder, forgetful
of Agnon. _Thucydides_, bks. 2, 3, &c.――――A writer. _Quintilian_,
bk. 2, ch. 17.――――One of Alexander’s officers. _Pliny_, bk. 33,
ch. 3.

=Agnonĭdes=, a rhetorician of Athens, who accused Phocion of betraying
the Piræus to Nicanor. When the people recollected what services
Phocion had rendered them, they raised him statues, and put to death
his accuser. _Plutarch_ & _Cornelius Nepos_, _Phocion_.

=Agōnālia= and =Agonia=, festivals in Rome, celebrated three times a
year in honour of Janus, or Agonius. They were instituted by Numa,
and on the festive days the chief priest used to offer a ram. _Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 1, li. 317.――_Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_, bk. 5.

=Agōnes Capitolīni=, games celebrated every fifth year upon the
Capitoline hill. Prizes were proposed for agility and strength, as
well as for poetical and literary compositions. The poet Statius
publicly recited there his Thebaid, which was not received with much
applause.

=Agonis=, a woman in the temple of Venus, on mount Eryx. _Cicero_,
_Against Verres_, bk. 1.

=Agonius=, a Roman deity, who presided over the actions of men. _See:_
Agonalia.

=Agoracrĭtus=, a sculptor of Pharos, who made a statue of Venus for
the people of Athens, B.C. 150.

=Agoranŏmi=, ten magistrates at Athens, who watched over the city and
port, and inspected whatever was exposed to sale.

=Agorānis=, a river falling into the Ganges. _Arrian_, _de Indica_.

=Agoræa=, a name of Minerva at Sparta. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 11.

=Agoreus=, a surname of Mercury among the Athenians, from his
presiding over the markets. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 15.

=Agra=, a place of Bœotia where the Ilissus rises. Diana was called
Agræa, because she hunted there.――――A city of Susa――――of Arcadia
――――and of Arabia.

=Agræi= and =Agrenses=, a people of Arabia. _Pliny_, bk. 6,
ch. 28.――――Of Ætolia. _Livy_, bk. 42, ch. 34.

=Agrāgas=, or =Acragras=, a river, town, and mountain of Sicily;
called also Agrigentum. The town was built by the people of Gela,
who were a Rhodian colony. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 703.――
_Diodorus_, bk. 11.

=Agraria lex=, was enacted to distribute among the Roman people all
the lands which they had gained by conquest. It was first proposed
A.U.C. 268, by the consul Spurius Cassius Vicellinus, and rejected
by the senate. This produced dissensions between the senate and
the people, and Cassius, upon seeing the ill success of the new
regulations he proposed, offered to distribute among the people the
money which was produced from the corn of Sicily, after it had been
brought and sold in Rome. This act of liberality the people refused,
and tranquillity was soon after re-established in the state. It was
proposed a second time A.U.C. 269, by the tribune Licinius Stolo,
but with no better success; and so great were the tumults which
followed, that one of the tribunes of the people was killed, and
many of the senators fined for their opposition. Mutius Scævola,
A.U.C. 620, persuaded the tribune Tiberius Gracchus to propose it a
third time; and though Octavius, his colleague in the tribuneship,
opposed it, yet Tiberius made it pass into a law, after much
altercation, and commissioners were authorized to make a division
of the lands. This law at last proved fatal to the freedom of Rome
under Julius Cæsar. _Florus_, bk. 3, chs. 3 & 13.――_Cicero_, _on the
Agrarian Law_.――_Livy_, bk. 2, ch. 41.

=Agraule=, a tribe of Athens. _Plutarch_, _Themistocles_.

=Agraulia=, a festival at Athens in honour of Agraulos. The Cyprians
also observed these festivals, by offering human victims.

=Agraulos=, a daughter of Cecrops. _See:_ Aglauros.――――A surname of
Minerva.

=Agrauonītæ=, a people of Illyria. _Livy_, bk. 45, ch. 26.

=Agre=, one of Actæon’s dogs. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3, li. 213.

=Agriānes=, a river of Thrace. _Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 9.――――A people
that dwelt in the neighbourhood of that river. _Herodotus_, bk. 5,
ch. 16.

=Agricŏla=, the father-in-law of the historian Tacitus, who wrote
his life. He was eminent for his public and private virtues. He
was governor of Britain, and first discovered it to be an island.
Domitian envied his virtues; he recalled him from the province he
had governed with equity and moderation, and ordered him to enter
Rome in the night, that no triumph might be granted him. Agricola
obeyed, and without betraying any resentment, he retired to peaceful
solitude, and to the enjoyment of the society of a few friends. He
died in his 56th year, A. D. 93. _Tacitus_, _Agricola_.

=Agrigentum=, now _Girgenti_, a town of Sicily, 18 stadia from the
sea, on mount Agragas. It was founded by a Rhodian, or, according
to some, by an Ionian colony. The inhabitants were famous for
their hospitality, and for their luxurious manner of living. In
its flourishing situation Agrigentum contained 200,000 inhabitants,
who submitted with reluctance to the superior power of Syracuse.
The government was monarchical, but afterwards a democracy was
established. The famous Phalaris usurped the sovereignty, which was
also for some time in the hands of the Carthaginians. Agrigentum
can now boast of more venerable remains of antiquity than any other
town in Sicily. _Polybius_, bk. 9.――_Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Diodorus_,
bk. 13.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 707.――_Silius Italicus_,
bk. 14, li. 211.

=Agrinium=, a city of Acarnania. _Polybius_, bk. 6.

=Agriōnia=, annual festivals in honour of Bacchus, celebrated
generally in the night. They were instituted, as some suppose,
because the god was attended with wild beasts.

=Agriopas=, a man who wrote the history of all those who had obtained
the public prize at Olympia. _Pliny_, bk. 8, ch. 22.

=Agriōpe=, the wife of Agenor king of Phœnicia.

=Marcus Agrippa Vipsanius=, a celebrated Roman, who obtained a victory
over Sextus Pompey, and favoured the cause of Augustus at the
battles of Actium and Philippi, where he behaved with great valour.
He advised his imperial friend to re-establish the republican
government at Rome, but he was overruled by Mecænas. In his
expeditions in Gaul and Germany, he obtained several victories, but
refused the honours of a triumph, and turned his liberality towards
the embellishing of Rome and the raising of magnificent buildings,
one of which, the Pantheon, still exists. After he had retired for
two years to Mitylene, in consequence of a quarrel with Marcellus,
Augustus recalled him, and, as a proof of his regard, gave him his
daughter Julia in marriage, and left him the care of the empire
during an absence of two years employed in visiting the Roman
provinces of Greece and Asia. He died, universally lamented,
at Rome in the 51st year of his age, 12 B.C., and his body was
placed in the tomb which Augustus had prepared for himself. He
had been married three times: to Pomponia daughter of Atticus, to
Marcella daughter of Octavia, and to Julia, by whom he had five
children――Caius, and Lucius Cæsares, Posthumus Agrippa, Agrippina,
and Julia. His son, Caius Cæsar Agrippa, was adopted by Augustus,
and made consul, by the flattery of the Roman people at the age
of 14 or 15. This promising youth went to Armenia on an expedition
against the Persians, where he received a fatal blow from the
treacherous hand of Lollius, the governor of one of the neighbouring
cities. He languished for a little time and died in Lycia. His
younger brother, Lucius Cæsar Agrippa, was likewise adopted by his
grandfather Augustus; but he was soon after banished to Campania,
for using seditious language against his benefactor. In the seventh
year of his exile he would have been recalled had not Livia and
Tiberius, jealous of the partiality of Augustus for him, ordered him
to be assassinated in his 26th year. He has been called ferocious
and savage; and he gave himself the name of Neptune, because he
was fond of fishing. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 682.――_Horace_,
bk. 1, ode 6.――――One of the servants of the murdered prince assumed
his name and raised commotions. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 39.
――――Sylvius, a son of Tiberius Sylvius king of Latium. He reigned
33 years, and was succeeded by his son Romulus Sylvius. _Dionysius
of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1, ch. 8.――――A consul who conquered the
Æqui.――――A philosopher. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――Herodes, a son
of Aristobulus, grandson of the Great Herod, who became tutor to
the grandchild of Tiberius, and was soon after imprisoned by the
suspicious tyrant. When Caligula ascended the throne his favourite
was released, presented with a chain of gold as heavy as that which
had lately confined him, and made king of Judæa. He was a popular
character with the Jews: and it is said, that while they were
flattering him with the appellation of God, an angel of God struck
him with the lousy disease, of which he died, A.D. 43. His son,
of the same name, was the last king of the Jews, deprived of his
kingdom by Claudius, in exchange for other provinces. He was with
Titus at the celebrated siege of Jerusalem, and died A.D. 94. It was
before him that St. Paul pleaded, and made mention of his incestuous
commerce with his sister Berenice. _Juvenal_, satire 6, li. 156.
――_Tacitus_, bk. 2, _Histories_, ch. 81.――――Menenius, a Roman
general, who obtained a triumph over the Sabines, appeased the
populace of Rome by the well-known fable of the belly and the limbs,
and erected the new office of tribunes of the people, A.U.C. 261. He
died poor, but universally regretted: his funeral was at the expense
of the public from which also his daughters received dowries. _Livy_,
bk. 2, ch. 32.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 23.――――A mathematician in the
reign of Domitian; he was a native of Bithynia.

=Agrippīna=, a wife of Tiberius. The emperor repudiated her to marry
Julia. _Suetonius_, _Tiberias_, ch. 7.――――A daughter of Marcus
Agrippa, and granddaughter to Augustus. She married Germanicus, whom
she accompanied in Syria; and when Piso poisoned him, she carried
his ashes to Italy, and accused his murderer, who stabbed himself.
She fell under the displeasure of Tiberius, who exiled her in
an island, where she died A.D. 26, for want of bread. She left
nine children, and was universally distinguished for intrepidity
and conjugal affection. _Tacitus_, bk. 1, _Annals_, ch. 2, &c.――
_Suetonius_, _Tiberias_, ch. 52.――――Julia, daughter of Germanicus
and Agrippina, married Domitius Ænobarbus, by whom she had Nero.
After her husband’s death she married her uncle the emperor Claudius,
whom she destroyed to make Nero succeed to the throne. After many
cruelties and much licentiousness she was assassinated by order of
her son, and as she expired she exclaimed, “Strike the belly which
could give birth to such a monster.” She died A.D. 59, after a life
of prostitution and incestuous gratifications. It is said that her
son viewed her dead body with all the raptures of admiration, saying,
he never could have believed his mother was so beautiful a woman.
She left memoirs which assisted Tacitus in the composition of his
annals. The town which she built, where she was born, on the borders
of the Rhine, and called _Agrippina Colonia_, is the modern Cologne.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 4, ch. 75; bk. 12, chs. 7, 22, &c.

=Agrisius.= _See:_ Acrisius.

=Agrisope=, or =Agriope=, the mother of Cadmus. _Hyginus_, fable 6.

=Agrius=, son of Parthaon drove his brother Œneus from the throne.
He was afterwards expelled by Diomedes the grandson of Œneus, upon
which he killed himself. _Hyginus_, fables 175 & 242.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, ch. 7.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 14, li. 117.――――A giant.――――A
centaur killed by Hercules. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5.――――A son of
Ulysses by Circe. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 1013.――――The father of
Thersites. _Ovid_, _ex Ponto_, bk. 3, poem 9, li. 9.

=Agrŏlas=, surrounded the citadel of Athens with walls, except that
part which afterwards was repaired by Cimon. _Pausanias_, bk. 1,
ch. 28.

=Agron=, king of Illyria, who, after conquering the Ætolians, drank
to such excess that he died instantly, B.C. 231. _Polybius_, bk. 2,
ch. 4.

=Agrotas=, a Greek orator of Marseilles.

=Agrotĕra=, an anniversary sacrifice of goats offered to Diana at
Athens. It was instituted by Callimachus the Polemarch, who vowed
to sacrifice to the goddess so many goats as there might be enemies
killed in a battle which he was going to fight against the troops
of Darius, who had invaded Attica. The quantity of the slain was
so great, that a sufficient number of goats could not be procured;
therefore they were limited to 500 every year, till they equalled
the number of Persians slain in battle.――――A temple of Ægira in
Peloponnesus, erected to the goddess under this name. _Pausanias_,
bk. 7, ch. 26.

=Agyleus= and =Agyieus= from ἀγυια, _a street_, a surname of Apollo,
because sacrifices were offered to him in the public streets of
Athens. _Horace_, bk. 4, ode 6.

=Agylla=, a town of Etruria, founded by a colony of Pelasgians, and
governed by Mezentius when Æneas came to Italy. It was afterwards
called Cære, by the Lydians, who took possession of it. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 652; bk. 8, li. 479.

=Agyllæus=, a gigantic wrestler of Cleonæ, scarce inferior to Hercules
in strength. _Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 6, li. 837.

=Agyrium=, a town of Sicily, where Diodorus the historian was born.
The inhabitants were called _Agyrinenses_. _Diodorus_, bk. 14.――
_Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 2, ch. 65.

=Agyrius=, an Athenian general who succeeded Thrasybulus. _Diodorus_,
bk. 14.

=Agyrtes=, a man who killed his father. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5,
li. 148.――――A piper. _♦Statius_, bk. 2, _Achilleis_, li. 50.

♦ ‘Sil.’ replaced with ‘Statius’

=Agȳrus=, a tyrant of Sicily, assisted by Dionysius against the
Carthaginians. _Diodorus_, bk. 14.

=Ahāla=, the surname of the Servilii at Rome.

=Ahenobarbus.= _See:_ Ænobarbus.

=Ajax=, the son of Telamon by Peribœa or Eribœa daughter of Alcathous,
was, next to Achilles, the bravest of all the Greeks in the Trojan
war. He engaged Hector, with whom at parting he exchanged arms.
After the death of Achilles, Ajax and Ulysses disputed their
claim to the arms of the dead hero. When they were given to the
latter, Ajax was so enraged that he slaughtered a whole flock of
sheep, supposing them to be the sons of Atreus, who had given the
preference to Ulysses, and stabbed himself with his sword. The blood
which ran to the ground from the wound, was changed into the flower
hyacinth. Some say that he was killed by Paris in battle, others
that he was murdered by Ulysses. His body was buried at Sigæum,
some say on mount Rhœtus, and his tomb was visited and honoured
by Alexander. Hercules, according to some authors, prayed to the
gods that his friend Telamon, who was childless, might have a son,
with a skin as impenetrable as the skin of the Nemæan lion which
he then wore. His prayers were heard. Jupiter, under the form of
an eagle, promised to grant the petition; and when Ajax was born,
Hercules wrapped him up in the lion’s skin, which rendered his body
invulnerable, except that part which was left uncovered by a hole
in the skin, through which Hercules hung his quiver. This vulnerable
part was in his breast, or as some say behind the neck. _Quintus
Calaber [Smyrnæus]_, bks. 1 & 4.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, chs. 10
& 13.――_Philostratus_, _Heroicus_, ch. 12.――_Pindar_, _Isthmean_,
ode 6.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 1, &c.; _Odyssey_, bk. 11.――_Dictys
Cretensis_, bk. 5.――_Dares Phrygius_, ch. 9.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 13.――_Horace_, bk. 2, satire 3, li. 197. ――_Hyginus_, fables
107 & 242.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 35; bk. 5, ch. 19.――――The son of
Oileus king of Locris, was surnamed _Locrian_, in contradistinction
to the son of Telamon. He went with 40 ships to the Trojan war,
as being one of Helen’s suitors. The night that Troy was taken, he
offered violence to Cassandra, who fled into Minerva’s temple; and
for this offence, as he returned home, the goddess, who had obtained
the thunders of Jupiter, and the power of tempests from Neptune,
destroyed his ship in a storm. Ajax swam to a rock, and said that
he was safe in spite of all the gods. Such impiety offended Neptune,
who struck the rock with his trident, and Ajax tumbled into the sea
with part of the rock and was drowned. His body was afterwards found
by the Greeks, and black sheep offered on his tomb. According to
Virgil’s account, Minerva seized him in a whirlwind, and dashed him
against a rock, where he expired, consumed by thunder. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 43, &c.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 2, 13, &c.;
_Odyssey_, bk. 4.――_Hyginus_, fables 116 & 273.――_Philostratus_,
_Imagines_, bk. 2, ch. 13.――_Seneca_, _Agamemnon_.――_Horace_,
_Epodes_, poem 10, li. 13.――_Pausanias_, bk. 10, chs. 26 & 31.――――The
two Ajaces were, as some suppose, placed after death in the island
of Leuce, a separate place reserved only for the bravest heroes of
antiquity.

=Aidōneus=, a surname of Pluto.――――A king of the Molossi, who
imprisoned Theseus, because he and Pirithous attempted to ravish his
daughter Proserpine, near the Acheron; whence arose the well-known
fable of the descent of Theseus and Pirithous into hell. _Plutarch_,
_Theseus_.――――A river near Troy. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 12.

=Aimy̆lus=, son of Ascanius, was, according to some, the progenitor of
the noble family of the Æmylii in Rome.

=Aius Locutius=, a deity to whom the Romans erected an altar, from the
following circumstance: one of the common people, called Ceditius,
informed the tribunes, that as he passed one night through one of
the streets of the city, a voice more than human, issuing from above
Vesta’s temple, told him that Rome would soon be attacked by the
Gauls. His information was neglected; but his veracity was proved
by the event; and Camillus, after the conquest of the Gauls, built
a temple to that supernatural voice which had given Rome warning of
the approaching calamity, under the name of Aius Locutius.

=Alabanda=, æ, or orum, an inland town of Caria, abounding with
scorpions. The name is derived from Alabandus, a deity worshipped
there. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 16.――_Herodotus_,
bk. 7, ch. 195.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.

=Alabastrum=, a town of Egypt. _Pliny_, bk. 36, ch. 7.

=Alăbus=, a river in Sicily.

=Alæa=, a surname of Minerva in Peloponnesus. Her festivals are also
called Alæa. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, chs. 4 & 7.

=Alæi=, a number of islands in the Persian gulf, abounding in
tortoises. _Arrian_, _Periplus of the Euxine Sea_.

=Alæsa=, a city on a mountain in Sicily.

=Alæus=, the father of Auge, who married Hercules.

=Alagōnia=, a city of Laconia. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, chs. 21 & 26.

=Alāla=, the goddess of war, sister to Mars. _Plutarch_, _de gloria
Atheniensium_.

=Alalcomĕnæ=, a city of Bœotia, where some suppose that Minerva was
born. _Plutarch_, _Quæstiones Græcæ_.――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 7,
li. 330.

=Alalia=, a town of Corsica, built by a colony of Phocæans, destroyed
by Scipio, 262 B.C., and afterwards rebuilt by Sylla. _Herodotus_,
bk. 1, ch. 165.――_Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 2.

=Alamānes=, a statuary at Athens, disciple of Phidias.

=Alamanni=, or =Alemanni=, a people of Germany, near the Hercynian
forest. They were very powerful and inimical to Rome.

=Alāni=, a people of Sarmatia, near the Palus Mœotis, who were said to
have 26 different languages. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.――_Strabo._

=Alăres=, a people of Pannonia. _Tacitus_, bk. 15, _Annals_, ch. 10.

=Alarīcus=, a famous king of the Goths, who plundered Rome in the
reign of Honorius. He was greatly respected for his military valour,
and during his reign he kept the Roman empire in continual alarms.
He died after a reign of 13 years, A.D. 410.

=Alarōdii=, a nation near Pontus. _Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 94.

=Alastor=, a son of Neleus and Chloris. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.
――――An arm-bearer to Sarpedon king of Lycia, killed by Ulysses.
_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 5, li. 677.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13,
li. 257.――――One of Pluto’s horses when he carried away Proserpine.
_Claudian_, _de Raptu Proserpinæ_, bk. 1, li. 286.

=Alaudæ=, soldiers of one of Cæsar’s legions in Gaul. _Suetonius_,
_Julius Cæsar_, ch. 24.

=Alazon=, a river flowing from mount Caucasus into the Cyrus, and
separating Albania from Iberia. _Flaccus_, bk. 6, li. 101.

=Alba Sylvius=, son of Latinus Sylvius, succeeded his father in the
kingdom of Latium, and reigned 36 years. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 14, li. 612.――――Longa, a city of Latium, built by Ascanius, B.C.
1152, on the spot where Æneas found, according to the prophecy of
Helenus (_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 390, &c.), and of the god
of the river (_Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 43), a _white_ sow with 30 young
ones. It was called _longa_ because it extended along the hill
Albinus. The descendants of Æneas reigned there in the following
order: 1. Ascanius, son of Æneas, with little intermission, eight
years. 2. Sylvius Posthumus, 29 years. 3. Æneas Sylvius, 31 years.
4. Latinus, five years. 5. Alba, 36 years. 6. Atys, or Capetus,
26 years. 7. Capys, 28 years. 8. Calpetus, 13 years. 9. Tiberinus,
eight years. 10. Agrippa, 33 years. 11. Remulus, 19 years. 12.
Aventinus, 37 years. 13. Procas, 13 years. 14. Numitor and Amulius.
Alba, which had long been the powerful rival of Rome, was destroyed
by the Romans, 665 B.C., and the inhabitants were carried to Rome.
_Livy._――_Florus._――_Justin_, &c.――――A city of the Marsi in Italy.
――――Pompeia, a city of Liguria. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 5.

=Albāni= and =Albenses=, names applied to the inhabitants of the two
cities of Alba. _Cicero_, _Rhetorica ad Herennium_, bk. 2, ch. 28.

=Albānia=, a country of Asia, between the Caspian sea and Iberia.
The inhabitants are said to have their eyes all blue. Some maintain
that they followed Hercules from mount Albanus in Italy, when he
returned from the conquest of Geryon. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_,
bk. 1, ch. 15.――_Justin_, bk. 42, ch. 3.――_Strabo_, bk. 11.――_Pliny_,
bk. 8, ch. 40.――_Mela_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――――The Caspian sea is called
_Albanum_, as being near Albania. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 13.

=Albānus=, a mountain with a lake in Italy, 16 miles from Rome,
near Alba. It was on this mountain that the _Latinæ feriæ_ were
celebrated with great solemnity. _Horace_, bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 27.
The word, taken adjectively, is applied to such as are natives of,
or belong to, the town of Alba.

=Albia Terennia=, the mother of Otho. _Suetonius._

=Albīci=, a people of Gallia Aquitania. _Cæsar_, _Civil War_, bk. 1,
ch. 34.

=Albiētæ=, a people of Latium. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus._

=Albigaunum=, a town of Liguria. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 4.

=Albīni=, two Roman orators of great merit, mentioned by Cicero in
_Brutus_. This name is common to many tribunes of the people. _Livy_,
bk. 2, ch. 33; bk. 6, ch. 30. _Sallust_, _Jugurthine War_.

=Albinovānus Celsus.= _See:_ Celsus.――――Pedo, a poet contemporary with
Ovid. He wrote elegies, epigrams, and heroic poetry in a style so
elegant that he merited the epithet of divine. _Ovid_, _ex Ponto_,
bk. 4, poem 10.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 5.

=Albintemēlium=, a town of Liguria. _Tacitus_, bk. 2, _Histories_,
ch. 13.

=Albīnus=, was born at Adrumetum in Africa, and made governor of
Britain by Commodus. After the murder of Pertinax, he was elected
emperor by the soldiers in Britain. Severus had also been invested
with the imperial dignity by his own army; and these two rivals,
with about 50,000 men each, came into Gaul to decide the fate of the
empire. Severus was conqueror, and he ordered the head of Albinus
to be cut off, and his body to be thrown into the Rhone, A.D. 198.
Albinus, according to the exaggerated account of a certain writer
called Codrus, was famous for his voracious appetite, and sometimes
ate for breakfast no less than 500 figs, 100 peaches, 20 pounds
of dry raisins, 10 melons, and 400 oysters.――――A pretorian sent to
Sylla, as ambassador from the senate during the civil wars. He was
put to death by Sylla’s soldiers. _Plutarch_, _Sulla_.――――An usurer.
_Horace._――――A Roman plebeian who received the vestals into his
chariot in preference to his family, when they fled from Rome, which
the Gauls had sacked. _Valerius Maximus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.――_Livy_,
bk. 5, ch. 40.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 13.――――Aulus Posthumus, consul
with Lucullus, A.U.C. 603, wrote a history of Rome in Greek.

=Albion=, son of Neptune by Amphitrite, came into Britain, where he
established a kingdom, and first introduced astrology and the art
of building ships. He was killed at the mouth of the Rhone, with
stones thrown by Jupiter, because he opposed the passage of Hercules.
_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 5.――――The greatest island of Europe, now called
Great Britain. It is called after Albion, who is said to have
reigned there; or from its chalky white (_albus_) rocks, which
appear at a great distance. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 16.――_Tacitus_,
_Agricola_. The ancients compared its figure to a long buckler, or
to the iron of a hatchet.

=Albis=, a river of Germany falling into the German ocean, and now
called the Elbe. _Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 52.

=Albius=, a man, father to a famous spendthrift. _Horace_, bk. 1,
satire 4.――――A name of the poet Tibullus. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 33,
li. 1.

=Albucilla=, an immodest woman. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 6, ch. 47.

=Albŭla=, the ancient name of the river Tiber. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 8, li. 332.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 3.

=Albŭnea=, a wood near Tibur, and the river Anio, sacred to the muses.
It received its name from a Sibyl, called also Albunea, worshipped
as a goddess at Tibur, whose temple still remains. Near Albunea
there was a small lake of the same name, whose waters were of a
sulphureous smell, and possessed some medicinal properties. This
lake fell, by a small stream called Albula, into the river Anio,
with which it soon lost itself in the Tiber. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 7,
li. 12.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 83.

=Alburnus=, a lofty mountain of Lucania, where the Tanager takes its
rise. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3, li. 147.

=Albus Pagus=, a place near Sidon, where Antony waited for the arrival
of Cleopatra.

=Albūtius=, a prince of Celtiberia, to whom Scipio restored his wife.
_Arrian._――――A sordid man, father to Canidia. He beat his servants
before they were guilty of any offence, “lest,” said he, “I should
have no time to punish them when they offend.” _Horace_, bk. 2,
satire 2.――――A rhetorician in the age of Seneca.――――An ancient
satirist. _Cicero_, _Brutus_.――――Titus, an epicurean philosopher,
born at Rome; so fond of Greece and Grecian manners, that he wished
not to pass for a Roman. He was made governor of Sardinia; but he
grew offensive to the senate and was banished. It is supposed that
he died at Athens.

=Alcæus=, a celebrated lyric poet of Mitylene in Lesbos, about 600
years before the christian era. He fled from a battle, and his
enemies hung up, in the temple of Minerva, the armour which he left
in the field, as a monument of his disgrace. He is the inventor of
alcaic verses. He was contemporary to the famous Sappho, to whom he
paid his addresses. Of all his works, nothing but a few fragments
remain, found in Athenæus. _Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Herodotus_,
bk. 5, ch. 95.――_Horace_, bk. 4, ode 9.――_Cicero_, bk. 4, _Tusculanæ
Disputationes_, ch. 33.――――A poet of Athens, said by Suidas to
be the inventor of tragedy.――――A writer of epigrams.――――A comic
poet.――――A son of Androgeus, who went with Hercules into Thrace,
and was made king of part of the country. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch.
5.――――A son of Hercules by a maid of Omphale.――――A son of Perseus,
father of Amphitryon and Anaxo. From him Hercules has been called
Alcides. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 14.

=Alcamĕnes=, one of the Agidæ, king of Sparta, known by his apophthegms.
He succeeded his father Teleclus, and reigned 37 years. The Helots
rebelled in his reign. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 2; bk. 4, chs. 4
& 5.――――A general of the Achæans. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 15.――――A
statuary, who lived 448 B.C., and was distinguished for his statues
of Venus and Vulcan. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 10.――――The commander of
a Spartan fleet, put to death by the Athenians. _Thucydides_, bk. 4,
ch. 5, &c.

=Alcander=, an attendant of Sarpedon, killed by Ulysses. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 257.――――A Lacedæmonian youth, who
accidentally put out one of the eyes of Lycurgus, and was generously
forgiven by the sage. _Plutarch_, _Lycurgus_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3,
ch. 18.――――A Trojan killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9,
li. 767.

=Alcandre=, the wife of Polybius, a rich Theban. _Homer_, _Odyssey_,
bk. 4, li. 672.

=Alcānor=, a Trojan of mount Ida, whose sons Pandarus and Bitias
followed Æneas into Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 672.――――A
son of Phorus, killed by Æneas. _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 338.

=Alcăthoe=, a name of Megara, in Attica, because rebuilt by Alcathous
son of Pelops. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 8.

=Alcăthous=, a son of Pelops, who, being suspected of murdering his
brother Chrysippus, came to Megara, where he killed a lion which had
destroyed the king’s son. He succeeded to the kingdom of Megara, and
in commemoration of his services, festivals, called Alcathoia, were
instituted at Megara. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 41, &c.――――A Trojan,
who married Hippodamia daughter of Anchises. He was killed in the
Trojan war by Idomeneus. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 12, li. 93.――――A son
of Parthaon, killed by Tydeus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 7, &c.――――A
friend of Æneas, killed in the Rutulian war. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk.
10, li. 747.

=Alce=, one of Actæon’s dogs. _Ovid._――――A town of Spain which
surrendered to Gracchus, now _Alcazar_, a little above Toledo.
_Livy_, bk. 40, ch. 47.

=Alcēnor=, an Argive, who, along with Chromius, survived the battle
between 300 of his countrymen and 300 Lacedæmonians. _Herodotus_,
bk. 1, ch. 82.

=Alceste=, or =Alcestis=, daughter of Pelias and Anaxibia, married
Admetus. She, with her sisters, put to death her father, that
he might be restored to youth and vigour by Medea, who, however,
refused to perform her promise. Upon this the sisters fled to
Admetus, who married Alceste. They were soon pursued by an army
headed by their brother Acastus; and Admetus, being taken prisoner,
was redeemed from death by the generous offer of his wife, who was
sacrificed in his stead to appease the shades of her father. Some
say that Alceste, with an unusual display of conjugal affection,
laid down her life for her husband, when she had been told by an
oracle that he could never recover from a disease, except some
one of his friends died in his stead. According to some authors,
Hercules brought her back from hell. She had many suitors while
she lived with her father. _See:_ Admetus. _Juvenal_, satire 6,
li. 651.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5,
ch. 17.――_Hyginus_, fable 251.――_Euripides_, _Alcestis_.

=Alcĕtas=, a king of the Molossi, descended from Pyrrhus the son of
Achilles. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 11.――――A general of Alexander’s
army, brother to Perdiccas.――――The eighth king of Macedonia,
who reigned 29 years.――――An historian, who wrote an account
of everything that had been dedicated in the temple of Delphi.
_Athenæus._――――A son of Arybas king of Epirus. _Pausanias_, bk. 1,
ch. 11.

=Alchĭdas=, a Rhodian, who became enamoured of a naked Cupid of
Praxiteles. _Pliny_, bk. 36, ch. 5.

=Alchimăchus=, a celebrated painter. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.

=Alcibiădes=, an Athenian general famous for his enterprising
spirit, versatile genius, and natural foibles. He was disciple to
Socrates, whose lessons and example checked for a while his vicious
propensities. In the Peloponnesian war he encouraged the Athenians
to make an expedition against Syracuse. He was chosen general in
that war, and in his absence his enemies accused him of impiety,
and confiscated his goods. Upon this he fled, and stirred up the
Spartans to make war against Athens, and when this did not succeed
he retired to Tissaphernes, the Persian general. Being recalled by
the Athenians, he obliged the Lacedæmonians to sue for peace; made
several conquests in Asia, and was received in triumph at Athens.
His popularity was of short duration; the failure of an expedition
against Cyme exposed him again to the resentment of the people,
and he fled to Pharnabazus, whom he almost induced to make war
upon Lacedæmon. This was told to Lysander the Spartan general,
who prevailed upon Pharnabazus to murder Alcibiades. Two servants
were sent for that purpose, and they set on fire the cottage where
he was, and killed him with darts as he attempted to make his
escape. He died in the 46th year of his age, 404 B.C., after a
life of perpetual difficulties. If the fickleness of his countrymen
had known how to retain among them the talents of a man who
distinguished himself, and was admired wherever he went, they might
have risen to greater splendour, and to the sovereignty of Greece.
His character has been cleared from the aspersions of malevolence,
by the writings of Thucydides, Timæus, and Theopompus; and he is
known to us as a hero, who, to the principles of the debauchee,
added the intelligence and sagacity of the statesman, the cool
intrepidity of the general, and the humanity of the philosopher.
_Plutarch_ & _Cornelius Nepos_, _Alcibiades_.――_Thucydides_, bks. 5,
6, & 7.――_Xenophon_, _Hellenica_, bk. 1, &c.――_Diodorus_, bk. 12.

=Alcidămas=, of Cos, was father to Ctesilla, who was changed into
a dove. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, fable 12.――――A celebrated
wrestler. _Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 10, li. 500.――――A philosopher
and orator, who wrote a treatise on death. He was pupil to Gorgias,
and flourished B.C. 424. _Quintilian_, bk. 3, ch. 1.

=Alcidamēa=, was mother of Bunus by Mercury.

=Alcidamĭdas=, a general of the Messenians, who retired to Rhegium,
after the taking of Ithome by the Spartans, B.C. 723. _Strabo_,
bk. 6.

=Alcidămus=, an Athenian rhetorician, who wrote an eulogy on death,
&c. _Cicero_, bk. 1, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, ch. 48.――_Plutarch_,
_Lives of the Ten Orators_.

=Alcīdas=, a Lacedæmonian, sent with 23 galleys against Corcyra, in
the Peloponnesian war. _Thucydides_, bk. 3, ch. 16, &c.

=Alcīdes=, a name of Hercules, from his _strength_, ἀλκος, or from his
grandfather Alcæus.――――A surname of Minerva in Macedonia. _Livy_,
bk. 42, ch. 51.

=Alcidĭce=, the mother of Tyro, by Salmoneus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1,
ch. 9.

=Alcimăchus=, an eminent painter. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.

=Alcimĕde=, the mother of Jason by Æson. _Flaccus_, bk. 1, li. 296.

=Alcimĕdon=, a plain of Arcadia, with a cave the residence of
Alcimedon, whose daughter Phillo was ravished by Hercules.
_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 12.――――An excellent carver. _Virgil_,
_Eclogues_, poem 3.――――A sailor, &c. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4,
fable 10.

=Alcimĕnes=, a tragic poet of Megara.――――A comic writer of Athens.
――――An attendant of Demetrius. _Plutarch_, _Demetrius_.――――A man
killed by his brother Bellerophon. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Alcĭmus=, an historian of Sicily, who wrote an account of Italy.――――
An orator. _Diogenes Laërtius._

=Alcinoe=, a daughter of Sthenelus son of Perseus. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 2, ch. 4.

=Alcĭnor.= _See:_ Alcenor.

=Alcinous=, son of Nausithous and Peribœa, was king of Phæacia, and
is praised for his love of agriculture. He married his niece Arete,
by whom he had several sons and a daughter, Nausicaa. He kindly
entertained Ulysses, who had been shipwrecked on his coast, and
heard the recital of his adventures; whence arose the proverb of
the stories of Alcinous to denote improbability. _Homer_, _Odyssey_,
bk. 7.――_Orpheus_, _Argonautica_.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2,
li. 87.――_Statius_, bk. 1, _Sylvæ_, poem 3, li. 81.――_Juvenal_,
satire 5, li. 151.――_Ovid_, _Amores_, bk. 1, poem 10, li. 56.――
_Plato_, _Republic_, bk. 10.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――――A
son of Hippocoon. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 10.――――A man of Elis.
_Pausanias._――――A philosopher in the second century, who wrote a
book _de Doctriná Platonis_, the best edition of which is the 12mo,
printed Oxford, 1667.

=Alcioneus=, a man killed by Perseus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5,
fable 4.

=Alciphron=, a philosopher of Magnesia, in the age of Alexander. There
are some epistles in Greek that bear his name, and contain a very
perfect picture of the customs and manners of the Greeks. They are
by some supposed to be the production of a writer of the fourth
century. The only edition is that of Leipzig, 12mo, 1715, cum notis
Bergleri.

=Alcippe=, a daughter of the god Mars, by Agraulos. She was ravished
by Halirrhotius. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 14.――――The wife of
Metion and mother to Eupalamus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 16.――――The
daughter of Œnomaus, and wife of Evenus, by whom she had Marpessa.
――――A woman who brought forth an elephant. _Pliny_, bk. 7.――――A
country-woman. _Virgil_, _Eclogues_, poem 7.

=Alcippus=, a reputed citizen of Sparta, banished by his enemies. He
married Democrite, of whom _Plutarch_, _Amatoriæ narrationes_.

=Alcis=, a daughter of Ægyptus. _Apollodorus._

=Alcithoe=, a Theban woman, who ridiculed the orgies of Bacchus. She
was changed into a bat, and the spindle and yarn with which she
worked, into a vine and ivy. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, fable 1.

=Alcmæon=, was son of the prophet Amphiaraus and Eriphyle. His father
going to the Theban war, where, according to an oracle, he was to
perish, charged him to revenge his death upon Eriphyle, who had
betrayed him. _See:_ Eriphyle. As soon as he heard of his father’s
death, he murdered his mother, for which crime the Furies persecuted
him till Phlegeus purified him and gave him his daughter Alphesibœa
in marriage. Alcmæon gave her the fatal collar which his mother
had received to betray his father, and afterwards divorced her,
and married Callirhoe the daughter of Achelous, to whom he promised
the necklace which he had given to Alphesibœa. When he attempted
to recover it, Alphesibœa’s brothers murdered him on account of the
treatment which he had shown their sister, and left his body a prey
to dogs and wild beasts. Alcmæon’s children by Callirhoe revenged
their father’s death by killing his murderers. _See:_ Alphesibœa,
Amphiaraus. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 17; bk. 6, ch. 18; bk. 8, ch. 24.
――_Plutarch_, _de Exilio_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 7.――_Hyginus_,
fables 73 & 245.――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bks. 2 & 4.――_Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 2, li. 44; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, fable 10.――――A
son of Ægyptus, the husband of Hippomedusa. _Apollodorus._――――A
philosopher, disciple to Pythagoras, born in Crotona. He wrote on
physic, and he was the first who dissected animals to examine into
the structure of the human frame. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_,
bk. 6, ch. 27.――――A son of the poet Æschylus, the 13th archon of
Athens.――――A son of Syllus, driven from Messenia with the rest of
Nestor’s family, by the Heraclidæ. He came to Athens, and from him
the Alcmæonidæ were descended. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 18.

=Alcmæŏnĭdæ=, a noble family of Athens, descended from Alcmæon. They
undertook for 300 talents to rebuild the temple of Delphi, which
had been burnt, and they finished the work in a more splendid manner
than was required, in consequence of which they gained popularity,
and by their influence the Pythia prevailed upon the Lacedæmonians
to deliver their country from the tyranny of the Pisistratidæ.
_Herodotus_, bks. 5 & 6.――_Thucydides_, bk. 6, ch. 59.――_Plutarch_,
_Solon_.

=Alcman=, a very ancient lyric poet, born in Sardinia, and not at
Lacedæmon, as some suppose. He wrote in the Doric dialect six books
of verses, besides a play called Colymbosas. He flourished B.C. 670,
and died of the lousy disease. Some of his verses are preserved by
Athenæus and others. _Pliny_, bk. 11, ch. 33.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1,
ch. 41; bk. 3, ch. 15.――_Aristotle_, _History of Animals_, bk. 5,
ch. 31.

=Alcmēna=, was daughter of Electryon king of Argos, by Anaxo, whom
_Plutarch_, ♦_Theseus_ calls Lysidice, and _Diodorus_, bk. 2,
Eurymede. Her father promised his crown and his daughter to
Amphitryon, if he would revenge the death of his sons, who had been
all killed, except Licymnius, by the Teleboans, a people of Ætolia.
While Amphitryon was gone against the Ætolians, Jupiter, who was
enamoured of Alcmena, resolved to introduce himself into her bed.
The more effectually to insure success in his amour, he assumed the
form of Amphitryon, declared that he had obtained a victory over
Alcmena’s enemies, and even presented her with a cup, which he said
he had preserved from the spoils for her sake. Alcmena yielded to
her lover what she had promised to her future husband; and Jupiter,
to delay the return of Amphitryon, ordered his messenger, Mercury,
to stop the rising of Phœbus, or the sun, so that the night he
passed with Alcmena was prolonged to three long nights. Amphitryon
returned the next day; and after complaining of the coldness with
which he was received, Alcmena acquainted him with the reception
of a false lover the preceding night, and even showed him the cup
which she had received. Amphitryon was perplexed at the relation,
and more so upon missing the cup from among his spoils. He went to
the prophet Tiresias, who told him of Jupiter’s intrigue; and he
returned to his wife proud of the dignity of his rival. Alcmena
became pregnant by Jupiter, and afterwards by her husband; and when
she was going to bring forth, Jupiter boasted in heaven that a child
was to be born that day to whom he would give absolute power over
his neighbours, and even over all the children of his own blood.
Juno, who was jealous of Jupiter’s amours with Alcmena, made him
swear by the Styx, and immediately prolonged the travails of Alcmena,
and hastened the bringing forth of the wife of Sthenelus king of
Argos, who, after a pregnancy of seven months, had a son called
Eurystheus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, fable 5, &c., says that
Juno was assisted by Lucina to put off the bringing forth of Alcmena,
and that Lucina, in the form of an old woman, sat before the door
of Amphitryon with her legs and arms crossed. This posture was the
cause of infinite torment to Alcmena, till her servant, Galanthis,
supposing the old woman to be a witch, and to be the cause of the
pains of her mistress, told her that she had brought forth. Lucina
retired from her posture, and immediately Alcmena brought forth
twins, Hercules conceived by Jupiter, and Iphiclus by Amphitryon.
Eurystheus was already born, and therefore Hercules was subjected to
his power. After Amphitryon’s death, Alcmena married Rhadamanthus,
and retired to Ocalea, in Bœotia. This marriage, according to some
authors, was celebrated in the island of Leuce. The people of Megara
said that she died ♠on her way from Argos to Thebes, and that she
was buried in the temple of Jupiter Olympius. _Pausanias_, bk. 1,
ch. 41; bk. 5, ch. 18; bk. 9, ch. 16.――_Plutarch_, ♦_Theseus_ &
_Romulus_.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 11; _Iliad_, bk. 19.――_Pindar_,
_Pythian_, ♣poem 4.――_Lucian_, _Dialogi Deorum_.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.
――_Hyginus_, fable 29.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, chs. 4, 7; bk. 3,
ch. 1.――_Plautus_, _Amphitruo_.――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, chs. 43 & 45.
――――_See:_ Amphitryon, Hercules, Eurystheus.

♦ ‘de Reb. Græc.’ replaced with ‘Theseus’
♠ ‘in’ replaced with ‘on’
♣ ‘9’ replaced with ‘4’

=Alcon=, a famous archer, who one day saw his son attacked by a
serpent, and aimed at him so dexterously that he killed the beast
without hurting his son.――――A silversmith. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 13, fable 5.――――A son of Hippocoon. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch.
14.――――A surgeon under Claudius, who gained much money by his
profession, in curing hernias and fractures.――――A son of Mars.――――A
son of Amycus. These two last were at the chase of the Calydonian
boar. _Hyginus_, fable 173.

♦=Alcyŏna=, a pool of Greece, whose depth the emperor Nero attempted
in vain to find. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 37.

♦ Resorted into proper alphabetical order

=Alcyŏne=, or =Halcyŏne=, daughter of Æolus, married Ceyx, who was
drowned as he was going to Claros to consult the oracle. The gods
apprised Alcyone in a dream of her husband’s fate; and when she
found, on the morrow, his body washed on the sea-shore, she threw
herself into the sea, and was with her husband changed into birds of
the same name, who keep the waters calm and serene, while they build
and sit on their nests on the surface of the sea, for the space of 7,
11, or 14 days. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 1, li. 399.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, ch. 7.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 11, fable 10.――_Hyginus_,
fable 65.――――One of the Pleiades, daughter of Atlas. She had
Arethusa by Neptune, and Eleuthera by Apollo. She, with her sisters,
was changed into a constellation. _See:_ Pleiades. _Pausanias_, bk.
2, ch. 30; bk. 3, ch. 18.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 10.――_Hyginus_,
fable 157.――――The daughter of Evenus, carried away by Apollo after
her marriage. Her husband pursued the ravisher with his bow and
arrows, but was not able to recover her. Upon this, her parents
called her Alcyone, and compared her fate to that of the wife of
Ceyx. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 9, li. 558.――――The wife of Meleager.
_Hyginus_, fable 174.――――A town of Thessaly, where Philip,
Alexander’s father, lost one of his eyes.

=Alcyŏneus=, a youth of exemplary virtue, son to Antigonus. _Plutarch_,
_Pyrrhus_.――_Diogenes Laërtius_, bk. 4.――――A giant, brother to
Porphyrion. He was killed by Hercules. His daughters, mourning his
death, threw themselves into the sea, and were changed into Alcyons
by Amphitrite. _Claudian_, _De Raptu Proserpinæ_.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, ch. 6.

=Aldescus=, a river of European Sarmatia, rising from the Riphæan
mountains, and falling into the northern sea. _Dionysius Periegetes._

=Alduăbis.= _See:_ Dubis.

=Alea=, a surname of Minerva, from her temple built by Aleus son of
Aphidas, at Tegæa in Arcadia. The statue of the goddess made of
ivory was carried by Augustus to Rome. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, chs. 4
& 46.――――A town of Arcadia, built by Aleus. It had three famous
temples, those of Minerva, Bacchus, and Diana the Ephesian. When the
festivals of Bacchus were celebrated, the women were whipped in the
temple. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 23.

=Alēbas=, a tyrant of Larissa, killed by his own guards for his
cruelties. _Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 323.

=Alēbion= and =Dercynus=, sons of Neptune, were killed by Hercules for
stealing his oxen in Africa. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5.

=Alecto=, one of the Furies (_a_, ληγω, _non desino_), is represented
with flaming torches, her head covered with serpents, and breathing
vengeance, war, and pestilence. _See:_ Eumenides. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 7, li. 324, &c.; bk. 10, li. 41.

=Alector=, succeeded his father Anaxagoras in the kingdom of Argos,
and was father to Iphis and Capaneus. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 18.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 6.

=Alectryon=, a youth whom Mars, during his amours with Venus, stationed
at the door to watch against the approach of the sun. He fell asleep,
and Apollo came and discovered the lovers, who were exposed by
Vulcan, in each other’s arms, before all the gods. Mars was so
incensed that he changed Alectryon into a cock, which, still mindful
of his neglect, early announces the approach of the sun. _Lucian_,
_Alectryon_ [_Gallus_].

=Alectus=, a tyrant of Britain, in Diocletian’s reign, &c. He died
296 A.D.

=Alēius Campus=, a place in Lycia, where Bellerophon fell from the
horse Pegasus, and wandered over the country till the time of his
death. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 6, li. 201.――_Dionysius Periegetes_,
li. 872.――_Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 257.

=Alemanni=, or =Alamanni=, a people of Germany. They are first
mentioned in the reign of Caracalla, who was honoured with the
surname of _Alemannicus_ for a victory over them.

=Alēmon=, the father of Myscellus. He built Crotona in Magna Græcia.
Myscellus is often called Alemonides. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 15, lis. 19 & 26.

=Alemusii=, inhabitants of Attica, in whose country there was a temple
of Ceres and of Proserpine. _Pausanias_, _Attica_.

=Alens=, a place in the island of Cos.

=Aleon=, or =Ales=, a river of Ionia, near Colophon. _Pausanias_,
bk. 7, ch. 5; bk. 8, ch. 28.