Chapter VIII: Preface: To the Original Edition (7)

=Ammōnia=, a name of Juno in Elis, as being the wife of Jupiter Ammon.
_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 15.

=Ammōnii=, a nation of Africa, who derived their origin from the
Egyptians and Æthiopians. Their language was a mixture of that of
the two people from whom they were descended. _Herodotus_, bks. 2,
3, & 4.

=Ammōnius=, a christian philosopher, who opened a school of Platonic
philosophy at Alexandria, 232 A.D., and had amongst his pupils
Origen and Plotinus. His treatise, Περι Ὁμοιων, was published in
4to by Valckenaer, Leiden, 1739.――――A writer who gave an account of
sacrifices, as also a treatise on the harlots of Athens. _Athenæus_,
bk. 13.――――An Athenian general surnamed Barcas. _Polybius_, bk. 3.

=Ammothea=, one of the Nereides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_.

=Amnias=, a river of Bithynia. _Appian_, _Mithridatic Wars_.

=Amnīsus=, a port of Gnossus, at the north of Crete, with a small
river of the same name, near which Lucina had a temple. The nymphs
of the place were called Amnisiades. _Callimachus._

=Amœbæus=, an Athenian player of great reputation, who sung at the
nuptials of Demetrius and Nicæa. _Polyænus_, bk. 4, ch. 6.

=Amomētus=, a Greek historian. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 17.

=Amor=, the son of Venus, was the god of love. _See:_ Cupido.

=Amorges=, a Persian general, killed in Caria, in the reign of Xerxes.
_Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 121.

=Amorgos=, an island among the Cyclades, where Simonides was born.
_Strabo_, bk. 10.

=Ampĕlus=, a promontory of Samos.――――A town of Crete,――――of
Macedonia,――――of Liguria,――――and Cyrene.――――A favourite of Bacchus,
son of a satyr and a nymph, made a constellation after death. _Ovid_,
_Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 407.

=Ampelūsia=, a promontory of Africa, in Mauritania. _Mela_, bk. 1,
chs. 5 & 6.

=Amphēa=, a city of Messenia, taken by the Lacedæmonians. _Pausanias_,
bk. 4, ch. 5.

=Amphialāus=, a famous dancer in the island of the Phæacians. _Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 8.

=Amphiănax=, a king of Lycia in the time of Acrisius and Prœtus.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 2.

=Amphiarāus=, son of Oicleus, or, according to others, of Apollo
by Hypermnestra, was at the chase of the Calydonian boar, and
accompanied the Argonauts in their expedition. He was famous for
his knowledge of futurity and thence he is called by some son of
Apollo. He married Eriphyle, the sister of Adrastus king of Argos,
by whom he had two sons, Alcmæon and Amphilochus. When Adrastus, at
the request of Polynices, declared war against Thebes, Amphiaraus
secreted himself, not to accompany his brother-in-law in an
expedition in which he knew he was to perish. But Eriphyle, who
knew where he had concealed himself, was prevailed upon to betray
him by Polynices, who gave her as a reward for her perfidy a famous
golden necklace set with diamonds. Amphiaraus being thus discovered,
went to the war, but previously charged his son Alcmæon to put to
death his mother Eriphyle, as soon as he was informed that he was
killed. The Theban war was fatal to the Argives, and Amphiaraus was
swallowed up in his chariot by the earth, as he attempted to retire
from the battle. The news of his death was brought to Alcmæon, who
immediately executed his father’s command, and murdered Eriphyle.
Amphiaraus received divine honours after death, and had a celebrated
temple and oracle at Oropos in Attica. His statue was made of white
marble, and near his temple was a fountain, whose waters were ever
held sacred. They only who had consulted his oracle, or had been
delivered from a disease, were permitted to bathe in it, after which
they threw pieces of gold and silver into the stream. Those who
consulted the oracle of Amphiaraus first purified themselves, and
abstained from food for 24 hours, and three days from wine, after
which they sacrificed a ram to the prophet, and spread the skin upon
the ground, upon which they slept in expectation of receiving in a
dream the answer of the oracle. Plutarch, _De Defectu Oraculorum_,
mentions that the oracle of Amphiaraus was once consulted in the
time of Xerxes, by one of the servants of Mardonius, for his master,
who was then with an army in Greece; and that the servant, when
asleep, saw in a dream the priest of the temple, who upbraided
him and drove him away, and even threw stones at his head when
he refused to comply. This oracle was verified in the death of
Mardonius, who was actually killed by the blow of a stone which
he received on the head. _Cicero_, _de Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 40.
――_Philostratus_, _Lives_.――_Apollonius_, bk. 2, ch. 11.――_Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 15, li. 243, &c.――_Hyginus_, fables 70, 73, 128,
& 150.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Ovid_, bk. 9, fable 10.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 1, ch. 34; bk. 2, ch. 37; bk. 9, chs. 8 & 19.――_Aeschylus_,
_Seven Against Thebes_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, chs. 8 & 9; bk. 3,
ch. 6, &c.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.

=Amphiarāĭdes=, a patronymic of Alcmæon as being son of Amphiaraus.
_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 2, li. 43.

=Amphicrătes=, an historian who wrote the lives of illustrious men.
_Diogenes Laërtius._

=Amphictyon=, son of Deucalion and Pyrrha, reigned at Athens after
Cranaus, and first attempted to give the interpretation of dreams,
and to draw omens. Some say that the deluge happened in his age.
_Justin_, bk. 2, ch. 6.――――The son of Helenus, who first established
the celebrated council of the _Amphictyons_, composed of the wisest
and most virtuous men of some cities of Greece. This august assembly
consisted of 12 persons, originally sent by the following states:
the Ionians, Dorians, Perhæbians, Bœotians, Magnesians, Phthians,
Locrians, Malians, Phocians, Thessalians, Dolopes, and the people
of Œta. Other cities in process of time sent also some of their
citizens to the council of the Amphictyons, and in the age of
Antoninus Pius, they were increased to the number of 30. They
generally met twice every year at Delphi, and sometimes sat at
Thermopylæ. They took into consideration all matters of difference
which might exist between the different states of Greece. When the
Phocians plundered the temple of Delphi the Amphictyons declared
war against them, and this war was supported by all the states of
Greece, and lasted 10 years. The Phocians, with their allies the
Lacedæmonians, were deprived of the privilege of sitting in the
council of the Amphictyons, and the Macedonians were admitted in
their place, for their services in support of the war. About 60
years after, when Brennus, with the Gauls, invaded Greece, the
Phocians behaved with such courage, that they were reinstated in
all their former privileges. Before they proceeded to business, the
Amphictyons sacrificed an ox to the god of Delphi, and cut his flesh
into small pieces, intimating that union and unanimity prevailed
in the several cities which they represented. Their decisions were
held sacred and inviolable, and even arms were taken up to enforce
them. _Pausanias_, _Phocis_ & _Achaia_.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Suidas._
――_Hesychius._――_Aeschines._

=Amphiclea=, a town of Phocis, where Bacchus had a temple.

=Amphidāmus=, a son of Aleus, brother to Lycurgus. He was of the
family of the Inachidæ. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 4.――――One of the
Argonauts. _Flaccus_, bk. 1, li. 376.――――A son of Busiris, killed
by Hercules. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 5.

=Amphidrŏmia=, a festival observed by private families at Athens, the
fifth day after the birth of every child. It was customary to _run
round_ the fire with a child in their arms; whence the name of the
festivals.

=Amphigenīa=, a town of Messenia in Peloponnesus. _Statius_, _Thebiad_,
bk. 4, li. 178.

=Amphilŏchus=, a son of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle. After the Trojan war,
he left Argos, his native country, and built Amphilochus, a town of
Epirus. _Strabo_, bk. 7.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 18.――――An Athenian
philosopher who wrote upon agriculture. _Varro_, _de Re Rustica_,
bk. 1.

=Amphily̆tus=, a soothsayer of Acarnania, who encouraged Pisistratus to
seize the sovereign power of Athens. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 62.

=Amphimăche=, a daughter of Amphidamus, wife of Eurystheus.
_Apollodorus_, bk. 2.

=Amphimăchus=, one of Helen’s suitors, son of Cteatus. He went to the
Trojan war. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 10.――_Hyginus_, fable 97.――――A
son of Actor and Theronice. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 3.

=Amphimĕdon=, a Libyan killed by Perseus, in the court of Cepheus.
_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 75.――――One of Penelope’s suitors,
killed by Telemachus. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 22, li. 283.

=Amphinŏme=, the name of one of the attendants of Thetis. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 18, li. 44.

=Amphinŏmus=, one of Penelope’s suitors, killed by Telemachus. _Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bks. 16 & 22.

=Amphinŏmus= and =Anapius=, two brothers, who, when Catana and the
neighbouring cities were in flames, by an eruption from mount Ætna,
saved their parents upon their shoulders. The fire, as it is said,
spared them while it consumed others by their side; and Pluto, to
reward their uncommon piety, placed them after death in the island
of Leuce, and they received divine honours in Sicily. _Valerius
Maximus_, bk. 5, ch. 4.――_Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14,
li. 197.――_Seneca_, _de Beneficiis_.

=Amphīon=, was son of Jupiter, by Antiope daughter of Nycteus, who had
married Lycus, and had been repudiated by him when he married Dirce.
Amphion was born at the same birth as Zethus, on mount Citheron,
where Antiope had fled to avoid the resentment of Dirce; and the
two children were exposed in the woods, but preserved by a shepherd.
_See:_ Antiope. When Amphion grew up, he cultivated poetry and made
such an uncommon progress in music, that he is said to have been the
inventor of it, and to have built the walls of Thebes at the sound
of his lyre. Mercury taught him music, and gave him the lyre. He
was the first who raised an altar to this god. Zethus and Amphion
united to avenge the wrongs which their mother had suffered from
the cruelties of Dirce. They besieged and took Thebes, put Lycus to
death, and tied his wife to the tail of a wild bull, which dragged
her through precipices till she expired. The fable of Amphion’s
moving stones and raising the walls of Thebes at the sound of his
lyre, has been explained by supposing that he persuaded, by his
eloquence, a wild and uncivilized people to unite together and
build a town to protect themselves against the attacks of their
enemies. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 11.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, chs.
5 & 10.――_Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 6; bk. 6, ch. 20; bk. 9, chs. 5
& 17.――_Propertius_, bk. 3, poem 15.――_Ovid_, _de Ars Amatoria_,
bk. 3, li. 323.――_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 11; _Art of Poetry_, li.
394.――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 1, li. 10.――――A son of Jasus king
of Orchomenos, by Persephone daughter of Mius. He married Niobe
daughter of Tantalus, by whom he had many children, among whom was
Chloris the wife of Neleus. He has been confounded by mythologists
with the son of Antiope, though Homer in his Odyssey speaks of them
both, and distinguishes them beyond contradiction. The number of
Amphion’s children, according to Homer, was 12, six of each sex;
according to Ælian, 20; and according to Ovid, 14, seven males
and seven females. When Niobe boasted herself greater, and more
deserving of immortality than Latona, all her children, except
Chloris, were destroyed by the arrows of Apollo and Diana; Niobe
herself was changed into a stone, and Amphion killed himself in a
fit of despair. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 11, lis. 261 & 282.――_Ælian_,
_Varia Historia_, bk. 12, li. 36.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6,
fable 5.――――One of the Argonauts. _Hyginus_, fable 14.――――A famous
painter and statuary, son of Acestor of Gnossus. _Pliny_, bk. 36,
ch. 10.――――One of the Greek generals in the Trojan war. _Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 13, li. 692.

=Amphipŏles=, magistrates appointed at Syracuse by Timoleon, after the
expulsion of Dionysius the younger. The office existed for above 300
years. _Diodorus_, bk. 16.

=Amphipŏlis=, a town on the Strymon, between Macedonia and Thrace.
An Athenian colony, under Agnon son of Nicias, drove the ancient
inhabitants, called Edonians, from the country, and built a city,
which they called Amphipolis, _i.e._ a town surrounded on all sides,
because the Strymon flowed all around it. It has been also called
Acra, Strymon, Myrica, Eion, and the town of Mars. It was the cause
of many wars between the Athenians and Spartans. _Thucydides_,
bk. 4, ch. 102, &c.――_Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 126; bk. 7, ch. 114.――
_Diodorus_, bks. 11, 12, &c.――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Cimon_.

=Amphipy̆ros=, a surname of Diana, because she carries a _torch_ in
_both_ her hands. _Sophocles_, _Trachiniæ_.

=Amphirētus=, a man of Acanthus, who artfully escaped from pirates who
had made him prisoner. _Polyænus_, bk. 6.

=Amphiroe=, one of the Oceanides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 361.

=Amphis=, a Greek comic poet of Athens, son of Amphicrates,
contemporary with Plato. Besides his comedies he wrote other pieces,
which are now lost. _Suidas._――_Diogenes Laërtius._

=Amphisbæna=, a two-headed serpent in the deserts of Libya, whose bite
was venomous and deadly. _Lucan_, bk. 9, li. 719.

=Amphissa=, or =Issa=, a daughter of Macareus, beloved by Apollo. She
gave her name to a city of Locris near Phocis, in which was a temple
of Minerva. _Livy_, bk. 37, ch. 5.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 15,
li. 703.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 172.――――A town of the Brutii on the
east coast.

=Amphissēne=, a country of Armenia.

=Amphissus=, a son of Dryope. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, fable 10.

=Amphisthĕnes=, a Lacedæmonian, who fell delirious in sacrificing to
Diana. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 16.

=Amphistīdes=, a man so naturally destitute of intellect, that he
seldom remembered that he ever had a father. He wished to learn
arithmetic, but never could comprehend beyond the figure 4.
_Aristotle_, _Problemata_, bk. 4.

=Amphistrătus= and =Rhecas=, two men of Laconia, charioteers to Castor
and Pollux. _Strabo_, bk. 11.――_Justin_, bk. 42, ch. 3.

=Amphitea=, the mother of Ægialeus by Cyanippus, and of three
daughters, Argia, Deipyle, and Ægialea, by Adrastus king of Argos.
She was daughter to Pronax. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1.――――The wife of
Autolycus, by whom she had Anticlea the wife of Laertes. _Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 19, li. 416.

=Amphitheātrum=, a large round or oval building at Rome, where the
people assembled to see the combats of gladiators, of wild beasts,
and other exhibitions. The amphitheatres of Rome were generally
built with wood. Statilius Taurus was the first who made one with
stones, under Augustus.

=Amphithĕmis=, a Theban general, who involved the Lacedæmonians into
a war with his country. _Plutarch_, _Lysander_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3,
ch. 9.

=Amphithoe=, one of the Nereides.

=Amphītrīte=, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, married Neptune, though
she had made a vow of perpetual celibacy. She had by him Triton,
one of the sea deities. She had a statue at Corinth in the temple
of Neptune. She is sometimes called Salatia, and is often taken
for the sea itself. _Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_, bk. 4.――_Hesiod_,
_Theogony_, li. 930.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3.――_Claudian_, _de Raptu
Proserpinæ_, bk. 1, li. 104.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1,
li. 14.――――One of the Nereides.

=Amphĭtryon=, a Theban prince, son of Alcæus and Hipponome. His sister
Anaxo had married Electryon king of Mycenæ, whose sons were killed
in a battle by the Teleboans. Electryon promised his crown and
daughter Alcmena to him who could revenge the death of his sons upon
the Teleboans; and Amphitryon offered himself and was received, on
condition that he should not approach Alcmena before he had obtained
a victory. Jupiter, who was captivated with the charms of Alcmena,
borrowed the features of Amphitryon when he was gone to the war, and
introduced himself to Electryon’s daughter as her husband returned
victorious. Alcmena became pregnant of Hercules by Jupiter, and
of Iphiclus by Amphitryon, after his return. _See:_ Alcmena. When
Amphitryon returned from the war, he brought back to Electryon
the herds which the Teleboans had taken from him. One of the cows
having strayed from the rest, Amphitryon, to bring them together,
threw a stick, which struck the horns of the cow, and rebounded
with such violence upon Electryon, that he died on the spot. After
this accidental murder, Sthenelus, Electryon’s brother, seized the
kingdom of Mycenæ, and obliged Amphitryon to leave Argolis, and
retire to Thebes with Alcmena. Creon king of Thebes purified him of
the murder. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8,
li. 213.――_Propertius_, bk. 4, poem 10, li. 1.――_Hesiod_, _Shield of
Heracles_.――_Hyginus_, fable 29.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 14.

=Amphitryōniădes=, a surname of Hercules, as the supposed son of
Amphitryon. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 103.

=Amphitus=, a priest of Ceres, at the court of Cepheus. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, fable 5.

=Amphotĕrus=, was appointed commander of a fleet in the Hellespont by
Alexander. _Curtius_, bk. 3, ch. 1.――――A son of Alcmæon.

=Amphrȳsus=, a river of Thessaly, near which Apollo, when banished
from heaven, fed the flocks of king Admetus. From this circumstance
the god has been called _Amphryssius_, and his priestess
_Amphryssia_. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 580.――_Lucan_,
bk. 6, li. 367.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 3, li. 2; _Æneid_, bk. 6,
li. 398.――――A river of Phrygia, whose waters rendered women liable
to barrenness. _Pliny_, bk. 32, ch. 2.

=Ampia Labiena lex=, was enacted by Titus Ampius and ♦Titus Labienus,
tribunes of the people, A.U.C. 693. It gave Pompey the Great the
privilege of appearing in triumphal robes and with a golden crown
at the Circensian games, and with a prætexta and golden crown at
theatrical plays.

♦ ‘A.’ replaced with ‘Titus’

=Ampracia=. _See:_ Ambracia.

=Ampysĭdes=, a patronymic of Mopsus son of Ampyx. _Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 316.

=Ampyx=, a son of Pelias. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 18.――――A man
mentioned by _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 184.――――The father
of Mopsus. _Orpheus_, _Argonauts_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 17.

=Amsactus=, a lake in the country of the Hirpini, at the east of
Capua, whose waters are so sulphureous that they infect and destroy
whatever animals come near the place. It was through this place that
Virgil made the fury Alecto descend into hell, after her visit to
the upper regions. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 565.――_Cicero_,
_de Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 36.

=Amūlius=, king of Alba, was son of Procas and youngest brother
to Numitor. The crown belonged to Numitor by right of birth; but
Amulius dispossessed him of it, and even put to death his son Lausus,
and consecrated his daughter Rhea Sylvia to the service of Vesta,
to prevent her ever becoming a mother. Yet, in spite of all these
precautions, Rhea became pregnant by the god Mars, and brought forth
twins, Romulus and Remus. Amulius, who was informed of this, ordered
the mother to be buried alive for violating the laws of Vesta, which
enjoined perpetual chastity, and the two children to be thrown into
the river. They were providentially saved by some shepherds, or,
as others say, by a she-wolf; and when they had attained the years
of manhood, they put to death the usurper, Amulius, and restored
the crown to their grandfather. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 67.――
_Livy_, bk. 1, chs. 3 & 4.――_Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――_Florus_, bk. 1,
ch. 1.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus._――――A celebrated painter.
_Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 10.

=Amy̆ci Portus=, a place in Pontus, famous for the death of Amycus king
of the Bebryces. His tomb was covered with laurels, whose boughs,
as is reported, when carried on board a ship, caused uncommon
dissensions among the sailors. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 32.――_Arrian._

=Amy̆cla=, a daughter of Niobe, who, with her sister Melibœa, was
spared by Diana, when her mother boasted herself greater than Diana.
_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 22.――――Homer says that all the daughters
perished. _Iliad_, bk. 24. _See:_ Niobe.――――The nurse of Alcibiades.

=Amy̆clæ=, a town of Italy between Caieta and Tarracina, built by
the companions of Castor and Pollux. The inhabitants were strict
followers of the precepts of Pythagoras, and therefore abstained
from flesh. They were killed by serpents, which they thought impious
to destroy, though in their own defence. _Pliny_, bk. 8, ch. 29.
Once a report prevailed in Amyclæ that the enemies were coming to
storm it; upon which the inhabitants made a law that forbade such
a report to be credited, and when the enemy really arrived, no one
mentioned it, or took up arms in his own defence, and the town was
easily taken. From this circumstance the epithet of _tacitæ_ has
been given to Amyclæ. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 564.――_Silius
Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 529.――――A city of Peloponnesus, built by
Amyclas. Castor and Pollux were born there. The country was famous
for dogs. Apollo, called Amyclæus, had a rich and magnificent temple
there, surrounded with delightful groves. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 18.
――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 4, li. 223.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Virgil_,
_Georgics_, bk. 3, li. 345.――_Ovid_, _de Ars Amatoria_, bk. 2, li. 5.

=Amyclæus=, a statuary. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 13.――――A surname of
Apollo.

=Amyclas=, son of Lacedæmon and Sparta, built the city of Amyclæ.
His sister Eurydice married Acrisius king of Argos, by whom she had
Danae. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 1; bk. 7, ch. 18.――――The master of a
ship in which Cæsar embarked in disguise. When Amyclas wished to put
back to avoid a violent storm, Cæsar, unveiling his head, discovered
himself, and bidding the pilot pursue his voyage, exclaimed, _Cæsarem
vehis, Cæsarisque fortunam_. _Lucan_, bk. 5, li. 520.

=Amy̆cus=, son of Neptune by Melia, or Bithynis, according to others,
was king of the Bebryces. He was famous for his skill in the
management of the cestus, and he challenged all strangers to a trial
of strength. When the Argonauts, in their expedition, stopped on
his coasts, he treated them with great kindness, and Pollux accepted
his challenge, and killed him when he attempted to overcome him by
fraud. _Apollonius_, bk. 2, _Argonautica_.――_Theocritus_, _Idylls_,
poem 22.――_Apollonius_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――――One of the companions of
Æneas, who almost perished in a storm on the coast of Africa. He
was killed by Turnus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 225; bk. 9,
li. 772.――――Another, likewise killed by Turnus. _Ibis_, bk. 12,
li. 509.――――A son of Ixion and the cloud.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 12, li. 245.

=Amy̆don=, a city of Pæonia in Macedonia, which sent auxiliaries to
Priam during the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.

=Amȳmōne=, daughter of Danaus and Europa, married Enceladus son
of Ægyptus, whom she murdered the first night of her nuptials.
She wounded a satyr with an arrow which she had aimed at a stag.
The satyr pursued her, and even offered her violence, but Neptune
delivered her. It was said that she was the only one of the 50
sisters who was not condemned to fill a leaky tub with water in
hell, because she had been continually employed, by order of her
father, in supplying the city of Argos with water in a great drought.
Neptune saw her in this employment, and was enamoured of her. He
carried her away, and in the place where she stood, he raised a
fountain by striking a rock. The fountain has been called Amymone.
She had Nauplius by Neptune. _Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 26, li. 46.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch.
37.――_Ovid_, _Amores_, bk. 1, li. 515.――_Hyginus_, fable 169.――――A
fountain and rivulet of Peloponnesus, flowing through Argolis into
the lake of Lerna. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, li. 240.

=Amyntas I.=, was king of Macedonia after his father Alcetas. His son
Alexander murdered the ambassadors of Megabyzus, for their wanton
and insolent behaviour to the ladies of his father’s court. Bubares,
a Persian general, was sent with an army to revenge the death of
the ambassadors; but instead of making war, he married the king’s
daughter, and defended his possessions. _Justin_, bk. 7, ch. 3.
――_Herodotus_, bks. 5, 7, & 8.――――The second of that name was son
of Menelaus, and king of Macedonia after his murder of Pausanias.
He was expelled by the Illyrians, and restored by the Thessalians
and Spartans. He made war against the Illyrians and Olynthians, and
lived to a great age. His wife Eurydice conspired against his life;
but her snares were seasonably discovered by one of his daughters
by a former wife. He had Alexander, Perdiccas, and Philip, Alexander
the Great’s father, by his first wife; and by the other he had
Archelaus, Aridæus, and Menelaus. He reigned 24 years; and soon
after his death his son Philip murdered all his brothers, and
ascended the throne.――_Justin_, bk. 7, chs. 4 & 9.――_Diodorus_,
bk. 14, &c.――_Cornelius Nepos_ & _Plutarch_, _Pelopidas_.――――There
is another king of Macedonia of the same name, but of his life
few particulars are recorded in history.――――A man who succeeded
Dejotarus, in the kingdom of Gallogræcia. After his death it
became a Roman province under Augustus. _Strabo_, bk. 12.――――One
of Alexander’s officers.――――Another officer who deserted to Darius,
and was killed as he attempted to seize Egypt. _Curtius_, bk. 3,
ch. 9.――――A son of Antiochus, who withdrew himself from Macedonia,
because he hated Alexander.――――An officer in Alexander’s cavalry.
He had two brothers, called Simias and Polemon. He was accused of a
conspiracy against the king, on account of his great intimacy with
Philotas, and acquitted. _Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 15; bk. 6, ch. 9;
bk. 8, ch. 12.――――A shepherd’s name in Virgil’s _Eclogues_.――――A
Greek writer who composed several works quoted by Athenæus, 10 & 12.

=Amyntiānus=, an historian in the age of Antoninus, who wrote a
treatise in commendation of Philip, Olympias, and Alexander.

=Amyntor=, a king of Argos, son of Phrastor. He deprived his son
Phœnix of his eyes, to punish him for the violence which he had
offered to Clytia his concubine. _Hyginus_, fable 173.――_Ovid_,
_Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 307.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3.――_Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 9.――――A general of the Dolopes. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 12, li. 364.――――A son of Ægyptus, killed by Damone the first
night of his marriage. _Hyginus_, fable 170.

=Amyris=, a man of Sybaris, who consulted the oracle of Delphi
concerning the probable duration of his country’s prosperity, &c.

=Amyrīcus Campus=, a plain of Thessaly. _Polybius_, bk. 3.

=Amyrius=, a king by whom Cyrus was killed in a battle. _Ctesias._

=Amy̆rus=, a town of Thessaly.――――A river mentioned by _Valerius
Flaccus_, bk. 2, li. 11.

=Amystis=, a river of India falling into the Ganges. _Arrian_, _Indica_.

=Amythāon=, a son of Cretheus king of Iolchos, by Tyro. He married
Idomene, by whom he had Bias and Melampus. After his father’s death,
he established himself in Messenia with his brother Neleus, and
re-established or regulated the Olympic games. Melampus is called
_Amythaonius_, from his father Amythaon. _Virgil_, _Georgics_,
bk. 3, li. 550.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1.――_Homer_,
_Odyssey_, bk. 11.――――A son of Hippasus, who assisted Priam in the
Trojan war, and was killed by Lycomedes. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 17.

=Amytis=, a daughter of Astyages, whom Cyrus married. _Ctesias._――――A
daughter of Xerxes, who married Megabyzus, and disgraced herself by
her debaucheries.

=Anăces=, or =Anactes=, a name given to Castor and Pollux among
the Athenians. Their festivals were called Anaceia. _Plutarch_,
_Theseus_.――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 21.

=Anacharsis=, a Scythian philosopher, 592 B.C., who, on account of
his wisdom, temperance, and extensive knowledge, has been called one
of the seven wise men. Like his countrymen, he made use of a cart
instead of a house. He was wont to compare laws to cobwebs, which
can stop only small flies, and are unable to resist the superior
force of large insects. When he returned to Scythia from Athens,
where he had spent some time in study, and in the friendship of
Solon, he attempted to introduce there the laws of the Athenians,
which so irritated his brother, who was then on the throne, that
he killed him with an arrow. Anacharsis has rendered himself famous
among the ancients by his writings, and his poems on war, the
laws of Scythia, &c. Two of his letters to Crœsus and Hanno are
still extant. Later authors have attributed to him the invention
of tinder, of anchors, and of the potter’s wheel. The name of
Anacharsis is become very familiar to modern ears, by that elegant,
valuable, and truly classical work of Barthelemi, called the travels
of Anacharsis. _Herodotus_, bk. 4, chs. 56, 47, & 48.――_Plutarch_,
_Quæstiones Convivales_.――_Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 5,
ch. 32.――_Strabo_, bk. 7.

=Anacium=, a mountain with a temple sacred to the Anaces in
Peloponnesus. _Polyænus_, bk. 1, ch. 21.

=Anacreon=, a famous lyric poet of Teos in Ionia, highly favoured by
Polycrates and Hipparchus son of Pisistratus. He was of a lascivious
and intemperate disposition, much given to drinking, and deeply
enamoured of a youth called Bathyllus. His odes are still extant,
and the uncommon sweetness and elegance of his poetry have been the
admiration of every age and country. He lived to his 85th year, and,
after every excess of pleasure and debauchery, choked himself with
a grape stone and expired. Plato says that he was descended from
an illustrious family, and that Codrus, the last king of Athens,
was one of his progenitors. His statue was placed in the citadel of
Athens, representing him as an old drunken man, singing, with every
mark of dissipation and intemperance. Anacreon flourished 532 B.C.
All that he wrote is not extant; his odes were first published
by H. Stephens, with an elegant translation. The best editions
of Anacreon are that of Maittaire, 4to, London, 1725, of which
only 100 copies were printed, and the very correct one of Barnes,
12mo, Cambridge, 1721, to which may be added that of Brunck,
12mo, Strasbourg, 1778. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, chs. 2, 25.――_Strabo_,
bk. 14.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 9, ch. 4.――_Cicero_,
_Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 4, ch. 33.――_Horace_, epode 14,
li. 20.――_Pliny_, bk. 7, ch. 7.――_Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 121.

=Anactoria= and =Anactorium=, a town of Epirus, in a peninsula towards
the gulf of Ambracia. It was founded by a Corinthian colony, and was
the cause of many quarrels between the Corcyreans and Corinthians.
Augustus carried the inhabitants to the city of Nicopolis, after
the battle of Actium. _Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Thucydides_, bk. 1,
ch. 55.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 1; bk. 5, ch. 29.――――An ancient name
of Miletus.

=Anactŏrie=, a woman of Lesbos, wantonly loved by Sappho. _Ovid_,
_Heroides_, poem 15, li. 17.

=Anadyomĕne=, a valuable painting of Venus, represented as rising from
the sea, by Apelles. Augustus bought it and placed it in the temple
of Julius Cæsar. The lower part of it was a little defaced, and
there were found no painters in Rome able to repair it. _Pliny_,
bk. 35, ch. 10.

=Anagnia=, now _Anagni_, a city of the Hernici in Latium, where
Antony struck a medal when he divorced Octavia and married Cleopatra.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 684.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.――_Silius
Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 392.

=Anagogia=, a festival, celebrated by the people of Eryx in Sicily, in
honour of Venus. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 1, ch. 15; _Natura
Animalium_, bk. 4, ch. 2.

=Anagyrontum=, a small village of Attica. _Herodotus._

=Anaītis=, a goddess of Armenia. The virgins who were consecrated
to her service, esteemed themselves more dignified by public
prostitution. The festivals of the deity were called Sacarum Festa;
and when they were celebrated both sexes assisted at the ceremony,
and inebriated themselves to such a degree, that the whole was
concluded by a scene of the greatest lasciviousness and intemperance.
They were first instituted by Cyrus, when he marched against the
Sacæ, and covered tables with the most exquisite dainties, that
he might detain the enemy by the novelty and sweetness of food
to which they were unaccustomed, and thus easily destroy them.
_Strabo._――――Diana is also worshipped under this name by the Lydians.
_Pliny_, bk. 33, ch. 4.

=Ananias=, an Iambic poet. _Athenæus._

=Anăphe=, an island that rose out of the Cretan sea, and received this
name from the Argonauts, who, in the middle of a storm, suddenly
saw the new moon. Apollo was worshipped there, and called Anaphæus.
_Apollonius._

=Anaphlystus=, a small village of Attica near the sea, called after
an ancient hero of the same name, who was son of Trœzen.――――A small
village near Athens.

=Anāpus=, a river of Epirus. _Thucydides_, bk. 2, ch. 82.――――Of Sicily,
near Syracuse. _Thucydides_, bk. 6, ch. 96.

=Anartes=, a people of Lower Pannonia. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 6,
ch. 25.

=Anas=, a river of Spain, now called Guadiana. _Strabo_, bk. 3.

=Anatŏle=, one of the Horæ. _Hyginus_, fable 183.――――A mountain near
the Ganges, where Apollo ravished a nymph called Anaxibia.

=Anauchĭdas=, a Samian wrestler. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 27.

=Anaurus=, a river of Thessaly, near the foot of mount Pelion, where
Jason lost one of his sandals. _Callimachus_, _Diana [Artemis]_.――――A
river of Troas near Ida. _Colluthus._

=Anausis=, one of Medea’s suitors, killed by Styrus. _Valerius
Flaccus_, bk. 6, li. 43.

=Anax=, a son of Cœlus and Terra, father to Asterius, from whom Miletus
has been called Anactoria. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 36; bk. 7, ch. 2.

=Anaxagŏras=, succeeded his father Megapenthes on the throne of Argos.
He shared the sovereign power with Bias and Melampus, who had cured
the women of Argos of madness. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 18.――――A
Clazomenian philosopher, son of Hegesibulus, disciple to Anaximes
and preceptor to Socrates and Euripides. He disregarded wealth and
honours, to indulge his fondness for meditation and philosophy.
He applied himself to astronomy, was acquainted with eclipses, and
predicted that one day a stone would fall from the sun, which it
is said really fell into the river Ægos. Anaxagoras travelled into
Egypt for improvement, and used to say that he preferred a grain of
wisdom to heaps of gold. Pericles was in the number of his pupils,
and often consulted him in matters of state; and once dissuaded him
from starving himself to death. The ideas of Anaxagoras concerning
the heavens were wild and extravagant. He supposed that the sun was
inflammable matter, about the bigness of Peloponnesus; and that the
moon was inhabited. The heavens he believed to be of stone, and the
earth of similar materials. He was accused of impiety and condemned
to die; but he ridiculed the sentence, and said it had long been
pronounced upon him by nature. Being asked whether his body should
be carried into his own country, he answered, no, as the road that
led to the other side of the grave was as long from one place as
the other. His scholar Pericles pleaded eloquently and successfully
for him, and the sentence of death was exchanged for banishment.
In prison, the philosopher is said to have attempted to square the
circle, or determine exactly the proportion of its diameter to the
circumference. When the people of Lampsacus asked him before his
death whether he wished anything to be done in commemoration of him,
“Yes,” said he, “let the boys be allowed to play on the anniversary
of my death.” This was carefully observed, and that time, dedicated
to relaxation, was called _Anaxagoreia_. He died at Lampsacus in
his 72nd year, 428 B.C. His writings were not much esteemed by his
pupil Socrates. _Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives of Eminent Philosophers_.
――_Plutarch_, _Nicias_ & _Pericles_.――_Cicero_, _Academicæ
quaestiones_, bk. 4, ch. 23; _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 1,
ch. 43.――――A statuary of Ægina. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 23.――――A
grammarian, disciple to Zenodotus. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――An orator,
disciple to Socrates. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――A son of Echeanox, who,
with his brothers Codrus and Diodorus, destroyed Hegesias tyrant of
Ephesus.

=Anaxander=, of the family of the Heraclidæ, was son of Eurycrates
and king of Sparta. The second Messenian war began in his reign,
in which Aristomenes so egregiously signalized himself. His son
was called Eurycrates. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 204.――_Plutarch_,
_Apophthegmata Laconica_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 3; bk. 4, chs.
15 & 16.――――A general of Megalopolis, taken by the Thebans.

=Anaxandrĭdes=, son of Leon and father to Cleomenes I. and Leonidas,
was king of Sparta. By the order of the Ephori, he divorced his wife,
of whom he was extremely fond, on account of her barrenness; and he
was the first Lacedæmonian who had two wives. _Herodotus_, bks. 1,
5, & 7.――_Plutarch_, _Apophthegmata Laconica_, bk. 1.――_Pausanias_,
bk. 3, ch. 3, &c.――――A son of Theopompus. _Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch.
131.――――A comic poet of Rhodes in the age of Philip and Alexander.
He was the first poet who introduced intrigues and rapes upon the
stage. He was of such a passionate disposition, that he tore to
pieces all his compositions which met with no success. He composed
about 100 plays, of which 10 obtained the prize. Some fragments of
his poetry remain in Athenæus. He was starved to death by order of
the Athenians, for satirizing their government. _Aristotle_, bk. 3,
_Rhetoric_.

=Anaxarchus=, a philosopher of Abdera, one of the followers of
Democritus, and the friend of Alexander. When the monarch had been
wounded in a battle, the philosopher pointed to the place, adding,
“That is human blood, and not the blood of a god.” The freedom of
Anaxarchus offended Nicocreon, and after Alexander’s death, the
tyrant, in revenge, seized the philosopher, and pounded him in a
stone mortar with iron hammers. He bore this with much resignation,
and exclaimed, “Pound the body of Anaxarchus, for thou dost not
pound his soul.” Upon this Nicocreon threatened to cut his tongue,
and Anaxarchus bit it off with his teeth, and spit it out into the
tyrant’s face. _Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 571.――_Plutarch_, _Convivium
Septem Sapientium_, ch. 7.――_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives of Eminent
Philosophers_.――_Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 2, ch. 22.
――――A Theban general. _Thucydides_, bk. 8, ch. 100.

=Anaxarĕte=, a girl of Salamis, who so arrogantly despised the
addresses of Iphis, a youth of ignoble birth, that the lover hung
himself at her door. She saw this sad spectacle without emotion or
pity, and was changed into a stone. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 14,
li. 748.

=Anaxēnor=, a musician, whom Marcus Antony greatly honoured, and
presented with the tribute of four cities. _Strabo_, bk. 14.

=Anaxias=, a Theban general. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 22.

=Anaxibia=, a sister of Agamemnon, mother of seven sons and two
daughters by Nestor. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 29.――――A daughter of
Bias, brother to the physician Melampus. She married Pelias king
of Iolchos, by whom she had Acastus and four daughters――Pisidice,
Pelopea, Hippothoe, and Alceste. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――――She
is called daughter of Dymas by _Hyginus_, fable 14.

=Anaxicrătes=, an Athenian archon. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 23.

=Anaxidămus=, succeeded his father Zeuxidamus on the throne of Sparta.
_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 7; bk. 4, ch. 15.

=Anaxĭlas= and =Anaxĭlaus=, a Messenian, tyrant of Rhegium. He took
Zancle, and was so mild and popular during his reign, that when he
died, 476 B.C., he left his infant sons to the care of one of his
servants, and the citizens chose rather to obey a slave than revolt
from their benevolent sovereign’s children. _Justin_, bk. 3, ch. 2.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 23; bk. 5, ch. 27.――_Thucydides_, bk. 6,
ch. 5.――_Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 23; bk. 7, ch. 167.――――A magician
of Larissa, banished from Italy by Augustus.――――A Pythagorean
philosopher.――――A physician. _Pliny_, bk. 19, ch. 1.――――An historian,
who began his history with bitter invectives against former writers.
_Dionysius of Halicarnassus._――――A Lacedæmonian. _Plutarch_,
_Alcibiades_.――――A comic writer, about the 100th Olympiad.

=Anaxilĭdes=, wrote some treatises concerning philosophers, and
mentioned that Plato’s mother became pregnant by a phantom of the
god Apollo, from which circumstance her son was called the prince of
wisdom. _Diogenes Laërtius_, _Plutarch_.

=Anaximander=, a Milesian philosopher, the companion and disciple of
Thales. He was the first who constructed spheres, asserted that the
earth was of a cylindrical form, and taught that men were born of
earth and water mixed together, and heated by the beams of the sun;
that the earth moved, and that the moon received light from the
sun, which he considered as a circle of fire like a wheel, about 28
times bigger than the earth. He made the first geographical maps and
sun-dials. He died in the 64th year of his age, B.C. 547. _Cicero_,
_Academicæ Quæstiones_, bk. 4, ch. 37.――_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives
of Eminent Philosophers_.――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 70.――_Plutarch_,
_Quæstiones Convivales_. He had a son who bore his name. _Strabo_,
bk. 1.

=Anaximĕnes=, a philosopher, son of Erasistratus and disciple of
Anaximander, whom he succeeded in his school. He said that the air
was the cause of every created being, and a self-existent divinity,
and that the sun, the moon, and the stars, had been made from the
earth. He considered the earth as a plain, and the heavens as a
solid concave figure, on which the stars were fixed like nails,
an opinion prevalent at that time, and from which originated the
proverb, τι εἰ οὐρανος ἐμπεσοι, _if the heavens should fall?_ to
which Horace has alluded, bk. 3, _Odes_, poem 3, li. 7. He died
504 years B.C. _Cicero_, _Academicæ Quæstiones_, bk. 4, ch. 37; _de
Natura Deorum_, bk. 1, ch. 10.――_Plutarch_, _Quæstiones Convivales_.
――_Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 76.――――A native of Lampsacus, son of Aristocles.
He was pupil to Diogenes the cynic, and preceptor to Alexander the
Great, of whose life, and that of Philip, he wrote the history.
When Alexander, in a fit of anger, threatened to put to death all
the inhabitants of Lampsacus, because they had maintained a long
siege against him, Anaximenes was sent by his countrymen to appease
the king, who, as soon as he saw him, swore he would not grant the
favour he was going to ask. Upon this, Anaximenes begged the king
to destroy the city and enslave the inhabitants, and by this artful
request the city of Lampsacus was saved from destruction. Besides
the life of Philip and his son, he wrote a history of Greece, in
12 books, all now lost. His nephew bore the same name, and wrote an
account of ancient paintings. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 18.――_Valerius
Maximus_, bk. 7, ch. 3.――_Diogenes Laërtius_, _Lives of Eminent
Philosophers_.

=Anaxipŏlis=, a comic poet of Thasos. _Pliny_, bk. 14, ch. 14.――――A
writer on agriculture, likewise of Thasos.

=Anaxippus=, a comic writer in the age of Demetrius. He used to say,
that philosophers were wise only in their speeches, but fools in
their actions. _Athenæus._

=Anaxirrhoe=, a daughter of Coronus, who married Epeus. _Pausanias_,
bk. 5, ch. 1.

=Anaxis=, a Bœotian historian, who wrote a history down to the age of
Philip son of Amyntas. _Diodorus_, bk. 25.――――A son of Castor and
Hilaira.

=Anaxo=, a virgin of Trœzene carried away by Theseus. _Plutarch_,
_Theseus_.――――A daughter of Alceus, mother of Alcmene by Electryon.

=Ancæus=, the son of Lycurgus and Antinoe, was in the expedition of
the Argonauts. He was at the chase of the Calydonian boar, in which
he perished. _Hyginus_, fables 173 & 248.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_,
bk. 8.――――The son of Neptune and Astypalæa. He went with the
Argonauts, and succeeded Tiphis as pilot of the ship Argo. He
reigned in Ionia, where he married Samia daughter of the Mæander,
by whom he had four sons, Perilas, Enudus, Samus, Alithersus, and
one daughter called Parthenope. _Orpheus_, _Argonauts_. He was once
told by one of his servants, whom he pressed with hard labour in his
vineyard, that he never would taste of the produce of his vines. He
had already the cup in his hand, and called the prophet to convince
him of his falsehood; when the servant, yet firm in his prediction,
uttered this well-known proverb:

Πολλα μεταξυ πελει κυλικος και χειλεος ακρου.
_Multa cadunt inter calicem supremaque labra._

At that very moment Ancæus was told that a wild boar had entered his
vineyard; upon which he threw down the cup, and ran to drive away
the wild beast. He was killed in the attempt.

=Ancalītes=, a people of Britain near the Trinobantes. _Cæsar_,
_Gallic War_, bk. 5, ch. 21.

=Ancarius=, a god of the Jews. _See:_ Anchialus.

=Ancharia=, a family of Rome.――――The name of Octavia’s mother. _Plutarch_, _Antonius_.

=Ancharius=, a noble Roman killed by the partisans of Marius during
the civil wars with Sylla. _Plutarch_, _Marius_.

=Anchemŏlus=, son of Rhœtus king of the Marrubii in Italy, ravished
his mother-in-law Casperia, for which he was expelled by his father.
He fled to Turnus, and was killed by Pallas son of Evander, in the
wars of Æneas against the Latins. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 389.

=Anchesītes=, a wind which blows from Achisa, a harbour of Epirus.
_Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 7, ltr. 1.――_Dionysius of
Halicarnassus._

=Anchesmus=, a mountain of Attica, where Jupiter _Anchesmius_ had a
statue.

=Anchiăle= and =Anchiala=, a city on the sea coast of Cilicia.
Sardanapalus, the last king of Assyria, built it, with Tarsus in
its neighbourhood, in one day. _Strabo_, bk. 14.――_Pliny_, bk. 5,
ch. 27. The founder was buried there, and had a statue, under which
was a famous inscription in the Syrian language, denoting the great
intemperance and dissipation which distinguished all his life. There
was a city of the same name in Thrace, called by Ovid the city of
Apollo. There was another in Epirus. _Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 1, poem
10, li. 36.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.

=Anchiălus=, a famous astrologer.――――A great warrior, father of Mentes.
――――One of the Phæacians. _Homer_, _Odyssey_.――――A god of the Jews,
as some suppose, in _Martial’s_ epigrams, bk. 11, ltr. 95.

=Anchimolius=, a Spartan general sent against the Pisistratidæ, and
killed in the expedition. _Herodotus_, bk. 5, ch. 63.――――A son of
Rhœtus. _See:_ Anchemolus.

=Anchinoe=, a daughter of Nilus and wife of Belus. _Apollodorus_,
bk. 2, ch. 1.

=Anchion=. _See:_ Chion.

=Anchīse=, a city of Italy. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus._

=Anchīses=, a son of Capys by Themis daughter of Ilus. He was of
such a beautiful complexion, that Venus came down from heaven on
mount Ida, in the form of a nymph, to enjoy his company. The goddess
became pregnant, and forbade Anchises ever to mention the favours he
had received, on pain of being struck with thunder. The child which
Venus brought forth was called Æneas; he was educated as soon as
born by the nymphs of Ida, and, when of a proper age, was entrusted
to the care of Chiron the centaur. When Troy was taken, Anchises was
become so infirm that Æneas, to whom the Greeks permitted to take
away whatever he esteemed most, carried him through the flames
upon his shoulders, and thus saved his life. He accompanied his son
in his voyage towards Italy, and died in Sicily, in the 80th year
of his age. He was buried on mount Eryx by Æneas and Acestes king
of the country, and the anniversary of his death was afterwards
celebrated by his son and the Trojans on his tomb. Some authors
have maintained that Anchises had forgot the injunctions of Venus,
and boasted at a feast that he enjoyed her favours on mount Ida,
upon which he was killed with thunder. Others say that the wounds
he received from the thunder were not mortal, and that they only
weakened and disfigured his body. Virgil, in the sixth book of the
Æneid, introduces him in the Elysian fields, relating to his son the
fates that were to attend him, and the fortune of his descendants
the Romans. _See:_ Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bks. 1, 2, &c.――
_Hyginus_, fables 94, 254, 260, 270.――_Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 1010.
――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 34.――_Homer_,
_Iliad_, bk. 20, & _Hymn to Aphrodite_.――_Xenophon_, _On Hunting_,
ch. 1.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1, _Roman Antiquities_.
――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 12, says that Anchises was buried on a
mountain in Arcadia, which, from him, has been called Anchisia.
――――An Athenian archon. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 8.

=Anchīsia=, a mountain of Arcadia, at the bottom of which was a
monument of Anchises. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, chs. 12 & 13.

=Anchīsiădes=, a patronymic of Æneas, as being the son of Anchises.
_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 348, &c.

=Anchoe=, a place near the mouth of the Cephisus, where there is a
lake of the same name. _Strabo._

=Anchŏra=, a fortified place in Galatia.

=Anchūrus=, a son of Midas king of Phrygia, who sacrificed himself for
the good of his country when the earth had opened and swallowed up
many buildings. The oracle had been consulted, and gave for answer,
that the gulf would never close, if Midas did not throw into it
whatever he had most precious. Though the king had parted with many
things of immense value, yet the gulf continued open, till Anchurus,
thinking himself the most precious of his father’s possessions, took
a tender leave of his wife and family, and leaped into the earth,
which closed immediately over his head. Midas erected there an altar
of stones to Jupiter, and that altar was the first object which he
turned to gold, when he had received his fatal gift from the gods.
This unpolished lump of gold existed still in the age of Plutarch.
_Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.

=Ancīle= and =Ancy̆le=, a sacred shield, which, according to the Roman
authors, fell from heaven in the reign of Numa, when the Roman
people laboured under a pestilence. Upon the preservation of this
shield depended the fate of the Roman empire, and therefore Numa
ordered 11 of the same size and form to be made, that if ever any
attempt was made to carry them away, the plunderer might find it
difficult to distinguish the true one. They were made with such
exactness, that the king promised Veterius Mamurius, the artist,
whatever reward he desired. _See:_ Mamurius. They were kept in
the temple of Vesta, and an order of priests was chosen to watch
over their safety. These priests were called Salii, and were 12 in
number; they carried, every year on the 1st of March, the shields
in a solemn procession round the walls of Rome, dancing and singing
praises to the god Mars. This sacred festival continued three days,
during which every important business was stopped. It was deemed
unfortunate to be married on those days, or to undertake any
expedition; and _Tacitus_, bk. 1, _Histories_, has attributed the
unsuccessful campaign of the emperor Otho against Vitellius to his
leaving Rome during the celebration of the Ancyliorum festum. These
two verses of Ovid explain the origin of the word Ancyle, which is
applied to these shields:

_Idque ancyle vocat, quod ab omni parte recisum est,
Quemque notes oculis, angulus omnis abest._

_Fasti_, bk. 3, li. 377, &c.

_Varro_, _de Lingua Latina_, bk. 5, ch. 6.――_Valerius Maximus_,
bk. 1, ch. 1.――_Juvenal_, satire 2, li. 124.――_Plutarch_, _Numa_.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 664.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_,
bk. 2.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 20.

=Ancon= and =Ancōna=, a town of Picenum, built by the Sicilians, with
a harbour in the form of a crescent or elbow (ἀγχων), on the shores
of the Adriatic. Near this place is the famous chapel of Loretto,
supposed by monkish historians to have been brought through the air
by angels, August 10, A. D. 1291, from Judæa, where it was a cottage,
inhabited by the virgin Mary. The reputed sanctity of the place has
often brought 100,000 pilgrims in one day to Loretto. _Pliny_, bk. 3,
ch. 13.――_Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 402.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 437.

=Ancus Martius=, the fourth king of Rome, was grandson to Numa by his
daughter. He waged a successful war against the Latins, Veientes,
Fidenates, Volsci, and Sabines, and joined mount Janiculum to
the city by a bridge, and inclosed mount Martius and the Aventine
within the walls of the city. He extended the confines of the Roman
territories to the sea, where he built the town of Ostia, at the
mouth of the Tiber. He inherited the valour of Romulus with the
moderation of Numa. He died B.C. 616, after a reign of 24 years, and
was succeeded by Tarquin the elder. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_,
bk. 3, ch. 9.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 32, &c.――_Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 4.
――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 815.

=Ancȳræ=, a town of Sicily.――――A town of Phrygia. _Pausanias_, bk. 1.

=Anda=, a city of Africa. _Polybius._

=Andabătæ=, certain gladiators who fought blindfolded, whence the
proverb, _Andabatarum more_, to denote rash and inconsiderate
measures. _Cicero_, bk. 6, _Letters to his Friends_, ltr. 10.

=Andania=, a city of Arcadia, where Aristomenes was educated.
_Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 1, &c. It received its name from a gulf of
the same name. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 33.

=Andegavia=, a country of Gaul, near the Turones and the ocean.
_Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 3, ch. 41.

=Andēra=, a town of Phrygia.

=Andes=, a nation among the Celtæ, whose chief town is now _Anjou_.
_Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 2, ch. 35.――――A village of Italy, near
Mantua, where Virgil was born, hence _Andinus_. _Silius Italicus_,
bk. 8, li. 595.

=Andocĭdes=, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras. He lived in the
age of Socrates the philosopher, and was intimate with the most
illustrious men of his age. He was often banished, but his dexterity
always restored him to favour. _Plutarch_ has written his life in
_Lives of the Ten Orators_. Four of his orations are extant.

=Andomătis=, a river in India, falling into the Ganges. _Arrian._

=Andræmon=, the father of Thoas. _Hyginus_, fable 97.――――The son-in-law
and successor of Œneus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1.

=Andragrathius=, a tyrant defeated by Gratian, A.D. 383, &c.

=Andragrăthus=, a man bribed by Lysimachus to betray his country, &c.
_Polyænus_, bk. 4, ch. 12.

=Andragŏras=, a man who died a sudden death. _Martial_, bk. 6, ltr. 53.

=Andramy̆les=, a king of Lydia, who castrated women, and made use of
them as eunuchs. _Athenæus._

=Andrēas=, a statuary of Argos. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 16.――――A man
of Panormum, who wrote an account of all the remarkable events that
had happened in Sicily. _Athenæus._――――A son of the Peneus. Part of
Bœotia, especially where Orchomenos was built, was called _Andreis_
after him. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 34, &c.

=Andriclus=, a mountain of Cilicia. _Strabo_, bk. 14.――――A river of
Troas, falling into the Scamander. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 27.

=Andriscus=, a man who wrote a history of Naxos. _Athenæus_, bk. 1.
――――A worthless person called _Pseudophilippus_, on account of the
likeness of his features to king Philip. He incited the Macedonians
to revolt against Rome, and was conquered and led in triumph by
Metellus, 152 B.C. _Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 14.

=Androbius=, a famous painter. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.