Chapter L (1)

=Laander=, a youth, brother to Nicocrates tyrant of Cyrene &c.
――_Polyænus_, bk. 8.

=Laarchus=, the guardian of Battus of Cyrene. He usurped the sovereign
power for some time, and endeavoured to marry the mother of Battus,
the better to establish his tyranny. The queen gave him a friendly
invitation, and caused him to be assassinated, and restored the
power to Battus. _Polyænus._

=Labaris=, a king of Egypt after Sesostris.

=Labda=, a daughter of Amphion, one of the Bacchiadæ, born lame. She
married Ection, by whom she had a son whom she called Cypselus
because she saved his life in a coffer. _See:_ Cypselus. This coffer
was preserved at Olympia. _Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 92.――_Aristotle_,
_Politics_, bk. 5.

=Labdacĭdes=, a name given to Œdipus, as descended from Labdacus.

=Labdăcus=, a son of Polydorus by Nycteis, the daughter of Nycteus
king of Thebes. His father and mother died during his childhood,
and he was left to the care of Nycteus, who at his death left his
kingdom in the hands of Lycus, with orders to restore it to Labdacus
as soon as of age. He was father to Laius. It is unknown whether
he ever sat on the throne of Thebes. According to Statius his
father’s name was Phœnix. His descendants were called _Labdacides_.
_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 6, li. 451.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 6; bk. 9, ch. 5.

=Labdalon=, a promontory of Sicily, near Syracuse. _Diodorus_, bk. 13.

=Labeālis=, a lake in Dalmatia, now _Scutari_, of which the
neighbouring inhabitants were called Labeates. _Livy_, bk. 44,
ch. 31; bk. 45, ch. 26.

=Lăbeo Antistius=, a celebrated lawyer in the age of Augustus, whose
views he opposed, and whose offers of the consulship he refused. His
works are lost. He was wont to enjoy the company and conversation
of the learned for six months, and the rest of the year was spent
in writing and composing. His father, of the same name, was one
of Cæsar’s murderers. He killed himself at the battle of Philippi.
_Horace_, bk. 1, satire 3, li. 82, has unjustly taxed him with
insanity because, no doubt, he inveighed against his patrons.
_Appian_, _The Civil Wars_, bk. 4.――_Suetonius_, _Augustus_, ch. 45.
――――A tribune of the people at Rome, who condemned the censor
Metellus to be thrown down from the Tarpeian rock, because he had
expelled him from the senate. This rigorous sentence was stopped
by the interference of another of the tribunes.――――Quintus Fabius,
a Roman consul, A.U.C. 571, who obtained a naval victory over the
fleet of the Cretans. He assisted Terence in composing his comedies,
according to some.――――Actius, an obscure poet who recommended
himself to the favour of Nero by an incorrect translation of
Homer into Latin. The work is lost, and only this curious line is
preserved by an old scholiast, _Persius_, bk. 1, li. 4, _Crudum
manducus Priamum, Priamique Pisinnos_.

=Lăbĕrius J. Decimus=, a Roman knight famous for his poetical talents
in writing pantomimes. Julius Cæsar compelled him to act one of his
characters on the stage. The poet consented with great reluctance,
but he showed his resentment during the acting of the piece by
throwing severe aspersions upon Julius Cæsar, by warning the
audience against his tyranny, and by drawing upon him the eyes
of the whole theatre. Cæsar, however, restored him to the rank
of knight which he had lost by appearing on the stage; but to his
mortification, when he went to take his seat among the knights,
no one offered to make room for him, and even his friend Cicero
said, _Recepissem te nisi angustè sederem_. Laberius was offended
at the affectation and insolence of Cicero, and reflected upon
his unsettled and pusillanimous behaviour during the civil wars of
Cæsar and Pompey, by the reply of _Mirum si angustè sedes, qui soles
duabas sellis sedere_. Laberius died 10 months after the murder
of Julius Cæsar. Some fragments remain of his poetry. _Macrobius_,
_Saturnalia_, bk. 2, chs. 3 & 7.――_Horace_, bk. 1, satire 10.
――_Seneca_, _de Controversiæ_, bk. 7, ch. 3.――_Suetonius_, _Cæsar_,
ch. 39.――――Quintus Durus, a tribune of the soldiers in Cæsar’s
legions, killed in Britain. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_.

=Labīcum=, now _Colonna_, a town of Italy, called also _Lavicum_,
between Gabii and Tusculum, which became a Roman colony about four
centuries B.C. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 796.――_Livy_, bk. 2,
ch. 39; bk. 4, ch. 47.

=Lăbiēnus=, an officer of Cæsar in the wars of Gaul. He deserted to
Pompey, and was killed at the battle of Munda. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_,
bk. 6, &c.――_Lucan_, bk. 5, li. 346.――――A Roman who followed the
interest of Brutus and Cassius, and became general of the Parthians
against Rome. He was conquered by the officers of Augustus. _Strabo_,
bks. 12 & 14.――_Dio Cassius_, bk. 48.――――Titus, an historian
and orator at Rome in the age of Augustus, who admired his own
compositions with all the pride of superior genius and incomparable
excellence. The senate ordered his papers to be burnt on account of
their seditious contents; and Labienus, unable to survive the loss
of his writings, destroyed himself. _Suetonius_, _Caligula_, ch. 16.
――_Seneca._

=Labinētus=, or =Labynētus=, a king of Babylon, &c. _Herodotus_, bk. 1,
ch. 74.

=Labotas=, a river near Antioch in Syria. _Strabo_, bk. 16.――――A son
of Echestratus, who made war against Argos, &c.

=Labradeus=, a surname of Jupiter in Caria. The word is derived from
_labrys_ which in the language of the country signifies a hatchet,
which Jupiter’s statue held in its hand. _Plutarch._

=Labron=, a part of Italy on the Mediterranean, supposed to be Leghorn.
_Cicero_ bk. 2, _Letters to his brother Quintus_, ltr. 6.

=Lăby̆rinthus=, a building whose numerous passages and perplexing
windings render the escape from it difficult, and almost
impracticable. There were four very famous among the ancients; one
near the city of Crocodiles or Arsinoe, another in Crete, a third
at Lemnos, and a fourth in Italy, built by Porsenna. That of Egypt
was the most ancient, and Herodotus, who saw it, declares that the
beauty and art of the building were almost beyond belief. It was
built by 12 kings, who at one time reigned in Egypt, and it was
intended for the place of their burial, and to commemorate the
actions of their reign. It was divided into 12 halls, or, according
to Pliny, into 16, or, as Strabo mentions, into 27. The halls were
vaulted, according to the relation of Herodotus. They had each six
doors, opening to the north, and the same number to the south, all
surrounded by one wall. The edifice contained 3000 chambers, 1500 in
the upper part, and the same number below. The chambers above were
seen by Herodotus, and astonished him beyond conception, but he
was not permitted to see those below, where were buried the holy
crocodiles and the monarchs whose munificence had raised the edifice.
The roofs and walls were encrusted with marble, and adorned with
sculptured figures. The halls were surrounded with stately and
polished pillars of white stone, and, according to some authors,
the opening of the doors was artfully attended with a terrible
noise like peals of thunder. The labyrinth of Crete was built by
Dædalus, in imitation of that of Egypt, and it is the most famous
of all in classical history. It was the place of confinement for
Dædalus himself, and the prison of the Minotaur. According to
Pliny the labyrinth of Lemnos surpassed the others in grandeur and
magnificence. It was supported by 40 columns of uncommon height and
thickness, and equally admirable for their beauty and splendour.
Modern travellers are still astonished at the noble and magnificent
ruins which appear of the Egyptian labyrinth, at the south of the
lake Mœris, about 30 miles from the ruins of Arsinoe. _Mela_, bk. 1,
ch. 9.――_Pliny_, bk. 36, ch. 13.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Diodorus_, bk.
1.――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 148.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 588.

=Lăcæna=, an epithet applied to a female native of Laconia, and, among
others, to Helen. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 511.

=Lăcĕdæemon=, a son of Jupiter and Taygeta the daughter of Atlas,
who married Sparta the daughter of Eurotas, by whom he had Amyclas
and Eurydice the wife of Acrisius. He was the first who introduced
the worship of the Graces in Laconia, and who first built them
a temple. From Lacedæmon and his wife, the capital of Laconia
was called Lacedæmon and Sparta. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 10.
――_Hyginus_, fable 155.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――――A noble city
of Peloponnesus, the capital of Laconia called also _Sparta_, and
now known by the name of _Misitra_. It has been severally known by
the name of _Lelegia_, from the Leleges the first inhabitants of the
country, or from Lelex one of their kings; and _Œbalia_, from Œbalus
the sixth king from Eurotas. It was also called _Hecatompolis_
from the 100 cities which the whole province once contained. Lelex
is supposed to have been the first king. His descendants, 13 in
number, reigned successively after him, till the reign of the sons
of Orestes, when the Heraclidæ recovered the Peloponnesus, about 80
years after the Trojan war. Procles and Eurysthenes, the descendants
of the Heraclidæ, enjoyed the crown together, and after them it
was decreed that the two families should always sit on the throne
together. _See:_ Eurysthenes. These two brothers began to reign
B.C. 1102. Their successors in the family of Procles were called
_Proclidæ_, and afterwards _Eurypontidæ_, and those of Eurysthenes,
_Eurysthenidæ_, and afterwards _Agidæ_. The successors of Procles
on the throne began to reign in the following order: Sous 1060 B.C.,
after his father had reigned 42 years; Eurypon, 1028; Prytanis,
1021; Eunomus, 986; Polydectes, 907; Lycurgus, 898; Charilaus,
873; Nicander, 809; Theopompus, 770; Zeuxidamus, 723; Anaxidamus,
690; Archidamus, 651; Agasicles, 605; Ariston, 564; Demaratus,
526; Leotychides, 491; Archidamus, 469; Agis, 427; Agesilaus, 397;
Archidamus, 361; Agis II., 338; Eudamidas, 330; Archidamus, 295;
Eudamidas II., 268; Agis, 244; Archidamus, 230; Euclidus, 225;
Lycurgus, 219. The successors of Eurysthenes were Agis, 1059;
Echestratus, 1058; Labotas, 1023; Doryssus, 986; Agesilaus, 957;
Archelaus, 913; Teleclus, 853; Alcamenes, 813; Polydorus, 776;
Eurycrates, 724; Anaxander, 687; Eurycrates II., 644; Leon, 607;
Anaxandrides, 563; Cleomenes, 530; Leonidas, 491; Plistarchus,
under guardianship of Pausanius, 480; Plistoanax, 466; Pausanius,
408; Agesipolis, 397; Cleombrotus, 380; Agesipolis II., 371;
Cleomenes II., 370; Aretus or Areus, 309; Acrotatus, 265; Areus II.,
264; Leonidas, 257; Cleombrotus, 243; Leonidas restored, 241;
Cleomenes, 235; Agesipolis, 219. Under the two last kings, Lycurgus
and Agesipolis, the monarchical power was abolished, though
Machanidas the tyrant made himself absolute, B.C. 210, and Nabis,
206, for 14 years. In the year 191 B.C. Lacedæmon joined the Achæan
league, and about three years after the walls were demolished by
order of Philopœmen. The territories of Laconia shared the fate
of the Achæn confederacy, and the whole was conquered by Mummius,
147 B.C., and converted into a Roman province. The inhabitants of
Lacedæmon have rendered themselves illustrious for their courage
and intrepidity, for their love of honour and liberty, and for
their aversion to sloth and luxury. They were inured from their
youth to labour, and their laws commanded them to make war their
profession. They never applied themselves to any trade, but their
only employment was arms, and they left everything else to the care
of their slaves. _See:_ Helotæ. They hardened their body by stripes
and other manly exercises, and accustomed themselves to undergo
hardships, and even to die, without fear or regret. From their
valour in the field, and their moderation and temperance at home,
they were courted and revered by all the neighbouring princes, and
their assistance was severally implored to protect the Sicilians,
Carthaginians, Thracians, Egyptians, Cyreneans, &c. They were
forbidden by the laws of their country [_See:_ Lycurgus] to
visit foreign states, lest their morals should be corrupted by an
intercourse with effeminate nations. The austere manner in which
their children were educated, rendered them undaunted in the field
of battle, and from this circumstance, Leonidas, with a small
band, was enabled to resist the millions of the army of Xerxes at
Thermopylæ. The women were as courageous as the men, and many a
mother has celebrated with festivals the death of her son who had
fallen in battle, or has coolly put him to death, if, by a shameful
flight or loss of his arms, he brought disgrace upon his country. As
to domestic manners, the Lacedæmonians as widely differed from their
neighbours as in political concerns, and their noblest women were
not ashamed to appear on the stage hired for money. In the affairs
of Greece, the interest of the Lacedæmonians was often powerful, and
obtained the superiority for 500 years. Their jealousy of the power
and greatness of the Athenians is well known. The authority of their
monarchs was checked by the watchful eye of the Ephori, who had the
power of imprisoning the kings themselves if guilty of misdemeanours.
_See:_ Ephori. The Lacedæmonians are remarkable for the honour and
reverence which they paid to old age. The names of _Lacedæmon_ and
_Sparta_ are promiscuously applied to the capital of Laconia, and
often confounded together. The latter was applied to the metropolis,
and the former was reserved for the inhabitants of the suburbs,
or rather of the country contiguous to the walls of the city. This
propriety of distinction was originally observed, but in process of
time it was totally lost, and both appellatives were soon synonymous,
and indiscriminately applied to the city and country. _See:_ Sparta,
Laconia. The place where the city stood is now called _Paleo Chori_
(_the old town_), and the new one erected on its ruins at some
distance on the west is called _Misatra_. _Livy_, bk. 34, ch. 33;
bk. 45, ch. 28.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Thucydides_, bk. 1.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 3.――_Justin_, bks. 2, 3, &c.――_Herodotus_, bk. 1, &c.
――_Plutarch_, _Lycurgus_, &c.――_Diodorus._――_Mela_, bk. 2. There
were some festivals celebrated at Lacedæmon, the names of which
are not known. It was customary for the women to drag all the old
bachelors round the altars, and beat them with their fists, that the
shame and ignominy to which they were exposed might induce them to
marry, &c. _Athenæus_, bk. 13.

=Lăcĕdæmŏnii= and =Lăcĕdæmŏnes=, the inhabitants of Lacedæmon. _See:_
Lacedæmon.

=Lăcĕdæmŏnius=, a son of Cimon by Clitoria. He received this name from
his father’s regard for the Lacedæmonians. _Plutarch._

=Lăcerta=, a soothsayer in Domitian’s age, who acquired immense riches
by his art. _Juvenal_, satire 7, li. 114.

=Lacetania=, a district at the north of Spain. _Livy_, bk. 21, ch. 23.

=Lachăres=, a man who seized the supreme power at Athens when the city
was in discord, and was banished B.C. 296. _Polyænus_, bk. 4.――――An
Athenian three times taken prisoner. He deceived his keepers, and
escaped, &c. _Polyænus_, bk. 3.――――A son of Mithridates king of
Bosphorus. He was received into alliance by Lucullus.――――A robber
condemned by Marcus Antony.――――An Egyptian, buried in the labyrinth
near Arsinoe.

=Laches=, an Athenian general in the age of Epaminondas. _Diodorus_,
bk. 12.――――An Athenian sent with Carias at the head of a fleet in
the first expedition undertaken against Sicily in the Peloponnesian
war. _Justin_, bk. 4, ch. 3.――――An artist who finished the Colossus
of Rhodes.

=Lăchĕsis=, one of the Parcæ, whose name is derived from λαχειν, _to
measure out by lot_. She presided over futurity, and was represented
as spinning the thread of life, or, according to others, holding the
spindle. She generally appeared covered with a garment variegated
with stars, and holding spindles in her hand. _See:_ Parcæ.
_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 2, li. 249.――_Martial_, bk. 4, ltr. 54.

=Lacidas=, a Greek philosopher of Cyrene, who flourished B.C. 241. His
father’s name was Alexander. He was disciple of Arcesilaus, whom he
succeeded in the government of the second academy. He was greatly
esteemed by king Attalus, who gave him a garden where he spent his
hours in study. He taught his disciples to suspend their judgment,
and never speak decisively. He disgraced himself by the magnificent
funeral with which he honoured a favourite goose. He died through
excess of drinking. _Diogenes Laërtius_, bk. 4.

=Lacīdes=, a village near Athens, which derived its name from Lacius,
an Athenian hero, whose exploits are unknown. Here Zephyrus had an
altar sacred to him, and likewise Ceres and Proserpine a temple.
_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 37.

=Lăcīnia=, a surname of Juno from her temple at Lacinium in Italy,
which the Crotonians held in great veneration, and where there was
a famous statue of Helen by Zeuxis. _See:_ Zeuxis. On an altar near
the door were ashes which the wind could not blow away. Fulvius
Flaccus took away a marble piece from this sacred place, to finish
a temple that he was building at Rome to Fortuna Equestris; and
it is said that, for this sacrilege, he afterwards led a miserable
life, and died in the greatest agonies. _Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, lis. 12 & 702.――_Livy_, bk. 42, ch. 3.
――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 1, ch. 1.

=Lacīnienses=, a people of Liburnia.

=Lacīnium=, a promontory of Magna Græcia, now cape _Colonna_, the
southern boundary of Tarentum in Italy, where Juno Lacinia had a
temple held in great veneration. It received its name from Lacinius,
a famous robber killed there by Hercules. _Livy_, bk. 24, ch. 3;
bk. 27, ch. 5; bk. 30, ch. 20.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 522.

=Lacmon=, a part of mount Pindus where the Inachus flows. _Herodotus_,
bk. 9, ch. 93.

=Laco=, a favourite of Galba, mean and cowardly in his character. He
was put to death.――――An inhabitant of Laconia or Lacedæmon.

=Lacobriga=, a city of Spain, where ♦Sertorius was besieged by
Metellus.

♦ ‘Sertorious’ replaced with ‘Sertorius’

=Lacōnia=, =Lacōnĭca=, and =Lacedæmon=, a country in the southern
parts of Peloponnesus, having Argos and Arcadia on the north,
Messenia on the west, the Mediterranean on the south, and the bay of
Argos at the east. Its extent from north to south was about 50 miles.
It is watered by the river Eurotas. The capital is called Sparta,
or Lacedæmon. The inhabitants never went on an expedition or engaged
an enemy but at the full moon. _See:_ Lacedæmon. The brevity with
which they always expressed themselves is now become proverbial, and
by the epithet of _Laconic_ we understand whatever is concise and
not loaded with unnecessary words. The word _Laconicum_ is applied
to some hot baths used among the ancients, and first invented at
Lacedæmon. _Cicero_, bk. 4, _Letters to Atticus_, ltr. 10.――_Strabo_,
bk. 1.――_Ptolemy_, bk. 3, ch. 16.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Lacrătes=, a Theban, general of a detachment sent by Artaxerxes to
the assistance of the Egyptians. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.

=Lacrĭnes=, a Lacedæmonian ambassador to Cyrus. _Herodotus_, bk. 1,
ch. 152.

=Lactantius=, a celebrated christian writer, whose principal works are
_de irâ divinâ_, _de Dei operibus_, and his _divine institutions_,
in seven books, in which he proves the truth of the christian
religion, refutes objections, and attacks the illusions and
absurdities of paganism. The expressive purity, elegance, and energy
of his style have gained him the name of the christian Cicero. He
died A.D. 325.――――The best editions of his works are that of Sparke,
8vo, Oxford, 1684; that of Bimeman, 2 vols., 8vo, Lipscomb, 1739;
and that of Du Fresnoy, 2 vols., 4to, Paris, 1748.

=Lacter=, a promontory of the island of Cos.

=Lacydes=, a philosopher. _See:_ Lacidas.

=Lacȳdus=, an effeminate king of Argos.

=Ladas=, a celebrated courier of Alexander, born at Sicyon. He was
honoured with a brazen statue, and obtained a crown of Olympia.
_Martial_, bk. 10, ltr. 10.――_Juvenal_, satire 13, li. 97.

=Lade=, an island of the Ægean sea, on the coast of Asia Minor, where
was a naval battle between the Persians and Ionians. _Herodotus_,
bk. 6, ch. 7.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 35.――_Strabo_, bk. 17.

=Lades=, a son of Imbrasus, killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 12, li. 343.

=Ladocea=, a village of Arcadia. _Pausanias._

=Ladon=, a river of Arcadia, falling into the Alpheus. The
metamorphosis of Daphne into a laurel, and of Syrinx into a reed,
happened near its banks. _Strabo_, bk. 1.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 25.―― _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1,
li. 659.――――An Arcadian who followed Æneas into Italy, where he was
killed. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 413.――――One of Actæon’s dogs.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3, li. 216.

=Lælaps=, one of Actæon’s dogs. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3.――――The
dog of Cephalus, given him by Procis. _See:_ Lelaps, &c. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 7.

=Lælia=, a vestal virgin.

=Læliānus=, a general, proclaimed emperor in Gaul by his soldiers,
A.D. 268, after the death of Gallienus. His triumph was short; he
was conquered and put to death after a few months’ reign by another
general called _Posthumus_, who aspired to the imperial purple as
well as himself.

=Caius Lælius=, a Roman consul, A.U.C. 614, surnamed _Sapiens_, so
intimate with Africanus the younger, that Cicero represents him
in his treatise _De Amicitiâ_, as explaining the real nature of
friendship, with its attendant pleasures. He made war with success
against Viriathus. It is said that he assisted Terence in the
composition of his comedies. His modesty, humanity, and the manner
in which he patronized letters, are as celebrated as his greatness
of mind and integrity in the character of a statesman. _Cicero_,
_On Oratory_.――――Another consul, who accompanied Scipio Africanus
the elder in his campaigns in Spain and Africa.――――Archelaus, a
famous grammarian. _Suetonius._

=Læna= and =Leæna=, the mistress of Harmodius and Aristogiton. Being
tortured because she refused to discover the conspirators, she bit
off her tongue, totally to frustrate the violent efforts of her
executioners.――――A man who was acquainted with the conspiracy formed
against Cæsar.

=Lænas=, a surname of the Popilii at Rome.

=Læneus=, a river of Crete, where Jupiter brought the ravished Europa.
_Strabo._

=Læpa Magna=, a town of Spain. _Mela_, bk. 3, ch. 1.

=Laertes=, a king of Ithaca, son of Arcesius and Chalcomedusa, who
married Anticlea the daughter of Autolycus. Anticlea was pregnant by
Sisyphus when she married Laertes, and eight months after her union
with the king of Ithaca, she brought forth a son called Ulysses.
_See:_ Anticlea. Ulysses was treated with paternal care by Laertes,
though not really his son, and Laertes ceded to him his crown and
retired into the country where he spent his time in gardening. He
was found in this mean employment by his son at his return from
the Trojan war, after 20 years’ absence, and Ulysses, at the sight
of his father, whose dress and old age declared his sorrow, long
hesitated whether he should suddenly introduce himself as his son,
or whether he should, as a stranger, gradually awaken the paternal
feelings of Laertes, who had believed that his son was no more. This
last measure was preferred, and when Laertes had burst into tears
at the mention which was made of his son, Ulysses threw himself on
his neck, exclaiming, “O father, I am he for whom you weep.” This
welcome declaration was followed by a recital of all the hardships
which Ulysses had suffered, and immediately after the father and son
repaired to the palace of Penelope the wife of Ulysses, whence all
the suitors who daily importuned the princess were forcibly removed.
Laertes was one of the Argonauts, according to _Apollodorus_, bk. 1,
ch. 9. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bks. 11 & 24.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 13, li. 32; _Heroides_, poem 1, li. 98.――――A city of Cilicia,
which gave birth to Diogenes, surnamed _Laërtius_ from the place of
his birth.

=Laërtius Diogenes=, a writer born at Laertes. _See:_ Diogenes.

=Læstry̆gŏnes=, the most ancient inhabitants of Sicily. Some suppose
them to be the same as the people of Leontium, and to have been
neighbours to the Cyclops. They fed on human flesh, and when
Ulysses came on their coasts, they sunk his ships and devoured his
companions. _See:_ Antiphates. They were of a gigantic stature,
according to Homer, who, however, does not mention their country,
but only speaks of Lamus as their capital. A colony of them, as some
suppose, passed over into Italy, with Lamus at their head, where
they built the town of Formiæ, whence the epithet of _Læstrygonia_
is often used for that of _Formiana_. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 233, &c.; _Fasti_, bk. 4; _ex Ponto_,
bk. 4, ltr. 10.――_Tzetzes_, _On Lycophron_, lis. 662 & 818.――_Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 10, li. 81.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 7, li. 276.

=Læta=, the wife of the emperor Gratian, celebrated for her humanity
and generous sentiments.

=Lætoria lex=, ordered that proper persons should be appointed to
provide for the security and the possession of such as were insane,
or squandered away their estates. It made it a high crime to abuse
the weakness of persons under such circumstances. _Cicero_, _de
Officiis_, bk. 3.

=Lætus=, a Roman whom Commodus condemned to be put to death. This
violence raised Lætus against Commodus; he conspired against him,
and raised Pertinax to the throne.――――A general of the emperor
Severus, put to death for his treachery to the emperor; or,
according to others, on account of his popularity.

=Lævi=, the ancient inhabitants of Gallia Transpadana.

=Lævīnus=, a Roman consul sent against Pyrrhus, A.U.C. 474. He informed
the monarch that the Romans would not accept him as an arbitrator
in the war with Tarentum, and feared him not as an enemy. He was
defeated by Pyrrhus.――――Publius Valerius, a man despised at Rome,
because he was distinguished by no good quality. _Horace_, bk. 1,
satire 6, li. 12.

=Lagaria=, a town of Lucania.

=Lagia=, a name of the island Delos. _See:_ Delos.

=Lagĭdes.= _See:_ Lagus.

=Laginia=, a town of Caria.

=Lagus=, a Macedonian of mean extraction. He received in marriage
Arsinoe the daughter of Meleager, who was then pregnant by king
Philip, and being willing to hide the disgrace of his wife, he
exposed the child in the woods. An eagle preserved the life of the
infant, fed him with her prey, and sheltered him with her wings
against the inclemency of the air. This uncommon preservation was
divulged by Lagus, who adopted the child as his own, and called
him Ptolemy, conjecturing that as his life had been so miraculously
preserved, his days would be spent in grandeur and affluence. This
Ptolemy became king of Egypt after the death of Alexander. According
to other accounts Arsinoe was nearly related to Philip king of
Macedonia, and her marriage with Lagus was not considered as
dishonourable, because he was opulent and powerful. The first of the
Ptolemies is called _Lagus_, to distinguish him from his successors
of the same name. Ptolemy, the first of the Macedonian kings of
Egypt, wished it to be believed that he was the legitimate son
of Lagus, and he preferred the name of _Lagides_ to all other
appellations. It is even said that he established a military order
in Alexandria, which was called Lageion. The surname of Lagides
was transmitted to all his descendants on the Egyptian throne till
the reign of Cleopatra, Antony’s mistress. Plutarch mentions an
anecdote which serves to show how far the legitimacy of Ptolemy
was believed in his age. A pedantic grammarian, says the historian,
once displaying his great knowledge of antiquity in the presence
of Ptolemy, the king suddenly interrupted him with the question
of, “Pray tell me, sir, who was the father of Peleus?” “Tell me,”
replied the grammarian, without hesitation, “tell me, if you
can, O king! who the father of Lagus was.” This reflection on
the meanness of the monarch’s birth did not in the least irritate
his resentment, though the courtiers all glowed with indignation.
Ptolemy praised the humour of the grammarian, and showed his
moderation and the mildness of his temper by taking him under his
patronage. _Pausanias_, _Attica_.――_Justin_, bk. 13.――_Curtius_,
bk. 4.――_Plutarch_, _De Cohibenda Ira_.――_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 684.
――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 1, li. 196.――――A Rutulian, killed by Pallas
son of Evander. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 381.

=Lagūsa=, an island in the Pamphylian sea.――――Another near Crete.
_Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 31.

=Lagȳra=, a city of Taurica Chersonesus.

=Laiădes=, a patronymic of Œdipus son of Laius. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, fable 18.

=Laias=, a king of Arcadia, who succeeded his father Cypselus, &c.
_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 5.――――A king of Elis, &c.

=Lais=, a celebrated courtesan, daughter of Timandra the mistress of
Alcibiades, born at Hyccara in Sicily. She was carried away from her
native country into Greece, when Nicias the Athenian general invaded
Sicily. She first began to sell her favours at Corinth, for 10,000
drachmas, and the immense number of princes, noblemen, philosophers,
orators, and plebeians who courted her embraces, show how much
commendation is owed to her personal charms. The expenses which
attended her pleasures gave rise to the proverb of _Non cuivis
homini contingit adire Corinthum_. Even Demosthenes himself visited
Corinth for the sake of Lais, but when he was informed by the
courtesans that admittance to her bed was to be bought at the
enormous sum of about 300_l._ English money, the orator departed, and
observed that he would not buy repentance at so dear a price. The
charms which had attracted Demosthenes to Corinth, had no influence
upon Xenocrates. When Lais saw the philosopher unmoved by her beauty,
she visited his house herself; but there she had no reason to boast
of the licentiousness or easy submission of Xenocrates. Diogenes
the cynic was one of her warmest admirers, and though filthy in
his dress and manners, yet he gained her heart and enjoyed her most
unbounded favours. The sculptor Mycon also solicited the favours of
Lais, but he met with coldness; he, however, attributed the cause
of his ill reception to the whiteness of his hair, and dyed it of
a brown colour, but to no purpose. “Fool that thou art,” said the
courtesan, “to ask what I refused yesterday to thy father.” Lais
ridiculed the austerity of philosophers, and laughed at the weakness
of those who pretend to have gained a superiority over their
passions, by observing that the sages and philosophers of the
age were not above the rest of mankind, for she found them at her
door as often as the rest of the Athenians. The success which her
debaucheries met at Corinth encouraged Lais to pass into Thessaly,
and more particularly to enjoy the company of a favourite youth
called Hippostratus. She was, however, disappointed: the women of
the place, jealous of her charms, and apprehensive of her corrupting
the fidelity of their husbands, assassinated her in the temple of
Venus, about 340 years before the christian era. Some suppose that
there were two persons of this name, a mother and her daughter.
_Cicero_, _Letters to his Friends_, bk. 9, ltr. 26.――_Ovid_,
_Amores_, bk. 1, poem 5.――_Plutarch_, _Alcibiades_.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 2, ch. 2.

=Lāius=, a son of Labdacus, who succeeded to the throne of Thebes,
which his grandfather Nycteus had left to the care of his brother
Lycus, till his grandson came of age. He was driven from his kingdom
by Amphion and Zethus, who were incensed against Lycus for the
indignities which Antiope had suffered. He was afterwards restored,
and married Jocasta the daughter of Creon. An oracle informed him
that he should perish by the hand of his son, and in consequence of
this dreadful intelligence he resolved never to approach his wife. A
day spent in debauch and intoxication made him violate his vow, and
Jocasta brought forth a son. The child as soon as born was given to
a servant, with orders to put him to death. The servant was moved
with compassion, and only exposed him on mount Cithæron, where his
life was preserved by a shepherd. The child, called Œdipus, was
educated in the court of Polybus, and an unfortunate meeting with
his father in a narrow road proved his ruin. Œdipus ordered his
father to make way for him without knowing who he was. Laius refused,
and was instantly murdered by his irritated son. His armour-bearer
or charioteer shared his fate. _See:_ Œdipus. _Sophocles_, _Œdipus_.
――_Hyginus_, fables 9 & 66.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, chs. 5 & 26.――_Plutarch_, _de
Curiositate_.

=Lalăge=, one of Horace’s favourite mistresses. _Horace_, bk. 1,
ode 22, &c.――_Propertius_, bk. 4, poem 7.――――A woman censured for
her cruelty. _Martial_, bk. 2, ltr. 66.

=Lalassis=, a river of Isauria.

=Lamăchus=, a son of Xenophanes, sent into Sicily with Nicias. He
was killed B.C. 414, before Syracuse, where he had displayed much
courage and intrepidity. _Plutarch_, _Alcibiades_.――――A governor of
Heraclea in Pontus, who betrayed his trust to Mithridates, after he
had invited all the inhabitants to a sumptuous feast.

=Lamalmon=, a large mountain of Æthiopia.

=Lambrāni=, a people of Italy near the Lambrus. _Suetonius_, _Cæsar_.

=Lambrus=, a river of Cisalpine Gaul, falling into the Po.

=Lămia=, a town of Thessaly at the bottom of the Sinus Maliacus or
Lamiacus, and north of the river Sperchius, famous for a siege which
it supported after Alexander’s death. _See:_ Lamiacum. _Diodorus_,
bk. 16, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 6.――――A river of Greece
opposite mount Œta.――――A daughter of Neptune, mother of Hierophile,
an ancient Sibyl, by Jupiter. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 12.――――A
famous courtesan, mistress to Demetrius Poliorcetes. _Plutarch_,
_Demetrius_.――_Athenæus_, bk. 13.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 13,
ch. 9.

=Lamia= and =Auxesia=, two deities of Crete, whose worship was the
same as at Eleusis. The Epidaurians made them two statues of an
olive tree given them by the Athenians, provided they came to offer
a sacrifice to Minerva at Athens. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 30, &c.

=Lamiăcum bellum=, happened after the death of Alexander, when the
Greeks, and particularly the Athenians, incited by their orators,
resolved to free Greece from the garrisons of the Macedonians.
Leosthenes was appointed commander of a numerous force, and marched
against Antipater, who then presided over Macedonia. Antipater
entered Thessaly at the head of 13,000 foot and 600 horse, and was
beaten by the superior force of the Athenians and of their Greek
confederates. Antipater after this blow fled to Lamia, B.C. 323,
where he resolved, with all the courage and sagacity of a careful
general, to maintain a siege with about the 8000 or 9000 men that
had escaped from the field of battle. Leosthenes, unable to take the
city by storm, began to make a regular siege. His operations were
delayed by the frequent sallies of Antipater; and Leosthenes being
killed by the blow of a stone, Antipater made his escape out of
Lamia, and soon after, with the assistance of the army of Craterus
brought from Asia, he gave the Athenians battle near Cranon,
and though only 500 of their men were slain, yet they became so
dispirited, that they sued for peace from the conqueror. Antipater
at last with difficulty consented, provided they raised taxes in the
usual manner, received a Macedonian garrison, defrayed the expenses
of the war, and lastly, delivered into his hands Demosthenes and
Hyperides, the two orators, whose prevailing eloquence had excited
their countrymen against him. These disadvantageous terms were
accepted by the Athenians, yet Demosthenes had time to escape
and poison himself. Hyperides was carried before Antipater, who
ordered his tongue to be cut off, and afterwards put him to death.
_Plutarch_, _Demosthenes_.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17.――_Justin_, bk. 11,
&c.

=Lămiæ=, small islands in the Ægean, opposite Troas. _Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 31.――――A celebrated family at Rome, descended from Lamus.
――――Certain monsters of Africa, who had the face and breast of
a woman, and the rest of their body like that of a serpent. They
allured strangers to come to them, that they might devour them;
and though they were not endowed with the faculty of speech, yet
their hissings were pleasing and agreeable. Some believed them to be
witches, or rather evil spirits, who, under the form of a beautiful
woman, enticed young children and devoured them. According to
some, the fable of the Lamiæ is derived from the amours of Jupiter
with a certain beautiful woman called Lamia, whom the jealousy
of Juno rendered deformed, and whose children she destroyed; upon
which Lamia became insane, and so desperate that she ate up all the
children that came in her way. They are also called Lemures. _See:_
Lemures. _Philostratus_, _Life of Apollonius_.――_Horace_, _Art of
Poetry_, li. 340.――_Plutarch_, _de Curiositate_.――_Dion._

=Lămias Ælius=, a governor of Syria under Tiberius. He was honoured
with a public funeral by the senate; and as having been a
respectable and useful citizen, Horace has dedicated his ode 26,
bk. 1, to his praises, as also bk. 3, ode 17.――_Tacitus_, _Annals_,
bk. 6, ch. 27.――――Another during the reign of Domitian, put to death,
&c.

=Lamīrus=, a son of Hercules by Iole.

=Lampĕdo=, a woman of Lacedæmon, who was daughter, wife, sister, and
mother of a king. She lived in the age of Alcibiades. Agrippina the
mother of Claudius could boast the same honours. _Tacitus_, _Annals_,
bk. 12, chs. 22 & 37.――_Plutarch_, _Agesilaus_.――_Plato_, bk. 1,
_Alcibiades_.――_Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 41.

=Lampĕtia=, a daughter of Apollo and Neæra. She, with her sister
Phaetusa, guarded her father’s flocks in Sicily when Ulysses arrived
on the coasts of that island. These flocks were 14 in number, seven
herds of oxen, and seven flocks of sheep, consisting each of 50.
They fed by night as well as by day, and it was deemed unlawful
and sacrilegious to touch them. The companions of Ulysses, impelled
by hunger, paid no regard to their sanctity, or to the threats
and entreaties of their chief; but they carried away and killed
some of the oxen. The watchful keepers complained to their father,
and Jupiter, at the request of Apollo, punished the offence of the
Greeks. The hides of the oxen appeared to walk, and the flesh, which
was roasting by the fire, began to bellow, and nothing was heard but
dreadful noises and loud lowings. The companions of Ulysses embarked
on board their ships, but here the resentment of Jupiter followed
them. A storm arose, and they all perished except Ulysses, who saved
himself on the broken piece of a mast. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 12,
ch. 119.――_Propertius_, bk. 3, poem 12.――――According to _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 349, Lampetia is one of the Heliades,
who was changed into a poplar tree at the death of her brother
Phaeton.

=Lampeto= and =Lampedo=, a queen of the Amazons, who boasted herself
to be the daughter of Mars. She gained many conquests in Asia, where
she founded several cities. She was surprised afterwards by a band
of barbarians, and destroyed with her female attendants. _Justin_,
bk. 2, ch. 4.

=Lampeus= and =Lampia=, a mountain of Arcadia. _Statius_, bk. 8.

=Lampon=, =Lampos=, or =Lampus=, one of the horses of Diomedes,――――of
Hector,――――of Aurora. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 8; _Odyssey_, bk. 23.
――――A son of Laomedon, father of Dolops.――――A soothsayer of Athens
in the age of Socrates. _Plutarch_, _Pericles_.

=Lampōnia= and =Lampōnium=, a city of Troas. _Herodotus_, bk. 5,
ch. 26.――――An island on the coast of Thrace. _Strabo_, bk. 13.

=Lamponius=, an Athenian general, sent by his countrymen to attempt
the conquest of Sicily. _Justin_, bk. 4, ch. 3.

=Lampridius Ælius=, a Latin historian in the fourth century, who wrote
the lives of some of the Roman emperors. His style is inelegant, and
his arrangements injudicious. His life of Commodus, Heliogabalus,
Alexander Severus, &c., is still extant, and to be found in the
works of the _Historiæ Augustæ Scriptores_.

=Lamprus=, a celebrated musician, &c.――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Epaminondas_.

=Lampsăcus= and =Lampsăcum=, now _Lamsaki_, a town of Asia Minor on
the borders of the Propontis, at the north of Abydos. Priapus was
the chief deity of the place, of which he was reckoned by some the
founder. His temple there was the asylum of lewdness and debauchery,
and exhibited scenes of the most unnatural lust, and hence the
epithet _Lampsacius_ is usual to express immodesty and wantonness.
Alexander resolved to destroy the city on account of the vices of
its inhabitants, and more probably for its firm adherence to the
interest of Persia. It was, however, saved from ruin by the artifice
of Anaximenes. _See:_ Anaximenes. It was formerly called Pityusa,
and received the name of Lampsacus, from Lampsace, a daughter of
Mandron, a king of Phrygia, who gave information to some Phoceans
who dwelt there, that the rest of the inhabitants had conspired
against their life. This timely information saved them from
destruction. The city afterwards bore the name of their preserver.
The wine of Lampsacus was famous and therefore a tribute of wine
was granted from the city by Xerxes to maintain the table of
Themistocles. _Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 19.――_Strabo_, bk. 13.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 9, ch. 31.――_Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 117.――_Cornelius Nepos_,
_Themistocles_, ch. 10.――_Ovid_, bk. 1, _Tristia_, poem 9, li. 26;
_Fasti_, bk. 8, li. 345.――_Livy_, bk. 33, ch. 38; bk. 35, ch. 42.
――_Martial_, bk. 11, poems 17, 52.

=Lamptera=, a town of Phocæa in Ionia. _Livy_, bk. 37, ch. 31.

=Lamptĕria=, a festival at Pellene, in Achaia, in honour of Bacchus,
who was surnamed Lampter, from λαμπειν, _to shine_, because, during
this solemnity, which was observed in the night, the worshippers
went to the temple of Bacchus, with lighted torches in their hands.
It was also customary to place vessels full of wine in several parts
of every street in the city. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 21.

=Lampus=, a son of Ægyptus.――――A man of Elis.――――A son of Prolaus.

=Lămus=, a king of the Læstrygones, who is supposed by some to have
founded Formiæ in Italy. The family of the Lamiæ at Rome was,
according to the opinion of some, descended from him. _Horace_,
bk. 3, ode 17.――――A son of Hercules and Omphale, who succeeded his
mother on the throne of Lydia. _Ovid_, _Heroides_, poem 9, li. 54.
――――A Latin chief killed by Nisus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 334.
――――A river of Bœotia. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 31.――――A Spartan
general hired by Nectanebus king of Egypt. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.――――A
city of Cilicia.――――A town near Formiæ built by the Læstrygones.

=Lămy̆rus=, _buffoon_, a surname of one of the Ptolemies.――――One of the
auxiliaries of Turnus, killed by Nisus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9,
li. 334.

=Lanassa=, a daughter of Cleodæus, who married Pyrrhus the son of
Achilles by whom she had eight children. _Plutarch_, _Pyrrhus_.
――_Justin_, bk. 17, ch. 3.――――A daughter of Agathocles, who married
Pyrrhus, whom she soon after forsook for Demetrius. _Plutarch._

=Lancēa=, a fountain, &c. _Pausanias._

=Lancia=, a town of Lusitania. _Florus_, bk. 4, ch. 12.

=Landi=, a people of Germany conquered by Cæsar.

=Langia=, a river of Peloponnesus, falling into the bay of Corinth.

=Langobardi=, a warlike nation of Germany, along the Sprhe, called
improperly Lombards by some. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 45;
_Germania_, ch. 40.

=Langrobriga=, a town of Lusitania.

=Lanŭvium=, a town of Latium, about 16 miles from Rome on the Appian
road. Juno had there a celebrated temple, which was frequented by
the inhabitants of Italy, and particularly by the Romans, whose
consuls on first entering upon office offered sacrifices to the
goddess. The statue of the goddess was covered with a goat’s skin,
and armed with a buckler and spear, and wore shoes which were turned
upwards in the form of a cone. _Cicero_, _For Lucius Murena_; _de
Natura Deorum_, bk. 1, ch. 29; _For Milo_, ch. 10.――_Livy_, bk. 8,
ch. 14.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 13, li. 364.

=Laobōtas=, or =Lābotas=, a Spartan king, of the family of the Agidæ,
who succeeded his father Echestratus, B.C. 1023. During his reign
war was declared against Argos, by Sparta. He sat on the throne for
37 years, and was succeeded by Doryssus his son. _Pausanias_, bk. 3,
ch. 2.

=Lāŏcoon=, a son of Priam and Hecuba, or, according to others, of
Antenor, or of Capys. As being priest of Apollo, he was commissioned
by the Trojans to offer a bullock to Neptune to render him
propitious. During the sacrifice two enormous serpents issued from
the sea, and attacked Laocoon’s two sons, who stood next to the
altar. The father immediately attempted to defend his sons, but
the serpents, falling upon him, squeezed him in their complicated
wreaths, so that he died in the greatest agonies. This punishment
was inflicted upon him for his temerity in dissuading the Trojans
to bring into the city the fatal wooden horse which the Greeks had
consecrated to Minerva, as also for his impiety in hurling a javelin
against the sides of the horse as it entered within the walls.
Hyginus attributes this to his marriage against the consent of
Apollo, or, according to others, for his polluting the temple by
his commerce with his wife Antiope before the statue of the god.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 2, lis. 41 & 201.――_Hyginus_, fable 135.

=Laodămas=, a son of Alcinous king of the Phæacians, who offered to
wrestle with Ulysses, while at his father’s court. Ulysses, mindful
of the hospitality of Alcinous, refused the challenge of Laodamas.
_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 7, li. 170.――――A son of Eteocles king of
Thebes. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 15.

=Lāŏdămīa=, a daughter of Acastus and Astydamia, who married
Protesilaus, the son of Iphiclus king of a part of Thessaly. The
departure of her husband for the Trojan war was the source of grief
to her, but when she heard that he had fallen by the hand of Hector,
her sorrow was increased. To keep alive the memory of her husband
whom she had tenderly loved, she ordered a wooden statue to be
made and regularly placed in her bed. This was seen by one of her
servants, who informed Iphiclus that his daughter’s bed was daily
defiled by an unknown stranger. Iphiclus watched his daughter, and
when he found that the intelligence was false, he ordered the wooden
image to be burned, in hopes of dissipating his daughter’s grief.
He did not succeed. Laodamia threw herself into the flames with the
image and perished. This circumstance has given occasion to fabulous
traditions related by the poets, which mention that Protesilaus was
restored to life, and to Laodamia, for three hours, and that when
he was obliged to return to the infernal regions, he persuaded his
wife to accompany him. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 447.――_Ovid_,
_Heroides_, poem 13.――_Hyginus_, fable 104.――_Propertius_, bk. 1,
poem 19.――――A daughter of Bellerophon, by Achemone the daughter
of king Iobates. She had a son by Jupiter, called Sarpedon. She
dedicated herself to the service of Diana, and hunted with her; but
her haughtiness proved fatal to her, and she perished by the arrows
of the goddess. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 6, 12 & 16.――――A daughter
of Alexander king of Epirus, by Olympia the daughter of Pyrrhus.
She was assassinated in the temple of Diana, where she had fled
for safety during a sedition. Her murderer, called Milo, soon
after turned his dagger against his own breast and killed himself.
_Justin_, bk. 28, ch. 3.

=Lāŏdĭce=, a daughter of Priam and Hecuba, who became enamoured of
Acamas son of Theseus, when he came with Diomedes from the Greeks
to Troy with an embassy to demand the restoration of Helen. She
obtained an interview and the gratification of her desires at the
house of Philebia, the wife of a governor of a small town of Troas,
which the Greek ambassador had visited. She had a son by Acamas,
whom she called Munitus. She afterwards married Helicaon, son
of Antenor and Telephus king of Mysia. Some call her Astyoche.
According to the Greek scholiast of Lycophron, Laodice threw herself
down from the top of a tower and was killed, when Troy was sacked
by the Greeks. _Dictys Cretensis_, bk. 1.――_Pausanias_, bk. 13,
ch. 26.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 3 & 6.――――One of the Oceanides.――――A
daughter of Cinyras, by whom Elatus had some children. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 14.――――A daughter of Agamemnon, called also Electra.
_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 9.――――A sister of Mithridates, who married
Ariarathes king of Cappadocia, and afterwards her own brother
Mithridates. During the secret absence of Mithridates, she
prostituted herself to her servants, in hopes that her husband was
dead; but when she saw her expectations frustrated, she attempted
to poison Mithridates, for which she was put to death.――――A queen
of Cappadocia, put to death by her subjects for poisoning five of
her children.――――A sister and wife of Antiochus II. She put to death
Berenice, whom her husband had married. _See:_ Antiochus II. She
was murdered by order of Ptolemy Evergetes, B.C. 246.――――A daughter
of Demetrius, shamefully put to death by Ammonius, the tyrannical
minister of the vicious Alexander Bala king of Syria.――――A daughter
of Seleucus.――――The mother of Seleucus. Nine months before she
brought forth she dreamt that Apollo had introduced himself into
her bed, and had presented her with a precious stone, on which was
engraved the figure of an anchor, commanding her to deliver it to
her son as soon as born. This dream appeared the more wonderful,
when in the morning she discovered in her bed a ring answering the
same description. Not only the son that she brought forth, called
Seleucus, but also all his successors of the house of the Seleucidæ,
had the mark of an anchor upon their thigh. _Justin._ _Appian_,
_Syrian Wars_ mentions this anchor, though in a different manner.

=Lāŏdĭcēa=, now _Ladik_, a city of Asia, on the borders of Caria,
Phrygia, and Lydia, celebrated for its commerce, and the fine soft
and black wool of its sheep. It was originally called _Diospolis_,
and afterwards _Rhoas_; and received the name of Laodicea, in honour
of Laodice the wife of Antiochus. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 29.――_Strabo_,
bk. 12.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 12.――_Cicero_, bk. 5, _Letters to
Atticus_, ltr. 15, _For Flaccus_.――――Another in Media, destroyed by
an earthquake in the age of Nero.――――Another in Syria, called by way
of distinction Laodicea _Cabiosa_, or _ad Libanum_.――――Another on
the borders of Cœlosyria. _Strabo._

=Lāŏdĭcēne=, a province of Syria, which receives its name from
Laodicea, its capital.

=Laodŏchus=, a son of Antenor, whose form Minerva borrowed to advise
Pandarus to break the treaty which subsisted between the Greeks and
Trojans. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 4.――――An attendant of Antilochus.
――――A son of Priam. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 12.――――A son of Apollo
and Phthia. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 7.

=Laogōnus=, a son of Bias, brother to Dardanus, killed by Achilles at
the siege of Troy. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 20, li. 461.――――A priest
of Jupiter, killed by Merion in the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_,
bk. 16, li. 604.

=Laogŏras=, a king of the Dryopes, who accustomed his subjects to
become robbers. He plundered the temple of Apollo at Delphi, and was
killed by Hercules. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.

=Laogŏre=, a daughter of Cinyras and Metharme daughter of Pygmalion. She died in Egypt. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 14.

=Lāŏmĕdon=, son of Ilus king of Troy, married Strymon, called by some
Placia, or Leucippe, by whom he had Podarces, afterwards known by
the name of Priam, and Hesione. He built the walls of Troy, and
was assisted by Apollo and Neptune, whom Jupiter had banished from
heaven, and condemned to be subservient to the will of Laomedon for
one year. When the walls were finished, Laomedon refused to reward
the labours of the gods, and soon after his territories were laid
waste by the god of the sea, and his subjects were visited by a
pestilence sent by Apollo. Sacrifices were offered to the offended
divinities, but the calamities of the Trojans increased; and nothing
could appease the gods, according to the words of the oracle, but
annually to expose to a sea monster a Trojan virgin. Whenever the
monster appeared, the marriageable maidens were assembled, and the
lot decided which of them was doomed to death for the good of her
country. When this calamity had continued for five or six years, the
lot fell upon Hesione, Laomedon’s daughter. The king was unwilling
to part with a daughter whom he loved with uncommon tenderness, but
his refusal would irritate more strongly the wrath of the gods. In
the midst of his fears and hesitations, Hercules came and offered to
deliver the Trojans from this public calamity, if Laomedon promised
to reward him with a number of fine horses. The king consented, but
when the monster was destroyed, he refused to fulfil his engagements,
and Hercules was obliged to besiege Troy and take it by force of
arms. Laomedon was put to death after a reign of 29 years, his
daughter Hesione was given in marriage to Telamon, one of the
conqueror’s attendants, and Podarces was ransomed by the Trojans,
and placed upon his father’s throne. According to Hyginus, the
wrath of Neptune and Apollo was kindled against Laomedon, because
he refused to offer on their altars, as a sacrifice, all the
first-born of his cattle, according to a vow which he had made.
_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 21.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bks. 2 & 9.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 11, fable 6.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 20.――_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 3.――_Hyginus_,
fable 89.――――A demagogue of Messina in Sicily.――――A satrap of
Phœnicia, &c. _Curtius_, bk. 10, ch. 10.――――An Athenian, &c.
_Plutarch._――――An Orchomenian. _Plutarch._

=Laŏmĕdonteus=, an epithet applied to the Trojans from their king
Laomedon. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 542; bk. 7, li. 105; bk. 8,
li. 18.

=Laŏmĕdontiădæ=, a patronymic given to the Trojans from Laomedon their
king. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 248.

=Laonŏme=, the wife of Polyphemus, one of the Argonauts.

=Laonŏmēne=, a daughter of Thespius, by whom Hercules had two sons,
Teles and Menippides, and two daughters, Lysidice and Stendedice.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Laŏthoe=, a daughter of Altes, a king of the Leleges, who married
Priam and became mother of Lycaon and Polydorus. _Homer_, _Iliad_,
bk. 21, li. 85.――――One of the daughters of Thespius, mother of
Antidus by Hercules. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Laous=, a river of Lacedæmon.

=Lapăthus=, a city of Cyprus.