Chapter M (7)

=Mutius=, the father-in-law of Caius Marius.――――A Roman who saved
the life of young Marius by conveying him away from the pursuit of
his enemies in a load of straw.――――A friend of Tiberius Gracchus,
by whose means he was raised to the office of a tribune.――――Caius
Scævola, surnamed _Cordus_, became famous for his courage and
intrepidity. When Porsenna king of Etruria had besieged Rome to
reinstate Tarquin in all his rights and privileges, Mutius determined
to deliver his country from so dangerous an enemy. He disguised
himself in the habit of a Tuscan, and as he could fluently speak the
language, he gained an easy introduction into the camp, and soon into
the royal tent. Porsenna sat alone with his secretary when Mutius
entered. The Roman rushed upon the secretary and stabbed him to the
heart, mistaking him for his royal master. This occasioned a noise,
and Mutius, unable to escape, was seized and brought before the king.
He gave no answer to the inquiries of the courtiers, and only told
them that he was a Roman; and to give them a proof of his fortitude,
he laid his right hand on an altar of burning coals, and sternly
looking at the king, and without uttering a groan, he boldly told him
that 300 young Romans like himself had conspired against his life,
and entered the camp in disguise, determined either to destroy him
or perish in the attempt. This extraordinary confession astonished
Porsenna; he made peace with the Romans, and retired from their city.
Mutius obtained the surname of _Scævola_, because he had lost the use
of his right hand by burning it in the presence of the Etrurian king.
_Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 10.――_Livy_,
bk. 2, ch. 12.――――Quintus Scævola, a Roman consul. He obtained a
victory over the Dalmatians, and signalized himself greatly in the
Marsian war. He is highly commended by Cicero, whom he instructed in
the study of civil law. _Cicero._――_Plutarch._――――Another, appointed
proconsul of Asia, which he governed with so much popularity, that
he was generally proposed to others as a pattern of equity and
moderation. Cicero speaks of him as eloquent, learned, and ingenious,
equally eminent as an orator and as a lawyer. He was murdered in the
temple of Vesta, during the civil war of Marius and Sylla, 82 years
before Christ. _Plutarch._――_Cicero_, _On Oratory_, bk. 1, ch. 48.
――_Paterculus_, bk. 2, ch. 22.

=Mutūnus=, or =Mutīnus=, a deity among the Romans, much the same as
the Priapus of the Greeks. The Roman matrons, and particularly new
married women, disgraced themselves by the obscene ceremonies which
custom obliged them to observe before the statue of this impure deity.
_Augustine_, _City of God_, bk. 4, ch. 9; bk. 6, ch. 9.――_Lactantius_,
bk. 1, ch. 20.

=Mutuscæ=, a town of Umbria. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 711.

=Muzeris=, a town of India, now _Vizindruk_. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 23.

=Myagrus=, or =Myodes=, a divinity among the Egyptians, called also
Achor. He was entreated by the inhabitants to protect them from flies
and serpents. His worship passed into Greece and Italy. _Pliny_,
bk. 10, ch. 28.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 26.

=My̆căle=, a celebrated magician, who boasted that she could draw down
the moon from her orb. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, li. 263.――――A
city and promontory of Asia Minor opposite Samos, celebrated for a
battle which was fought there between the Greeks and Persians on the
22nd of September, 479 B.C., the same day that Mardonius was defeated
at Platæa. The Persians were about 100,000 men, that had just
returned from the unsuccessful expedition of Xerxes in Greece. They
had drawn their ships to the shore and fortified themselves, as if
determined to support a siege. They suffered the Greeks to disembark
from their fleet without the least molestation, and were soon obliged
to give way before the cool and resolute intrepidity of an inferior
number of men. The Greeks obtained a complete victory, slaughtered
some thousands of the enemy, burned their camp, and sailed back to
Samos with an immense booty, in which were seventy chests of money
among other very valuable things. _Herodotus._――_Justin_, bk. 2,
ch. 14.――_Diodorus._――――A woman’s name. _Juvenal_, satire 4, li. 141.

=Mycalessus=, an inland town of Bœotia, where Ceres had a temple.
_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 19.

=My̆cēnæ=, a town of Argolis, in Peloponnesus, built by Perseus son of
Danae. It was situate on a small river at the east of the Inachus,
about 50 stadia from Argos, and received its name from Mycene,
a nymph of Laconia. It was once the capital of a kingdom, whose
monarchs reigned in the following order: Acrisius, 1344 B.C.; Perseus,
Electryon, Mæstor, and Sthenelus, and Sthenelus alone for eight years;
Atreus and Thyestes, Agamemnon, Ægysthus, Orestes, Æpytus, who was
dispossessed 1104 B.C., on the return of the Heraclidæ. The town of
Mycenæ was taken and laid in ruins by the Argives, B.C. 568; and it
was almost unknown where it stood in the age of the geographer Strabo.
_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 16.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 6, li. 839.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3. The word _Mycenæus_ is used
for Agamemnon, as he was one of the kings of Mycenæ.

=Mycēnis= (idis), a name applied to Iphigenia, as residing at Mycenæ.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, li. 34.

=Mycerīnus=, a son of Cheops king of Egypt. After the death of his
father he reigned with great justice and moderation. _Herodotus_,
bk. 2, ch. 129.

=Myciberna=, a town of the Hellespont. _Diodorus_, bk. 12.

=Mycithus=, a servant of Anaxilaus tyrant of Rhegium. He was entrusted
with the care of the kingdom, and of the children of the deceased
prince, and he exercised his power with such fidelity and moderation,
that he acquired the esteem of all the citizens, and at last restored
the kingdom to his master’s children when come to years of maturity,
and retired to peace and solitude with a small portion. He is called
by some Micalus. _Justin_, bk. 4, ch. 2.

=Mycon=, a celebrated painter, who with others assisted in making and
perfecting the _Pœcile_ of Athens. He was the rival of Polygnotus.
_Pliny_, bks. 33 & 35.――――A youth of Athens changed into a poppy by
Ceres.

=Mycŏnos= (or e), one of the Cyclades between Delos and Icaria, which
received its name from Myconus, an unknown person. It is about three
miles at the east of Delos, and is 36 miles in circumference. It
remained long uninhabited on account of the frequent earthquakes
to which it was subject. Some suppose that the giants whom Hercules
killed were buried under that island, whence arose the proverb of
_everything is under Mycone_, applied to those who treat of different
subjects under one and the same title, as if none of the defeated
giants had been buried under no other island or mountain about Mycone.
Strabo observes, and his testimony is supported by that of modern
travellers, that the inhabitants of Mycone became bald very early,
even at the age of 20 or 25, from which circumstance they were called,
by way of contempt, _the bald heads of Mycone_. Pliny says that
the children of the place were always born without hair. The island
was poor, and the inhabitants very avaricious; whence Archilochus
reproached a certain Pericles, that he came to a feast like a
Myconian, that is, without previous invitation. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 3, li. 76.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Pliny_, bk. 11, ch. 37; bk. 12,
ch. 7; bk. 14, ch. 1.――_Athenæus_, bk. 1.――_Thucydides_, bk. 3, ch.
29.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 463.

=Mydon=, one of the Trojan chiefs who defended Troy against the Greeks.
He was killed by Antilochus. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 5, li. 580.

=Myecphŏris=, a town in Egypt, in a small island near Bubastis.

=Myēnus=, a mountain of Ætolia. _Plutarch_, _de Fluviis_.

=Mygdon=, a brother of Amycus, killed in a war against Hercules.――――A
brother of Hecuba. _See:_ Mygdonus.

=Mygdŏnia=, a small province of Macedonia, near Thrace, between
the rivers Axius and Strymon. The inhabitants, called _Mygdones_,
migrated into Asia, and settled near Troas, where the country
received the name of their ancient habitation. Cybele was called
_Mygdonia_, from the worship she received in Mygdonia in Phrygia.
_Horace_, bk. 2, ode 12, li. 22; bk. 3, ode 16, li. 41.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, li. 45.――――A small province of Mesopotamia
bears also the name of Mygdonia, and was probably peopled by a
Macedonian colony. _Flaccus_, bk. 3, &c.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 10.
――_Ovid_, _Heroides_, poem 20.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ode 12.

=Mygdŏnus=, or =Mygdon=, a brother of Hecuba, Priam’s wife, who reigned
in part of Thrace. His son Corœbus was called _Mygdonides_, from him.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 341.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 3.――――A
small river running through Mesopotamia.

=Mylassa= (orum), a town of Caria. _Livy_, bk. 38, ch. 39.

=Myle=, or =Mylas=, a small river on the east of Sicily, with a town of
the same name. _Livy_, bk. 24, chs. 30 & 31.――_Suetonius_, _Augustus_,
ch. 16.――――Also a town of Thessaly, now _Mulazzo_. _Livy_, bk. 42,
ch. 54.

=Myles=, a son of Lelex.

=Mylitta=, a surname of Venus among the Assyrians, in whose temples
all the women were obliged to prostitute themselves to strangers.
_Herodotus_, bk. 1, chs. 131 & 199.――_Strabo_, bk. 16.

=Myndus=, a maritime town of Caria near Halicarnassus. _Cicero_,
_Letters to his Friends_, bk. 3, ltr. 8.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 16.
――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 29.

=Mynes=, a prince of Lyrnessus, who married Briseis. He was killed by
Achilles, and his wife became the property of the conqueror. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 3.

=Myniæ.= _See:_ Minyæ.

=Myŏnia=, a town of Phocis. _Pausanias._

=Myonēsus=, a town and promontory of Ionia, now _Jalanghi-Liman_.
_Livy_, bk. 37, chs. 13 & 27.

=Myra= (orum, or æ), a town of Lycia, on a high hill, two miles from
the sea. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 27.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.

=Myriandros=, a town of Seleucia in Syria, on the bay of Issus, which
is sometimes called _Sinus Myriandricus_. _Livy_, bk. 2, ch. 108.

=Myrīna=, a maritime town of Æolia, called also _Sebastopolis_, and
now _Sanderlic_. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 47.――_Livy_, bk. 33,
ch. 30.――_Strabo_, bk. 13.――――A queen of the Amazons, &c. _Dionysius
of Halicarnassus_, bk. 4.――――A town of Lemnos, now _Palio Castro_.
_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.――――A town of Asia, destroyed by an earthquake
in Trajan’s reign.――――The wife of Thoas king of Lemnos, by whom she
had ♦Hypsipyle.

♦ ‘Hipsipyle’ replaced with ‘Hypsipyle’ for consistency

=Myrīnus=, a surname of Apollo, from Myrina in Æolia, where he was
worshipped.――――A gladiator. _Martial_, bk. 12, ltr. 29.

=Myriœ=, a town of Arcadia, called also Megalopolis.

=Myrlææ=, or =Apamea=, a town of Bithynia. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 32.

=Myrmecĭdes=, an artist of Miletus, mentioned as making chariots
so small that they could be covered by the wing of a fly. He also
inscribed an elegiac distich on a grain of Indian sesamum. _Cicero_,
bk. 4, _Academica._――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 1.

=Myrmĭdŏnes=, a people on the southern borders of Thessaly, who
accompanied Achilles to the Trojan war. They received their name from
Myrmidon, a son of Jupiter and Eurymedusa, who married one of the
daughters of Æolus son of Hellen. His son Actor married Ægina the
daughter of the Asopus. He gave his name to his subjects, who dwelt
near the river Peneus in Thessaly. According to some, the Myrmidons
received their name from their having been originally ants, μυρμηκες.
_See:_ Æacus. According to Strabo, they received it from their
industry, because they imitated the diligence of the ants, and like
them were indefatigable, and were continually employed in cultivating
the earth. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 654.――_Strabo._
――_Hyginus_, fable 52.

=Myron=, a tyrant of Sicyon.――――A man of Priene, who wrote a history
of Messenia. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 6.――――A celebrated statuary of
Greece, peculiarly happy in imitating nature. He made a cow so much
resembling life, that even bulls were deceived and approached her
as if alive, as is frequently mentioned by many epigrams in the
Anthologia. He flourished about 442 years before Christ. _Ovid_,
_Ars Amatoria_, bk. 3, li. 319.――_Pausanias._――_Juvenal_ satire 8.
――_Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 41.

=Myronianus=, an historian. _Diogenes Laërtius._

=Myronides=, an Athenian general who conquered the Thebans. _Polyænus._

=Myrrha=, a daughter of Cinyras king of Cyprus. She became enamoured
of her father, and introduced herself into his bed unknown. She had
a son by him, called Adonis. When Cinyras was apprised of the incest
he had committed, he attempted to stab his daughter, and Myrrha
fled into Arabia, where she was changed into a tree called myrrh.
_Hyginus_, fables 58 & 275.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 10, li. 298.
――_Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3.

=Myrsĭlus=, a son of Myrsus, the last of the Heraclidæ who reigned in
Lydia. He is also called Candaules. _See:_ Candaules.

=Myrsus=, the father of Candaules. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 7.――――A
Greek historian in the age of Solon.

=Myrtăle=, a courtesan of Rome, mistress to the poet Horace, bk. 1,
ode 33.

=Myrtea=, a surname of Venus. _See:_ Murtia.

=Myrtĭlus=, son of Mercury and Phaetusa, or Cleobule, or Clymene, was
arm-bearer to Œnomaus king of Pisa. He was so experienced in riding
and in the management of horses, that he rendered those of Œnomaus
the swiftest in all Greece. His infidelity proved at last fatal
to him. Œnomaus had been informed by an oracle that his daughter
Hippodamia’s husband would cause his death, and on that account
he resolved to marry her only to him who should overcome him in a
chariot race. This seemed totally impossible, and to render it more
terrible, Œnomaus declared that death would be the consequence of a
defeat in the suitors. The charms of Hippodamia were so great, that
many sacrificed their life in the fruitless endeavour to obtain her
hand. Pelops at last presented himself, undaunted at the fate of
those who had gone before him, but before he entered the course he
bribed Myrtilus, and assured him that he should share Hippodamia’s
favours if he returned victorious from the race. Myrtilus, who was
enamoured of Hippodamia, gave an old chariot to Œnomaus, which broke
in the course and caused his death. Pelops gained the victory, and
married Hippodamia; and when Myrtilus had the audacity to claim the
reward promised to his perfidy, Pelops threw him headlong into the
sea, where he perished. The body of Myrtilus, according to some,
was carried by the waves to the sea-shore, where he received an
honourable burial, and as he was the son of Mercury, he was made
a constellation. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Hyginus_, fable 84 & 224.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 14.――_Apollonius_, bk. 1.

=Myrtis=, a Greek woman who distinguished herself by her poetical
talents. She flourished about 500 years B.C., and instructed the
celebrated Corinna in the several rules of versification. Pindar
himself, as some report, was also one of her pupils.

=Myrtōum mare=, a part of the Ægean sea which lies between Eubœa,
Attica, and Peloponnesus, as far as cape Melea. It receives this
name from Myrto, a woman; or from Myrtos, a small island opposite
to Carystos in Eubœa; or from Myrtilus the son of Mercury, who was
drowned there, &c. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 14.――_Hyginus_, fable 84.
――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.

=Myrtuntium=, a name given to that part of the sea which lies on the
coast of Epirus, between the bay of Ambracia and Leucas.

=Myrtūsa=, a mountain of Libya. _Callimachus_, _Hymn to Apollo_.

=Mys= (Myos), an artist famous in working and polishing silver. He
beautifully represented the battle of the Centaurs and Lapithæ, on a
shield in the hand of Minerva’s statue made by Phidias. _Pausanias_,
bk. 1, ch. 28.――_Martial_, bk. 8, ltrs. 34 & 51; bk. 14, ltr. 93.
――_Propertius_, bk. 3, poem 9, li. 14.

=Myscellus=, or =Miscellus=, a native of Rhypæ in Achaia, who founded
Crotona in Italy according to an oracle, which told him to build a
city where he found rain with fine weather. The meaning of the oracle
long perplexed him, till he found a beautiful woman all in tears in
Italy, which circumstance he interpreted in his favour. According
to some, Myscellus, who was the son of Hercules, went out of
Argos without the permission of the magistrates, for which he was
condemned to death. The judges had put each a black ball as a sign
of condemnation, but Hercules changed them all and made them white,
and had his son acquitted, upon which Myscellus left Greece and came
to Italy, where he built Crotona. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15,
li. 19.――_Strabo_, bks. 6 & 8.――_Suidas._

=Mysia=, a country of Asia Minor, generally divided into major and
minor. Mysia minor was bounded on the north and west by the Propontis
and Bithynia, and Phrygia on the southern and eastern borders. Mysia
major had Æolia on the south, the Ægean on the west, and Phrygia on
the north and east. Its chief cities were Cyzicum, Lampsacus, &c.
The inhabitants were once very warlike, but they greatly degenerated;
and the words _Mysorum ultimus_ were emphatically used to signify a
person of no merit. The ancients generally hired them to attend their
funerals as mourners, because they were naturally melancholy and
inclined to shed tears. They were once governed by monarchs. They
are supposed to be descended from the Mysians of Europe, a nation
which inhabited that part of Thrace which was situate between mount
Hæmus and the Danube. _Strabo._――_Herodotus_, bk. 1, &c.――_Cicero_,
_Against Verres_.――_Flaccus_, ch. 27.――_Florus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.
――_Appian_, _Mithridatic Wars_.――――A festival in honour of Ceres,
surnamed Mysia from Mysias, an Argive, who raised her a temple near
Pallene in Achaia. Some derive the words ἀπο του μυσιαν, _to cloy_,
or _satisfy_, because Ceres was the first who satisfied the wants of
men by giving them corn. The festival continued during seven days, &c.

=Myson=, a native of Sparta, one of the seven wise men of Greece.
When Anacharsis consulted the oracle of Apollo, to know which was
the wisest man in Greece, he received for answer, he who was now
ploughing his fields. This was Myson. _Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives
and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers_.

=Mystes=, a son of the poet Valgius, whose early death was so lamented
by the father, that Horace wrote an ode to allay the grief of his
friend. _Horace_, bk. 2, ode 9.

=Mythecus=, a sophist of Syracuse. He studied cookery, and when he
thought himself sufficiently skilled in dressing meat, he went to
Sparta, where he gained much practice, especially among the younger
citizens. He was soon after expelled the city by the magistrates, who
observed that the aid of Mythecus was unnecessary, as hunger was the
best seasoning.

=My̆tilēne.= _See:_ Mitylene.

=Myus= (_Myuntis_), a town of Ionia on the confines of Caria, founded
by a Grecian colony. It is one of the 12 capital cities of Ionia,
situate at the distance of about 30 stadia from the mouth of the
Mæander. Artaxerxes king of Persia gave it to Themistocles to
maintain him in meat. Magnesia was to support him in bread, and
Lampsacus in wine. _Cornelius Nepos_, _Themistocles_.――_Strabo_,
bk. 14.――_Herodotus_, bk. 4, ch. 142.――_Diodorus_, bk. 11.

N

=Nabazanes=, an officer of Darius III., at the battle of Issus. He
conspired with Bessus to murder his royal master, either to obtain
the favour of Alexander or to seize the kingdom. He was pardoned by
Alexander. _Curtius_, bk. 3, &c.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17.

=Năbăthæa=, a country of Arabia, of which the capital was called Petra.
The word is often applied to any of the eastern countries of the
world by the poets, and seems to be derived from Nabath the son of
Ishmael. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 61; bk. 5, li. 163.
――_Strabo_, bk. 16.――_Lucan_, bk. 4, li. 63.――_Juvenal_, satire 11,
li. 126.――_Seneca_, _Hercules Œtaeus_, li. 160, &c.

=Nābis=, a celebrated tyrant of Lacedæmon, who in all acts of cruelty
and oppression surpassed a Phalaris or a Dionysius. His house was
filled with flatterers and with spies, who were continually employed
in watching the words and the actions of his subjects. When he had
exercised every art in plundering the citizens of Sparta, he made a
statue, which in resemblance was like his wife, and was clothed in
the most magnificent apparel, and whenever any one refused to deliver
up his riches, the tyrant led him to the statue, which immediately,
by means of secret springs, seized him in its arms, and tormented him
in the most excruciating manner with bearded points and prickles, hid
under the clothes. To render his tyranny more popular, Nabis made an
alliance with Flaminius the Roman general, and pursued with the most
inveterate enmity the war which he had undertaken against the Achæans.
He besieged Gythium and defeated Philopœmen in a naval battle. His
triumph was short; the general of the Achæans soon repaired his
losses, and Nabis was defeated in an engagement, and treacherously
murdered, as he attempted to save his life by flight, B.C. 192, after
a usurpation of 14 years. _Polybius_, bk. 13.――_Justin_, bks. 30 & 31.
――_Plutarch_, _Philopœmen_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 8.――_Florus_,
bk. 2, ch. 7.――――A priest of Jupiter Ammon, killed in the second
Punic war, as he fought against the Romans. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 15,
li. 672.

=Nabonassar=, a king of Babylon, after the division of the Assyrian
monarchy. From him the _Nabonassarean epoch_ received its name,
agreeing with the year of the world 3237, or 746 B.C.

=Nacri campi=, a place of Gallia Togata near Mutina. _Livy_, bk. 41,
ch. 18.

=Nadagara.= _See:_ ♦Nagara.

♦ reference not found

=Nænia=, the goddess of funerals at Rome, whose temple was without the
gates of the city. The songs which were sung at funerals were also
called _nænia_. They were generally filled with the praises of the
deceased, but sometimes they were so unmeaning and improper, that the
word became proverbial to signify nonsense. _Varro_, ♦_Antiquitates
rerum humanarum et divinarum_.――_Plautus_, _Asinaria_. ♠act 4,
scene 1, li. 63.

♦ ‘de Vitâ P. R.’ replaced with ‘Antiquitates rerum humanarum
et divinarum’
♠ ‘41’ replaced with ‘4’

=Cnæus Nævius=, a Latin poet in the first Punic war. He was originally
in the Roman armies, but afterwards he applied himself to study and
wrote comedies, besides a poetical account of the first Punic war,
in which he had served. His satirical disposition displeased the
consul Metellus, who drove him from Rome. He passed the rest of his
life in Utica, where he died, about 203 years before the christian
era. Some fragments of his poetry are extant. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ
Disputationes_, bk. 1, ch. 1; _de Senectute_.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ltr.
1, li. 53.――――A tribune of the people at Rome, who accused Scipio
Africanus of extortion.――――An augur in the reign of Tarquin. To
convince the king and the Romans of his power as an augur, he cut
a flint with a razor, and turned the ridicule of the populace into
admiration. Tarquin rewarded his merit by erecting to him a statue
in the _comitium_, which was still in being in the age of Augustus.
The razor and flint were buried near it under an altar, and it was
usual among the Romans to make witnesses in civil causes swear near
it. This miraculous event of cutting a flint with a razor, though
believed by some writers, is treated as fabulous and improbable by
Cicero, who himself had been an augur. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus._
――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 36.――_Cicero_, _de Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 17;
_De Natura Deorum_, bk. 2, ch. 3; bk. 3, ch. 6.

=Nævŏlus=, an infamous pimp in Domitian’s reign. _Juvenal_, satire 9,
li. 1.

=Naharvali=, a people of Germany. _Tacitus_, _Germania_, ch. 43.

=Nāiădes=, or =Naides=, certain inferior deities who presided over
rivers, springs, wells, and fountains. The Naiades generally
inhabited the country, and resorted to the woods or meadows near the
stream over which they presided, whence the name (ναιειν, _to flow_).
They are represented as young and beautiful virgins, often leaning
upon an urn, from which flows a stream of water. Ægle was the
fairest of the Naiades, according to Virgil. They were held in great
veneration among the ancients, and often sacrifices of goats and
lambs were offered to them, with libations of wine, honey, and oil.
Sometimes they received only offerings of milk, fruit, and flowers.
_See:_ Nymphæ. _Virgil_, _Eclogues_.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14,
li. 328.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 13.

=Nais=, one of the Oceanides, mother of Chiron or Glaucus by Magnes.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――――A nymph, mother by Bucolion of Ægesus
and Pedasus. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 6.――――A nymph in an island of
the Red sea, who by her incantations turned to fishes all those
who approached her residence, after she had admitted them to her
embraces. She was herself changed into a fish by Apollo. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 49, &c.――――The word is used for water
by _Tibullus_, bk. 3, poem 7.

=Naissus=, or =Nessus=, now _Nissa_, a town of Mœsia, the birthplace of
Constantine, ascribed by some to Illyricum or Thrace.

=Nantuates=, a people of Gaul near the Alps. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_,
bk. 3, ch. 1.

=Napææ=, certain divinities among the ancients, who presided over the
hills and woods of the country. Some suppose that they were tutelary
deities of the fountains, and the Naiades of the sea. Their name is
derived from ναπη, _a grove_. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 4, li. 535.

=Napata=, a town of Æthiopia.

=Naphĭlus=, a river of Peloponnesus, falling into the Alpheus.
_Pausanias_, bk. 1.

=Nar=, now _Nera_, a river of Umbria, whose waters, famous for
their sulphureous properties, pass through the lake Velinus, and
issuing from thence with great rapidity, fall into the Tiber.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 330.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7,
li. 517.――_Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 4, ltr. 15.――_Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 1, ch. 79; bk. 3, ch. 9.

=Narbo Martius=, now _Narbonne_, a town of Gaul, founded by the consul
Marcius, A.U.C. 636. It became the capital of a large province of
Gaul, which obtained the name of Gallia _Narbonensis_. _Paterculus_,
bk. 1, ch. 15; bk. 2, ch. 8.――_Pliny_, bk. 3.

=Narbonensis Gallia=, one of the four great divisions of ancient Gaul,
was bounded by the Alps, the Pyrenean mountains, Aquitania, Belgicum,
and the Mediterranean, and contained the modern provinces of
Languedoc, Provence, Dauphiné, and Savoy.

=Narcæus=, a son of Bacchus and Physcoa. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 15.

=Narcea=, a surname of Minerva in Elis, from her temple there, erected
by Narcæus.

=Narcissus=, a beautiful youth, son of Cephisus and the nymph Liriope,
born at Thespis in Bœotia. He saw his image reflected in a fountain,
and became enamoured of it, thinking it to be the nymph of the place.
His fruitless attempts to approach this beautiful object so provoked
him, that he grew desperate and killed himself. His blood was changed
into a flower, which still bears his name. The nymphs raised a
funeral pile to burn his body, according to Ovid, but they found
nothing but a beautiful flower. Pausanias says that Narcissus had a
sister as beautiful as himself, of whom he became deeply enamoured.
He often hunted in the woods in her company, but his pleasure was
soon interrupted by her death; and still to keep afresh her memory,
he frequented the groves, where he had often attended her, or
reposed himself on the brim of a fountain, where the sight of his
own reflected image still awakened tender sentiments. _Pausanias_,
bk. 9, ch. 21.――_Hyginus_, fable 271.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3,
li. 346, &c.――_Philostratus_, bk. 1.――――A freedman and secretary of
Claudius, who abused his trust and the infirmities of his imperial
master, and plundered the citizens of Rome to enrich himself.
Messalina, the emperor’s wife, endeavoured to remove him, but
Narcissus sacrificed her to his avarice and resentment. Agrippina,
who succeeded in the place of Messalina, was more successful.
Narcissus was banished by her intrigues, and compelled to kill
himself, A.D. 54. The emperor greatly regretted his loss, as he had
found him subservient to his most criminal and extravagant pleasures.
_Tacitus._――_Suetonius._――――A favourite of the emperor Nero, put to
death by Galba.――――A wretch who strangled the emperor Commodus.

=Nargara=, a town of Africa, where Hannibal and Scipio came to a parley.
_Livy_, bk. 30, ch. 29.

=Narisci=, a nation of Germany, in the Upper Palatinate. _Tacitus_,
_Germania_, ch. 42.

=Narnia=, or =Narna=, anciently _Nequinum_, now _Narni_, a town of
Umbria, washed by the river Nar, from which it received its name. In
its neighbourhood are still visible the remains of an aqueduct and of
a bridge, erected by Augustus. _Livy_, bk. 10, ch. 9.

=Naro=, now _Narenta_, a river of Dalmatia, falling into the Adriatic,
and having the town of _Narona_, now called _Narenza_, on its banks,
a little above the mouth.

=Narses=, a king of Persia, A.D. 294, defeated by Maximianus Galerius,
after a reign of seven years.――――A eunuch in the court of Justinian,
who was deemed worthy to succeed Belisarius, &c.――――A Persian general,
&c.

=Narthēcis=, a small island near Samos.

=Narycia=, =Narycium=, or =Naryx=, a town of Magna Græcia, built by
a colony of Locrians after the fall of Troy. The place in Greece
from which they came bore the same name, and was the country of
Ajax Oileus. The word _Narycian_ is more universally understood as
applying to the Italian colony, near which pines and other trees grew
in abundance. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 438; _Æneid_, bk. 3,
li. 399.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 705.

=Nasămōnes=, a savage people of Libya near the Syrtes, who generally
lived upon plunder. _Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 7.――_Lucan_, bk. 9, li. 439.
――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 165.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 2, li. 116;
bk. 11, li. 180.

=Nascio=, or =Natio=, a goddess at Rome who presided over the birth of
children. She had a temple at Ardea. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_,
bk. 3, ch. 18.

=Nasīca=, the surname of one of the Scipios. Nasica was the first who
invented the measuring of time by water, B.C. 159, about 134 years
after the introduction of sun-dials at Rome. _See:_ Scipio.――――An
avaricious fellow who married his daughter to Coranus, a man as
mean as himself, that he might not only not repay the money he
had borrowed, but moreover become his creditor’s heir. Coranus,
understanding his meaning, purposely alienated his property from
him and his daughter, and exposed him to ridicule. _Horace_, bk. 2,
satire 5, li. 64, &c.

=Nasidiēnus=, a Roman knight, whose luxury, arrogance, and ostentation,
exhibited at an entertainment which he gave to Mecænas, were
ridiculed by Horace, bk. 2, satire 8.

=Lucius Nasidius=, a man sent by Pompey to assist the people of
Massilia. After the battle of Pharsalia, he followed the interests
of Pompey’s children, and afterwards revolted to Antony. _Appian._

=Naso=, one of the murderers of Julius Cæsar.――――One of Ovid’s names.
_See:_ Ovidius.

=Nassus=, or =Nasus=, a town of Acarnania, near the mouth of the
Achelous. _Livy_, bk. 26, ch. 24. Also a part of the town of Syracuse.

=Nasua=, a general of the Suevi, when Cæsar was in Gaul.

=Natālis Antonius=, a Roman knight who conspired against Nero with
Piso. He was pardoned for discovering the conspiracy, &c. _Tacitus_,
_Annals_, bk. 15, ch. 50.

=Natiso=, now _Natisone_, a river rising in the Alps, and falling into
the Adriatic east of Aquileia. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 18.

=Natta=, a man whose manner of living was so mean, that his name became
almost proverbial at Rome. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 6, li. 224.

=Nava=, now _Nape_, a river of Germany, falling into the Rhine at
Bingen, below Mentz. _Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 4, ch. 70.

=Naubŏlus=, a charioteer of Laius king of Thebes.――――A Phocean, father
of Iphitus. The sons of Iphitus were called _Naubolides_, from their
grandfather.――――A son of Lernus, one of the Argonauts.

=Naucles=, a general of the mercenary troops of Lacedæmon against
Thebes, &c.

=Naucrătes=, a Greek poet, who was employed by Artemisia to write a
panegyric upon Mausolus.――――Another poet. _Athenæus_, bk. 9.――――An
orator who endeavoured to alienate the cities of Lycia from the
interest of Brutus.

=Naucrătis=, a city of Egypt on the left side of the Canopic mouth
of the Nile. It was celebrated for its commerce, and no ship was
permitted to land at any other place, but was obliged to sail
directly to the city, there to deposit its cargo. It gave birth to
Athenæus. The inhabitants were called _Naucratitæ_, or _Naucratiotæ_.
_Herodotus_, bk. 2, chs. 97 & 179.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 9.

=Navius Actius=, a famous augur. _See:_ Nævius.

=Naulŏchus=, a maritime town of Sicily near Pelorum.――――A town of
Thrace on the Euxine sea. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.――――A promontory of
the island of Imbros.――――A town of the Locri. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 3.

=Naupactus=, or =Naupactum=, a city of Ætolia, at the mouth of the
Evenus, now called _Lepanto_. The word is derived from ναυς and
πηγνυμι because it was there that the Heraclidæ _built_ the first
_ship_, which carried them to Peloponnesus. It first belonged to the
Locri Ozolæ, and afterwards fell into the hands of the Athenians,
who gave it to the Messenians, who had been driven from Peloponnesus
by the Lacedæmonians. It became the property of the Lacedæmonians,
after the battle of Ægospotamos, and it was restored to the Locri.
Philip of Macedonia afterwards took it, and gave it to the Ætolians,
from which circumstance it has generally been called one of the chief
cities of their country. _Strabo_, bk. 4.――_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 25.
――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2, li. 43.

=Nauplia=, a maritime city of Peloponnesus, the naval station of the
Argives. The famous fountain Canathos was in its neighbourhood.
_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 38.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.

=Naupliădes=, a patronymic of Palamedes son of Nauplius. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, li. 39.

=Nauplius=, a son of Neptune and Amymone, king of Eubœa. He was father
to the celebrated Palamedes, who was so unjustly sacrificed to the
artifice and resentment of Ulysses by the Greeks during the Trojan
war. The death of Palamedes highly irritated Nauplius, and to avenge
the injustice of the Grecian princes, he attempted to debauch their
wives and ruin their character. When the Greeks returned from the
Trojan war, Nauplius saw them with pleasure distressed in a storm on
the coasts of Eubœa, and to make their disaster still more universal,
he lighted fires on such places as were surrounded with the most
dangerous rocks, that the fleet might be shipwrecked upon the coast.
This succeeded, but Nauplius was so disappointed when he saw Ulysses
and Diomedes escape from the general calamity, that he threw himself
into the sea. According to some mythologists, there were two persons
of this name.――――A native of Argos, who went to Colchis with Jason.
He was son of Neptune and Amymone. The other was king of Eubœa,
and lived during the Trojan war. He was, according to some, son
of Clytonas, one of the descendants of Nauplius the Argonaut. The
Argonaut was remarkable for his knowledge of sea affairs, and of
astronomy. He built the town of Nauplia, and sold Auge daughter of
Aleus to king Teuthras, to withdraw her from her father’s resentment.
_Orpheus_, _Argonautica_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Apollonius_,
bk. 1, &c.――_Flaccus_, bks. 1 & 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 35.――_Hyginus_, fable 116.

=Nauportus=, a town of Pannonia on a river of the same name, now called
_Ober_, or _Upper Laybach_. _Velleius Paterculus_, bk. 2, ch. 110.
――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 18.――_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 1, ch. 20.

=Naura=, a country of Scythia in Asia. _Curtius_, bk. 3.――――Of India
within the Ganges. _Arrian._

=Nausĭcaa=, a daughter of Alcinous king of the Phæaceans. She met
Ulysses shipwrecked on her father’s coasts, and it was to her
humanity that he owed the kind reception which he experienced from
the king. She married, according to Aristotle and Dictys, Telemachus
the son of Ulysses, by whom she had a son called Perseptolis or
Ptoliporthus. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 6.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 19.
――_Hyginus_, fable 126.

=Nausĭcles=, an Athenian, sent to assist the Phocians with 5000 foot, &c.

=Nausīmĕnes=, an Athenian, whose wife lost her voice from the alarm she
received in seeing her son guilty of incest.

=Nausithoe=, one of the Nereides.

=Nausithous=, a king of the Phæaceans, father to Alcinous. He was son
of Neptune and Peribœa. Hesiod makes him son of Ulysses and Calypso.
_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, bk. 1, li. 16.――――The pilot of the vessel which
carried Theseus into Crete.

=Naustathmus=, a port of Phocæa in Ionia. _Livy_, bk. 37, ch. 31.
――――Also a part of Cyrenaica, now _Bondaria_. _Strabo_, bk. 17.

=Nautes=, a Trojan soothsayer, who comforted Æneas when his fleet had
been burnt in Sicily. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 704. He was the
progenitor of the Nautii at Rome, a family to whom the Palladium of
Troy was, in consequence of the service of their ancestors, entrusted.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 794.

=Naxos=, now _Naxia_, a celebrated island in the Ægean sea, the
largest and most fertile of all the Cyclades, about 105 miles in
circumference, and 30 broad. It was formerly called _Strongyle_,
_Dia_, _Dionysias_, and _Callipolis_, and received the name of Naxos
from Naxus, who was at the head of a Carian colony, which settled
in the island. Naxos abounds with all sorts of fruits, and its
wines are still in the same repute as formerly. The Naxians were
anciently governed by kings, but they afterwards exchanged this form
of government for a republic, and enjoyed their liberty till the age
of Pisistratus, who appointed a tyrant over them. They were reduced
by the Persians; but in the expedition of Darius and Xerxes against
Greece, they revolted and fought on the side of the Greeks. During
the Peloponnesian war, they supported the interest of Athens. Bacchus
was the chief deity of the island. The capital was also called
Naxos; and near it, on the 20th Sept., B.C. 377, the Lacedæmonians
were defeated by Chabrias. _Thucydides_, bk. 1, &c.――_Herodotus._
――_Diodorus_, bk. 5, &c.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3, li. 636.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 125.――_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 16.
――_Pindar._――――An ancient town on the eastern side of Sicily, founded
759 years before the christian era. There was also another town at
the distance of five miles from Naxos, which bore the same name, and
was often called, by contradistinction, _Taurominium_. _Pliny_, bk. 3.
――_Diodorus_, bk. 13.――――A town of Crete, noted for hones. _Pliny_,
bk. 36, ch. 7.――――A Carian who gave his name to the greatest of the
Cyclades.

=Nazianzus=, a town of Cappadocia where St. Gregory was born, and hence
he is called _Nazianzenus_.

=Nea=, or =Nova insula=, a small island between Lemnos and the
Hellespont, which rose out of the sea during an earthquake. _Pliny_,
bk. 2, ch. 87.

=Neæra=, a nymph, mother of Phaetusa and Lampetia by the Sun. _Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 12.――――A woman mentioned by Virgil’s _Eclogues_,
poem 3.――――A mistress of the poet Tibullus.――――A favourite of Horace.
――――A daughter of Pereus, who married Aleus, by whom she had Cepheus,
Lycurgus, and Auge, who was ravished by Hercules. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 9.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 4.――――The wife of Autolycus.
_Pausanias._――――A daughter of Niobe and Amphion.――――The wife of
Strymon. _Apollodorus._

=Neæthus=, now _Neto_, a river of Magna Græcia near Crotona. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 51.

=Nealces=, a friend of Turnus in his war against Æneas. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 753.

=Nealices=, a painter, amongst whose capital pieces are mentioned a
painting of Venus, a sea-fight between the Persians and Egyptians,
and an ass drinking on the shore, with a crocodile preparing to
attack it.

=Neandros= (or ia), a town of Troas. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 30.

=Neanthes=, an orator and historian of Cyzicum, who flourished 257
years B.C.

=Neapŏlis=, a city of Campania, anciently called Parthenope, and now
known by the name of Naples, rising like an amphitheatre at the back
of a beautiful bay 30 miles in circumference. As the capital of that
part of Italy, it is now inhabited by upwards of 350,000 souls, who
exhibit the opposite marks of extravagant magnificence, and extreme
poverty. Augustus called it Neapolis. _Suetonius_, _Augustus_, ch. 98.
――――A town in Africa.――――A city of Thrace.――――A town of Egypt,――――of
Palestine,――――of Ionia.――――Also a part of Syracuse. _Livy_, bk. 25,
ch. 24.――_Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 5.

=Nearchus=, an officer of Alexander in his Indian expedition. He
was ordered to sail upon the Indian ocean with Onesicritus, and to
examine it. He wrote an account of this voyage and of the king’s life;
but his veracity has been called in question by Arrian. After the
king’s death he was appointed over Lycia and Pamphylia. _Curtius_, bk.
9, ch. 10.――_Polyænus_, bk. 9.――_Justin_, bk. 13, ch. 4.――_Strabo_,
bk. 2, &c.――――A beautiful youth, &c. _Horace_, bk. 3, ode 20.――――An
old man mentioned by Cicero, _de Senectute_.

=Nebo=, a high mountain near Palestine, beyond Jordan, from the top of
which Moses was permitted to view the promised land.

=Nebrissa=, a town of Spain, now _Lebrixa_.

=Nebrōdes=, a mountain of Sicily, where the Himera rises. _Silius
Italicus_, bk. 14, li. 237.

=Nebrophŏnos=, a son of Jason and Hypsipyle. _Apollodorus._――――One of
Actæon’s dogs. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3.

=Nebŭla=, a name given to Nephele the wife of Athamas. _Lactantius
[Placidus]_ on _Achilleid_ of _Statius_, bk. 1, ch. 65.

=Necessĭtas=, a divinity who presided over the destinies of mankind,
and who was regarded as the mother of the Parcæ. _Pausanias_, bk. 2,
ch. 4.

=Nechos=, a king of Egypt, who attempted to make a communication
between the Mediterranean and Red seas, B.C. 610. No less than
12,000 men perished in the attempt. It was discovered in his reign
that Africa was circumnavigable. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 158; bk. 4,
ch. 42.

=Necropŏlis=, one of the suburbs of Alexandria.

=Nectanēbus= and =Nectanābis=, a king of Egypt, who defended his
country against the Persians, and was succeeded by Tachos, B.C. 363.
His grandson, of the same name, made an alliance with Agesilaus king
of Sparta, and with his assistance he quelled a rebellion of his
subjects. Some time after he was joined by the Sidonians, Phœnicians,
and inhabitants of Cyprus, who had revolted from the king of Persia.
This powerful confederacy was soon attacked by Darius the king of
Persia, who marched at the head of his troops. Nectanebus, to defend
his frontiers against so dangerous an enemy, levied 20,000 mercenary
soldiers in Greece, the same number in Libya, and 60,000 were
furnished in Egypt. This numerous body was not equal to the Persian
forces; and Nectanebus, defeated in a battle, gave up all hopes of
resistance, and fled into Æthiopia, B.C. 350, where he found a safe
asylum. His kingdom of Egypt became from that time tributary to the
king of Persia. _Plutarch_, _Agesilaus_.――_Diodorus_, bk. 16, &c.
――_Polyænus._――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Agesilaus_.

=Necysia=, a solemnity observed by the Greeks in memory of the dead.

=Neis=, the wife of Endymion. _Apollodorus._

=Neleus=, a son of Neptune and Tyro. He was brother to Pelias,
with whom he was exposed by his mother, who wished to conceal her
infirmities from her father. They were preserved and brought to Tyro,
who had then married Cretheus king of Iolchos. After the death of
Cretheus, Pelias and Neleus seized the kingdom of Iolchos, which
belonged to Æson, the lawful son of Tyro by the deceased monarch.
After they had reigned for some time conjointly, Pelias expelled
Neleus from Iolchos. Neleus came to Aphareus king of Messenia, who
treated him with kindness, and permitted him to build a city, which
he called Pylos. Neleus married Chloris the daughter of Amphion,
by whom he had a daughter and 12 sons, who were all, except Nestor,
killed by Hercules, together with their father. Neleus promised
his daughter in marriage only to him who brought him the bulls of
Iphiclus. Bias was the successful lover. _See:_ Melampus. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, li. 418.――_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 36.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 2, ch. 6.――――A river of Eubœa.

=Nelo=, one of the Danaides. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2.

=Nemæa=, a town of Argolis between Cleonæ and Phlius, with a wood,
where Hercules, in the 16th year of his age, killed the celebrated
Nemæan lion. This animal, born of the hundred-headed Typhon, infested
the neighbourhood of Nemæa, and kept the inhabitants under continual
alarms. It was the first labour of Hercules to destroy it; and the
hero, when he found that his arrows and his club were useless against
an animal whose skin was hard and impenetrable, seized him in his
arms and squeezed him to death. The conqueror clothed himself in the
skin, and games were instituted to commemorate so great an event. The
Nemæan games were originally instituted by the Argives in honour of
Archemorus, who died by the bite of a serpent [_See:_ Archemorus],
and Hercules some time after renewed them. They were one of the four
great and solemn games which were observed in Greece. The Argives,
Corinthians, and the inhabitants of Cleonæ generally presided by
turns at the celebration, in which were exhibited foot and horse
races, chariot races, boxing, wrestling, and contests of every kind,
both gymnical and equestrian. The conqueror was rewarded with a crown
of olives, afterwards of green parsley, in memory of the adventure of
Archemorus, whom his nurse laid down on a sprig of that plant. They
were celebrated every third, or, according to others, every fifth
year, or more properly on the first and third year of every Olympiad,
on the 12th day of the Corinthian month _Panemos_, which corresponds
to our August. They served as an era to the Argives, and to the
inhabitants of the neighbouring country. It was always usual for
an orator to pronounce a funeral oration in memory of the death
of Archemorus, and those who distributed the prizes were always
dressed in mourning. _Livy_, bk. 27, chs. 30 & 31; bk. 34, ch. 41.
――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, li. 97, _Epistles_, ltr. 9, li. 61.
――_Pausanias_, _Corinthia_.――_Clement of Alexandria._――_Athenæus.
_――_Polyænus._――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Hyginus_, fables 30 & 273.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 6.――――A river of Peloponnesus falling
into the bay of Corinth. _Livy_, bk. 33, ch. 15.

=Nemausus=, a town of Gaul, in Languedoc, near the mouth of the Rhone,
now _Nismes_.

=Nemesia=, festivals in honour of Nemesis. _See:_ Nemesis.

=Marcus Aurelius Olympius Nemesiānus=, a Latin poet, born at Carthage,
of no very brilliant talents, in the third century, whose poems on
hunting and bird-catching were published by Burman, inter scriptores
rei venaticæ, 4to, Leiden, 1728.

=Nĕmĕsis=, one of the infernal deities, daughter of Nox. She was the
goddess of vengeance, always prepared to punish impiety, and at the
same time liberally to reward the good and virtuous. She is made one
of the Parcæ by some mythologists, and is represented with a helm
and a wheel. The people of Smyrna were the first who made her statues
with wings, to show with what celerity she is prepared to punish the
crimes of the wicked, both by sea and land, as the helm and the wheel
in her hands intimate. Her power did not only exist in this life, but
she was also employed after death to find out the most effectual and
rigorous means of correction. Nemesis was particularly worshipped at
Rhamnus in Attica, where she had a celebrated statue 10 cubits long,
made of Parian marble by Phidias, or, according to others, by one
of his pupils. The Romans were also particularly attentive to the
adoration of a deity whom they solemnly invoked, and to whom they
offered sacrifices before they declared war against their enemies,
to show the world that their wars were undertaken upon the most just
grounds. Her statue at Rome was in the Capitol. Some suppose that
Nemesis was the person whom Jupiter deceived in the form of a swan,
and that Leda was entrusted with the care of the children which
sprang from the two eggs. Others observe that Leda obtained the name
of Nemesis after death. According to Pausanias, there were more than
one Nemesis. The goddess Nemesis was surnamed _Rhamnusia_ because
worshipped at Rhamnus, and _Adrastia_ from the temple which Adrastus
king of Argos erected to her, when he went against Thebes, to revenge
the indignities which his son-in-law Polynices had suffered in being
unjustly driven from his kingdom by Eteocles. The Greeks celebrated
a festival called _Nemesia_, in memory of deceased persons, as the
goddess Nemesis was supposed to defend the relics and the memory of
the dead from all insult. _Hyginus_, _Poetica Astronomica_, bk. 2,
ch. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 33.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 10.
――――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 224.――_Pliny_, bk. 11, ch. 28; bk. 26,
ch. 5.――――A mistress of Tibullus, bk. 2, poem 3, li. 55.

=Nemesius=, a Greek writer, whose elegant and useful treatise, _de
Naturâ Hominis_, was edited in 12mo, Ant. apud Plant. 1565, and in
8vo, Oxford, 1671.

=Nemetacum=, a town of Gaul, now _Arras_.

=Nemetes=, a nation of Germany, now forming the inhabitants of Spire,
which was afterwards called _Noviomagus_. _Tacitus_, _Germania_,
ch. 28.

=Nemoralia=, festivals observed in the woods of Aricia, in honour
of Diana, who presided over the country and the forests, on which
account that part of Italy was sometimes denominated _Nemorensis
ager_. _Ovid_, _de Ars Amatoria_, bk. 1, li. 259.

=Nemossus= (or um), the capital of the Arverni in Gaul, now _Clermont_.
_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 419.――_Strabo_, bk. 4.

=Neobūle=, a daughter of Lycambes, betrothed to the poet Archilochus.
_See:_ Lycambes. _Horace_, epode 6, li. 13; bk. 1, ltr. 3, li. 79.
――_Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 54.――――A beautiful woman, to whom Horace
addressed bk. 3, ode 12.

=Neocæsaria=, a town of Pontus.

=Neochabis=, a king of Egypt.

=Neŏcles=, an Athenian philosopher, father, or according to Cicero,
brother to the philosopher Epicurus. _Cicero_, bk. 1, _de Natura
Deorum_, ch. 21.――_Diogenes Laërtius._――――The father of Themistocles.
_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 2, &c.――_Cornelius Nepos_,
_Themistocles_.

=Neogĕnes=, a man who made himself absolute, &c. _Diodorus_, bk. 15.

=Neomoris=, one of the Nereides. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1.

=Neon=, a town of Phocis.――――There was also another of the same name in
the same country, on the top of Parnassus. It was afterwards called
_Tithorea_. _Plutarch_, _Sulla_.――_Pausanias_, _Phocis_.――_Herodotus_,
bk. 8, ch. 32.――――One of the commanders of the 10,000 Greeks who
assisted Cyrus against Artaxerxes.

=Neontīchos=, a town of Æolia near the Hermus. _Herodotus._――_Pliny._