Chapter IV: Of Provincial and Communal Institutions (16)

Bishop Thirlwall's History covers the whole national life
of the Greeks, down to the Roman conquest. “The strength of
Thirlwall as clearly lies in the history of Alexander and
his successors as the strength of Grote lies in the
political history of Athenian and Syracusan democracy, as
the strength of Curtius lies in the geography, in the
artistic side of things, in the general picture of that age
which was the glory of Athens, but which, as the disciples
of Finlay know, was an age of decline for Hellas in the
wider sense."
_E. A. Freeman,
The Methods of Historical Study,
page 287._

"The student of to-day who is really intimate with
Thirlwall's history may boast that he has a sound and
accurate view of all the main questions in the political
and social development of the Hellenic nation. But he will
never have been carried away with enthusiasm."
_J. P. Mahaffy,
Problems in Greek History,
chapter 1._

THUCYDIDES.
History;
translated into English, with introduction and notes,
by B. Jowett.
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1881. 2 volumes.

"Thucydides is much more than a great historian; or,
rather, he was what every great historian ought to be—he
was a profound philosopher. His history of the
Peloponnesian War is like a portrait by Titian; the whole
mind and character, the inner spirit and ideals, the very
tricks and foibles, of the man or the age come before us in
living reality. No more memorable, truthful and profound
portrait exists than that wherein Thucydides has painted
the Athens of the age of Pericles."
_Frederic Harrison,
The Meaning of History,
page 92._

TORR, CECIL.
Rhodes in ancient times.
Cambridge: University Press. 1885.

TROLLOPE, ANTHONY.
Life of Cicero.
London: Chapman & Hall. 1880. 2 volumes.

Written in vindication of Cicero against the injustice done
to the great patriotic orator in Froude's Cæsar. Both books
are writings of advocacy rather than history.

WHIBLEY, L.
Political parties in Athens during the Peloponnesian War.
Cambridge, Warehouse. 1889.

XENOPHON.
Works;
translated by H. G. Dakyns.
London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1890. volumes 1-2.

Volume I. contains books 1 and 2 of the Hellenica, and the
Anabasis; volume 2 contains books 3 to 7, with Agesilaus,
The Politics, and Revenues. Two more volumes are yet to be
published.

MEDIÆVAL AND MODERN EUROPE.

ADAMS, CHARLES.
Great campaigns: a succinct account of the principal
military operations which have taken place in Europe
from 1796 to 1870.
Edinburg: W. Blackwood & Sons. 1877.

Edited from lectures delivered by Major C. Adams at
the Royal Military and Staff Colleges, England.

ADAMS, GEORGE BURTON.
Civilization during the Middle Ages,
especially in relation to modern civilization.
New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1894.

ADDISON, C. G.
The Knights Templars. 3d edition.
London: Longman. 1854.

ALISON, Sir ARCHIBALD.
History of Europe, 1789 to 1815, and 1815 to 1852.
Edinburg: W. Blackwood & Sons. 1853. 28 volumes.

"We are not unaware … of the surpassing greatness of the
external events of which his history is composed, nor do we
complain of the minute and laborious zeal with which he has
gathered every particular concerning them, ransacking
archives and measuring fields of slaughter; but we do
complain that he has allowed the tumult and dust of these
vast contests to stop his ears and blind his eyes to every
object but themselves."
_Parke Godwin,
Out of the Past;
page 207._

BALZANI, UGO.
The Popes and the Hohenstaufen.
London: Longmans.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Church History."

BEARD, CHARLES.
The Reformation of the 16th Century
in its relation to modern thought.
London: Williams and Norgate. 1883.

Hibbert Lectures for 1883.

BRADLEY, HENRY.
The story of the Goths, to the end of the
Gothic dominion in Spain.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
London: T. F. Unwin. 1888.

One of the better books in the series of
"The Story of the Nations."

BRYCE, JAMES.
The Holy Roman Empire.
London: Macmillan & Co.

CAYLEY, EDWARD S.
The European revolutions of 1848.
London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1856. 2 volumes.

CHEETHAM, S.
History of the Christian Church
during the first six centuries.
London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1894.

CHURCH, R. W.
The beginning of the Middle Ages.
London: Longmans.
New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1877.

An admirable brief survey of early mediæval history, in
the series entitled "Epochs of Modern History."

COMYN, Sir ROBERT.
History of the western empire,
from Charlemagne to Charles V. [800-1520].
London: W. H. Allen & Co. 1841. 2 volumes.

COX, GEORGE W.
The Crusades.
London: Longmans.
New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1874.

In the series entitled "Epochs of History."

CREIGHTON, MANDELL.
History of the Papacy during the period of the Reformation.
London and New York: Longmans. 1882-94. volumes 1-5.

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CUTTS, EDWARD L.
Scenes and characters of the Middle Ages.
London: Virtue & Co. 1872.

DEMOMBYNES, G.
Constitutions Européennes.
Paris: L. Larose et Forcel. 1881. 2 volumes.

DILKE, Sir CHARLES W.
Position of European politics, 1887.
London: Chapman & Hall. 1887.

DÖLLINGER, JOHN IGNATIUS VON.
Addresses on historical and literary subjects;
translated by Margaret Warre.
London: J. Murray. 1894.

Containing as follows:
Universities past and present;
Founders of Religions;
the Empire of Charles the Great and his Successors;
Anagni;
the Suppression of the Knights Templars;
the History of Religious Freedom;
various estimates of the French Revolution;
the part taken by North America in Literature.

Studies in European history;
translated by Margaret Warre.
London: John Murray. 1890.

Academical addresses on the following subjects:
The significance of Dynasties in the history of the world;
the House of Wittelsbach and its place in German history;
the relation of the City of Rome to Germany in
the Middle Ages;
Dante as a Prophet;
the struggle of Germany with the Papacy under the
Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria;
Aventin an his Times;
on the Influence of Greek Literature and Culture upon
the Western World in the Middle Ages;
the origin of the Eastern Question;
the Jews in Europe;
upon the Political and Intellectual development of Spain;
the Policy of Louis XIV.;
the most influential Woman of French history
(Madame de Maintenon).

DUFF, MOUNTSTUART E. GRANT.
Studies in European politics.
Edinburg: Edmonston & Douglas. 1866.

These well-named "Studies" in the political history of the
Continent, by an English statesman, are mostly devoted to
the important but little understood period between 1815 and
1848, in Spain, Russia Austria, Prussia, Holland, and
Belgium. They are deficient in attention to the social
conditions of the time.

DURUY, VICTOR.
History of modern times, from the
fall of Constantinople to the French Revolution;
translated and revised, with notes, by E. A. Grosvenor.
New York: H. Holt & Co. 1894.

History of the middle ages;
translated by E. H. and M. D. Whitney,
with notes and revisions by G. B. Adams.
New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1891.

DYER, THOMAS HENRY.
History of modern Europe, 1453-1857.
London: John Murray. 4 volumes.
Geo. Bell & Sons. 4 volumes.

Dyer's History of Modern Europe "represented the labour of
years, and chronicled the period from the fall of
Constantinople to the end of the Crimean "War. It was a
clear and painstaking compilation, whose main object was to
expound the origin and nature of the European concert."
_G. Barnett Smith.
Biographical Sketch
(in the Dictionary of National-Biography)._

EGINHARD.
Life of Charlemagne;
translated by S. E. Turner.
New York: Harper & Bros.

EMERTON, EPHRAIM.
Introduction to the study of the Middle Ages (A. D. 375-814).
Boston: Ginn & Co. 1888.

Mediæval Europe, 814-1300.
Boston: Ginn & Co. 1894.

FISHER, GEORGE PARK.
History of the Christian Church.
New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1887.

The Reformation.
New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1883.

FLINT, ROBERT.
Philosophy of history in Europe.
volume 1, France and Germany.
Edinburg: Blackwood & Sons. 1874.

FREEMAN, EDWARD A.
The Chief Periods of European History;
six lectures, Oxford, 1885.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1886.

The "chief periods" treated of are "those which concern the
growth and the dying out" of the Roman power: "Europe
before the growth of Rome—Europe with Rome, in one shape or
another, as her centre—Europe since Rome has practically
ceased to be."
_Author's Preface._

Fifty years of European history: four Oxford lectures.
[Also] The Teutonic conquest of Gaul and Britain.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1888.

The fifty years of European history reviewed in the first
four of these lectures are those that had been spanned by
the reign of Queen Victoria when its jubilee was
celebrated, in 1887.

General sketch of European history.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1872.

Historical Essays.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1871-92. 4 volumes.

Volume 1.
The Mythical and Romantic Elements in early English History;
the continuity of English History;
Relations between the Crowns of England and Scotland;
Saint Thomas of Canterbury and his Biographers;
the Reign of Edward III.;
the Holy Roman Empire;
the Franks and the Gauls;
the early Sieges of Paris;
Frederick I., King of Italy;
the Emperor Frederick II.;
Charles the Bold;
Presidential Government.

Volume 2.
Ancient Greece and Mediæval Italy;
Mr. Gladstone's "Homer and the Homeric Age";
the Historians of Athens;
the Athenian Democracy;
Alexander the Great;
Greece during the Macedonian Period;
Mommsen's History of Rome;
Sulla;
the Flavian Cæsars.

Volume 3.
First Impressions of Rome;
the Illyrian Emperors and their Land;
Augusta Treverorum;
the Goths at Ravenna;
Race and Language;
the Byzantine Empire;
First impressions or Athens;
Mediæval and Modern Greece;
the Southern Slaves;
Sicilian Cycles;
the Normans at Palermo.

Volume 4.
Carthage;
French and English Towns;
Aquæ Sextiæ;
Orange;
Augustodunum;
Perigueux and Cahors;
the Lords of Ardres;
Points in the History of Portugal and Brazil:
Alter Orbis;
Historical Cycles;
Augustan Ages;
English Civil Wars.

The historical geography of Europe.
London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1881.
1 volume text; 1 volume maps.

The object of this remarkably valuable work is to "trace
out the extent of territory which the different states and
nations of Europe and the neighbouring lands have held at
different times in the world's history, to mark the
different boundaries which the same country has had, and
the different meanings in which the same name has been
used.
_Author's Introduction._

FROISSART, SIR JOHN.
Chronicles [1326-1400];
translated by T. Johnes.
London: Wm. Smith. 2 volumes.

Same;
edited for boys, with an introduction, by Sidney Lanier.
New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1879.

FYFFE, C. A.
History of modern Europe.
London: Cassell. 1880-1889.
New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1881-90. 3 volumes.

Covers the period from the beginning of the war with
revolutionary France, in 1792, to the Berlin Congress and
Treaty, 1878; a well-constructed and well-written piece of
history.

GERARD, JAMES W.
The peace of Utrecht, 1713-14.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1885.

GRUBE, A. W.
Heroes of history and legend.
London: Griffith & Farran. 1880.

A translation of the second part of Grube's
"Charakterbilder aus der Geschichte und Sage."

GUIZOT, F. P.
History of civilization, to the French revolution;
translated from the French.
London: Geo. Bell & Sons. 3 volumes.
New York: D. Appleton & Co. 2 volumes.

"The originality of M. Guizot's work consists in the truly
scientific spirit and character of his method. He was the
first to dissect a society, in the same comprehensive,
impartial, and thorough way in which an anatomist dissects
the body of an animal, and the first to study the functions
of the social organism in the same systematic and careful
manner in which the physiologist studies the functions of
the animal organism."
_R. Flint,
The Philosophy of History in France and Germany,
Page 240._

HALLAM, HENRY.
View of the state of Europe during the Middle Ages.
London: J. Murray. 3 volumes.
New York: W. J, Widdleton. 3 volumes.

"He [Hallam] never thoroughly took in either the Imperial
or the ecclesiastical element in history; if I say that he
did not thoroughly take in the Teutonic element either, it
might seem that I leave him no standing-ground at all. And
whither shall he seem to vanish, if I add that he never
shows that same kind of thorough knowledge of original
authorities, that mastery of them that delight in them,
which stands out in every line of Kemble and Palgrave?
Hallam had nothing of the spirit of the antiquary; he had
not, I should say very much of the spirit of the historian
proper. Yet Hallam was a memorable writer, whose name ought
to be deeply honoured, and a large part of whose writings
are as valuable now as when they were first written."
_E. A. Freeman.
Methods of Historical Study,
page 282_.

HÄUSSER, LUDWIG.
The period of the Reformation, 1517-1648,
edited by W. Oncken;
translated by Mrs. Sturge.
London: Strahan. 1873.
New York: Robert Carter & Bros.

Unquestionably the best comprehensive survey of the
Reformation and the Reformation period that has yet
been placed before English readers.

HEEREN. A. H. L.
A manual of the history of the political system of Europe
and its colonies; from the close of the 15th century to
the fall of Napoleon;
translated from the German.
London: H. G. Bohn. 1846.

HENDERSON, ERNEST F.,
Select historical documents of the middle ages;
translated and edited.
London: Geo. Bell & Sons. 1892.
New York: Macmillan & Co.

HODGKIN, THOMAS.
Italy and her Invaders.
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1880-85. 4 volumes.

A very satisfactory work, narrating that part of the
barbaric avalanche of the fifth and sixth centuries which
crushed the Empire in its western seat. The first volume
deals with the Visigothic invasion, the second with the
Hunnish, Vandal and Herulian, the third with the
Ostrogothic, the fourth with Justinian's recovery of Italy.

Theodoric the Goth; the barbarian champion of civilization.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1891.

In the series entitled "Heroes of the Nations."

JOHNSON, A. H.
The Normans in Europe.
London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1877.
New York: Chas. Scribner's Sons.

JOHNSTONE, C. F.
Historical abstracts.
London: C. Kegan Paul & Co. 1880.

Excellent outline sketches of the history of Denmark,
Norway, Sweden, the kingdom of the Netherlands, Belgium,
the Ottoman Empire, Greece, Portugal, Prussia, Russia, and
the Swiss Confederation.

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KEARY, C. F.
The Vikings in western Christendom, 789-888.
London: T. F. Unwin. 1891.

KINGTON, T. L.
History of Frederick II., Emperor of the Romans.
London: Macmillan & Co; 1862. 2 volumes.

LACROIX, PAUL.
The eighteenth century [1700-1789]: its institutions, &c.
London: Chapman & Hall. 1876.

LATHAM, ROBERT. G.
Ethnology of Europe.
London: J. Van Voorst. 1852.

The nationalities of Europe. volume 2.
London: W. H. Allen & Co. 1863. 2 volumes.

LAVISSE, ERNEST.
General view of the political history of Europe;
translated by Charles Gross.
London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1891.

"While giving the essential facts of universal history, he
[Lavisse] aims above all, to describe the formation and
political development of the states of Europe, and to
indicate the historical causes of their present condition
and mutual relations. In other words, he shows how the
existing political divisions of Europe, with their peculiar
tendencies, were created. … The ability of Professor
Lavisse to compress the essence of a great event or
sequence of events into a few comprehensive and expressive
sentences, has enabled him to accomplish his difficult task
with signal success."
_Translator's Preface._

LEA, HENRY CHARLES.
History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages.
New York: Harper & Bros. 1888. 3 volumes.

LODGE, RICHARD.
History of Modern Europe, 1453-1878.
London: J. Murray. 1885.
New York:, Harper Bros.

MACKENZIE, ROBERT.
The Nineteenth Century; a history.
London: Nelson & Sons. 1880.

McLAUGLIN, EDWARD TOMPKINS.
Studies in mediæval life and literature.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1894.

MACLEAR, G. F.
The conversion of the West.
London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.

MAXWELL, Sir WILLIAM STIRLING.
Don John of Austria;
or, passages from the history of the 16th Century, 1547-1578.
London: Longmans. 1883. 2 volumes.

MAY, Sir THOMAS E.
Democracy in Europe.
London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1877. 2 volumes.
New York: A. C. Armstrong & Son. 2 volumes.

MERIVALE, CHARLES.
The conversion of the northern nations:
Boyle lectures. 1865.
London: Longmans.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.

MERLE D'AUBIGNE, J. H.
History of the great Reformation of the 16th century.
New York: Carter & Bros. 1863-77. 8 volumes.

MICHAUD, J. F.
History of the Crusades;
translated from the French.
London: G. Routledge & Co. 1852. 2 volumes.

MICHELET, JULES.
Summary of Modern History;
translated from the French and continued by M. C. M. Simpson.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1875.

MILMAN, HENRY HART.
History of Latin Christianity,
including that of the Popes to Nicholas V.
London: J. Murray. 1854. 6 volumes.

"I know few books more delightful and more instructive to
read than Milman's 'History of Latin Christianity.' And
none better discharges the work of a guide, both to the
original authorities, and what we cannot neglect, to modern
German writers."
_E. A. Freeman,
Methods was of historical study,
page 283._

MOELLER, WILHELM.
History of the Christian Church, A.D. 1-600;
translated from the German.
London: S. Sonnenschein. 1892.

History of the Christian Church, in the Middle Ages.
London: S. Sonnenschein. 1893.

MONSTRELET, ENGUERRAND DE.
Chronicles;
translated by T. Johnes.
London: Geo. Routledge & Sons. 1867. 2 volumes.

A chronicle which continues that of Froissart, from
1400 to 1467, and is continued by others to 1516,
especially narrating events in the Hundred Years War.

MONTALEMBERT, CHARLES F., Count de.
The Monks of the West, from St. Benedict to St. Bernard;
authorized translation.
London: W. Blackwood & Sons. 1861-79. 7 volumes.

"His pages bring before us tales handed down by oral
tradition alone for perhaps two or three generations,
together with documents and letters as genuine as the
despatches of the Duke of Wellington. But there is little
or no effort to show that one is more valuable than the
other, or to determine where the poetry which is lavish of
marvellous incidents ends, and where the region of fact
begins."
_Edinburgh Review, v. 127, page. 404._

MÜLLER, W.
Political history of recent times. 1816-1875;
translated [and continued to 1881] by J.,P. Peters.
New York: Harper & Bros. 1882.

"For many years—as Professor of Modern History, first at
the State University of Michigan, afterward at Cornell
University—I had been seeking a work which should give to
thoughtful students a view, large but concise, of the
political history of Continental Europe in the nineteenth
century. … At last I came upon the 'Politische Geschichte
der Neuesten Zeit,' by Professor Wilhelm Miller, of
Tübingen. … Three readings of it satisfied me that it is
what is needed in America. … It is not an abridgment; it is
a living history."
_Andrew D. White,
Prefatory Note._

MURDOCK, HAROLD.
The reconstruction of Europe [1852-1870].
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1889.

NATIONAL LIFE AND THOUGHT.
London: T. F. Unwin. 1891.

A volume of lectures delivered at South Place Institute,
London, in 1889-90, designed "to give information, in a
popular form, with regard to the national development and
modes of political action among the different nations
throughout the world." The lecturers were generally men
specially well informed on their several subjects, such as
Professor J. E. Therold Rogers, Professor Pulszky. J. T.
Bent, J. C. Cotton Minchin, Eirikr Magnusson, and others.

NEANDER, AUGUSTUS.
General history of the Christian religion and Church;
translated from the German by Joseph Torrey.

"He … made church history a book of instruction,
edification and comfort, on the firm foundation of profound
and accurate learning, critical mastery of the sources,
spiritual discernment, psychological insight, and sound,
sober judgment."
_P. Schaff,
Saint Augustin Melanchthon,
Neander, page 136._

PALGRAVE, Sir FRANCIS.
History of Normandy and England.
London: Macmillan & Co. 4 volumes.

PASTOR, LUDWIG.
History of the Popes from, the close of the Middle Ages;
translated from the German.
London: J. Hodges.

A history written from the Roman Catholic standpoint.

PERIODS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY;
edited by Arthur Hassal.
London and New York: Macmillan & Co.

Period 1, A. D. 476-918; by Charles W. C. Oman.
Period 5, A. D. 1598-1715; by Henry O. Wakeman.
Period 7, A.D. 1789-1815; by H. Morse Stephens.
Other periods not yet published.

RANKE, LEOPOLD VON.
History of the Latin and Teutonic nations from 1494 to 1514;
translated from the German.
London: G. Bell & Sons. 1887.

History of the Popes in the 16th and 17th centuries;
translated from the German by Mrs. Austin.
London: J. Murray. 2 volumes.

ROBERTSON, JAMES C.
History of the Christian Church;
from the Apostolic Age to the Reformation.
London: J. Murray. 1875. 8 volumes.

ROBERTSON, WM.
History of the reign of the emperor Charles V.;
with life of the emperor after his abdication,
by W. H. Prescott.
London: George Routledge & Sons. 2 volumes.
Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. 3 volumes.

ROBINSON, A. MARY F. (Madame Darmesteter).
The end of the middle ages.
London: T. F. Unwin. 1889.

"Essays and questions in History," as follows:
the Beguines and the Weaving Brothers;
the Convent of Helfta;
the attraction of the Abyss (Mysticism);
the Schism;
Valentine Visconti;
the French claim to Milan;
the Malatestas of Rimini;
the Ladies of Milan;
the Flight of Piero de' Medici;
the French at Pisa.

ROSE, J. H.
A century of continental history, 1780-1880.
London: Edward Stanford. 1889.

Aims only at "giving an outline of the main events
which have brought the Continent of Europe to its
present political condition," and does so acceptably.

SCHLOSSER, F. C.
History of the eighteenth century, etc.;
translated by D. Davison.
London: Chapman & Hall. 1843-52; 8 volumes.

SHEPPARD, JOHN G.
The fall of Rome and the rise of the new nationalities.
London and New York: Routledge. 1861.

"One of the best manuals for the use of a student or the
Middle Ages. Perhaps its most striking characteristic is in
its large dependence on original authorities, and in the
stress winch it lays on the use of such authorities in the
study of the period under examination."
_C. K. Adams,
Manual of Historical Literature.
3d edition, page 168._

SMITH, I. GREGORY:
Christian Monasticism, from the 4th to the 9th centuries.
London: A. D. Innes & Co. 1892.

SMYTH, WM.
Lectures on modern history.
London: H. G. Bohn. 2 volumes.

SOREL, ALBERT.
L'Europe et la Revolution française.
Paris: Plon. 1885.

STEPHENS, W. R. W.
Hildebrand and his Times.
London: Longmans. 1888.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Church History."

STILLÉ, CHARLES J.
Studies in mediæval history.
Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. 1882.

On the following topics:
General characteristics of the mediæval era;
the Barbarians and their invasions;
the Frankish conquests and Charlemagne;
Mohammed and his System;
mediæval France;
Germany, feudal and imperial;
Saxon and Danish England;
England after the Norman conquest;
the Papacy to the reign of Charlemagne;
the Papacy and the Empire;
the struggle for Italian nationality;
Monasticism, Chivalry and the Crusades:
Scholastic philosophy—the Schoolmen—Universities;
the laboring classes in the Middle Ages;
mediæval Commerce;
the era of Secularization.

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STUBBS, WILLIAM.
Seventeen lectures on the study of mediæval and
modern history and kindred subjects.
Oxford: Clarendon Press: 1886.
New York: Macmillan & Co. 1887.

Inaugural Lecture;
on the Present State and Prospects of Historical Study;
the Purposes and Methods of Historical Study;
Learning and Literature at the court of Henry II.;
the Mediæval Kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia;
on the Characteristic Differences between Mediæval
and Modern History;
the Reign of Henry VIII.;
Parliament under Henry VIII.;
history of the Canon Law in England;
the Reign of Henry VII.;
last statutory public lecture.

SYBEL, HEINRICH VON.
History and literature of the Crusades;
translated from the German.
London: Chapman & Hall. 1861.

SYMONDS, JOHN ADDINGTON.
The Catholic reaction.
London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1886. 2 volumes.

These are the concluding volumes of Symonds'
"Renaissance in Italy."

TRENCH, RICHARD C.
Lectures on mediæval Church history.
New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1878.

VAN PRAET, JULES.
Essays on the political history of the 15th, 16th,
and 17th centuries
[translated from the French].
London: Richard Bentley. 1868.

VILLEMAIN, A. F.
Life of Gregory VII. [Hildebrand];
preceded by a sketch of the Papacy to the 11th century;
translated from the French.
London: R. Bentley & Son. 1874. 2 volumes.

VOLTAIRE, F. M. AROUET DE.
Annals of the empire, from the time of Charlemagne.
(Works, translated by Smollett and others,
1761, volumes 20-22).

WARD, A., W.
The Counter-Reformation.
London: Longmans. 1889.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Church History."

WOODHOUSE, F. C.
The military religious orders of the Middle Ages.
London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1879.

GREAT BRITAIN: GENERAL.

BRIGHT, J. F.
History of England.
London: Rivingtons. 1880-1888. 4 volumes.

A very carefully written history, brought down to 1880;
quite full in detail, and necessarily, therefore,
condensed in the narrative.

BUCKLE, HENRY THOMAS.
History of civilization in England.
London: Longmans.
New York: D. Appleton & Co. 2 volumes.

A work which has lost the great influence that it exerted
when it first appeared, but which is full of suggestion,
nevertheless, to one who reads it thoughtfully.

BUCKLEY, ARABELLA B.
History of England for beginners.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1887.

BURROWS, MONTAGU.
Commentaries on the history of England
from the earliest times to 1865.
Edinburg: W. Blackwood & Sons. 1893.

A successful "attempt to interpret the History of England
in accordance wit the latest researches"; "a digest and a
commentary rather than an abstract or an epitome.

BURTON, JOHN HILL.
History of Scotland from Agricola's invasion to the
last Jacobite insurrection;
new and enlarged edition.
Edinburg: W. Blackwood & Sons. 8 volumes.

CALLCOTT, Lady M.
Little Arthur's history of England.
London: J. Murray.

Very high in the esteem of those who judge books for
children most carefully.

DICEY, ALBERT V.
The Privy Council: the Arnold prize essay.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1887.

DUFFY, Sir CHARLES GAVAN.
Bird's-eye view of Irish history.
Dublin: J. Duffy & Son. 1882.

ENGLISH WORTHIES;
edited by Andrew Lang.
London: Longmans. 1885.

Raleigh; by Edmund Gosse.
Blake; by David Hannay.
Claverhouse; by Mowbray Morris
Marlborough; by George Saintsbury.
Shaftesbury; by H. D. Traill.
Canning; by F. H. Hill.
Darwin; by Grant Allen.

FORSYTH, WILLIAM;
History of Trial by Jury.
London: J. W. Parker. 1852.

FREEMAN, EDWARD A.
The growth of the English constitution.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1872.

GAIRDNER, JAMES, and JAMES SPEDDING.
Studies in English history.
Edinburgh. 1881.

A volume of collected essays, on the Lollards, the
Historical element in Shakespeare's Falstaff, Katharine of
Aragon's first and second marriages, history of the
doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings, Sundays, ancient and
modern, and other topics.

GARDINER, SAMUEL RAWSON.
Historical biographies.
London: Longmans. 1884.

Contains brief but excellent biographies of Simon de
Montfort, Edward the Black Prince, Sir Thomas More, Sir
Francis Drake, Cromwell, and William III.

A student's history of England, from the earliest
times to 1885.
London: Longmans. 1890—1. 3 volumes.

Professor Gardiner, being a specialist distinctly, in the
one period of English history to which he has devoted
himself—the period of the Stuarts—would not claim
authority, of course, as an original investigator of other
times; and some parts of this general text-book have been
found open to criticism. But, on the whole, it can claim
the first rank among text-books of its class.

GNEIST, RUDOLPH.
History of the English Constitution;
translated from the German.
London: W. Clowes & Son. 1886. 2 volumes.

The English Parliament in its transformations through
a thousand years.
London: Grevel & Co. 1886.

"The work of Gneist on the English Constitution is scarcely
less indispensable to the English student than the works of
Stubbs and Hallam, while, as a distinguished jurist and
politician in Germany, he surveys his subject from a
different standpoint."
_S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger,
Introduction to the study of English' History,
page 410._

GREEN, JOHN RICHARD.
Short history of the English people.
Illustrated edition, edited by Mrs. J. R. Green and
Miss Kate Norgate.
London: Macmillan & Co.
New York: Harper & Bros. 4 volumes.

"The success of the 'Short History' was rapid and
overwhelming. Everybody read it. It was philosophical
enough for scholars, and popular enough for school boys. No
historical book since Macaulay's has made its way so fast.
… The characteristic note of his [Green's] genius was also
that of Gibbon's, the combination of a perfect mastery of
multitudinous details with a large and luminous view of
those far-reaching forces and relations which govern the
fortunes of peoples and guide the course of empire."
_J. Bryce,
John Richard Green
(Macmillan's Magazine, May, 1883)._

History of the English people.
London: Macmillan & Co.
New York: Harper & Bros. 1878. 4 volumes.

An enlargement of the "Short History."

JOYCE, P. W.
Short history of Ireland, from the earliest times to 1608.
London: Longmans. 1893.

KNIGHT, CHARLES.
Popular history of England;
London: Bradbury & Evans. 8 volumes.

A work of great merit as a popular history, making no
pretensions to original research; liberal in spirit and
admirable in tone. It was one of the first works of the
kind to be pictorially illustrated in a really historical
way.

LANGMEAD, THOMAS P. TASWELL.
English constitutional history, from the Teutonic conquest to
the present time. 2d edition revised, with additions.
London: Stevens & H. 1880.

LINGARD, JOHN.
History of England from the first invasion by the Romans.
London: Burns & Oates; 10 volumes.

English history written with general fairness from the
Roman Catholic standpoint.

LOFTIE, W. J.
History of London.
London: E. Stanford. 1883-1884.
2 volumes with supplement.

MACAULAY, THOMAS BABINGTON, Baron.
History of England from the accession of James II.
London: Longmans.

A brief survey of previous events introduces the history
proper which begins with the accession of James II., in
1685. As the death of the author brought his work to an
abrupt end before he had finished his account of the reign
of William III. (1689-1702), the history covers a period of
less than eighteen years. Its extraordinary brilliancy, on
the one and, and its defects of partisan prejudice and
misjudgment on the other, are well known. "I can see
Macaulay's great and obvious faults as well as any man; I
know as well as any man the cautions with which his
brilliant pictures must be studied; but I cannot feel that
I have any right to speak lightly of one to whom I owe so
much in the matter of actual knowledge, and to whom I owe
more than to any man as the master of historical
narrative."
_E. A. Freeman,
Methods of Historical Study,
page 105._

POWELL, F. YORK.
History of England, to the death of Henry VII.
London: F. Rivingtons.

An excellent school text-book of the early centuries of
English history, presenting really one of the best succinct
studies that can be found of the four centuries from the
first Norman to the first Tudor. It belongs to a series of
three volumes, only one other of which (the third, by
Professor Tout) has appeared.

RANNIE, DAVID W.
Historical outline of the English Constitution, for beginners.
London: Longmans. 1882.

SKOTTOWE, B. C.
A short history of Parliament.
London: Sonnenschein & Co. 1892.

SMITH, G. BARNETT.
History of the English Parliament;
with an account of the Parliaments of Scotland and Ireland.
London: Ward, Lock, B., & Co. 1892. 2 volumes.

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SOUTHEY, ROBERT.
Lives of the British admirals;
completed by Robert Bell:
London: Longmans. 1833. 5 volumes.

TRAILL, HENRY D., editor
Social England; a record of the progress of the people in
religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science,
literature, and manners, from the earliest times to the
present day, by, various writers.,
London: Cassell & Co.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1894-5.

A work somewhat unequally executed by the different writers
engaged; but generally admirable, and exceedingly
interesting. Three volumes have thus far been issued.

TWELVE ENGLISH STATESMEN.
London: Macmillan & Co; 1888-.

William the Conqueror; by Edward, A. Freeman.
Henry the Second; by Mrs. J. R. Green.
Edward the First; by Prof. T. F. Tout.
Henry the Seventh; by James Gairdner.
Cardinal Wolsey; by Bishop Creighton.
Elizabeth; by E. S. Beesly.
Oliver Cromwell; by Frederic Harrison.
William the Third; by H. D. Traill.
Walpole; by John Morley.
Chatham [in preparation]; by John Morley.
Pitt; by Lord Rosebery.
Peel; by J. R. Thursfield.

YONGE, CHARLOTTE M.
Cameos from English history.
London: Macmillan. 1871-1890.
Philadelphia.: Lippincott & Co.

Seven series of clear-cut historical narratives, each quite
distinct in subject, but following one another in close
relations of time. Many of the subjects are from
Continental events which have some close connection with
English history. The periods covered by the several series
are defined and entitled as follows:
1. Rollo to Edward II.
2. The wars in France.
3. The wars of the Roses.
4. Reformation times.
5. England and Spain.
6. Forty years of Stewart rule.
7. Rebellion and Restoration.

GREAT BRITAIN: EARLY AND MEDIÆVAL.

BROWNE: MATTHEW.
Chaucer's England.
London: Hurst & Blackett. 1869. 2 volumes.

CHURCH, R. W. Saint Anselm.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1870.

CREIGHTON, MANDELL.
Life of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester.
London: Rivingtons. 1876.

ELTON, CHARLES.
Origins of English history.
London: B. Quaritch. 1882.

"An attempt to rearrange in a convenient form what is known
of the history of this country from those obscure ages
which preceded the Roman invasions to the time when the
English accepted the Christian religion."—
_Author's opening chapter._

ENGLISH HISTORY FROM CONTEMPORARY WRITERS:
The misrule of Henry III.
Edward III. and his wars.
Strongbow's conquest of Ireland.
Simon de Montfort and his cause.
The Wars of York and Lancaster.
London: D. Nutt. 5 volumes.

FREEMAN, EDWARD A.
History of the Norman Conquest of England; its causes
and its results.
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1870. 5 volumes and index.

Old English history for children.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1869.

An attempt by the late Professor Freeman to make
"Old English history" interesting to children, and one
in which he did not fail.

The reign of William Rufus and the accession of Henry I.
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1882. 2 volumes.

"Taken as a whole, the seven volumes ['Norman Conquest' and
'William Rufus'] give us such a masterly philosophic
analysis and such a picturesque and vivid narrative of the
history of England in the eleventh century that it must be
pronounced the monumental work upon which Mr. Freeman's
reputation will chiefly rest."
_John Fiske,
Edward Augustus Freeman
(Atlantic Monthly, January 1893)._

GAIRDNER, JAMES.
History of the life and reign of Richard III.
London: Longmans. 1878.

"I have, in working out this subject, always adhered to the
plan of placing my chief reliance on contemporary
information; and so far as I am aware, I have neglected
nothing important that is either directly stated by
original authorities and contemporary records, or that can
be reasonably inferred from what they say."
_Author's preface._

The Houses of Lancaster and York, with the conquest
and loss of France.
London: Longmans.
New York: C. Scribner's Sons.

Belonging in the excellent series of the
"Epochs of Modern History"—small, but satisfactory.

GREEN, J. R.
The making of England.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1881.

The conquest of England.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1883.

In the first of these books, Mr. Green has told the story
of the Saxons and Angles in England down to the union of
the land under, Ecgberht; the period of their settlement,
"in which their political and social life took the form
which it still retains." In the second work he continues
the narrative to the Norman conquest.

GREEN, Mrs. J. R.
Town life in the fifteenth century.
London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1894. 2 volumes.

"Every page gives proof of careful research, skilful
arrangement of facts, and felicitous treatment."
_C. J. Robinson,
Review (Academy, June 16, 1894)._

GROSS, CHARLES.
The Gild Merchant; a contribution to British municipal history. Oxford. 1890.

Concededly the best work on the subject.

KEMBLE, JOHN M.
The Saxons in England.
New edition, edited and revised by W. De Gray Birch.
London: B. Quaritch. 1876. 2 volumes.

"An account of the principles upon which the public and
political, life of our Anglosaxon forefathers was based;
and of the institutions in which those principles were most
clearly manifested."
_Author's Preface._

"Kemble has no narrative work to compare with that of
Palgrave; but the 'Saxons in England' may fairly be
compared with the 'History of the English Commonwealth.'
They are two great works, works of two great scholars,
who assuredly are not yet superseded. They will give you
two sides of the same general story."
_E. A. Freeman,
Methods of Historical Study,
page 281._

LECHLER, G.
John Wiclif and his English precursors;
translated from the German.
London: C. K. Paul & Co. 1878. 2 volumes.

LONGMAN, WILLIAM.
History of the life and times of Edward III.
London: Longmans. 1869.

MAURICE, C. EDMUND.
Lives of English popular leaders in the Middle Ages.
London: H. S. King, 1872-5. 2 volumes.

Stephen Langton, Wat Tyler, John Ball and Sir John
Oldcastle are the subjects.

NORGATE, KATE.
England under the Angevin kings.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1887. 2 volumes.

"In point of historical scholarship it is rarely indeed
that Miss Norgate gives anything to complain of. What
strikes us before all things is her firm grasp of facts and
authorities. … It is a sterling book, one which places its
writer very high indeed in the ranks of real scholars."
_E. A. Freeman,
Review (English History Review, October., 1887)._

OMAN, CHARLES W.
Warwick, the Kingmaker.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1891.

An excellent small book on the Wars of the Roses, written
for a series entitled, "English Men of Action."

PALGRAVE, Sir FRANCIS.
History of Normandy and England.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1851 and 1878. 4 volumes.

A work which can almost be described as the history of
Western Europe from the eighth to the end of the eleventh
century, viewed especially in its connection with the
movements and settlements of the Northmen.

History of the Anglo Saxons.
London: W. Tegg.

Written from studies made more than sixty years ago, and
subject now to considerable modification; but it is still
valuable, and no later work has quite replaced it.

The rise and progress of the English Commonwealth:
Anglo-Saxon period.
London: Murray. 1831. 2 volumes.

See note to Kemble's "Saxons in England," above.

PASTON LETTERS, THE; 1422-1509;
a new edition, edited by James Gairdner.
London: [E. Arber.] 1872. 3 volumes.

"A collection of family letters written during the Wars of
the Roses, which are now commonly known as the 'Paston
Letters,' because most of them were written by or to
particular persons of the family of Paston in Norfolk. …
Mr. Gardner's Introduction of 130 closely printed pages to
the first volume, 50 to the second, and 60 to the third, is
a book in itself, giving a clear record of the public and
private life of England from 1422 to 1509, so far as they
are illustrated by, or illustrate, the 'Paston letters.'"
_H. Morley,
English Writers,
volume 6, pages 253 and 261._

PAULI, R.
Life of Alfred the Great;
translated from the German by B. Thorpe.
London: Bohn. 1853.

PEARSON, CHARLES H.
History of England during the Early and Middle Ages.
London: Bell & Daldy. 1867. 2 volumes.

A work of ability which presents views of early English
history considerably antagonistic to those of Stubbs,
Freeman and Green, especially concerning the
destructiveness of the Saxon conquest and the completeness
of the break in institutional history which that event
produced; also touching the results of the Norman conquest.

PROTHERO, GEORGE W.
Life of Simon De Montfort.
London: Longmans. 1877.

RAMSAY, Sir JAMES H.
Lancaster and York:
a century of English history (A. D.1399-1485).
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1892. 2 volumes.

"'Lancaster and York' is essentially a book of reference,
to be at the elbow of every careful student who would know
the honest fact, or would be saved indefinite quest through
a score of records. … We must admit that it is not a
readable book."
_G. Gregory Smith.
Review (Academy, October 29, 1892)._

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RHYS, J.
Celtic Britain.
London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1882.

A small book, but probably the best that can be found
on the subject.

ROUND, J. H.
Geoffrey de Mandeville; a study of the Anarchy.
London: Longmans. 1892.

Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, played a
dishonorable but important part in the strife for the
English crown between the Empress Matilda and Stephen of
Blois. He is used by Mr. Round as merely a central figure
in the most thorough study that has been made of that
distressing time of anarchy.

ROWLEY, JAMES.
The rise of the People and the growth of Parliament, 1215-1485.
London: Longmans.

An interesting outline of the period in which the popular
institutions of England were rooted. It is one of the
little volumes in the series of the "Epochs of English
History."

SCARTH, H. M.
Roman Britain.
London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.

SKENE, W. F.
Celtic Scotland.
Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas. 1876. 3 volumes.

STUBBS, WILLIAM.
Constitutional history of England
in its origin and development.
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1874-7. 3 volumes.

"In along and careful study of the Bishop of Chester's
writings I will not say that I have always agreed with
every inference that he has drawn from his evidence; but I
can say that I have never found a flaw in the statement of
his evidence. … After five-and-thirty years' knowledge of
him and his works, I can say without fear that he is the
one man among living scholars to whom one may most freely
go as to an oracle, that we may feel more sure with him
than with any other that in his answer we carry away words
of truth which he must be rash indeed who calls in
question."
_E. A. Freeman,
Methods of historical study, page 10._

The Early Plantagenets.
London: Longmans. 1877.

A little volume in the series of "Epochs of Modern History,"
contributed by one of the master-historians.

WARBURTON, W.
Edward the Third.
London: Longmans.

In the series of the "Epochs of Modern History."

WRIGHT, THOMAS.
The Celt, the Roman and the Saxon:
a history of the early inhabitants of Britain.
London: Trübner & Co. 1875.

Particularly a good summary of what is known of the
Celtic and Roman periods.

History of domestic manners and sentiments in England
during the Middle Ages.
London: Chapman & Hall. 1862.

WYLIE, JAMES HAMILTON.
History of England under Henry IV.
London: Longmans. 1881-94.
2 volumes. (a third volume to come).

An elaborate and painstaking investigation of the period,
producing a useful but not an interesting work.

GREAT BRITAIN: MODERN.

AIRY, OSMUND.
The English restoration and Louis XIV.;
from the Peace of Westphalia to the Peace of Nimwegen.
London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 1889.

ANSON, Sir W. R.
Law and custom of the Constitution.
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1886.

BACON, FRANCIS, Lord.
History of the reign of Henry VII.
[Works, edited by Spedding, et al., volume 6.]
London: Longmans, 1857-62.

BAGEHOT, WALTER.
The English Constitution.
London: Chapman & Hall.

Not a history of the English constitution, but an essay
in exposition and elucidation of its principles and its
practical working. The book is one of the classics of
political literature.

BAYNE, PETER.
The chief actors in the Puritan Revolution; 2d edition.
London: J. Clarke & Co. 1879.

BOURNE, H, R. FOX.
English seamen under the Tudors.
London: R. Bentley. 1868. 2 volumes.

Sir Philip Sidney.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1891.
London: T. F. Unwin.

In the series entitled "Heroes of the Nations."

BOUTMY, ÉMILE.
The English Constitution;
translated from the French,
with an introduction by Sir Fredrick Pollock.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1891.

BREWER, J. S.
The reign of Henry VIII. from his accession to
the death of Wolsey.
London: J. Murray. 1884. 2 volumes.

This work "consists of four different treatises, which were
originally published as prefaces to the four volumes of
'Letters an Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII.,' edited by
Professor Brewer for the Master of the Rolls. … They do not
… contain a detailed systematic narrative of all that was
done in the times of which they treat; but they certainly
do contain a review of the reign of Henry VIII. down to the
death of Wolsey, as clear sighted as it is comprehensive,
drawn from the latest sources of information, carefully
collected and arranged by the author himself."
_Preface, by James Gairdner._

BRIDGET, T. E.
Life and writings of Sir Thomas More.
London: Burns & Oates; 1891.

BURKE, S. HUBERT.
Historical portraits of the Tudor dynasty and
the Reformation period.
London: J. Hodges. 1879-83. 4 volumes.

An interesting, view of Tudor times and people by a well
instructed and fairly candid Roman Catholic student.

BURNET, Bishop.
History of his own time.
London: W. Smith. 1839. 2 volumes.

BURTON, THOMAS [member in the Parliaments
of Oliver and Richard Cromwell from 1656 to 1659].
Diary;
edited by J. T. Rutt.
London: H. Colburn. 1828. 4 volumes.

CARLYLE, THOMAS.
Oliver Cromwell's letters and speeches, with elucidations.
London: Chapman & Hall. 5 volumes.
CHAMBERS, ROBERT.
History of the rebellion of 1745-6.
Edinburgh 1847.

CHARLES I.
Letters to Queen Henrietta Maria;
edited by 'J. Bruce.
London: Camden Society 1856.

CLARENDON, EDWARD HYDE, Earl of.
History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England.
Oxford. 1849. 7 volumes.

"What is unique in his case is the value of his facts, as
contrasted with, nay as demonstrating, the inconsequence of
his reasonings. Other historians, when they go wrong, can
be refuted only by reference to other authorities;
Clarendon can be answered out of his own lips."
_P. Bayne,
Chief Actors in the Puritan Revolution,
page 475._

COOKE, GEORGE W.
History of Party, from the rise of the Whig and Tory factions,
in the reign of Charles II., to the passing of the Reform Bill.
London: J. Macrone. 1836. 2 volumes.

CORDERY, B. MERITON, and J. S. PHILLPOTTS.
King and Commonwealth; a history of Charles I.
and the great rebellion.
London: Seeley & Co.
Philadelphia: J. H. Coates & Co.

The principal author of this bit of compact, careful
historical writing is now better known as Mrs. Bertha M.
Gardiner, wife of the historian, Samuel Rawson Gardiner.

CREIGHTON, LOUISE.
Life of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough.
London: Rivingtons. 1879.

Life of Sir Walter Raleigh.
London: Rivingtons. 1877.

DICEY, A. V.
Lectures introductory to the study
of the law of the Constitution.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1885.

EPOCHS OF ENGLISH HISTORY.
London: Longmans.
New York: C. Scribner & Co. 8 volumes or 1 volume.

Early England to the Norman Conquest; by F. York Powell.

England a Continental Power from the Conquest
to the Great Charter, 1055-1215; by Mrs. M. Creighton.

The rise of the People and the growth of Parliament,
from the Great Charter to the accession of Henry VII.,
1215-1485; by James Rowley.

The Tudors and the Reformation, 1485—1603,
by Rt. Rev. M. Creighton

The struggle against absolute Monarchy 1603-1088;
by Mrs. S. R. Gardiner.

The settlement of the Constitution, 1689-1781:
by James Rowley.

England during the American and European wars, 1763—1820;
by O. W. Tancock.

Modern England, 1820-1885; by Oscar Browning.

FORSTER, JOHN.
Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England.
London: Longmans. 1840. 7 volumes.

Biographies of Eliot, Strafford, Pym, Hampden, Vane,
Marten, Cromwell. It is now known that the biography of
Strafford was written for Forster by Robert Browning, and
it has been separately published as Browning's work. "Mr.
Forster … was not only an historical writer, but his time
and energies were also largely absorbed in the journalism
of the Whig party of his day, and his treatment of
important questions too often betrays the influence of a
strong feeling of partisanship."
_S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger,
Introduction to the study of English History, page 354._

FROUDE, J. A.
History of England, from the fall of Wolsey
to the death of Elizabeth.
London: Longmans. New York: C. Scribner & Co. 12 volumes.

“The well-known work of Mr. Fronde abounds with graphic
descriptions accompanied by much admirable and just
criticism. In its composition he was largely aided by his
researches among the archives at Simancas, collections
which at that time had been very imperfectly investigated.
Unfortunately, the conception he has formed of the
character and conduct of Henry VIII. is of so strange and
unreal a kind as to deprive this portion of his History of
much of its value. The reign of Edward VI. is described
with more impartiality, but the policy of Somerset is
somewhat harshly judged. … The volumes that relate to the
reign of Elizabeth are the most valuable part of the work."
_S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger,
Introduction to the study of English History,
page 325._

Life and times of Thomas Becket.
New York: C. Scribner.

GARDINER, S. R.
The first two Stuarts and the Puritan revolution, 1603-1660.
London: Longmans.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Modern History."

History of England from the accession of James I. to
the outbreak of the civil war, 1603-1642.
London: Longmans. 1883-4. 10 volumes.

History of the Great Civil War, 1642-1649.
London: Longmans. 1886-94. 3 volumes.

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GARDINER, S. R.
History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649-1660.
London and New York: Longmans. 1894. volume 1.

editor, The constitutional documents of the Puritan revolution.
Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1889.

GASQUET, FRANCIS AIDAN.
Henry VIII. and the English monasteries.
London: J. Hodges. 1888. 2 volumes.

An investigation of facts connected with the suppression
of the monasteries, by a learned Roman Catholic.

GEIKIE, C.
The English Reformation.
London: Strahan & Co. 1879.

GEORGE III. Correspondence with Lord North, from 1768 to 1783.
London: J. Murray. 1867. 2 volumes.

GREVILLE, CHARLES C. F.
Memoirs: a journal of the reigns of George IV., William IV.,
and Victoria.
London: Longmans. 1874-88.
New York: D. Appleton & Co. 8 volumes.

The journal is brought to a close in the year 1860.

GUIZOT, F. P.
History of Richard Cromwell and the restoration of Charles II.;
translated by A. R. Scoble.
London: R. Bentley's Sons. 1856. 2 volumes.

History of the English revolution of 1640, commonly
called the great rebellion;
translated by William Hazlitt.
London: H. Bohn.
New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1846. 2 volumes.

Monk: or the fall of the Republic and the restoration
of the Monarchy in England in 1660;
translated by A. R. Scoble.
London: Bell & Daldy. 1866.

HALE, E.
The fall of the Stuarts and Western Europe from 1678 to 1697.
London: Longmans. 1876.

A small book in the series entitled
"Epochs of Modern History."

HALL, HUBERT.
Society in the Elizabethan Age.
London: Sonnenschein & Co. 1887.

HALLAM, HENRY.
Constitutional history of England, from the accession
of Henry VII. to the death of George II.
London: J. Murray. 3 volumes.

HAMILTON, J. A.
Life of Daniel O'Connell.
London: W. H. Allen & Co., 1888.

HEATON, WILLIAM.
The three reforms of Parliament: a history, 1830-1885.
London: T. F. Unwin. 1885.

HERBERT OF CHERBURY, EDWARD, Lord.
History of England under Henry VIII.
London: A. Herbert. 1870.

HOSMER, JAMES K.
Life of Young Sir Henry Vane, Governor of Massachusetts Bay
and leader of the Long Parliament.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1888.

A careful study from original sources of the political
career of Sir Henry Vane on both sides of the sea.

HUGHES, THOMAS.
Alfred the Great.
London: Macmillan & Co.

HUTCHINSON, LUCY.
Memoirs of Colonel Hutchinson:
revised, with additional notes, by C. H. Firth.
London: Nimmo. 1885.

"Hutchinson represented Nottinghamshire in the Long
Parliament, taking the parliamentary side; and the
narrative throws much light on the conduct of the
committees through which Parliament worked, and the
machinery whereby it maintained its authority over the
whole kingdom."
_S. R. Gardiner and J. B. Mullinger,
Introduction to the study of English History, page 318._

JEPHSON, HENRY.
The Platform: its rise and progress.
London and New York: Macmillan & Co. 1892. 2 volumes.

"In 1820 we find the word 'platform' used as describing the
place from which the speakers addressed the meeting, and
gradually, as we advanced into the present century, the
word 'platform' by a perfectly simple and natural
transition, came into general use and acceptation, not
merely in the technical sense, as the place from which the
Speech was made, but as descriptive of the spoken
expression of public opinion outside Parliament."
_H. Jephson, The Platform,
its rise and progress, introduction._

LECKY, W. E. H.
History of England in the 18th century.
London: Longmans. 1878-87.
New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1878-90. 8 volumes.

"Mr. Lecky's book ought to have been entitled 'Essays on
the Growth of the British Empire during the Eighteenth
Century.' … He has seized more clearly than most writers
the fruitful idea that the importance of the eighteenth
century in English history lies in the transformation of
England into the British Empire, and further, that no part
of British history can be understood unless the development
of the Empire be regarded as a whole."
A. V. Dicey,
Lecky's History
(Nation, April 18, 1878, page 261).

LETTERS AND PAPERS, foreign and domestic, of the
reign of Henry VIII., preserved in the Public Records
Office, the British Museum and elsewhere in
England;
arranged and catalogued by J. S. Brewer
[after his death by James Gairdner],
under the direction of the Master of the Rolls.
London: Longmans. 1862-93. 12 volumes in 18.

LYALL, Sir ALFRED.
Warren Hastings.
London: Macmillan & Co. 1889.

McCARTHY, JUSTIN.
The epoch of Reform, 1830-1850.,
London: Longmans. 1882.

In the series entitled "Epochs of Modern History."

History of our own times, from the accession of
Queen Victoria to the Berlin Congress.
London: Chatto & Windus. 1879. 4 volumes.
New York: Harper & Bros. 1880. 2 volumes.

A most readable narrative of recent history: colored
by the national and partisan prejudices of the writer,
as every contemporary writing of history is sure to be;
but manifestly honest in intention, and a praiseworthy
piece of work.

MACKINTOSH, Sir JAMES.
History of the Revolution in England in 1688:
comprising a view of the reign of James II.;
completed, to the settlement of the crown, by the editor.