Chapter D (12)

=Hermathēna=, a statue which represented Mercury and Minerva in
the same body. This statue was generally placed in schools where
eloquence and philosophy were taught, because these two deities
presided over the arts and sciences.

=Hermēas=, a tyrant of Mysia who revolted from Artaxerxes Ochus,
B.C. 350.――――A general of Antiochus, &c.

=Hermeias=, a native of Methymna who wrote a history of Sicily.

=Hermes=, the name of Mercury among the Greeks. _See:_ Mercurius.
――――A famous gladiator. _Martial_, bk. 5, ltr. 25.――――An Egyptian
philosopher. _See:_ Mercurius Trismegistus.

=Hermesiănax=, an elegiac poet of Colophon, son of Agoneus. He was
publicly honoured with a statue. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 17.――――A
native of Cyprus, who wrote a history of Phrygia. _Plutarch._

=Hermias=, a Galatian philosopher in the second century. His _irrisio
philosophorum gentilium_ was printed with Justin Martyr’s works,
folio, Paris, 1615 & 1636, and with the Oxford edition of Tatian,
8vo, 1700.

=Hermĭnius=, a general of the Hermanni, &c.――――A Roman who defended
a bridge with Cocles against the army of Porsenna. _Livy_, bk. 2,
ch. 10.――――A Trojan killed by Catillus in the Rutulian war. _Virgil_,
_Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 642.

=Hermiŏne=, a daughter of Mars and Venus, who married Cadmus. The
gods, except Juno, honoured her nuptials with their presence, and
she received, as a present, a rich veil and a splendid necklace
which had been made by Vulcan. She was changed into a serpent
with her husband Cadmus, and placed in the Elysian fields. _See:_
Harmonia. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4,
fable 13.――――A daughter of Menelaus and Helen. She was privately
promised in marriage to Orestes the son of Agamemnon; but her father,
ignorant of this pre-engagement, gave her hand to Pyrrhus the son
of Achilles, whose services he had experienced in the Trojan war.
Pyrrhus, at his return from Troy, carried home Hermione and married
her. Hermione, tenderly attached to her cousin Orestes, looked upon
Pyrrhus with horror and indignation. According to others, however,
Hermione received the addresses of Pyrrhus with pleasure, and even
reproached Andromache his concubine with stealing his affections
from her. Her jealousy for Andromache, according to some, induced
her to unite herself to Orestes, and to destroy Pyrrhus. She gave
herself to Orestes after this murder, and received the kingdom
of Sparta as a dowry. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 4.――_Euripides_,
_Andromache_ & _Orestes_.――_Ovid_, _Heroides_, poem 8.――_Propertius_,
bk. 1.――――A town of Argolis, where Ceres had a famous temple. The
inhabitants lived by fishing. The descent to hell from their country
was considered so short that no money, according to the usual right
of burial, was put into the mouth of the dead to be paid to Charon
for their passage. The sea on the neighbouring coast was called
_Hermionicus sinus_. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 5.――_Virgil_, _Ciris_,
li. 472.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Ptolemy_, bk. 3,
ch. 16.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 34.

=Hermiŏniæ=, a city near the Riphæan mountains. _Orpheus_, _Argonauts_.

=Hermiŏnĭcus sinus=, a bay on the coast of Argolis near Hermione.
_Strabo_, bks. 1 & 8.

=Hermippus=, a freedman, disciple of Philo, in the reign of Adrian, by
whom he was greatly esteemed. He wrote five books upon dreams.――――A
man who accused Aspasia the mistress of Pericles of impiety and
prostitution. He was son of Lysis, and distinguished himself as a
poet by 40 theatrical pieces and other compositions, some of which
are quoted by Athenæus. _Plutarch._――――A peripatetic philosopher of
Smyrna, who flourished B.C. 210.

=Hermŏcrătes=, a general of Syracuse, against Nicias the Athenian. His
lenity towards the Athenian prisoners was looked upon as treacherous.
He was banished from Sicily without even a trial, and he was
murdered as he attempted to return back to his country, B.C. 408.
――――_Plutarch_, _Nicias_, &c.――――A sophist celebrated for his rising
talents. He died in the 28th year of his age, in the reign of the
emperor Severus.――――The father-in-law of Dionysius tyrant of Sicily.
――――A Rhodian employed by Artaxerxes to corrupt the Grecian states,
&c.――――A sophist, preceptor to Pausanias the murderer of Philip.
_Diodorus_, bk. 16.

=Hermodōrus=, a Sicilian, pupil to Plato.――――A philosopher of Ephesus,
who is said to have assisted, as interpreter, the Roman decemvirs in
the composition of the 10 tables of laws, which had been collected
in Greece. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 5, ch. 36.
――_Pliny_, bk. 34, ch. 5.――――A native of Salamis, contemporary with
Philo the Athenian architect. _Cicero_, _Orator_, bk. 1, ch. 14.
――――A poet who wrote a book called Νομιμα on the laws of different
nations.

=Hermŏgĕnes=, an architect of Alabanda in Caria, employed in building
the temple of Diana at Magnesia. He wrote a book upon his profession.
――――A rhetorician in the second century, the best editions of whose
_rhetorica_ are that of Sturmius, 3 vols., 12mo, Strasbourg, 1571,
and of Laurentius, Geneva, 1614. He died A.D. 161, and it is said
that his body was opened, and his heart found hairy and of an
extraordinary size. At the age of 25, as is reported, he totally
lost his memory.――――A lawyer in the age of Diocletian.――――A musician.
_Horace_, bk. 1, satire 3, li. 129.――――A sophist of Tarsus, of such
brilliant talents, that at the age of 15 he excited the attention
and gained the patronage of the emperor Marcus Antoninus.

=Hermolāus=, a young Macedonian among the attendants of Alexander.
As he was one day hunting with the king he killed a wild boar which
was coming towards him. Alexander, who followed close behind him,
was so disappointed because the beast had been killed before he
could dart at it, that he ordered Hermolaus to be severely whipped.
This treatment irritated Hermolaus, and he conspired to take away
the king’s life, with others who were displeased with the cruel
treatment he had received. The plot was discovered by one of
the conspirators, and Alexander seized them, and asked what had
compelled them to conspire to take his life. Hermolaus answered for
the rest, and observed that it was unworthy of Alexander to treat
his most faithful and attached friends like slaves, and to shed
their blood without the least mercy. Alexander ordered him to be put
to death. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 6.

=Hermopŏlis=, two towns of Egypt, now _Ashmunein_ and _Demenhur_.
_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 9.

=Hermotīmus=, a famous prophet of Clazomenæ. It is said that his
soul separated itself from his body and wandered in every part of
the earth to explain futurity, after which it returned again and
animated his frame. His wife, who was acquainted with the frequent
absence of his soul, took advantage of it and burnt his body, as
if totally dead, and deprived the soul of its natural receptacle.
Hermotimus received divine honours in a temple at Clazomenæ, into
which it was unlawful for women to enter. _Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 51,
&c.――_Lucian._

=Hermundūri=, a people of Germany, subdued by Aurelius. They were at
the north of the Danube, and were considered by Tacitus as a tribe
of the Suevi, but called, together with the Suevi, Hermiones by
Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 14.――_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 13, _extra_.
――_Velleius Paterculus_, bk. 2, ch. 106.

=Hermus=, a river of Asia Minor, whose sands, according to the poets,
were covered with gold. It flows near Sardes, and receives the
waters of the Pactolus and Hyllus, after which it falls into
the Ægean sea. It is now called _Kedous_ or _Sarabat_. _Virgil_,
_Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 137.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 210.――_Martial_,
bk. 8, ltr. 78.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 1, li. 159.――_Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 29.

=Hernĭci=, a people of Campania celebrated for their inveterate
enmity to the rising power of Rome. _Livy_, bk. 9, chs. 43 & 44.
――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 4, li. 226.――_Juvenal_, satire 14, li. 183.
――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 8, ch. 10.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_,
bk. 7, li. 684.

=Hero=, a beautiful priestess of Venus at Sestus, greatly enamoured
of Leander, a youth of Abydos. These two lovers were so faithful to
one another, that Leander in the night escaped from the vigilance
of his family, and swam across the Hellespont, while Hero in Sestos
directed his course by holding a burning torch on the top of a high
tower. After many interviews of mutual affection and tenderness,
Leander was drowned in a tempestuous night as he attempted his
usual course, and Hero in despair threw herself down from her tower
and perished in the sea.――_Musæus Grammaticus_, _Leander & Hero_.
――_Ovid_, _Heroides_, poems 17 & 18.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3,
li. 258.

=Herōdes=, surnamed the _Great_ and _Ascalonita_, followed the interest
of Brutus and Cassius, and afterwards that of Antony. He was made
king of Judæa by means of Antony, and after the battle of Actium
he was continued in his power by his flattery and submission to
Augustus. He rendered himself odious by his cruelty, and as he knew
that the day of his death would become a day of mirth and festivity,
he ordered the most illustrious of his subjects to be confined and
murdered the very moment that he expired, that every eye in the
kingdom might seem to shed tears at the death of Herod. He died
in the 70th year of his age, after a reign of 40 years. _Josephus._
――――Antipas, a son of Herod the Great, governor of Galileæ, &c.
――――Agrippa, a Jew intimate with the emperor Caligula, &c.――――This
name was common to many of the Jews. _Josephus._――――Atticus. _See:_
Atticus.

=Herodiānus=, a Greek historian, who flourished A.D. 247. He was born
at Alexander, and he was employed among the officers of the Roman
emperors. He wrote a Roman history in eight books, from the death
of Marcus Aurelius to Maximinus. His style is peculiarly elegant,
but it wants precision, and the work too plainly betrays that the
author was not a perfect master of geography. He is accused of being
too partial to Maximinus, and too severe upon Alexander Severus.
His book comprehends the history of 68 or 70 years, and he asserts
that he has been an eye-witness of whatever he has written. The best
editions of his history are that of Politian, 4to, Dovan, 1525, who
afterwards published a very valuable Latin translation, and that of
Oxford, 8vo, 1708.

=Herodicus=, a physician surnamed _Gymnastic_, who flourished B.C. 443.
――――A grammarian surnamed _Crateleus_, B.C. 123.

=Hērŏdŏtus=, a celebrated historian of Halicarnassus, whose father’s
name was Lyxes, and that of his mother Dryo. He fled to Samos when
his country laboured under the oppressive tyranny of Lygdamis, and
travelled over Egypt, Italy, and all Greece. He afterwards returned
to Halicarnassus, and expelled the tyrant; which patriotic deed, far
from gaining the esteem and admiration of the populace, displeased
and irritated them, so that Herodotus was obliged to fly to Greece
from the public resentment. To procure a lasting fame he publicly
repeated at the Olympic games the history which he had composed,
in his 39th year, B.C. 445. It was received with such universal
applause, that the names of the nine Muses were unanimously given to
the nine books into which it is divided. This celebrated composition,
which has procured its author the title of father of history, is
written in the Ionic dialect. Herodotus is among the historians what
Homer is among the poets, and Demosthenes among the orators. His
style abounds with elegance, ease, and sweetness; and if there is
any of the fabulous or incredible, the author candidly informs the
reader that it is introduced upon the narration of others. The work
is a history of the wars of the Persians against the Greeks, from
the age of Cyrus to the battle of Mycale in the reign of Xerxes,
and besides this, it gives an account of the most celebrated nations
in the world. Herodotus had written another history of Assyria and
Arabia, which is not extant. The life of Homer, generally attributed
to him, is supposed by some not to be the production of his pen.
Plutarch has accused him of malevolence towards the Greeks, an
imputation which can easily be refuted. The two best editions
of this great historian are that of Wesseling, folio, Amsterdam,
1763; and that of Glasgow, 9 vols., 12mo, 1761. _Cicero_, _de
Legibus_, ch. 1; _On Oratory_, ch. 2.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_,
bk. 1.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Plutarch_, _de Herodoti
Malignitate_.――――A man who wrote a treatise concerning Epicurus.
_Diogenes Laërtius._――――A Theban wrestler of Megara, in the age of
Demetrius son of Antigonus. He was six feet and a half in height,
and he ate generally 20 pounds of flesh, with bread in proportion,
at each of his meals. _Athenæus_, bk. 16.――――Another, whose
victories are celebrated by Pindar.

=Heroes=, a name which was given by the ancients to such as were born
from a god, or to such as had signalized themselves by their actions,
and seemed to deserve immortality by the services which they had
rendered their country. The heroes which Homer describes, such as
Ajax, Achilles, &c., were of such prodigious strength, that they
could lift up and throw stones which the united force of four or
five men of his age could not have moved. The heroes were supposed
to be interested in the affairs of mankind after death, and they
were invoked with much solemnity. As the altars of the gods were
crowded with sacrifices and libations, so the heroes were often
honoured with a funeral solemnity, in which their great exploits
were enumerated. The origin of heroism might proceed from the
opinions of some philosophers, who taught that the souls of great
men were often raised to the stars, and introduced among the
immortal gods. According to the notions of the stoics, the ancient
heroes inhabited a pure and serene climate, situate above the moon.

=Herōis=, a festival, celebrated every ninth year by the Delphians, in
honour of a heroine. There were in the celebration a great number of
mysterious rites, with a representation of something like Semele’s
resurrection.

=Heron=, two mathematicians, one of whom is called the _ancient_
and the other the _younger_. The former, who lived about 100 years
before Christ, was disciple to Ctesibius, and wrote a curious book
translated into Latin, under the title of _Spiritualium Liber_; the
only edition of which is that of Baldus, _Aug._ _Vind._ 1616.

=Heroopŏlis=, a town of Egypt on the Arabic gulf.

=Herŏphĭla=, a Sibyl, who, as some suppose, came to Rome in the reign
of Tarquin. _See:_ Sibyllæ. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 12.

=Herophĭlus=, an impostor in the reign of Julius Cæsar, who pretended
to be the grandson of Marius. He was banished from Rome by Cæsar for
his seditions, and was afterwards strangled in prison.――――A Greek
physician, about 570 years before the christian era. He was one of
the first who dissected bodies. Pliny, Cicero, and Plutarch have
greatly commended him.

=Herostrătus.= _See:_ Erostratus.

=Herpa=, a town of Cappadocia.

=Herse=, a daughter of Cecrops king of Athens, beloved by Mercury.
The god disclosed his love to Aglauros, Herse’s sister, in hopes of
procuring an easy admission to Herse; but Aglauros, through jealousy,
discovered the amour. Mercury was so offended at her behaviour, that
he struck her with his caduceus and changed her into a stone. Herse
became mother of Cephalus by Mercury, and after death she received
divine honours at Athens. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 559,
&c.――――A wife of Danaus. _Apollodorus._

=Hersephoria=, festivals of Athens in honour of Minerva, or more
probably of Herse.

=Hersĭlia=, one of the Sabines, carried away by the Romans at the
celebration of the Consualia. She was given and married to Romulus,
though, according to some, she married Hostus, a youth of Latium,
by whom she had Hostus Hostilius. After death she was presented
with immortality by Juno, and received divine honours under the
name of Ora. _Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 11.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14,
li. 832.

=Hertha= and =Herta=, a goddess among the Germans, supposed to be the
same as the earth. She had a temple and a chariot dedicated to her
service in a remote island, and was supposed to visit the earth
at stated times, when her coming was celebrated with the greatest
rejoicings and festivity. _Tacitus_, _Germania_.

=Herŭli=, a savage nation in the northern parts of Europe, who
attacked the Roman power in its decline.

=Hesænus=, a mountain near Pæonia.

=Hēsiŏdus=, a celebrated poet, born at Ascra in Bœotia. His father’s
name was Dius, and his mother’s Pycimede. He lived in the age of
Homer, and even obtained a poetical prize in competition with him,
according to Varro and Plutarch. Quintilian, Philostratus, and
others maintain that Hesiod lived before the age of Homer; but
Velleius Paterculus and others support that he flourished about 100
years after him. Hesiod is the first who wrote a poem on agriculture.
This composition is called _The Works and the Days_; and besides
the instructions which are given to the cultivator of the field, the
reader is pleased to find many moral reflections worthy of a refined
Socrates or a Plato. His _Theogony_ is a miscellaneous narration
executed without art, precision, choice, judgment, or connection,
yet it is the more valuable for the faithful account it gives of the
gods of antiquity. His _Shield of Hercules_ is but a fragment of a
larger poem, in which it is supposed he gave an account of the most
celebrated heroines among the ancients. Hesiod, without being master
of the fire and sublimity of Homer, is admired for the elegance of
his diction, and the sweetness of his poetry. Besides these poems
he wrote others, now lost. Pausanias says that, in his age, Hesiod’s
verses were still written on tablets in the temple of the Muses, of
which the poet was a priest. If we believe _Clement of Alexandria_,
bk. 6, _Stromateis_, the poet borrowed much from Musæus. One of
Lucian’s dialogues bears the name of _Hesiod_, and in it the poet
is introduced as speaking of himself. Virgil, in his Georgics,
has imitated the compositions of Hesiod, and taken his _opera_ and
_dies_ for model, as he acknowledges. Cicero strongly commends him,
and the Greeks were so partial to his poetry and moral instructions,
that they ordered their children to learn all by heart. Hesiod
was murdered by the sons of Ganyctor of Naupactum, and his body
was thrown into the sea. Some dolphins brought back the body to
the shore, which was immediately known, and the murderers were
discovered by the poet’s dogs, and thrown into the sea. If Hesiod
flourished in the age of Homer, he lived 907 B.C. The best editions
of this poet are that of Robinson, 4to, Oxford, 1737; that of
Loesner, 8vo, Lipscomb, 1778; and that of Parma, 4to, 1785. _Cicero_,
_Letters to his Friends_, bk. 6, ltr. 18.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9,
ch. 3, &c.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Paterculus._――_Varro._
――_Plutarch_, _Septem Sapientium Convivium_, & _De Sollertia
Animalium_.

=Hēsiŏne=, a daughter of Laomedon king of Troy, by Strymo the daughter
of Scamander. It fell to her lot to be exposed to a sea monster,
to whom the Trojans yearly presented a marriageable virgin, to
appease the resentment of Apollo and Neptune, whom ♦Laomedon had
offended; but Hercules promised to deliver her, provided he received
as a reward six beautiful horses. Laomedon consented, and Hercules
attacked the monster just as he was going to devour Hesione, and he
killed him with his club. Laomedon, however, refused to reward the
hero’s services; and Hercules, incensed at his treachery, besieged
Troy, and put the king and all his family to the sword, except
Podarces, or Priam, who had advised his father to give the promised
horses to his sister’s deliverer. The conqueror gave Hesione in
marriage to his friend Telamon, who had assisted him during the war,
and he established Priam upon his father’s throne. The removal of
Hesione to Greece proved at last fatal to the Trojans; and Priam,
remembering with indignation that his sister had been forcibly
given to a foreigner, sent his son Paris to Greece to reclaim the
possessions of Hesione, or more probably to revenge his injuries
upon the Greeks by carrying away Helen, which gave rise, soon after,
to the Trojan war. Lycophron mentions that Hercules threw himself,
armed from head to foot, into the mouth of the monster to which
Hesione was exposed, and that he tore his belly to pieces, and came
out safe only with the loss of his hair, after a confinement of
three days. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 5, li. 638.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5, &c.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 11,
li. 212.――――The wife of Nauplius.

♦ ‘Lamedon’ replaced with ‘Laomedon’

=Hespĕria=, a large island of Africa, once the residence of the
Amazons. _Diodorus_, bk. 3.――――A name common to both Italy and Spain.
It is derived from Hesper or Vesper, the setting sun, or the evening,
whence the Greeks called Italy Hesperia, because it was situate at
the setting sun, or in the west. The same name, for similar reasons,
was applied to Spain by the Latins. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li.
634, &c.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 34, li. 4; bk. 1, ode 27, li. 28.
――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 7, li. 15.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 11,
li. 258.――――A daughter of the Cebrenus. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 11, li. 759.

=Hespĕrĭdes=, three celebrated nymphs, daughters of Hesperus.
Apollodorus mentions four, Ægle, Erythia, Vesta, and Arethusa; and
Diodorus confounds them with the Atlantides, and supposes that they
were the same number. They were appointed to guard the golden apples
which Juno gave to Jupiter on the day of their nuptials; and the
place of their residence, placed beyond the ocean by Hesiod, is more
universally believed to be near mount Atlas in Africa, according to
Apollodorus. This celebrated place or garden abounded with fruits
of the most delicious kind, and was carefully guarded by a dreadful
dragon, which never slept. It was one of the labours of Hercules
to procure some of the golden apples of the Hesperides. The hero,
ignorant of the situation of this celebrated garden, applied to the
nymphs in the neighbourhood of the Po for information, and was told
that Nereus the god of the sea, if properly managed [_See:_ Nereus],
would direct him in his pursuits. Hercules seized Nereus as he was
asleep, and the sea god, unable to escape from his grasp, answered
all the questions which he proposed. Some say that Nereus sent
Hercules to Prometheus, and that from him he received all his
information. When Hercules came into Africa, he repaired to Atlas,
and demanded of him three of the golden apples. Atlas unloaded
himself and placed the burden of the heavens on the shoulders
of Hercules, while he went in quest of the apples. At his return
Hercules expressed his wish to ease the burden by putting something
on his head, and when Atlas assisted him to remove his inconvenience,
Hercules artfully left the burden, and seized the apples, which
Atlas had thrown on the ground. According to other accounts,
Hercules gathered the apples himself, without the assistance of
Atlas, and he previously killed the watchful dragon which kept
the tree. These apples were brought to Eurystheus, and afterwards
carried back by Minerva into the garden of the Hesperides, as
they could be preserved in no other place. Hercules is sometimes
represented gathering the apples, and the dragon which guarded
the tree appears bowing down his head, as having received a mortal
wound. This monster, as it is supposed, was the offspring of Typhon,
and it had 100 heads and as many voices. This number, however, is
reduced by some to only one head. Those that attempt to explain
mythology, observe that the Hesperides were certain persons who
had an immense number of flocks, and that the ambiguous word μηλον,
which signifies an _apple_ and a _sheep_, gave rise to the fable
of the golden apples of the Hesperides. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 637, &c.; bk. 9, li. 90.――_Hyginus_,
fable 30.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_,
li. 215, &c.

=Hespĕris.= _See:_ Hesperus.――――A town of Cyrenaica, now _Bernic_
or _Bengazi_, where most authors have placed the garden of the
Hesperides.

=Hesperītis=, a country of Africa. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.

=Hespĕrus=, a son of Japetus, brother to Atlas. He came to Italy,
and the country received the name of _Hesperia_ from him, according
to some accounts. He had a daughter called Hesperis, who married
Atlas, and became mother of seven daughters, called Atlantides or
Hesperides. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.――――The name of Hesperus was also
applied to the planet Venus, when it appeared after the setting of
the sun. It was called _Phosphorus_ or _Lucifer_ when it preceded
the sun. _Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――_Seneca_, _de
Hippolytus_, li. 749; _Medea_, li. 71.

=Hestia=, one of the Hesperides. _Apollodorus._

=Hestiæa=, a town of Eubœa.

=Hesus=, a deity among the Gauls, the same as the Mars of the Romans.
_Lucan_, bk. 1, li. 445.

=Hesychia=, a daughter of Thespius. _Apollodorus._

=Hesychius=, the author of a Greek lexicon in the beginning of the
third century, a valuable work which has been learnedly edited by
Albert, 2 vols., folio, Leiden, 1746.

=Hetricŭlum=, now _Latarico_, a town in the country of the Brutii.
_Livy_, bk. 30, ch. 19.

=Hetrūria= and =Etruria=, a celebrated country of Italy, at the west
of the Tiber. It originally contained 12 different nations, which
had each their respective monarch, called Lucumon. Their names
were Veientes, Clusini, Perusini, Cortonenses, Arretini, Vetuloni,
Volaterrani, Rusellani, Volscinii, Tarquinii, Falisci, and Cæretani.
The inhabitants were particularly famous for their superstition,
and great confidence in omens, dreams, auguries, &c. They all proved
powerful and resolute enemies to the rising empire of the Romans,
and were conquered only after much effusion of blood. _Pliny_, bk. 3,
ch. 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――_Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 4.

=Heurippa=, a surname of Diana.

=Hexapy̆lum=, a gate at Syracuse. The adjoining place of the city, or
the wall, bore the same name. _Diodorus_, bks. 11 & 14.――_Livy_,
bk. 24, ch. 21; bk. 25, ch. 24; bk. 32, ch. 39.

=Hiarbas=, or =Iarbas=, a king of Gætulia. _See:_ Iarbas.

=Hiber=, a name applied to a Spaniard, as living near the river
Hiberus or Iberus. _See:_ Iberus.

=Hibernia= and =Hybernia=, a large island at the west of Britain,
now called _Ireland_. Some of the ancients have called it Ibernia,
Juverna, Iris, Hierna, Ogygia, Ivernia. _Juvenal_, satire 2, li. 160.
――_Strabo_, bk. 4.――_Orpheus._――_Aristotle._

=Hibrildes=, an Athenian general. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 7.

=Hicetāon=, a son of Laomedon, brother to Priam and father of
Menalippus. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 3.――――The father of Thymœtes, who
came to Italy with Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 133.

=Hicētas=, a philosopher of Syracuse, who believed that the earth
moved, and that all the heavenly bodies were stationary. _Diogenes
Laërtius_, _Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers_.――――A tyrant
of Syracuse. _See:_ Icetas.

=Hiempsal=, a king of Numidia, &c. _See:_ Hyempsal. _Plutarch._

=Hiera=, a woman who married Telephus king of Mysia, and who was said
to surpass Helen in beauty.――――The mother of Pandarus and Bitias
by Alcanor. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 673.――――One of the Lipari
islands, called also Theresia, now _Vulcano_. _Pausanias_, bk. 10,
ch. 11.

=Hierapŏlis=, a town of Syria, near the Euphrates.――――Another of
Phrygia, famous for hot baths, now _Bambukkalasi_.――――Another of
Crete.

=Hiĕrax=, a youth who awoke Argus, to inform him that Mercury was
stealing Io. Mercury killed him, and changed him into a bird of prey.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――――Antiochus, king of Syria and brother
to Seleucus, received the surname of Hierax. _Justin_, bk. 37, ch. 3.
――――An Egyptian philosopher in the third century.

=Hierĭchus= (untis), the name of Jericho in the Holy Land, called the
city of palm trees, from its abounding in dates. _Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 14.――_Tacitus_, _Histories_, bk. 5, ch. 6.

=Hiĕro I.=, a king of Syracuse, after his brother Gelon, who rendered
himself odious in the beginning of his reign by his cruelty and
avarice. He made war against Theron the tyrant of Agrigentum, and
took Himera. He obtained three different crowns at the Olympic games,
two in horse-races, and one at a chariot-race. Pindar has celebrated
him as being victorious at Olympia. In the latter part of his reign
the conversation of Simonides, Epicharmus, Pindar, &c., softened
in some measure the roughness of his morals and the severity of his
government, and rendered him the patron of learning, genius, and
merit. He died, after a reign of 18 years, B.C. 467, leaving the
crown to his brother Thrasybulus, who disgraced himself by his vices
and tyranny. _Diodorus_, bk. 11.――――The second of that name, king
of Syracuse, was descended from Gelon. He was unanimously elected
king by all the states of the island of Sicily, and appointed to
carry on the war against the Carthaginians. He joined his enemies in
besieging Messana, which had surrendered to the Romans, but he was
beaten by Appius Claudius the Roman consul, and obliged to retire to
Syracuse, where he was soon blocked up. Seeing all hopes of victory
lost, he made peace with the Romans, and proved so faithful to his
engagements during the 59 years of his reign, that the Romans never
had a more firm or more attached ally. He died in the 94th year
of his age, about 225 years B.C. He was universally regretted, and
all the Sicilians showed by their lamentations that they had lost
a common father and a friend. He liberally patronized the learned,
and employed the talents of Archimedes for the good of his country.
He wrote a book on agriculture, now lost. He was succeeded by
Hieronymus. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bks. 4, 8.――_Justin_, bk. 23,
ch. 4.――_Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――_Livy_, bk. 16.――――An Athenian,
intimate with Nicias the general. _Plutarch_, _Nicias_.――――A
Parthian, &c. _Tacitus._

=Hierocæsarea=, a town of Lydia. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 2, ch. 47;
bk. 3, ch. 62.

=Hierocepia=, an island near Paphos in Cyprus.

=Hierŏcles=, a persecutor of the christians under Diocletian, who
pretended to find inconsistencies in Scripture, and preferred the
miracles of Thyaneus to those of Christ. His writings were refuted
by Lactantius and Eusebius.――――A Platonic philosopher, who taught
at Alexandria, and wrote a book on providence and fate, fragments
of which are preserved by Photius; a commentary on the golden verses
of Pythagoras; and facetious moral verses. He flourished A.D. 485.
The best edition is that of Asheton and Warren, 8vo, London, 1742.
――――A general in the interest of Demetrius. _Polyænus_, bk. 5.――――A
governor of Bithynia and Alexandria, under Diocletian.――――An officer.
_See:_ Heliogabalus.

=Hierodūlum=, a town of Libya.

=Hieronĭca lex=, by Hiero tyrant of Sicily, to settle the quantity
of corn, the price and time of receiving it, between the farmers
of Sicily and the collector of the corn tax at Rome. This law, on
account of its justice and candour, was continued by the Romans when
they became masters of Sicily.

=Hierony̆mus=, a tyrant of Sicily, who succeeded his father or
grandfather Hiero, when only 15 years old. He rendered himself
odious by his cruelty, oppression, and debauchery. He abjured the
alliance of Rome, which Hiero had observed with so much honour and
advantage. He was assassinated, and all his family was overwhelmed
in his fall, and totally extirpated, B.C. 214.――――An historian of
Rhodes, who wrote an account of the actions of Demetrius Poliorcetes,
by whom he was appointed over Bœotia, B.C. 254. _Plutarch_,
_Demetrius_.――――An Athenian set over the fleet, while Conon went
to the king of Persia.――――A christian writer commonly called St.
_Jerome_, born in Pannonia, and distinguished for his zeal against
heretics. He wrote commentaries on the prophets, St. Matthew’s
gospel, &c., a Latin version known by the name of _Vulgate_,
polemical treatises, and an account of ecclesiastical writers
before him. Of his works, which are replete with lively animation,
sublimity, and erudition, the best edition is that of Vallersius,
folio, Veronæ, 1734 to 1740, 10 vols. Jerome died A.D. 420, in his
91st year.

=Hierophĭlus=, a Greek physician. He instructed his daughter Agnodice
in the art of midwifery, &c. _See:_ Agnodice.

=Hierosoly̆ma=, a celebrated city of Palestine, the capital of Judæa,
taken by Pompey, who, on that account, is surnamed _Hierosolymarius_.
Titus also took it and destroyed it, the 8th of September, A.D. 70,
according to Josephus, 2177 years after its foundation. In the siege
by Titus, 110,000 persons are said to have perished, and 97,000 to
have been made prisoners, and afterwards either sold for slaves, or
wantonly exposed, for the sport of their insolent victors, to the
fury of wild beasts. _Josephus_, _War of the Jews_, bk. 7, ch. 16,
&c.――_Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 2, ltr. 2.――_Flaccus_,
bk. 28.

=Hignatia via=, a large road, which led from the Ionian sea to the
Hellespont, across Macedonia, about 530 miles. _Strabo_, bk. 7.

=Hilaria=, a daughter of Leucippus and Philodice. As she and her
sister Phœbe were going to marry their cousins Lynceus and Idas,
they were carried away by Castor and Pollux, who married them.
Hilaria had Anagon by Castor, and she, as well as her sister,
obtained after death the honours which were generally paid to
heroes. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3.――_Propertius_, bk. 1, poem 2, li. 16.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 22; bk. 3, ch. 19.――――Festivals at Rome
in honour of the mother of the gods.

=Hilarius=, a bishop of Poictiers in France, who wrote several
treatises, the most famous of which is on the Trinity, in 12 books.
The only edition is that of the Benedictine monks, folio, Paris,
1693. Hilary died A.D. 372, in his 80th year.

=Hilleviōnes=, a people of Scandinavia. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 13.

=Himella=, now _Aia_, a small river in the country of the Sabines.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 714.

=Himĕra=, a city of Sicily built by the people of Zancle, and
destroyed by the Carthaginians 240 years after. _Strabo_, bk. 6.
――――There were two rivers of Sicily of the same name, the one, now
_Fiumi de Termini_, falling at the east of Panormus into the Tuscan
sea, with a town of the same name at its mouth, and also celebrated
baths. _Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 4, ch. 33. The other, now
_Fiume Salso_, running in a southern direction, and dividing the
island in almost two parts. _Livy_, bk. 24, ch. 6; bk. 25, ch. 49.
――――The ancient name of the Eurotas. _Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Mela_, bk. 2,
ch. 7.――_Polybius._

=Himilco=, a Carthaginian sent to explore the western parts of Europe.
_Festus Avienius._――――A son of Amilcar, who succeeded his father in
the command of the Carthaginian armies in Sicily. He died with his
army by a plague, B.C. 398. _Justin_, bk. 19, ch. 2.

=Hippagŏras=, a man who wrote an account of the republic of Carthage.
_Athenæus_, bk. 14.

=Hippalcimus=, a son of Pelops and Hippodamia, who was among the
Argonauts.

=Hippalus=, the first who sailed in open sea from Arabia to India.
_Arrian_, _Periplus Ponti Euxini_.

=Hipparchia=, a woman in Alexander’s age, who became enamoured of
Crates the Cynic philosopher, because she heard him discourse.
She married him, though he at first disdained her addresses, and
represented his poverty and meanness. She was so attached to him
that she was his constant companion, and was not ashamed publicly
to gratify his impurest desires. She wrote some things, now lost.
_See:_ Crates. _Diogenes Laërtius_, bk. 6.――_Suidas._

=Hipparchus=, a son of Pisistratus, who succeeded his father as tyrant
of Athens, with his brother Hippias. He patronized some of the
learned men of the age, and distinguished himself by his fondness
for literature. The seduction of a sister of Harmodius raised him
many enemies, and he was at last assassinated by a desperate band
of conspirators, with Harmodius and Aristogiton at their head,
513 years before Christ. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 8, ch. 2.
――――One of Antony’s freedmen.――――The first person who was banished
by ostracism at Athens.――――The father of Asclepiades.――――A
mathematician and astronomer of Nicæa. He first discovered that the
interval between the vernal and the autumnal equinox is 186 days,
seven days longer than between the autumnal and vernal, occasioned
by the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit. He divided the heavens
into 49 constellations, 12 in the ecliptic, 21 in the northern,
and 16 in the southern hemisphere, and gave names to all the stars.
He makes no mention of comets. From viewing a tree on a plain from
different situations, which changed its apparent position, he was
led to the discovery of the parallax of the planets, or the distance
between their real or apparent position, viewed from the centre
and from the surface of the earth. He determined the longitude and
latitude, and fixed the first degree of longitude at the Canaries.
He likewise laid the first foundations of trigonometry, so essential
to facilitate astronomical studies. He was the first who, after
Thales and Sulpicius Gallus, found out the exact time of eclipses,
of which he made a calculation for 600 years. After a life of
labour in the service of science and astronomy, and after publishing
several treatises and valuable observations on the appearance of the
heavens, he died 125 years before the christian era. _Pliny_, bk. 2,
ch. 26, &c.――――An Athenian who conspired against Heraclides, who
kept Athens for Demetrius, &c. _Polyænus_, bk. 5.

=Hipparīnus=, a son of Dionysius, who ejected Calippus from Syracuse,
and seized the sovereign power for 27 years. _Polyænus_, bk. 5.
――――The father of Dion.

=Hippărion=, one of Dion’s sons.

=Hippăsus=, a son of Ceyx, who assisted Hercules against Eurytus.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――――A pupil of Pythagoras, born
at Metapontum. He supposed that everything was produced from
fire. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――A centaur killed at the nuptials
of Pirithous. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, li. 352.――――An
illegitimate son of Priam. _Hyginus_, fable 90.

=Hippeus=, a son of Hercules by Procis, eldest of the 50 daughters of
Thestius. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Hippi=, four small islands near Erythræ.

=Hippia=, a lascivious woman, &c. _Juvenal_, satire 6, li. 82.――――A
surname of Minerva, and also of Juno. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 15.

=Hippias=, a philosopher of Elis, who maintained that virtue consisted
in not being in want of the assistance of men. At the Olympic games,
he boasted that he was master of all the liberal and mechanical
arts; and he said that the ring upon his finger, the tunic, cloak,
and shoes, which he then wore, were all the work of his own hands.
_Cicero_, _On Oratory_, bk. 3, ch. 32.――――A son of Pisistratus,
who became tyrant of Athens after the death of his father, with
his brother Hipparchus. He was willing to revenge the death of his
brother, who had been assassinated, and for this violent measure he
was driven from his country. He fled to king Darius in Persia, and
was killed at the battle of Marathon, fighting against the Athenians,
B.C. 490. He had five children by Myrrhine the daughter of Callias.
_Herodotus_, bk. 6.――_Thucydides_, bk. 7.

=Hippis=, an historian and poet of Rhegium, in the reign of Xerxes.
_Ælian_, _De Natura Animalium_, bk. 8, ch. 33.

=Hippius=, a surname of Neptune, from his having raised a horse (ἱππος)
from the earth in his contest with Minerva concerning the giving a
name to Athens.

=Hippo=, a daughter of Scedasus, who, upon being ravished by the
ambassadors of Sparta, killed herself, cursing the city that gave
birth to such men. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 13.――――A celebrated town
of Africa, on the Mediterranean. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 3, li. 252.
――――_Strabo_, bk. 17, says that there are two of the same name in
Africa, one of which, by way of distinction, is called _Regius_.
_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 3; bk. 9, ch. 8.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 7.――_Livy_,
bk. 29, chs. 3 & 32.――――Also a town of Spain. _Livy_, bk. 39, ch. 30.
――――Of the Brutii.

=Hippobotes=, a large meadow near the Caspian sea, where 50,000 horses
could graze.

=Hippobotus=, a Greek historian, who composed a treatise on
philosophers. _Diogenes Laërtius_, _Pythagoras_.

=Hippocentauri=, a race of monsters who dwelt in Thessaly. _See:_
Centauri.

=Hippocoon=, a son of Œbalus, brother to Tyndarus. He was put to death
by Hercules, because he had driven his brother from the kingdom of
Lacedæmon. He was at the chase of the Calydonian boar. _Diodorus_,
bk. 4.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, &c.; bk. 3, ch. 10.――_Pausanias_,
_Laconia_.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 314.――――A friend
of Æneas, son of Hyrtacus, who distinguished himself in the funeral
games of Sicily. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 492, &c.

=Hippocorystes=, a son of Ægyptus,――――of Hippocoon. _Apollodorus._

=Hippocrăte=, a daughter of Thespius. _Apollodorus._

=Hippŏcrătes=, a celebrated physician of Cos, one of the Cyclades.
He studied physic, in which his grandfather Nebrus was so eminently
distinguished; and he improved himself by reading the tablets in
the temples of the gods, where each individual had written down the
diseases under which he had laboured, and the means by which he had
recovered. He delivered Athens from a dreadful pestilence in the
beginning of the Peloponnesian war, and he was publicly rewarded
with a golden crown, the privileges of a citizen of Athens, and
the initiation at the grand festivals. Skilful and diligent in his
profession, he openly declared the measures which he had taken to
cure a disease, and candidly confesses, that of 42 patients which
were entrusted to his care, only 17 had recovered, and the rest had
fallen a prey to the distemper in spite of his medical applications.
He devoted all his time for the service of his country; and when
Artaxerxes invited him, even by force of arms, to come to his
court, Hippocrates firmly and modestly answered, that he was born
to serve his countrymen, and not a foreigner. He enjoyed the rewards
which his well-directed labours claimed, and while he lived in the
greatest popularity, he was carefully employed in observing the
symptoms and the growth of every disorder, and from his judicious
remarks, succeeding physicians have received the most valuable
advantages. The experiments which he had tried upon the human frame
increased his knowledge, and from his consummate observations,
he knew how to moderate his own life as well as to prescribe to
others. He died in the 99th year of his age, B.C. 361, free from all
disorders of the mind and body; and after death he received, with
the name of _Great_, the same honours which were paid to Hercules.
His writings, few of which remain, have procured him the epithet
of divine, and show that he was the Homer of his profession.
According to Galen, his opinion is as respectable as the voice of an
oracle. He wrote in the Ionic dialect, at the advice of Democritus,
though he was a Dorian. His memory is still venerated at Cos, and
the present inhabitants of the island show a small house, which
Hippocrates, as they mention, once inhabited. The best editions
of his works are that of Fæsius, Geneva, folio, 1657; of Linden,
2 vols., 8vo, Amsterdam, 1665; and that of Mackius, 2 vols., folio,
Viennæ, 1743. His treatises, especially the _Aphorisms_, have
been published separately. _Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 37.――_Cicero_, _On
Oratory_, bk. 3.――――An Athenian general in the Peloponnesian war.
_Plutarch._――――A mathematician.――――An officer of Chalcedon, killed
by Alcibiades. _Plutarch_, _Alcibiades_.――――A Syracusan defeated by
Marcellus.――――The father of Pisistratus.――――A tyrant of Gela.

=Hippocratia=, a festival in honour of Neptune, in Arcadia.

=Hippocrēne=, a fountain of Bœotia, near mount Helicon, sacred to the
muses. It first rose from the ground, when struck by the feet of the
horse Pegasus, whence the name ἱππου κρηνη, _the horse’s fountain_.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 256.

=Hippŏdămas=, a son of the Achelous,――――of Priam. _Apollodorus._

=Hippŏdăme= and =Hippodamīa=, a daughter of Œnomaus king of Pisa, in
Elis, who married Pelops son of Tantalus. Her father, who was either
enamoured of her himself, or afraid lest he should perish by one of
his daughter’s children, according to an oracle, refused to marry
her, except to him who could overcome him in a chariot-race. As the
beauty of Hippodamia was greatly celebrated, many courted her, and
accepted her father’s conditions, though death attended a defeat.
Thirteen had already been conquered, and forfeited their lives,
when Pelops came from Lydia and entered the lists. Pelops previously
bribed Myrtilus the charioteer of Œnomaus, and ensured himself
the victory. In the race, Œnomaus mounted on a broken chariot,
which the corrupted Myrtilus had purposely provided for him, was
easily overcome, and was killed in the course; and Pelops married
Hippodamia, and avenged the death of Œnomaus, by throwing into
the sea the perfidious Myrtilus, who claimed for the reward of
his treachery the favour which Hippodamia could grant only to her
husband. Hippodamia became mother of Atreus and Thyestes, and it
is said that she died of grief for the death of her father, which
her guilty correspondence with Pelops and Myrtilus had occasioned.
_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3, li. 7.――_Hyginus_, fables 84 & 253.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 14, &c.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Ovid_,
_Heroides_, poems 8 & 17.――――A daughter of Adrastus king of Argos,
who married Pirithous king of the Lapithæ. The festivity which
prevailed on the day of her marriage was interrupted by the attempts
of Eurytus to offer her violence. _See:_ Pirithous. She is called
Ischomache by some, and Deidamia by others. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 12.――_Plutarch_, _Theseus_.――――A daughter of Danaus.
_Apollodorus._――――A mistress of Achilles, daughter of Brises.――――A
daughter of Anchises, who married Alcathous. _Homer_, _Iliad_,
bk. 13, li. 429.

=Hippŏdămus=, a man of Miletus, who settled a republic without any
previous knowledge of government. _Aristotle_, bk. 2, _Politics_.
――――A Pythagorean philosopher.――――An Athenian who gave his house
to his country, when he knew such a concession would improve the
port of the Piræus.――――An Athenian archon.――――A man famous for his
voracious appetite.

=Hippŏdĭce=, one of the Danaides. _Apollodorus._

=Hippodrŏmus=, a son of Hercules. _Apollodorus._――――A Thessalian,
who succeeded in a school at Athens, in the age of Marcus Antony.
_Philostratus._――――A place where horse-races were exhibited.
_Martial_, bk. 12, ltr. 50.

=Hippŏla=, a town of Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 25.

=Hippŏlŏchus=, a son of Bellerophon, father to Glaucus, who commanded
the Lycians during the Trojan war.――――A son of Glaucus also bore the
same name. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 6, li. 119.――――A son of Antimachus,
slain in the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11, li. 122.

=Hippŏly̆te=, a queen of the Amazons, given in marriage to Theseus by
Hercules, who had conquered her, and taken away her girdle by order
of Eurystheus. _See:_ Hercules. She had a son by Theseus, called
Hippolytus. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.――_Propertius_, bk. 4, poem 3.
――――The wife of Acastus, who fell in love with Peleus, who was in
exile at her husband’s court. She accused him of incontinence, and
of attempts upon her virtue, before Acastus, only because he refused
to gratify her desires. She is also called Astyochia. _See:_ Acastus.
――――A daughter of Cretheus. _Apollodorus._

=Hippŏly̆tus=, a son of Theseus and Hippolyte, famous for his virtues
and his misfortunes. His stepmother Phædra fell in love with him,
and when he refused to pollute his father’s bed, she accused him of
offering violence to her person before Theseus. Her accusation was
readily believed, and Theseus entreated Neptune severely to punish
the incontinence of his son. Hippolytus fled from the resentment
of his father, and as he pursued his way along the sea-shore, his
horses were so frightened at the noise of sea-calves, which Neptune
had purposely sent there, that they ran among the rocks till his
chariot was broken and his body torn to pieces. Temples were raised
to his memory, particularly at Trœzene, where he received divine
honours. According to some accounts, Diana restored him to life.
_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 268; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15, li. 469.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 761, &c.――――A son of Ropalus king
of Sicyon, greatly beloved by Apollo. _Plutarch_, _Numa_.――――A giant
killed by Mercury.――――A son of Ægyptus. _Apollodorus_, bks. 1 & 2.
――――A christian writer in the third century, whose works have been
edited by Fabricius, Hamburg, folio, 1716.

=Hippŏmăchus=, a musician, who severely rebuked one of his pupils
because he was praised by the multitude, and observed that it was
the greatest proof of his ignorance. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_,
bk. 2, ch. 6.

=Hippŏmĕdon=, a son of Nisimachus and Mythidice, who was one of the
seven chiefs who went against Thebes. He was killed by Ismarus son
of Acastus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 6.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 36.

=Hippomedūsa=, a daughter of Danaus. _Apollodorus._

=Hippŏmĕnes=, an Athenian archon, who exposed his daughter Limone to
be devoured by horses, because guilty of adultery. _Ovid_, _Ibis_,
li. 459.――――A son of Macareus and Merope, who married Atalanta
[_See:_ Atalanta], with the assistance of Venus. These two fond
lovers were changed into lions by Cybele, whose temple they had
profaned in their impatience to consummate their nuptials. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 10, li. 585, &c.――――The father of Megareus.

=Hippomolgi=, a people of Scythia, who, as the name implies, lived
upon the milk of horses. Hippocrates has given an account of their
manner of living, _De Aere Aquis et Locis_, ♦ch. 18.――_Dionysius
Periegetes._

♦ ‘44’ replaced with ‘18’

=Hĭppon= and =Hippo=, a town of Africa.

=Hippōna=, a goddess who presided over horses. Her statues were placed
in horses’ stables. _Juvenal_, satire 8, li. 157.

=Hippōnax=, a Greek poet born at Ephesus, 540 years before the
christian era. He cultivated the same satirical poetry as
Archilochus, and was not inferior to him in the beauty or vigour of
his lines. His satirical raillery obliged him to fly from Ephesus.
As he was naturally deformed, two brothers, Buphalus and Anthermus,
made a statue of him, which, by the deformity of its features,
exposed the poet to universal ridicule. Hipponax resolved to avenge
the injury, and he wrote such bitter invectives and satirical
lampoons against them, that they hanged themselves in despair.
_Cicero_, _Letters to his Friends_, bk. 7, ltr. 24.

=Hipponiates=, a bay in the country of the Brutii.

=Hipponīum=, a city in the country of the Brutii, where Agathocles
built a dock. _Strabo._

=Hipponous=, the father of Peribœa and Capaneus. He was killed by the
thunderbolts of Jupiter before the walls of Thebes. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 1, ch. 8; bk. 3, ch. 1.――――The first name of Bellerophon.――――A
son of Priam.

=Hippopŏdes=, a people of Scythia, who have _horses’ feet_. _Dionysius
Periegetes._

=Hippostrătus=, a favourite of Lais.

=Hippŏtădes=, the patronymic of Æolus, grandson to Hippotas by Segesta,
as also of Amastrus his son, who was killed in the Rutulian war.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 674.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 11,
li. 431.

=Hippŏtas=, or =Hippŏtes=, a Trojan prince, changed into a river.
_See:_ Crinisus.――――The father of Æolus, who from thence is called
Hippotades. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 10, li. 2.――_Ovid_, _Heroides_,
poem 18, li. 46; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14, li. 224.

=Hippothoe=, a daughter of Mestor and Lysidice, carried away to the
islands called Echinades by Neptune, by whom she had a son named
Taphius. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――――One of the Nereides.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 2.――――A daughter of Pelias. _Apollodorus._

=Hippŏthoon=, a son of Neptune and Alope daughter of Cercyon, exposed
in the woods by his mother, that her amours with the god might be
concealed from her father. Her shame was discovered, and her father
ordered her to be put to death. Neptune changed her into a fountain,
and the child was preserved by mares, whence his name, and when
grown up, placed on his grandfather’s throne by the friendship of
Theseus. _Hyginus_, fable 187.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 38.

=Hippothoontis=, one of the 12 Athenian tribes, which received its
name from Hippothoon.

=Hippŏthous=, a son of Lethus, killed by Ajax in the Trojan war.
_Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 2 & 17.――――A son of Priam. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 3, ch. 12.――――A son of Ægyptus. _Apollodorus._――――One of the
hunters of the Calydonian boar. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1,
li. 307.

=Hippŏtion=, a prince who assisted the Trojans, and was killed by
Merion. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 13 & 14.

=Hippūris=, one of the Cyclades. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Hippus=, a river falling into the Phasis.

=Hipsides=, a Macedonian, &c. _Curtius_, bk. 7, ch. 7.

=Hira=, a maritime town of Peloponnesus. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 12.

=Hirpīni=, a people of the Samnites. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 560.

=Quinctius Hirpīnus=, a Roman, to whom Horace dedicated his bk. 2,
ode 11, and also bk. 1, ltr. 16.

=Hirtus=, a debauched fellow, &c. _Juvenal_, satire 10, li. 222.

=Hirtia lex=, _de magistratibus_, by Aulus Hirtius. It required that
none of Pompey’s adherents should be raised to any office or dignity
in the state.

=Hirtius Aulus=, a consul with Pansa, who assisted Brutus when
besieged at Mutina by Antony. They defeated Antony, but were both
killed in battle B.C. 43. _Suetonius_, _Augustus_, ch. 10.――――An
historian to whom the eighth book of Cæsar’s history of the
Gallic wars, as also that of the Alexandrian and Spanish wars, is
attributed. The style is inferior to that of Cæsar’s Commentaries.
The author, who was Cæsar’s friend, and Cicero’s pupil, is supposed
to be no other than the consul of that name.

=Hisbon=, a Rutulian, killed by Pallas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10,
li. 384.

=Hispălis=, an ancient town of Spain, now called _Seville_. _Pliny_,
bk. 3, ch. 3.――_Cicero_, _Letters to his Friends_, bk. 10, ltr. 32.